Aville online t www.sholrsreserhlirry.om Sholrs Reserh Lirry Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 (http://sholrsreserhlirry.om/rhive.html) ISSN 976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW Allelopthi Effets of Eulyptus mlulensis on See Germintion n Initil Growth of four rnge speies Mortez Seri 1, Aolfzl Dvri 1, Frjollh Trnin 2, Mojt Shhreki 3 n Elhm Shhreki 1 Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Zol, Irn. 2 Fulty of Nturl Resoures, University of Tehrn, Irn. 3 Deprtment of Agriulture, University of Zol, Irn. Expert of meiinl plnts in Jh Keshvrzi of Zhen, Irn. ABSTRACT This reserh ws rrie out to stuy llelopthi effet of eril n unergroun prt of Eulyptus mlulensis on germintion n erly growth seeling of Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine n Trifolium rigiom. The extrtion ws provie from eril n unergroun prt of Eulyptus mlulensis. Different onentrtions of this speies (, 25, 5, 75 n 1 %) ws provie y ing istille wter. Then ompletely rnomize esign with five tretments n four replitions ws use to nlyze the t. Results inite tht there were signifint ifferenes mong ll trits (germintion perentge, germintion spee, root length, shoot length, plnt length n see vigor inex) exept for germintion perentge in Vii villos (P<.1). Mens Comprison inite germintion perentge n spee n primry growth inies erese y inresing of extrt onentrtion. The highest germintion perentge n spee, length of ril n plumule n see vigority were elonge to ontrol tretment n the lowest length elonge to 1 % extrtion. Germintion n erly seeling growth of speies were reue signifintly y inrese of extrt onentrtion so tht Onoryhis stiv n Trifolium rigiom inite more sensitive to llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis. Keywors: Allelopthy, Eulyptus mlulensis, Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine, Trifolium rigiom. INTRODUCTION Allelopthy is efine s iret n iniret effets of llelohemil ompoun resulte from orgnism whih my hve inhiitor or stimultor effets on the sme or ifferent orgnism. In this proess, Synthesis of iologilly tive moleules proue y plnt n their resiue my onvert to other forms n influene on growth of similr or non similr plnts [6]. Allelopthy term ws introue y Molih in 1937. He efine it s reiprol effets of iohemil ompouns mong ll plnts n miroorgnism. More stuies on llelopthy were onute on germintion perentge n spee n flowe y erly seeling growth [13]. Plnts proue mny hemil ompouns in their growth perio. These ompouns relese in environment in form of gses n or y lehing from eril oy, leking from root n or eomposing plnt resies. Frequently llelopthy use erese in plnt growth more thn wht use y ompetition in plnts on sunlight, wter n nutrition [7]. Allelopthi ompouns restrit plnt growth through negtive intertions with importnt physiologil proesses suh s hnges in ell wll struture, prevention of ell ivision n tivity of some enzymes. These ompouns n lso ffet the equilirium of plnt hormones, pollen tue germintion, sorption of nutrient elements, isplement of stomt, Sholrs Reserh Lirry 152
Mortez Seri et l Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 photosynthesis, respirtion, protein synthesis, pigment, n hnges in DNA n RNA strutures [8]. Alellopthi effet of Umellifere fmily on lotus ws verifie y [12, 1] investigte the llelopthi effet of Artemisi nnu on reroot pigwee (Amrntus retroflexus), ommon lmsqurters (henopoium lum), soyen (Glyine mx) n orn (Ze mys). They reporte tht this speies h inhiitor effet on stuie plnt n it use erese on weight of eril prts. The effets of four lettue (Ltu stiv) ultivr lef extrts were exmine on rnyr grss. It ws reporte tht lef resiues of lettue inhiite root n shoot fresh weights y 88% n 79%, respetively [25]. Inhiitory effets of Justii nsellin (Nees) T. Anerson on Vign unguiult (L.) ws teste y [5]. They foun tht ll isolte ompouns otine from Justii nsellin showe n inhiitory effet on the three prmeters mesure on Vign unguiult germintion (rte of germintion, shoot length, n fresh weight). [9] reporte tht queous extrts of Thymus kotshynus h onsierle inhiitory effet on germintion of Bromus tomentellus n Trifolium repens. [1, ] lso stuie the llolopthi effet of Thymus kotshynus on Ahille milefolium n Snguisor minor respetively. Euphori fmily lso is one of the other llelopthi plnts. [2] reporte tht Euphori geniult, E. hirt n E. mirophyll exhiite inhittion in germintion perentge in initil stge of tritium estivum. Eulyptus mlulensis is one of the most importnt plnts use to prevent soil erosion n to reover the plnt over in stuie re. This plnt lso use in frmln s winrek n meil plnt. In stuie re whih onsiste of 6 he, mny plnts (rnge speies, ultivtle n meil plnt) were ultivte se on ifferent gols. Unerstning llelopthi effet of plnts on eh other helps mngers orretly to pln their vegettive projets for restoring n rehilitting of estrutive environments. The ojetive of this reserh ws to investigte the llelopothi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on germintion n erly seeling growth of four rnge speies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aeril n unergroun prts of Eulyptus mlulensis were ollete from Chh Nime, Zol, Irn. After ir rying t room temperture, 5 g of power were pike n mixe in 1 ml wter n ple on shker for 2 h n then entrifuge t 3g for 15 min. The otine mixture ws filtere using Whtmn 1 filter pper. Conentrtions of 25, 5, 75 n 1% were prepre using the entrifuge solution n effet of these onentrtions were teste on Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine, Trifolium rigiom. Distille wter ws use s ontrol tretment. Plnt sees were first isinfete using 1% solution of soium hypohlorite then wshe with istille wter severl times. Plsti Petri ishes were lso sterilize for 2 h in the oven t 15 C. Then 25 isinfete sees were ple into Petri ishes with 9 m filter pper (Whtmn 1) n sprye 5 ml of eh extrts. The germintion test ws performe using ompletely rnomize esign with four tretments with four replitions (25 sees per replition).the experiment ws onute t see eophysiology lortory, eprtment of rnge n wtershe mngement, Zol university in July 211. Germinte sees of more thn 2mm length were ounte eh y over 1 ys n the germintion perentge, germintion spee, root length, shoot length, plnt length n see vigour inex were mesure. Germintion perentge [11], germintion spee [1] n see vigor inex [2] were lulte se on the following equtions: G GP = N (1) Germintion perentge: 1 where Gp is germintion perentge, G is the numer of germinte sees n N is the numer of sees. (2) Germintion spee: GR = where S i is the numer of germinte see t eh ounting, D i is the numer of y until n ounting n n is the numer of ounting. n i= 1 (3) Vigour inex = Totl germintion perentge Plnt length. () Plnt length = Root length + Shoot length. The ollete t were nlyze using MSTAT-C n men omprison ws performe using Dunn s Multiple Rnge Test. Figures were rwn y exel. S i D i Sholrs Reserh Lirry 153
Mortez Seri et l Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 RESULTS Results of nlysis of vrine inite tht extrt of Eulyptus mlulensis h signifint effet on germintion n erly seeling growth of Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine, Trifolium rigiom (Tles 1, 2, 3 n ). Tle 1. Vrine nlysis of stuie trits of Vii villos Properties ss f ms F Germintion perentge 57 12.5.95 ns Germintion spee 12.1 3. 6.8 ** Root length 98.9 2.5 88 ** Shoot length 18.6.6 16.1 ** Plnt length 21.3 5.3 58.7 ** See vigority 17699.8 28.7 22. ** **: signifint ifferenes etween tretments t 1% level; ns: non-signifint ifferene etween tretments. Tle 2. Vrine nlysis of stuie trits of Onoryhis stiv Properties ss f ms Germintion perentge 2 6 Germintion spee 11.9 2.9 Root length 3.1.7 Shoot length 1.6. Plnt length 9.1 2.2 See vigority 83518.2 2879.5 **: signifint ifferenes etween tretments t 1% level. F 5.2 ** 12.6 ** 16.2 ** 22. ** 3.3 ** 1.2 ** Tle 3. Vrine nlysis of stuie trits of Festu runine Properties ss f ms Germintion perentge 658 165 Germintion spee 2.1.5 Root length 31.5 7.8 Shoot length 52.8 13.2 Plnt length 16.3 1.8 See vigority 69322.5 173355.6 **: signifint ifferenes etween tretments t 1% level. F 51.9 ** 59.3 ** 22.3 ** 36.9 ** 98.9 ** 122.9 ** Tle. Vrine nlysis of stuie trits of Trifolium rigiom Properties ss f ms Germintion perentge 18 262 Germintion spee 5.9 1. Root length 26.6 6.6 Shoot length 13.2 3.3 Plnt length 76.9 19.2 See vigority 371669.2 92917.3 **: signifint ifferenes etween tretments t 1% level. F 18.7 ** 8.6 ** 1.8 ** 19. ** 16.5 ** 2.3 ** Germintion perentge Men omprison inite tht germintion perentge in ll speies erese y inresing the onentrtion. There ws signifint ifferenes mong germintion perentge t ll speies exept for Vii villos (P>.1). The highest germintion perentge ws elonge to ontrol tretment n the lowest one elonge to 1 % extrtion (fig. 1). Germintion spee Effet of ifferent extrt onentrtions of Eulyptus mlulensis ws signifine on germintion spee so tht germintion spees of Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine, Trifolium rigiom erese y inresing of onentrtion. The highest n lowest germintion spee ws elonge to ontrol n 1 % extrtion respetively (fig. 2). Sholrs Reserh Lirry 15
Mortez Seri et l Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 9 8 7 Vii villos Onoryhis stiv Festu runine Trifolium rigiom Germintion(%) 6 5 3 2 1 25 5 75 1 Conentrtion(%) Figure 1. omprison the llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on germintion perentge of stuie speies. 7 6 Vii villos Onoryhis stiv Festu runine Trifolium rigiom Germintion spee(see/y) 5 3 2 1 25 5 75 1 Conentrtion(%) Figure 2. Comprison the llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on germintion spee of stuie speies. Root length, shoot length n plnt length Figures 3, n 5 inite tht there is signifint ifferenes mong length of root, shoot n seeling respetively (p<.1). Results inite tht length of root, shoot n plnt length erese y inresing of extrt onentrtion (figs. 3, n 5). Sholrs Reserh Lirry 155
Mortez Seri et l Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 9 8 7 Vii villos Onoryhis stiv Festu runine Trifolium rigiom 6 Root lenght(m) 5 3 2 1 25 5 75 1 Conentrtion(%) Figure 3. Comprison the llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on root length of stuie speies. 6 5 Vii villos Onoryhis stiv Festu runine Trifolium rigiom Shoot lenght(m) 3 2 1 25 5 75 1 Conentrtion(%) Figure. Comprison the llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on shoot length of stuie speies. Sholrs Reserh Lirry 156
Mortez Seri et l Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 16 1 12 Vii villos Onoryhis stiv Festu runine Trifolium rigiom Plnt lnght(m) 1 8 6 e 2 25 5 75 1 Conentrtion(%) Figure 5. Comprison the llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on plnt length of stuie speies. See vigor inex Effet of ifferent extrt onentrtions of Eulyptus mlulensis were signifine on See vigour inex so tht see vigority of Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine, Trifolium rigiom erese y inresing of onentrtion. The highest n lowest see vigority ws elonge to ontrol n 1 % extrtion respetively (figure 6). 1 12 1 Vii villos Onoryhis stiv Festu runine Trifolium rigiom See vigor 8 6 2 25 5 75 1 Conentrtion(%) Figure 6. Comprison the llelopthi effet of Eulyptus mlulensis on see vigour inex of stuie speies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results inite tht eril n unergroun extrt of Eulyptus mlulensis oul ffet on germintion n erly seeling growth of Vii villos, Onoryhis stiv, Festu runine n Trifolium rigiom. Trifolium Sholrs Reserh Lirry 157
Mortez Seri et l Annls of Biologil Reserh, 213, (1):152-159 rigiom n Onoryhis stiv showe more sensitivity to llelopthi effets of Eulyptus mlulensis thn those of other speies. Inrese in extrt onentrtion h signifint effet on erese of stuie prmeters in four speies whih oinie with the reserh of [9, 15, 17, 22, 23, 26]. Derese of germintion n e use y inhiitive effet of lleohemihl ompouns on hormones espeilly gierellin. Stopping of germintion uring germintion perio my lso e euse of hnging in enzyme tivities whih restrite the onversion of nutritive ompouns [3]. Dely or stimulte in using nutritive mtter n use lk of Proution of Respirle Vesiles n finlly result in lk of ATP in sees expose to llelohemil ompouns. [21] stte tht metoli energy restrite y isorer in respirtion rte n onsequently erese the erly growth of seeling. Rile n plumule re the first orgns emerge from the see n expose to llelopti mtter sine it n e preitle tht their growth erese when they expose to llelopthi ompouns. Inrese in extrt onentrtion erese the length of plumule n put stop on it t the highest level of extrt (1 %). Derese in plumule length n use y inhiiting in ell ivision n elongtion n or eresing in hormones suh s eti i n gierellin. Consequently these my use short n wekness seelings n then erese the estlishment of them. [2] stte tht erese in plumule n rile length might e euse of eresing in ell ivision. Allelohemil erese mount of fusion oxine in roots [23]. These ompouns erese the growth y hinering nutritive sorption n or interfering in respirtion [7]. Chemil mtter with llelopti impt influenes the germintion n erly seeling growth y two wys. First, they hiner the ell ivision n seon they inhiit the elongtion of ells [18]. [15] reporte tht mny of llelopthi ompoun oul erese stimulte effet of hormones suh s gierellin n eti i. Furthermore llelopthi ompoun oul isorer in vitl tivities of plnts y other mehnisms suh s restrition of nutritive sorption [11], isorer in respirtion, oxitive phosphoryltion n photosynthesis [18]. Aoring to this reserh Eulyptus mlulensis hve llelopthi effet on stuie speies n it n mge germintion n erly seeling growth of plnte sees. Beuse of importnt of primry growth stge on estlishment of pnt, it suggeste tht the mentione plnts on t ultivte with Eulyptus mlulensis. Eulyptus mlulensis hve mei vlues n nnot e eliminte from the stuie re hene we must pursuit the proper wy to eliminte the llopthi effet of this speies on the others. This experiment ws onute in lortory onition therefore it suggests tht more reserh oul e rrie out in greenhouse onition euse in nturl onition the results my hnge s result of ifferenes in growth onitions. It lso suggeste tht more investigtion out the llelopthi effet of this speies shoul e rrie out on the other speies. REFERENCES [1] A Frjollhi, B Gholinej, A Rhimi, H Pouzesh, Annls of Biologil Reserh, 212, 3 (5):2368-2372. [2] AA Any, Critil Review in Plnt Siene.1999, 18: 697-739. [3] AA El-Khti, AK Hegzy, HK Gl, Annles Botnii Fennii. 2, 1:37-5. [] B Gholinej, A Frjollhi, H Pouzesh, H Jonii Jffri, Annls of Biologil Reserh, 212, 3 (8):3978-3983. [5] DS Kpoviessi, F Ggui, JD Genou, JD Aromessi, M H, M Mouhiou, J. Quetin-lelerro, J Nt Sus, 26, 1: 12 19 [6] DS Seigler, Agron. J. 1996, 88: 876-885. [7] EL Rie, Allelopthy (2n eition). Aemi press, Newyork. 198, 575 P. [8] Glss ADM. J. Exp. Bot. 197, 25: 11-1113. [9] H Sfri, A Tvili, M Seri, Front. Agri. Chin, 21, (): 75 8. [1] ID Mguirw, Crops Si. 1962, 2: 176-177. [11] J Cmerto, B Mrty, Irrigtion wter qulity: prt I. Slinity. South CrolinTurfgrss Fountion New. 1999, 6: 6-8. [12] J Lyon, JR Tesle, PK Chen, Wee Si. 1997, 5: 87-811. [13] M Ben-hmmou, H Ghorl, RJ kremer, O. Oueslti, Agronomy. 21, 21: 65-71. [1] M Ghornli, Gh Bkhshi Khniki, A.A. Shojei, Pjouhesh & Sznegi. 28, 79: 129-13. [15] M Soltni poor, A Morshhi, M Rezei, B Kholerin, M Brzneh, Journl of Biology, 26, 19: 19-28. [16] M Tomszewski, KV Thimnn, Plnt Physiol, 1966, 1: 13-15. [17] MA Turk, AM Twh, Pk. J. Agron. 22, 1: 28-3. [18] PC Bhwmik, JD Doll, J. Chem. Eol, 1983, 9: 1263-128. [19] PC Bhwmik, JD. Doll, Agron. Journl., 1982, 7, 61-66.. [2] R Agrvl, See tehnology. Oxfor n IBH Pulishing Co, 25, 829 pp. [21] R Bogtek, A Gnizowk, J Stepien, E. Kupilowsk, Alelopthy Congress, 25, -7 My, Austrli. Pp. 277-279. [22] S Azirk, S Krmn, At Agriulture Sninvi. 28, 58: 88-92. [23] S Drier, SR Youssef, Ann Appl. 2, 136 :273-279. Sholrs Reserh Lirry 158
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