BEGINNING OF ATOMIC THEORY

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Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Development of the Atomic Theory THE BEGINNING OF ATOMIC THEORY 1. What does the word atom mean? a. dividable b. invisible c. hard particles d. not able to be divided 2. Why weren t Democritus s ideas accepted? a. Bohr did not agree with his theory. b. Dalton proved Democritus wrong. c. Aristotle did not agree with his theory. d. Rutherford proved Democritus wrong. From Aristotle to Modern Science 3. What is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided? a. a nucleus b. a proton c. an atom d. a neutron DALTON S ATOMIC THEORY BASED ON EXPERIMENTS 4. Which of the following ideas was part of Dalton s theories? a. All substances are made of atoms. b. Atoms can be divided. c. Atoms can be destroyed. d. Most substances are made of atoms. Holt Science and Technology 5 Introduction to Atoms

Not Quite Correct 5. What happened in the late 1800s? a. Dalton created a new theory. b. Dalton disproved his own theory. c. Dalton s theory was proved. d. Dalton s theory changed. THOMSON S DISCOVERY OF ELECTRONS Read the words in the box. Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. electrons cathode-ray tube particles positively 6. Thomson experimented with a. 7. Thomson discovered that a charged plate attracted the beam. 8. Thomson concluded that the beam was made of that have negative electric charges. 9. The negatively charged particles Thompson discovered are called. Holt Science and Technology 6 Introduction to Atoms

Like Plums in a Pudding 10. What did Thomson believe about electrons? a. They are mixed throughout an atom. b. They are in the center of an atom. c. They are positively charged. d. They are absent from an atom. RUTHERFORD S ATOMIC SHOOTING GALLERY Surprising Results 11. What did Rutherford expect the particles to do? a. to pass right through the gold foil b. to deflect to the sides of the gold foil c. to bounce straight back d. to become blobs of matter WHERE ARE THE ELECTRONS? 12. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Rutherford s results? a. Some of the particles turned to one side. b. some of the particles did not move. c. Most of the particles passed through the gold foil. d. Some of the particles bounced straight back. 13. What is an atom is made up of? a. mostly empty space. b. helium. c. gold particles. d. large particles. Holt Science and Technology 7 Introduction to Atoms

Far From the Nucleus 14. What did Rutherford believe was in the center of an atom? a. an electron b. a nucleus c. a particle d. a proton BOHR S ELECTRON LEVELS 15. What did Bohr study? a. the way atoms react to light b. the size of atoms c. the diameter of the nucleus d. the division of atoms 16. How did Bohr s model propose that electrons move around the nucleus? a. a variety of ways b. haphazardly c. between the levels d. in certain paths The Modern Atomic Theory 17. What model represents current atomic theory? a. electron-cloud model b. plum-pudding model c. Rutherford s model d. Bohr s model Holt Science and Technology 8 Introduction to Atoms

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE Answer Key Directed Reading A SECTION: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC THEORY 1. D 2. C 3. Aristotle disagreed with Democritus. At the time, Aristotle had more influence on what people thought than Democritus did. Consequently, people believed Aristotle. 4. atom 5. C 6. Dalton s results suggested that elements combine in specific proportions because they are made of single atoms. 7. positively, negative 8. electrons 9. atom 10. A 11. Most of the particles passed right through the gold foil, some of the particles were deflected, and some of the particles bounced straight back. 12. D 13. nucleus 14. Electron clouds are regions inside the atom where electrons are likely to be found. SECTION: THE ATOM 1. B 2. F 3. D 4. E 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. hydrogen, proton, electron (no particular order for proton and electron) 9. nucleus 10. helium 11. protons and neutrons (either order) 12. protons 13. A 15. B 16. C 17. isotopes 18. atomic mass 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. B Directed Reading B SECTION: DEVELOPMENT OF ATOMIC THEORY 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. cathode-ray tube 7. positively 8. particles 9. electrons 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. A 15. A 16. D 17. A SECTION: THE ATOM 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. hydrogen, electron 7. helium 8. neutrons 9. atomic number 10. atomic mass unit 11. A 12. B 13. C 15. C 16. mass number 17. atomic mass 18. strong force 19. gravitational force 20. weak force 21. electromagnetic force Holt Science and Technology 61 Introduction to Atoms

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