International Charter: Space and Major Disasters UNESCAP Training Workshop Kathmandu Nepal 30-31 Oct 2017 Dr. N K Shrivastava (shrivastava.nk@gmail.com) Former Charter Executive Secretariat Member Dy. Director, ISTRAC/ISRO (Retd.) Bangalore, India
Space System for Disaster Management Limitations of ground-based systems for immediate & precise assessment of the disasters. Space based Disaster Management System (DMS) provides precise, unbiased, synoptic and timely information on the nature and impact of the disaster affected areas - extent of damage.
DMS - Space enabled Products & Services Space for Observation and Connectivity Observation for Information and Knowledge Leading to Decision and Action FLOOD MAP DROUGHT MAP DAMAGE MAP HAZARD ZONES RISK MAP Disaster Warning, Vulnerability Assessment, Emergency Communications,...
Need for International Co-operation No single space agency can provide imaging capability to meet the spatial and temporal requirements of different types of disasters. Important Parameters for Disaster Imaging: Turn - Around-Time Resolution Coverage Specific Imaging Sensors (Different space sensors (Thermal, Microwave, Optical) required for Different Disasters (Fire, Floods, EQ). Hence the need for a Global System for disaster management, supported by multi-satellite and multi-imaging capabilities This led to setting up of International Charter: Space and Major Disasters
About the Charter World s first coordinated multi-satellite operational Setup for emergency response Introduced at Space Assembly (UNISPACE III) in 1999 ESA & CNES and later Joined by CSA Operational from Nov 1, 2000 Currently 16 Global Agencies are members Satellite imagery provided at no cost to the user Over 17 years, the Charter has had a large fleet of satellites, tools & techniques developed to help support end-to-end needs of disaster managers.
Purpose An International Agreement among Space Agencies to support with space-based data and information for relief efforts in the emergencies caused by major Disasters, on Humanitarian ground at no cost.
The Charter scope: Immediate Response only
Charter Members CSA Canada NOAA USGS USA ABAE Venezuela INPE Brasil UKSA/DMC UK CNES France DLR Germany Europe ESA EUMETSAT ROSCOSMOS Russia CNSA China ISRO India KARI Korea JAXA Japan CONAE Argentina
Disasters Types Supported The International Charter executes priority tasking of different EO missions in a rapid fashion; it is designed to address major disasters caused by: Natural events Floods Earthquakes Accidents Forest Fires Landslides Tsunamis Ocean storms Volcanic eruptions Man-made events Oil spills Industrial
Authorized Users (AU) Globally Typically civil protection agencies, governmental relief organizations, or other authorities with a mandate related to disaster management Countries with Authorized Users (April 2016). Today 58 AUs from 50 countries and the European Commission (EC).
Charter Operational Loop ON-DUTY OPERATOR (ODO) AUTHORIZED USER (AU) EMERGENCY ON-CALL OFFICER (ECO) PROJECT MANAGER (PM) MEMBER AGENCY MISSION PLANNING VALUE- ADDED PROVIDER (VAP) ESA CNES CSA USGS NOAA UKSA/DMC JAXA CNSA CONAE ISRO DLR INPE KARI EUMETSAT ROSCOSMOS DISASTER END USER (EU)
Activation Distribution (520+ in 120+ Countries)
Activations by Disaster Type Ice/Snow hazard 1% Storm/Hurricane 16% Earthquake 11% Landslide 4% Volcano 6% Oil spill 3% Fire 6% Others 2% Flood/Ocean wave 51% As of April 8, 2016 486 Charter Activations
Number of Activations November 2000 to December 2016: 517 Charter Activations 51 45 40 40 32 40 38 41 38 36 11 15 18 21 25 25 1 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2000-2016 Distribution of Activations by Hazard Type 25 20 Earthquake Landslide 15 Volcano Oil spill Others 10 5 Fire Flood/Ocean wave* Ice/Snow hazard 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 *Includes solid earth related phenomenon of a tsunami. **Includes all wind type storms (hurricane, cyclone, typhoon and tornado). As of December 21, 2016 517 Charter Activations
Mechanisms to Activate the Charter Direct activation: Authorized Users (AUs), all member space agencies and Countries approved by Charter Board, these are typically civil protection agencies, governmental relief organizations, or other authorities with a mandate related to disaster management. Activation via an Authorized User on behalf of a user from another country without AU: Authorized Users can access the Charter to request support for a disaster in another country with which they cooperate for relief purposes. Activation via the UN for UN users: The Charter has an agreement with UN OOSA (Vienna) and UNITAR/UNOSAT (Geneva) to provide support to UN agencies, may submit requests on behalf of users from the United Nations. Activation for Asia Pacific users via Sentinel Asia: Sentinel Asia is a regional collaboration for satellite based emergency response in Asia Pacific. Since 2009 the Charter has granted the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre the right to submit activation requests on behalf of national users of Sentinel Asia.
West Bengal Floods 2017 Satellite based Study
Flood Events In West Bengal during July and August 2017 During the last week of July 2017 heavy rains were reported in several parts of Burdwan, Murshidabad, Hugli, West Medinipur, East Medinipur, Birbhum and Howrah districts in West Bengal. It has been also reported that the most affected areas include Ghatal in West Medinipur, Pursura, Arambagh and Khanakool in Hugli and Amta and Udaynarayanpur in Howrah. The second wave of flood in the north Bengal happened due the heavy rainfall which happed during the 3 rd week of August. The maximum flood inundation was observed during the 17-18 of August.
South Bengal Floods Satellite Observations About 17% of Udaynarayanpur block and 28% of Amta-1 block were inundated Satellite image indicates the recession of flood inundation as on 1-Aug-2017
Flood Map North Bengal
Land Use / Land Cover
Floods in Bangladesh Aug 2017
Floods in Bangladesh Aug 2017
Floods in Bangladesh Aug 2017
Floods in Sri Lanka May 2017
Floods in Sri Lanka May 2017
Earthquake in Nepal April 2015 Requestor: China National Committee for Disaster Reduction on behalf of disaster emergency management agency in China. End User: MHA & ICIMOD (Nepal), NDRF & MHA (India), DFID (UK), COGIC (France), THW (Germany), EMERCOM (Russia), NGA and USGS (USA) Description of the Event: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal at 11:56 (local time) on 25 April 2015. The devastating earthquake has killed over eight thousand people in Nepal, and more than 70 in neighbouring India. The earthquake has been described as the worst disaster to affect Nepal in 80 years and the latest reports list a total of 7566 casualties, with twice that number injured. More than eight million people are affected by the earthquake. Data: Pleiades, Resurs-P, RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X, Landsat-8, RapidEye, Worldview1, Worldview2, GeoEye-1, Sentinel-1, GF1, ISS, RADARSAT-2, DMCii, CARTOSAT-1, CARTOSAT-2, RISAT-1, Resourcesat-2, LISS-3, LISS-4, AWIFS, ALOS-2, KOMPSAT-2, KOMPSAT-3, VRSS-1, ASTER and Theos-1.
South Asia Satellite Launched on 5th May 2017 by India Coverage over Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and India Applications: Broadcasting and telecommunication applications in member countries Emergency Communication during disaster Television/Directto-Home channels VSAT services e-governance & banking cellular backhaul Tele-medicine & Tele-education Secured Hotline Applications of common interest etc..
Conclusion Charter is an Excellent Collaboration among space agencies and private entrepreneurs to make space based resources available for planning, monitoring & assessment of disaster relief operations. It has Improved its Resources over the years: new Space Agencies joining as Charter partners, new satellites have been progressively integrated into the Charter constellation (16 Space Agencies) The Charter provides a «one-stop shop» for civil protection and emergency organizations at No Cost The Charter deals with the Immediate Response Phase only It is growing: 520+ disasters covered since 2000 in over 120+ countries worldwide. The Charter is now opening its doors even wider with Universal Access, and is available to National Disaster Mangement Agencies to benefit non-member countries.
International Charter Space and Major Disasters www.disasterscharter.org Thank You! Emergency enquiries from users requiring direct access to Charter resources should be addressed to: ExecutiveSecretariat@disasterscharter.org General requests for information should be addressed to: webmaster@disasterscharter.org