SFB Colloquium DESY Hamburg, July 3rd, 2008 FLAVOR PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL Gudrun Hiller, Dortmund University of Technology
Standard Model of Particle Physics renormalizable quantum field theory + local symmetry SU(3) SU(2) U(1) SU(3) U(1) L = 1 4 F 2 + ψi Dψ + 1 2 (DΦ)2 + ψy ψφ + µ 2 Φ 2 λφ 4 F : carriers of strong, weak and electromagnetic force Φ: Higgs particle ψ: fundamental matter: quarks + leptons u d, c s, t b ν e e, ν µ µ, ν τ τ Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 2
Shortest Distance=Highest Energies Length [m] 10 18 10 15 10 12 Bohr-Radius nano 10 9 visible light 10 6 Energy Λ EWK Λ QCD E Deuteron E Rydberg Mass WZ 2eV t b τc µs ud e particle physics atomic, nuclear physic Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 3
Physics at the LHC (2008 this Year!) pp-collisions with 7 TeV on 7 TeV 1 TeV = 1000 m proton Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 4
Beyond the Standard Model (SM) dark matter Ω DM 22% antimatter-matter asymmetry in the universe (n n)/s 10 10 neutrino masses unification of forces flavor: m u /m t 10 5, mixing strong CP problem: why is Θ < 10 10 and δ CKM = O(1)? Higgs mass m 2 h Λ2 gravity, dark energy SM is an effective theory up to O(100) GeV Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 5
Physics at Highest Energies Length [m] nano 10 18 10 15 10 12 Bohr-radius 10 9 visible light 10 6 Energy NEW PHYSICS? LHC Higgs,SUSY? Λ t EWK b τc µs particle physics ud e atomic,nuclear physics WZ Λ QCD E Deuteron E Rydberg 2eV Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 6
Flavor and CP violation within the Standard Model L Qi DQ QY u h C U QY d h D h 174 GeV V ud V us V ub 1 λ λ 3 V CKM = V cd V cs V cb λ 1 λ 2 ; λ 0.22 V td V ts V tb λ 3 λ 2 1 3 generations = 10 parameters in flavor & CP sector: 6 masses, 3 angles and 1 phase in CKM-matrix unitary, complex, hierarchical, known V us = 0.2257(21), V cb = 41.6 ± 0.6 10 3, V ub = 4.31 ± 0.3 10 3 β(measured) = (21.23 +1.03 0.99) -third generation is decoupled from the first two -CP phase is order one Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 7
Testing the Standard Model with Flavor and CP the unitarity triangle V ub V ud + V cbv cd + V tbv td = 0 1.5 excluded area has CL > 0.95 γ 1 sin2β excluded at CL > 0.95 m s & m d η 0.5 0 ε K γ α β α m d V ub -0.5 α -1 CKM f i t t e r Summer 2007-1.5-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 ρ γ ε K sol. w/ cos2β < 0 (excl. at CL > 0.95) -fit consistent; contains tree and loop processes of B,K-mesons Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 8
New Physics in rare Processes, Where is it? m SM s (Vtb V ts) 2 g4 ( bγs)( bγ s) 16π 2 m 2 W m NP s flavor loop/tree ( bγs)( bγ s) Λ 2 Λ: scale of New Physics; m W = 80.4 GeV Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 9
New Physics in rare Processes, Where is it? m SM s (Vtb V ts) 2 g4 ( bγs)( bγ s) 16π 2 m 2 W m NP s flavor loop/tree ( bγs)( bγ s) Λ 2 New Physics from loops tree level New Physics B s B s Λ > m W / V ts O(2 3) TeV Λ > 4πm W / V ts O(30) TeV B d B d Λ > m W / V td O(10 15) TeV Λ > 4πm W / V td O(100) TeV SM flavor Λ > m W O(100) GeV Λ > 4πm W O(1) TeV With generic flavor: Λ s LHC Λ EW KSB Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 10
Minimal Flavor Violation flavor and CP in SM: L Y = QY U h C U + QY D hd + LY E he + h.c. flavor symmetry: U(3) 5 Y U(1) B U(1) L U(1) Y non-abelian quark part: G F SU(3) Q SU(3) D SU(3) U Yukawas are spurions of G F : Y D (3, 3, 1), Y U (3, 1, 3) Minimal Flavor Violation (MFV)= Y D, Y U are the only spurions of flavor G F breaking Chivukula, Georgi 87; d Ambrosio et al 02 MFV is property of the Standard Model. MFV: potential organizing principle for New Physics. non-symmetry based definitions: Ali,London 99; Buras 2 00 Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 11
What does MFV imply for SUSY? Simplification! superpotential (N = 1, unbroken R-parity): W MSSM = QY u H u U + QY d H d D + LY e H d E + µh d H u MFV! SUSY-breaking constrained by MFV: Q m 2 Q Q + Ũ m 2 UŨ + D m 2 D D + (A u QHu Ũ + A d QHd D + h.c.) m 2 Q = m 2 (a 1 1 + b 1 Y u Y u + b 2 Y d Y d ) m 2 U = m 2 (a 2 1 + b 5 Y u Y u ) m 2 D = m 2 (a 3 1 + b 6 Y d Y d) A u = A(a 4 1 + b 7 Y d Y d )Y u A d = A(a 5 1 + b 8 Y u Y u )Y d D Ambrosio et al 02 Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 12
MFV Predictions for the MSSM - 3rd generation decoupled (via V CKM ) - highly degenerate squarks of 1st and 2nd generation: m/m 0 λ 2 c/2; m < 1 GeV GH,Schmaltz 01 -squark spectrum is approx. 10+2 (8+4 for large tan β) 800 600 400 TESLA TDR Part III 01 200 Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 13
Testing Minimal Flavor Violation: 1. Loops FCNC quantum loops: W ± H ± χ ± g, χ 0 0 in MFV b u, c, t s b u, c, t s b ũ, c, t s b d, s, b s constraints from K,D,B-physics penguins, meson-mixing potentially huge effects if flavor is not minimally broken. ongoing tests at B-factories and Tevatron; extended searches at LHC Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 14
Challenges for Minimal Flavor Violation sin(2β eff ) sin(2φ e 1 ff ) HFAG LP 2007 PRELIMINARY b ccs φ K 0 η K 0 World Average 0.68 ± 0.03 Average 0.39 ± 0.17 Average 0.61 ± 0.07 K S K S K S Average 0.58 ± 0.20 π 0 K S ρ 0 K S ω K S f 0 K 0 π 0 π 0 K S K + K - K 0 Average 0.38 ± 0.19 Average 0.61 + - 0 0.. 2 2 5 7 Average 0.48 ± 0.24 Average 0.85 ± 0.07 Average -0.52 ± 0.41 Average 0.73 ± 0.10-1.6-1.4-1.2-1 -0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 η CP sin 2β(( ss)k }{{ S ) = sin 2β(( cc)k }}{{ S } ) + VubV us V tb Vts F CNC tree }{{} 0.02 #(hadronic) non-ckm CP-phases, right-handed currents, CKM-links broken, e.g., B(B d µµ)/b(b s µµ) f Bd V td 2 / f Bs V ts 2 Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 15
Testing MFV: 2. Production of Heavy Particles potentially huge effects if flavor is not minimally broken. MFV-null test: if we see signal in particular reaction, MFV (or MSSM) must be broken: Charged-Higgs-production with or without flavor pp H + X, pp H + + jet + X Diaz-Cruz,He,Yuan; Dittmaier,GH,Plehn,Spannowsky 07 sensitive to flavor mixing essentially unconstrained by K,D,B-physics Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 16
Measuring MFV Mixing at the LHC In MFV, mixing between third and other generations is suppressed: m 2 Q = m2 (a 1 1 + b 1 Y u Y u + b 2 Y d Y d ) ( m2 Q ) 23 = m 2 b 2 λ 2 b V cbv tb There is an opportunity to measure the mixing because it is so small: measure lifetime instead of branching ratio GH,Nir 08 This is a counterexample to the lore that colliders determine only masses, and mixings are measured in low energy experiments requirement: t cχ 0 dominant decay & sufficiently suppressed rate stop lifetime τ t ps ( m t 100 GeV ) ( 0.03 m/m t ) 2 ( ) 2 10 5 Y is long m = m t m χ 0; macroscopic decay length (small Y λ 2 b V cb) unique to MFV Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 17
Long Live the Stop m > m b opens up tree level 4-body decays t bχ 0 lν. Γ( t bχ 0 lν) g6 V tb 2 Γ( t cχ 0 ) 2 ( m m b ) 7 [Y ( m/m)] 2 Mm 4 W m2 χ + solid curve: βγτ t > 0.1mm; dashed: Y min alignement; horizontal solid line Y λ c anarchy +extended R-symm.GH,Nir 08 light stop ingredient of EWK baryogenesis; supports coannihilation of relic density; stop NLSP in hypercharged anomaly mediation Dermisek et al 07 Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 18
Summary Flavor has been intimately linked to the Making of the SM. The LHC will explore for the first time the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. What are the flavor quantum numbers of new particles/sm partners? Already strong constraints from flavor physics: Either TeV-BSM is accidentally small in measured K, D, B-observables, or there is a symmetry behind such as Minimal Flavor Violation ; implications for collider physics. If MFV is confirmed, the origin of flavor is most likely unrelated to the TeV-scale. Gudrun Hiller DESY HH, July 2008 Slide 19