King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals City and Regional Planning Department CRP 514: Introduction to GIS Term 112 Mineral Exploration Using GIS Term paper presentation By Mutasim Osman ID # g201105050 Course Instructor Dr. Baqer Al-Ramadan May 13, 2012 1
Outlines: Objective. GIS and geological applications. Mapping the subsurface by GIS. GIS for mineral exploration. Tara mines, case study. Bulghah mines, case study. Conclusions. 2
OBJECTIVE 3
Objective: To show how GIS can help in many aspects related to mineral exploration: Evaluating the potentiality of mineral. Modeling the subsurface. Save money and time. Favorable locations for minerals. Decision Making. 4
GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION VS. GIS 5
Mineral Deposits: Special geologic mechanisms: 1- Structural mechanism, such as; Faults. 2- Hydrothermal mechanism, such as; Igneous Intrusion. 6
Favorable geologic features for minerals deposition. Schematic cross section showing the key geologic elements of the main systems and their crustal depths of emplacement. Modified from Poulsen et al. (2000), and Robert (2004a). 7
GIS and geological applications: GIS can be utilized in different fields in Geology. In mineral exploration GIS can be used to a set of characteristics. 8
Data sources for mineral exploration: Geological maps. Structural features maps. Geophysical survey data. Satellite images. Geochemistry of samples. 9
Geological Map of Nova Scotia, Canada. www.esri.com 10
Structural features for Meadowbank area, Canada. http://www.agnico-eagle.com 11
Geophysical (Gravity) survey data for Queensland, Australia. http://www.directionsmag.com 12
Satellite image for Escondida Mine, Chile. www.visions-of-earth.com 13
Geochemical survey by SLAm outlines a nickel anomaly of similar dimensions. 14
Data Challenges: Data Integration & Analysis. Data redundancy & quality concerns. Time and Money. 15
GIS contribution: The best platform to bring all these data together and get a precious result is GIS. 16
GIS workflow in mineral exploration: 17
Mapping the subsurface using GIS: Nowadays,, GIS subsurface modeling tools allow the geologists to present well and subsurface data. 18
Displaying 3D Borehole Data Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst. (Data Courtesy PT. Freeport Indonesia) 19
GIS for mineral exploration: data collection, management, analysis, and reporting. Engineers and operations staff. GIS can be used to integrate mine design data from other mining. 20
CASE STUDIES 21
Tara mines: Boliden Tara Mines Company, Ireland. Europe's largest Zinc producer. They produce zinc and lead concentrates and started production in 1977. Geological map of Ireland showing the mines locations. 22
Exploration and geodatabases: drill-core from mine drilling results, Exploration drilling results, and other external data. Using 2D and 3D software to combine all these data within GIS. 23
Various GIS software used to combine data Tara mines, 2010 24
3D Modeling: From drill holes data to dynamic model (Tara mines, 2010). Zinc Haloes in the Upper Dark Limestone Lithology Unit at Navan (Tara mines, 2010). 25
Bulghah mines: Western Saudi Arabia,Afifi terrane. Generating favorability map for gold exploration. SPOT image covering the study area (Madani, 2011). 26
Geological map of the Bulghah area. modified after Delfour (1977). 27
Methodologies: Four main layers are prepared for GIS modeling. 1-lithology. 2-major faults. 3-lineaments. 4- favorable contacts layers. 28
The layers: 29
The result: Favorability map for gold exploration over Bulghah gold mine area. Circles defined the new favorable sites for gold exploration. 30
CONCLUSIONS 31
GIS Advantages for mining: Displaying a wide range of data. Importing diverse map inputs, graphics and creating fruitful database. Ability to move and combine between GIS and other DOS compatible software packages. 32
GIS Advantages for mining: Interactive graphics capability (Overlay). Integration of various data, area analysis, and modeling. Thebrowsecharacter,usefulforkeeping track of both the development and final stages in a data integration project. 33
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