Neutron Lifetime & CKM Unitarity: The Standard Model & Beyond

Transcription

1 Neutron Lifetime & CKM Unitarity: The Standard Model & Beyond M.J. Ramsey-Musolf U Mass Amherst ACFI Neutron Lifetime Workshop, September 2014! 1

2 Outline I. CKM unitarity: the NP & BSM context II. CKM unitarity: status III. CKM unitarity: BSM implications IV. Summary 2

3 I. NP & BSM Context Fundamental symmetries and neutrinos in NP in light of the LHC 3

4 Scientific Questions 2007 NSAC LRP: What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? 4

5 Scientific Questions 2007 NSAC LRP: What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? 5

6 Four Components ** EDM searches: BSM CPV, Origin of Matter 0νββ decay searches: Nature of neutrino, Lepton number violation, Origin of Matter Electron & muon prop s & Radioactive decays & other interactions: Supersymmetry as an illustration tests SM Theoretical Precision Tests, progress BSM & chalenges SM Precision Tests, BSM diagnostic probes diagnostic probes Our work ** 2012 NSAC Subcommittee Report 6

7 Four Components EDM searches: BSM CPV, Origin of Matter 0νββ decay searches: Nature of neutrino, Lepton number violation, Origin of Matter Electron & muon prop s & Radioactive decays & other interactions: Supersymmetry as an illustration tests SM Theoretical Precision Tests, progress BSM & challenges SM Precision Tests, BSM diagnostic probes diagnostic probes Our work 7

8 The BSM Context: NP & the LHC! What are the BSM interactions and what is the associated mass scale?! Are fundamental interactions natural? 8

9 Scalar Fields in Particle Physics

10 Scalar Fields in Particle Physics Scalar fields are a simple

11 Scalar Fields in Particle Physics Scalar fields are a simple Scalar fields are theoretically problematic H 0 H 0 ϕ NEW Δ m 2 ~ λ Λ 2

12 Scalar Fields in Particle Physics Scalar fields are a simple Scalar fields are theoretically problematic H 0 H 0 ϕ NEW Δ m 2 ~ λ Λ 2 Discovery of a (probably) fundamental 125 GeV scalar : Is it telling us anything about Λ? Naturalness?

13 Scalar Fields in Particle Physics Scalar fields are a simple Scalar fields are theoretically problematic H 0 H 0 ϕ NEW Δ m 2 ~ λ Λ 2 Discovery of a (probably) fundamental 125 GeV scalar : m h 2 ~ λ v 2 & G F ~ 1/v 2 : what keeps G F large?

14 LHC Implications Weak scale BSM physics (e.g., SUSY) is there but challenging for the hadronic collider SUSY is there but a bit heavy (some fine tuning) We are thinking about the problem incorrectly (cosmological constant???)

15 LHC Implications Weak scale BSM physics (e.g., SUSY) is there but challenging for the hadronic collider SUSY is there but a bit heavy (some fine tuning) We are thinking about the problem incorrectly (cosmological constant???) Opportunity for precision tests: weak decays

16 LHC BSM Challenge: Light but Compressed? Pair production of squarks g Final state: 2j + E T, 2j + l + E T No exclusion yet (jets analysis): is sub-tev SUSY hiding here? CMS: SUS pas If so, will it show up in precision tests?

17 LHC BSM Challenge: Light but Compressed? Pair production of squarks g Final state: 2j + E T, 2j + l + E T No exclusion yet (jets analysis): is sub-tev SUSY hiding here? If so, will it show up in precision tests? CMS: SUS pas

18 LHC BSM Challenge: Light but Compressed? Pair production of squarks g Final state: 2j + E T, 2j + l + E T No exclusion yet (jets analysis): is sub-tev SUSY hiding here? If so, will it show up in precision tests? ATLAS:

19 LHC Implications Weak scale BSM physics (e.g., SUSY) is there but challenging for the hadronic collider SUSY is there but a bit heavy (some fine tuning) We are thinking about the problem incorrectly (cosmological constant???) Opportunity for SM-suppressed processes: EDMs

20 Probing Heavy Scale: EDMs & Precision Tests BSM Signal ~ (υ / Λ ) 2 BSM Probe : θ QCD & BSM CPV BSM diagnostic EDM Weak Decays 20

21 LHC (lack of) Indications? 21

22 LHC Implications Weak scale BSM physics (e.g., SUSY) is there but challenging for the hadronic collider SUSY is there but a bit heavy (some fine tuning) We are thinking about the problem incorrectly (cosmological constant???) Naturalness is a misleading guide & there may be new ultralight degrees of freedom: Intensity frontier

23 New Light States? Dark gauge bosons Macroscopic (spin-dependent) forces χ 0 e + ϕ χ 0 e χ 0 e + ϕ χ 0 e 23

24 The BSM Context: NP & the LHC! What are the BSM interactions and what is the associated mass scale?! Are fundamental interactions natural? Weak decays provide an invaluable window into possible answers 24

25 II. CKM Unitarity: Status 25

26 Weak Decays: CKM Unitarity d u e ν e s u e ν e b u e ν e u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& V ud 2 + V us 2 + V ub 2 = 1 SM ± Expt ± ± ± Includes theory error 26

27 CKM Unitarity & V ud u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay d u e ν e s u e ν e Physics reach complements and can even exceed that of colliders: d n ~10-28 β e-cm G; δo/o F SM ~ 10-4 n p e ν e Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) A(Z 1,N +1) e + ν has set the foundation for e this era of discovery π + π 0 e + ν e The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: nuclear, particle, hadronic, atomic, cosmology ( ) G F µ = V ud 1+ Δr β Δr µ 27

28 CKM Unitarity & V ud u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay d u e ν e s u e ν e Physics reach complements and can even exceed that of colliders: d n ~10-28 β e-cm G; δo/o F SM ~ 10-4 n p e ν e τ n + asym ( ) G F µ = V ud 1+ Δr β Δr µ Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) A(Z 1,N +1) e + ν has set the foundation for e this era of discovery π + The πprecision 0 e + ν! e frontier is richly interdisciplinary: p nuclear, particle, hadronic, dw atomic, 1+ a e p! ν Ecosmology + A!! p σ n e + " e E ν E e 28

29 Latest Results from UCNA Mendenhall, et al Phys. Rev. C 87, (2013) Thanks: B. Filippone

30 Weak decays G F β G F µ = V ud 1+ Δr β Δr µ ( ) β-decay n p e ν e A(Z,N) A(Z 1,N +1) e + ν e π + π 0 e + ν e SM theory input ν e W p γ e n M Wγ = G F 2 Recent Marciano & Sirlin α, 2π ln & M 2 Z. ( - ' Λ 2 ) / + + C γw (Λ) 1 * 0

31 Weak decays: kaons & V us Two approaches: K l3 decays: K l2 decays: d u e ν e s u e ν e b u e ν e kaon decay K + π 0 e + ν e

32 Weak decays: kaons & V us Two approaches: K l3 decays: d u e ν e s u e ν e b u e ν e K l2 decays: kaon decay K + π 0 e + ν e χpt

33 Weak decays: kaons & V us Two approaches: K l3 decays: d u e ν e s u e ν e b u e ν e K l2 decays: kaon decay K + π 0 e + ν e LQCD χpt

34 Weak decays: kaons & V us Antonelli et al, f K /f π =1.198(2) stat ( +6 8 ) syst =1.197(7), f + (0) = 0.959(5), V us /V ud f K /f π =0.2758(5). V us f + (0) = (5),

35 CKM Unitarity V. Cirigliano & A. Neufeld, V. Cirigliano et al,

36 III. CKM Unitarity: BSM Implications 36

37 CKM Unitarity & BSM Physics u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay d u e ν e s u e ν e Physics reach complements and can even exceed that of colliders: d n ~10-28 β e-cm G; δo/o F SM ~ 10-4 n p e ν e Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) A(Z 1,N +1) e + ν has set the foundation for e this era of discovery π + π 0 e + ν e The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: nuclear, particle, hadronic, atomic, cosmology ( ) G F µ = V ud 1+ Δr β Δr µ 37

38 CKM Unitarity & BSM Physics u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay d u e ν e s u e ν e Physics reach complements and can even exceed that of colliders: d n ~10-28 β e-cm G; δo/o F SM ~ 10-4 n p e ν e Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) A(Z 1,N +1) e + ν has set the foundation for e this era of discovery π + π 0 e + ν e ( ) G F µ = V ud 1+ Δr β Δr µ The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: BSM physics nuclear, particle, hadronic, atomic, cosmology 38

39 CKM Unitarity & BSM Physics ν µ d u e ν e s u e ν e u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay ν µ W Physics reach complements and can even exceed χ +! 0 that of colliders: d n ~10-28 β e-cm G; δo/o F SM ~ 10-4 µ n µ p e ν e Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) has χ 0 A(Z 1,N ν +1) e + set the foundation e ν for e this era of discovery ν µ π + π 0 e + ν e ν e e ( ) G F µ = V ud 1+ Δr β Δr µ The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: e nuclear, particle, BSM physics χ hadronic, SUSY atomic, cosmology µ ν µ ν e δo SUSY O SM ~ ! 39

40 CC: SUSY Radiative Corrections Propagator ν µ W χ W ν e + ν µ W e W ν e +! µ χ 0 e µ ν e e Cancel from Δr β -Δr µ Vertex & External leg ν µ u µ χ 0 d ν µ µ W ν ee χ 0 + ν µ ν µ - e µ µ χ + W µ χ 0 ν e ν e +! χ 0 e ν µ χ 0 ν e Box µ ν µ χ ν e e +! Bauman, Erler, Kurylov & RM

41 CKM Unitarity & BSM Physics ν µ d u e ν e s u e ν e u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay ν µ W Physics reach complements and can even exceed χ +! 0 that of colliders: d n ~10-28 e-cm ; δo/o SM ~ 10-4 µ n µ p e ν e Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) has χ 0 A(Z 1,N ν +1) e + set the foundation e ν for e this era of discovery ν µ π + π 0 e + ν e ν e e The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: e nuclear, particle, χ hadronic, SUSY Bauman et al 12 atomic, cosmology µ ν µ ν e δo SUSY O SM ~ ! CKM Unitarity MSSM Lightest chargino mass 41

42 CKM Unitarity & BSM Physics ν µ d u e ν e s u e ν e u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade β-decay ν µ W Physics reach complements and can even exceed χ +! 0 that of colliders: d n ~10-28 e-cm ; δo/o SM ~ 10-4 µ n µ p e ν e Substantial experimental and theoretical progress A(Z,N) has χ 0 A(Z 1,N ν +1) e + set the foundation e ν for e this era of discovery ν µ π + π 0 e + ν e ν e e The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: e nuclear, particle, χ hadronic, SUSY Bauman et al 12 atomic, cosmology µ ν µ ν e δo SUSY O SM ~ ! CKM Unitarity Future Present MSSM Lightest chargino mass 42 Next generation: ~ 10-4 precision

43 Pion Leptonic Decay

44 Pion Leptonic Decay SUSY: RPV or loops R-M, Su, Tulin l j λ / j1k d ~ k q R ν λ / j1k u Probing Slepton Universality u χ 0 ν e u χ 0 ν µ u ν e vs u ν µ d χ e d χ µ

45 Bauman, Erler, R-M π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool

46 Bauman, Erler, R-M π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool

47 π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool Light selectrons, heavy squarks & smuons Light squarks, heavy sleptons Light smuons, heavy squarks & selectrons Bauman, Erler, R-M

48 Bauman, Erler, R-M π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool

49 π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool Future Bauman, Erler, R-M

50 π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool Ft = ± 0.79 s V ud = ± b F = ± Bauman, Erler, R-M

51 π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool UCNA Ft = ± 0.79 s V ud = ± b F = ± ! p e! p dw 1 + a ν Bauman, Erler, R-M Bauman, Erler, R-M + A! σ n E e E ν! p e E e + "

52 π l2 & β Decay: Diagnostic Tool UCNA Ft = ± 0.79 s V ud = ± b F = ± Future! p e! p dw 1 + a ν Bauman, Erler, R-M Bauman, Erler, R-M + A! σ n E e E ν! p e E e + "

53 LHC BSM Challenge: Light but Compressed? Pair production of squarks g Final state: 2j + E T, 2j + l + E T No exclusion yet (jets analysis): is sub-tev SUSY hiding here? CMS: SUS pas If so, will it show up in precision tests?

54 LHC BSM Challenge: Light but Compressed? Pair production of squarks CKM Unitarity Tests g Bauman, Pitschmann, Erler, R-M preliminary Δ CKM > 10-4 CMS: SUS pas

55 LHC BSM Challenge: Light but Compressed? Pair production of squarks CKM Unitarity Tests g Bauman, Pitschmann, Erler, R-M preliminary Δ CKM > 10-4 CMS: SUS pas

56 Effective Operators! What if Λ BSM >> E LHC? 56

57 Effective Operators ε ~ C ( v/λ ) 2 V. Cirigliano et al,

58 Effective Operators: LHC & Weak Decays 0.1% on Neutron B, b 6 He b V. Cirigliano et al,

59 Effective Operators: LHC & Weak Decays 0.1% on Neutron B, b 6 He b Λ ~ 30 TeV Λ ~ 10 TeV : Comparable to 0 +! 0 + V. Cirigliano et al,

60 Worldwide Radioactivity d u e ν e s u e ν e u c t ( ) " V ud V us V ub %" d% $ ' $ ' V cd V cs V cb s $ ' $ ' # V td V ts V tb &# b& Precision b u estudies ν and symmetry tests with neutrons e are poised to discovery key ingredients of the new Standard Model during the next decade Physics reach complements and can even exceed that of colliders: d n ~10-28 e-cm ; δo/o SM ~ 10-4 Substantial experimental and theoretical progress has set the foundation for this era of discovery The precision frontier is richly interdisciplinary: nuclear, particle, hadronic, atomic, cosmology neutron nuclei 60

61 Summary Precision tests of weak decays can provide unique and powerful diagnostic probes of BSM physics, complementing what we may learn from the energy frontier Tests of CKM unitarity and lepton universality with ~ 10-4 precision could uncover footprints of BSM interactions that so far have evaded the LHC and address key open questions at the NP/HEP interface Achieving a robust value of the neutron lifetime with δτ n < 1s is an essential step in this program 61