sszhni_ hpw ]m]hnap nbpw - PDF Free Download

AhcpsS lrzbßfn Hcp tcmkap mbncp p. ]ns A mlp Ah v AhcpsS tcmkßƒ h n n p. Ah I w ]d p sim ncp ImcWØm Ah v thz\mp\iamb in e`n p XmWv. \nßƒ `qanbn \miap m cpsx v AhtcmSv ]dbs Sptºmƒ Rßƒ \ {]h Øn p h am{xamsw v Ah ]dbpw. (2:12) A_q lpssdd(d)bn \n v \nthz\w: \_n Xncpta\n(k) Acpfn: m\w P\ßfn \n v \jvss Spw. A Xbpw Ipg hpw {]Xy s Spw. ldpv h n pw. At mƒ Hcmƒ tnzn p. A mlphns ZqXtc, F mwv ldpv? \_n(k) ssi A\ nbn v Cßs\ BwKyw ImWn p. AXv I t mƒ Xncpta\n (k) simebmwv Dt±in sx v a\ nembn. (_pjmcn) sszhni_ hpw ]m]hnap nbpw ]m]w bym YØn Hcp hnjamwv. a\pjy\v sszhtømsp A\pkcWhpw sszhtømsp Bthi ]q Wamb kvt\lhpw kvt\tlmzmcamb sszhkvacwbpw C msx hcnibpw AXn `mkylo\\mbn XocpIbpw snøptºmgmwv AXp mip Xv. Hcp hr w `qanbn \n v thtcmss IS]pgIn howm AXn\v `qanbn \n p Pew hens Sp m Ignbp X. AXv Zn\w {]Xn hmsnbpwßnt mhpibpw AXns F m ] pw AXn\v \jvss p t mhpibpw snøpw. GsXmcp lrzbhpw A mlphnt\msp kvt\løn \n v thcdp s Sp pthm AbmfpsS \nebpw CXv Xs bmwv. Npcp Øn DW hr søsb t]mse ]m]w HcmfpsS lrzbsø A[o\s SpØn fbp p. (kndmpp±o Cukmbn si Nm khmtemw Im Phm_v) 4

apkvenw ZpchÿbpsS DØchmZnIƒ Deam m im nbpssbpw Ipeo\XbpsSbpw [m ani {]_p XbpsSbpw axamwv Ckvemw. ]t Ckvemans Cu kzxz KpWw s]mxp kaqløn\v apºn th t]mse {]IminXambn n F Xv Hcp bmym YyamWv. am{xa Ckvemw GsXm mtwm AcpsX v ]d Xv AXns sb mw h m fmbn Ckvemw axhpw apkvenwifpw Adnbs SpIbpw snøp p. Ckvemw F ]ZØns A Yw Xs im n, kam[m\w Fs ms bmsw ]cnkw\t]mepw apkvenwiƒ v e`n p n. CXn\v hn]coxambn "CkvemanI Xo{hhmZw' "CkvemanIv t_mw_v' apxemb Ckvemapambn kamkn p ]dbp \nch[n ]ZmhenIƒ {]NmcØnep Xmbpw \mw ImWp p. s]mxp kaqlßfn Ckvemans\ ] nbp Cu sx n mcw Fßs\bp mbn Xo bmbpw Ckvemant\mSv ]Ibpw hntzzjhpap h ImemImeßfnembn t_m[]q hw Ckvemans\Xnsc sx n mcw ]cønbn p v. ]t Cu Ahÿ temiøv ]cøm apkvenwifpss ]e \ne]mspifpw klmbiambn p v F XmWv hmkvxhw. ]pdøv \n v Bbncw hna ii m hcpøn sh p hn\tb mƒ KpcpXcamWv Ckvemans AIØv \n p Hcp Benw Ckvemans t]cn \SØp sx n cn n epiƒ. AXns G hpw ]pxnb DZmlcWamWv s] Ip niƒ v hnzym`ymkw snøm A\phZn Wsa v ]d aeme F sim p s] Ip nsb shsnsh v sim v Xmen_m Deam m \SØnb ^XvhIƒ. Ckvemw, `cwiqsw ]nsns Sp m\p Hcp cmjv{sob kac {]ÿm\amsw pw PnlmZv AXns am KamsW pw CkvemtaXc `cwiqsßsf s]mdp n n F pw am IvknksØbpw ^mkn ksøbpw A\pIcn v Ckvemans\ Zp hymjym\w snøp h Ckvemw kam[m\øns axamsw v F{X D Øn ]d mepw a p hcn AXv bmsxmcp A\pIqe {]XnIcW hpap m n. Ahsc ] nbmwv Jp B ]d Xv: \nßƒ `qanbn \miap m cpsx v AhtcmSv ]dbs Sptºmƒ, Rßƒ \ {]h Øn q h am{xamsw h ]dbpw. AdnbpI! Xo bmbpw Ah Xs bmwv \miimcniƒ. ]t Cu bmym Yyw Ah {Kln p n. (2:12,13) ChnSpsØ apkvenwifpss hnzym`ymk ]nt m mhÿbpss Ncn{Xw FSpØp t\m q. BcmWv apkvenw ]nt m mhÿ v DØchmZnIƒ Ac\q m p Imew apºv ChnsS `cn {_n ojpimcmtwm? A\ cw C y `cn A\nkvemanI Kh sa pifmtwm? Ahtc msf mw apkvenw ]nt m mhÿ v ImcWambXv kz w Deam mcpss ^XvhIfmsW v \mw Xncn dntb Xp v. Ct mƒ Ahcn ]ecpw Cw ojv aounbw kviqfpifpssbpw timtfppifpssbpw \SØn pimcmwv. F nepw Hcp kapzmbsø apgph ]nt m mcmbn am nb Ncn{X]camb sx n\v Cu Deam mc msx a mcmwv DØchmZnIƒ? DZmlcWØn\v \ΩpsS ticføn 1930 am v 17 \v aæm msv tn kakvx ticf PwCøØp DeabpsS ktωf\øn kv{xoiƒ FgpØv ]Tn p Xns\Xnsc ]m m nb {]tabw t\m q. ""kv{xoiƒ FgpØv ]Tn aivdqlmsw pw a pw ]te alm mcmb Deam m Xocpam\n p Xn\m Ah v IsøgpØv ]Tn n {]txyiw ]msn møxmsw v Cu tbmkw Xocpam\n p p. kn. si aplωzv auehn AhXcn n p. F. ]n AlvaZv Ip n auehn ]n mßn'' (A _bm Ad_n aebmfw amkni ]pkvxiw:1 e w:5). ""hmbn pi''f BZy shfn]msndßnb Hcp axøns A\pbmbnIfpsS B[nImcnI kwls\ ]pds Sphn ^XvhbmWnsXt m Ww! kakvxbpss aæm m Ims AtX tbmkønemwv AlvaZnIfS w ]e apkvenw kwls\itfbpw _lnjv cn m Blzm\ap mbxv. B {]tabw Cßs\bmWv: "tn q ssi m, simt m n ssi m, JmZnbm\nIƒ, hlm_niƒ apxembhcpss Zp hnizmk \S]SnIƒ Alvep kp Øn h PamAØns kpμcamb hnizmktømsv tihew amdmi sim v AhcpsS hnizmk \S]SnItfmSv ]n pscepw AhtcmSv Iq psi pw kp n apkvenwiƒ v tihew ]msp Xs v Cu tbmkw Xo s SpØp p.' (]WvUnX ticfw. t]pv 132) Deam sf ] n Aw_nbm mcpss ]n pd mcmsw v dkq Xncpta\n (k) ]d n p v.b dkq Xncpta\n(k) BImiØn\v Iogn G hpw \nirjvs PohnIƒ Deam mcmsw pw ]d n p v. {]kvxpx Deam m GXv ] Øv \n p p \njv] axniƒ Nn n s. 5

bpki_vzw Camap am (ImeØns Camw) F v Bsc pdn mwv ]dbs SpI F XmWv ChnsS Db p hcp {][m\ {]iv\w. B Camans e Wßƒ Fs ms bmwv? B Caman\v a p ap lapifn \n pw(shfn]msv e`n p h ) kz]v\ Z inifn \n pw Iiv^v AYhm BXva Z i\ßƒ D mip hcn \n pw Fs mw ta IfmWp Xv? Cu tnmzyøn\p adp]sn CXmWv. GsXmcmfpsS BXvaobin Ww A mlp Xs ta t\m w snøpibpw, temisøßpap _p nimen Isfbpw XØz m\nisfbpw F mhn[ønepw kwh Zn v Iogvs SpØpamdv CamaØns Znhy {]Imiw A m lp GsXmcmfn \nt n]n pibpw snøp pthm B hy nbmwv Camap am F t]cn\v A l\mbncn p h. At±lw sszhøn \n v i n t\sns m v F mhn[ Ønep kq vam kq vaßfmb Bt ]ßƒ pw DZmØamb coxnbn adp]sn \ Ip p. At±lØns {]IrXn temiøn\p kwkv cw kma{knifpambmwv Cu hgnømhføn hs Ønbncn p sx Xn\m, bmsxmcp i{xphns ap nepw At±lØn\v e nx\mti nhcp X. BXvaobamb \nebn At±lw aplωzo ssk\nicpss tk\m[n]xn Bbncn p XmWv. At±lØns ssibm, Zo\n\p ]p\ hnpbw kn n psa Xv sszhlnxambncn pw. At±lØns simsn ogn AWn\nc p F mh pw D XInSbnep i n {]Zm\w snøs Sp Xmbncn pw. kwkv c WØn\mhiyamb F m D]m[nIfpw Bt ]ßƒ ZqcoIcn p Xn\pw Ckvemans alxzßƒ hnhcn s Sp Xn\pw Bhiyambn p F m m\ßfpw At±lØn\v {]Zm\w snøs n p mbncn pw. AtXmsSm w At±lØn\v Cu temiønse kwkv mc iq\y mscbpw Zp `mjw mscbpw t\cnts nhcpsa v A mlp Adnbp Xn\m At±lØns kz`mhkp Wßfpw AXyp IrjvS]Zhnbnep Xmbncn pw. a\pjy kaqlønt\msp BXvam Yamb klm\p`qxn At±lØns lrzbøn Xnßn \nd ncn pw. kz`mhkpwßfpss t{ijvtxzw F Xv sim v F mbv t mgpw At±lw im X ssisim Wsa Dt±in s Sp Xv. Fs m CXv kz`mhta bpss bp n m\ßƒ v \nc møxmwv. AXns A Yw lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) BcmWv Camap am? CXmIp p. k pnnx _p nbmb Hcmƒ i{xp fpssbpw kwkv mciq\ycptsbpw hm piƒ ti v s]s v tcmjmipe\mipibpw hnimcm[o\\mb \nebn `mhm cw {]ISam pibpw apjøv t{im[w F dnb s Sp ITn\ in bpss ASbmfßƒ AhnlnXamb cq]øn shfns SpØpIbpw tim]xm]ßfpss hm piƒ apjøv \n v AdnbmsXbpw A\hkc Ønepw DXn pibpw snøp Xpt]mse D IrjvS kz`mhap hcn Cu Ahÿ D mhp n. F m ÿehpw kμ `hpw A\pkcn p bp n\s]sn Ft mwhpw Nnet mƒ Hcp NnIn F \nebnepw ISpØ ]Zßƒ {]tbmkn t nhcp XmWv. F m Cu ISpØ ]Zßƒ D]tbmKnt nhcptºmƒ AbmfpsS lrzbw ]I pitbm tim]mipe\mipitbm hmbn \pcbpw ]Xbpw {]Xy s SpItbm snøp X. Nnet mƒ tim]w ]pdøv {]ISn nt nhcp sa nepw lrzbw im hpw kzÿhpw {]k hp ambncn pw. CtX ImcWØmemWv Cukm \_n (A) v Xs A`ntbmKnItfmSv A[nIambpw ISpØ ]Zßƒ D]tbmKnt n h Xv. ] niƒ, \mbv ƒ, AhnizmknIƒ, Zp hrø XpSßnb ]Zßƒ At±lw D]tbmKn pibp mbn. F met±lw DØa kz`mh KpWßƒ Fs dnbmø Bfmbncp p F v \ap v ]d piqsm. Fs m At±lw t{ijvtamb kz`mh kwkvirxn F msw v ]Tn n p t]mcpibpw im `mhw \njv jn pibpw snøp Bft{X. F m At±lØns apjøv \n pw ]pds pt]m ISpØ hm piƒ tim]m thiømep {`m amb tcmj{]is\ambncp n. AhbmIs h n im XtbmSpIqSnb XWpØ lrzbøn \n pw AhktcmNnXambn DXn p how hm pifmbncp p. Npcp Øn kz`mh {]IrXnbn ]q WX ssihcn pi F Xv Camaoßsf kw_ nt nstømfw A\pt] WobamIp p. {`m amb tcmj{]is\ tømspiqsnb msx Bhiya\pkcn pw AhktcmNn Xambpw ISpØ ]Zßƒ {]tbmkn m AXv kz`mh ta bpss \ntj[ambncn p X. A mlp Ahs ssiifm Camam s Sp HcmfpsS {]IrXn Xs Camans ssnx\yw Dƒs m p Xm nam pw F kwkxn FSpØp ]dtb nbncn p p. (kdqdøp Camw) 6

JpXzv_ hnpb-øn\v Xym-K-ßƒ A\n-hm-cyw cminifp BImisØ sim v kxyw. hmkvzøw snøs \mfns\ sim pw kxyw. km nsb sim pw, km yw hln p Bsf sim pw kxyw. InS-ßns DSaÿ AYhm hndin v IØn s AKv\nbpsS DSaÿ \in s. kxyhnizmknitfmsv Ah snbvxp sim ncn p snbvxniƒ v km nifmbpw sim v Ah AXn\cnsI Ccn pibmbncp t mƒ. {]Xm]hm\pw kvxpxy l\p amb A mlphn Ah hnizkn p p sh Xn\ msx Ah Ahsc shdpøncp n. BImi ßfpsSbpw `qanbpssbpw B[n]Xyw D h\s{x Ah. A mlp kie ImcyØn\pw km nbmip p. kxyhnizmkn Isfbpw kxyhnizmkn\nisfbpw ]oun n pibpw F n v ] mø]n mxncn pibpw snøp hcmtcm Ah v \ciin bp mipw. Fcn pifbp in bmwv Ah p m IpI. kxyøn hnizkn pibpw k I aßf\pjvtn pibpw snbvx hcmis, Ah v XmgvhmcØpIqsS AcphnIsfmgpIp Bcmaßƒ (26 10 2012 \v Jeo^Øp akolv ss_øp ^pxq ln (e ) \n hln PpapA JpXzv-_-bp-sS- kw- {Klw.) e`n p XmWv. AXs{X alømb hnpbw. (kqd-øp _pdqpv 2-12) kqdøp _pdqpnse hn\ß fmwnh. CXn Ckv emans bym Y A[ym]\ßƒ F m ImeØpw \ne \n p XmsW v ]dbp txm ssm w Ckvemans ]p\cp mcwøn \mbn hmkvzø akolns BK-a-\- sø pdn pw hmkvzø akoln s\bpw At±lØns PamAØn s\bpw i{xp sfbpw FXncmfn Isfbpw Ipdn v ]d psim v At±lØns PamAØwKßsf XymKØn\v Xømdm nbncn pibpw snbvxncn p p. PamAØwKßƒ {]bmkßƒ kln m XømdmIW sa pw Hcp Zo LImew hsc Cßs\bp {]bmkßƒ D mip sa pw AXns\ t\cnsm k cmi Wsa pw CXn DW Øp p. F m CsX mw I psim v A mlp an mxncn n. adn v Hcp Imewhcpw. A v hnizmknisf ]oun n p h \ciøns in A\p-`-hn- p Xmbncn pw. GsXmc Kv\nbn AlvaZnIsf X nhnsm\pw GsXm-c n Alva-Zn-Iƒs -Xnsc IØn phm\pw Ch {ian- pthm AXnt\ mfpw i -amb AKv\nbn Ch shs cnbp XmWv. Alva ZnIƒ v th n, hnizmkniƒ pw hnizmkn\niƒ pw th n kz K ßƒ e`n p XmWv. PamAØn\v, Cu temiøv e`n p hnpbøns kphm Ø CXn AS-ßn-bn- p v. Hmtcm hnizmkn pap kz KØns kphm Øbpw CXn Dƒs Sp p. \mw Cu hn\ßsf Ipdn v Iqe iambn Nn n p t\m ptºmƒ hnip Jp Bs kxykm y Øn ZrV hnizmkw h n p txmssm w Xncp\_n(k)bpsS kxy km yøn hni-zmkw A[nIcn p p. A mlphns AkvXn 7

XzØnep hnizmkønepw ZrV m\ønepw h \hv hcnibpw snøp p. Ah 1500 h jßƒ v apºv Hcp ImcysØ pdn v {]hn\w \SØpIbpw AXns bym Y Nn{Xw hc v ImWn pibpw snbvxp. AsX mw AtXt]mse ]q ØnbmIp Xv ImWpIbpw snøp p. Ckvemw F m ImeØpw ] p Xmbn \ne\n p XmWv. AXv Ipd {]tziøpw tzihmknifnepw BsW nepw icn. ChnsS Ckvemw \ne\n psa v kamizkn n p p. AXv AtX t]msexs ]pecpibpw snøp p. AtXm ssm w Hcp hmkvzø ]pcpjs BKa\sØ pdn v kphm Ø \ Ip p. At±lw Xncp\_n(k) bpss ktμiw ]cnanxamb P\ßfn tem ÿeßfntem am{xw HXp n \n ØmsX- - ImcWw apºp app±nzp amcpss ImeØv Aßs\bmbncp p adn v At±lw temiw apgph\pw F m kapzmbßƒ nsbnepw B ktμisø hym]n n psim v Xncp\_n (k)bpss kxykm yøns Xnf w temiøv ImWn p simsp p XmWv. Cu {]hn\hpw {]kvxpx hn\ßfn \ap v ImWm km[n p XmWv. akolv auduzn(a)s PamA Øn Dƒs \mw `mkyhm mcmwv. B almxvamhv h Xv alm\mb aivlqzns (km yw \ Is Sp hy nbpss) kxysø temiøv sxfnbn p Im m\pw Xncp\_n(k) bpss {]h Ø\ßsf apt m v sim pt]mim\pamwv. Xncp\_n(k) bpss kxykm yw temiøv {]Imin n m A mlp At±lsØ Xs A\p{KlØm Ab XmWv. Xs hmkvzm\{]imcamwv Ab Xv. hnip Jp Bs at\mlc A ym]\ ßfpsS kxykm yw, AXns G hpw Hu XyØnep ÿm\w F nh temiøv ÿm]n p ImWn m\mwv A mlp At±lsØ Ab Xv. At±lw Ckveman IS piqsnbn p F m sx mb Imcy ßfpw _nzvaøpifpw AI n Ckvemans at\mlc ktμisø temiøns ka w ka n m \mwv h Xv. B almxvamhv Xncp\_n (k)bpss D X ÿm\ amlmxvayßƒ temiøns apºmsi ka n p Ibp mbn. lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A)s hmzøn\p apºv Ckvemans Ahÿ I psim v P\ßƒ Hcp imlnzns\ Bhiys psim ncn p Ibmbncp p. Ckvemant\mSv kvt\l ap h Akzÿcmbncp p. lmen F Ihn ]mspibp mbn. dlm Zo\v _m n \ Ckvemav _m n Ckvemav Im dlvkbm CIv \mav _m n. axhpw Ckvemapw C mxmbncn p p. Ckvem ans t]cp am{xw Ahtijn ncn p p. Cu Hcp hnem]w HcmfptSXp am{xambncp n. adn v hnhn[ ÿeßfn \n v hnhn[ hm pifneqss Cu hnem]w DbcpI bp mbn. lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A) Imew Bhiys t mgmwv h Xv. lzvdøv akolv auduzv(a) hmzn ImetØ v am{xambncp n B almxvamhns Bhiyw, adn v C pw Hcp ]cnjvi Ømhns\, Xncp\_n(k)bpsS bym Y t{]ansb temiw At\zjn p sim ncn p IbmWv. kzv{]irxcmb Hmtcmcp ØcpsSbpw i w Bsc nepw h v apkvenw DΩØns\ kwkvicn ncp psh n F mwv. Npcp Øn lzvdøv akolv auduzv (A)s\ Ckvemans ]p\cp mcwøn\mbmwv A mlp Ab Xv F Imcyw Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw \ Xpt]mse Adnbp p. AlvaZnIƒ am{xa, kzv{]irxcmb A\ycpw AlvaZnøm PamAØv H p am{xamwv Ckvemans\ tkhn p I Øhyw bym Y A YØn \n hln p sx v kωxn p p. C meøv Xncp\_n(k)bpsS kxyøn\v km yw hln p Xv lzvdøv akolv auduzv(a) am{xamwv. CXn\v DZmlcWw as hnssbpw e`n n. At±lw \ Inbncn p A ym]\ Øns ASnÿm\Øn B almxvam hn\m ÿm]nxamb PamAØmWv Xncp\_n(k)s Xncn hcp Hmtcm ssiisfbpw XSbp Xn\pw Ak`yw ]peºp Hmtcm \mhns\bpw XSbp Xn\pw th n icnbmb coxnbn {]XnIcn p Xv. a p apkvenwifpss {]XnIcWw GXp coxnbnep XmWv? AXv Ckvemans i{xpi n Iƒ v Ckvemans\Xncn i n m\pw hmbbn hcp Xv hnfn p ]dbm\pw ]cnlkn m\pw Ahkcw \ IpIbmWv snøp Xv. ImcWw ]fin Xh Kw Cu coxnbnep ^Xvh IfmWv \ Ins m ncn p Xv. Ah cpss ^XvhIƒ sime pw sim n sh n\pap ^XvhIfmWv. kz w \m n AhcpsS Xs kzøp ƒ IØn m\pw kz w BfpIsfØs h[n m\pw th nbp XmWv. CXmWv AhcpsS {]XnIcWw. F m Alv aznifpss {]XnIcWw ImWptºmƒ, Ckvemans icnbmb A ym]\ßƒ AlvaZnIfn \n v tiƒ n ptºmƒ, \oxnt_m[ap, am\yxbp Aap kvenwifn Nne \mwn p XeXmgv ØpIbpw Xncp\_n(k)sb ]cnlkn p hscbpw Ak`yw ]dbp h scbpw A]e]n pibpw snøp p. Ign Znhkw Hcp ]cn]msn sb pdn p dnt m v e`n pibp mbn. Hcp ÿeøv Hcp ]cn]msn \S pibmwv. dnt m v Ab AlvaZn FgpXp p. B ]cn]msnbn Hcp {InkvXy kv{xo h v Xncp\_n (k)sb ]pigvøns m v kwkmcn pibp mbn. AXp ti t mƒ Fs IÆpIƒ \nd p. Xncp\_n (k)bpss bym Y ÿm\amlmxv aysø AhcpsS Xs kz pifn FØn p BfpIsf A mlp Ahcn \n v Xs D m nbn cn p p. F mbnsøpw Htc coxnbn ep BfpIf D mhpi. \ hcpw D mipw. tamis hcpap mipw. AXn\m \ΩpsS {]XnIcWw temiøn\v hy am ns msp t XmWv. Xncp\_n(k)bpsS ]hn{x PohnXsØ temiøn\p shfns SpØns mspøp sim mwv AlvaZnIƒ {]XnIcn p Xv. Ckvem ans at\mlc A ym]\w temi Øn\p apºmsi ka n pi. temi Øns bym Y c I Cu Hcp {]hmni\msw v temitømsv Xpd p ]dbww. Ckvemans A ym]\ ßfmWv ]q Whpw kºq Whpamb A ym]\ßsf v temitømsv ]dtb nbncn p p. A mlphn te v \sω sim pt]mim hgnim Wn p Xcp A ym]\w CXp Xs bmwv. AXpsIm v \nßƒ tam w B{Kln p ps n Cu {]hmni s\m hpw At±lØns A ym]\ ßƒs m hpw tn v \n pi. Xncp\_n(k) Im d_nisfbpw A c m\an mø ]macscbpw 8

sszhoi a\pjycm n am ns m v Ahsc kvt\løns bpw sfiyøn s bpw {]Xn\n[nIfm n am nbncp p. A mlphns krjvsniƒ mbn kvt\løns Zo]w AhcpsS lrzbßfn sxfnbn p. Ckvemw Cu Hcp AZv`pX ZrjvSm amwv ImWn Xv. Xncp\_n(k) ImWn apavpnk ØmWnXv. Cu apav PnkØv ImWn phm\pw Cu Imcyßsf ]p\ P\n n phm\pw \hamb coxnbn temi Øn\v ]d p simsp phm\pw th nbmwv Xncp\_n(k)bpsS bym Y t{]ansb A mlp \ntbmkn b Xv. apifnse BbØn imlnzv F mwv B almxvamhn\v \ Inb hntijww. A mlp Ab imlnzns hmzøn\v tijw apkvenwiƒ Fßs\bmWv {]XnIcn Xv F v \ap v t\m mw. Rm ]d Xp t]mse Cu ImeL Øn Hcp ]cnjv I Ømhns Bhiyaps v kωxn pibpw AXv G p]dbpibpw snbvxn pw B imlnzns\ A mlp Ab t mƒ Ah GXp coxnbnemwv {]XnIcn Xv? At±lØns hmz Øn\v Ah GXp coxnbnemwv adp ]Sn \ InbXv? At±lsØ \ntj[n psa v apifnse BbØn \n pw a\ nemip p v. Cu BbØp Ifn FXn ns Hcp cq]tcjbmwv A mlp hc v ImWn Xv. Xncp\_n(k)bpsS kxyxsb bym Y coxnbn lrzbßfn {]Xn jvtn p Xn\mbn, hnip Jp Bs at\mlc A ym]\ßsf temi Øn\p apºn hnfw_cs SpØp Xn\mbn, A mlp hmkvzø akoln s\ Ab p XmsW pw At±lw h m At±lØn\pw At±lØns PamAØn\pw AXn`oIcamb FXn pisf t\cnts nhcp XmsW pw {]h-n-\-ap v. Ckvemans \maw am{xta Ahtijn p p q F v ]d v hne]n hcn ]ecpw, Ckvemw Ahkm\n ncn p p Ft m Øv k pjvscmbncp Ckvemans FXncmfnIfpw Cu imlnzv h p Ign m HsØmcpan v {]h Øn pibpw Aßs\ Ahcn `qcn`mk hpw Xo Bfn Øn pibpw snbvxp. hni-zm-kn-isf AKv\nbnte v hens dnbm Ah {ian p. Hcp `mkøv apkvenwifpss hnizmkniƒ v kz Kap v. Ah AXn kt mjn pi. XWteIp txm w Ah p.v AXns XmtgmcØpIqsS AcphnIƒ HgpIn sim ncn p XmWv. Cu temiøv \m\mxcw {]bmkßfpw \ In s m v \aps Xncn FXncmfnIƒ Xo IØn p p. F m A mlphns ] Cu hnizmkniƒ v IpfntcIp XWepIfpw ioxf ]m\obßfpw e`yamwv. FXncmfnIƒ v Fs pw \ne\n p AKv\nbmWv D Xv. Ahÿtbm Øv Ch Icbp p. Ct mgpw Ic psim ncn p p. F m adp`mkøv A mlp Ab hy nsb FXn p Xn koaisf AXnewLn pibpw snbvxncn p p. A mlp ]dbp p: P\ßƒ IØn p Cu FXn ns AKv\n ImcW Øm Ahcn im]w Cdßp XmWv. Ah \in n s Sp XmWv. F m hnizmkniƒ Cu hmkvzm-\-øn kt mjn m am{xw t]mcm. Ah v F pxs bmbmepw XymKßƒ ka nt Xmbn hcpw. Cu XymKßƒ XmXvImenIambncn n. Ipd v kabtø v am{xambncn n. adn v kabmkabßfn Cu FXn ns AKv\n IØn psim ncn p XmWv. AlvaZnIƒs Xncn A{Iahpw a Z\hpap mbns m n cn p XmWv. AlvaZnøØv AYhm bym Y Ckvemans ]ptcmkxn Cu XymKØn\pw ITn\ \mfpiƒ pw tijambncn pw e`n pi. 1973 ]minkvxm\n PamAØn s\xnsc Ipg ap m nbt mƒ A v AlvaZnIfpsS hospiƒ AKv\n nc bm nbncp p. AlvaZnIsf hosp Ifn Poht\msS IØn m {ian n cp p. t]meokv IøpwsI n Cu Xami ImWp p mbncp p. F m a pxc Ønep AKv\nbpw CXn Dƒs Sp XmWv. Ckvemans ]p\cp mcw Øn\mbn hcp hmkvzø ]pcpj t\mspw At±lsØ AwKoIcn h tcmspw AXn\oNamb A{Iaßƒ \S p XmsW v Xncp\_n (k) v A mlp aptº ]d p simspøncp ImcyamWv. Cu A{Iaßƒ apkvenw IfpsS `mkøv \n pw D mipw. lzokpifn \n pw a\ nemip Xv apkvenwifpss `n Xcq amiptºmƒ A mlp Xncp\_n (k) tbmsv CXns\ Ipdn v tnmzn p XmWv. At mƒ Xncp\_n (k) ]dbp Xv Rm Ahcn D mbncp Imea{Xbpw AhcpsS ta t\m mc\mbncp p. AXn\p tijamwv Ch hgn sx nbxv. AXv \obmwv icn pw Adnbp Xv. l : Cuk (A) \ Inb AtX adp]snbmbncn pw \ IpI. Cu ssiyneysø icnbm p Xn\mbn A mlp Xs hmkvzm\ {]Imcw GsXmcp akolv auduzn s\bmtwm Ab p Xv At±lØn s\xncnepw Ch Xo Bfn Øn p XmWv. IØn psim ncn pi bpw snøp p. GXmbncp mepw Cu FXn piƒ t\cnsm l:akolv auduzv (A) \sω k cm p Ibp mbn. hnhn[ ÿeßfnƒ CXp kw_ ambn ]cma in n p v. B]ØpIfpsSbpw {]bmkßfp ssbpw ITn\ \mfpiƒ hcp XmsW v ap dnbn v \ IpIbpw Ahsb atbmss t\cnspibpw snøw sa v \sω D]tZin n p v. Hcp ÿeøv B almxvamhv ]dbp p: BcmtWm Ahkm\w hsc assi sim p Xv, Ahcn {]bmkßfp ss `qiºßƒ Xs h mepw, A] ISßfpsS simsp m v Xs Ahcn B Sn mepw, kaqlßƒ ]cnlkn pibpw Ifnbm n Nncn pibpw snbvxmepw, temiw hfsc shdpt msp IqSn kao]n mepw Ahkm\w hnpbn p h Ahcmbncn pw. A\p{Kl Øns IhmSßƒ Ah mbn Xpd s Sp XmWv. ]dbp p: A mlp Fs kwt_m[\ snbvxp sim v ]d p. \o \ns PamAØns\ C{] Imcw Adnbn pi. `uxnixbpss em \bn mø hnizmkw DƒsIm 9

h, Im]SyØn \n pw `ocpxz Øn \n pw kzx{ amb hnizmkw kzo-i-cn- -h, A\pkcWØns F m tajeifpw kzmbø am nbn p hnizmkw Dƒs m- -h, Aßs\ bp hcmwv A mlphns {]nbs h. A mlp ]dbp p: AhcpsS ]mzßfmwv kxy Øn ASnbpd v \n p Xv. ^Xvsl Ckvemw F Xs {KŸ Øn ]dbp p: kxyw hnpbn pw. Ckvemans BZyImeØp mbn cp B {]`mhøns bpw DW hns bpw Imew ho pw hcp XmWv. B {]`m Ic apºv DZn pb Xp t]mse ]cn]q W alxztømss ho pw DZn pbcp XmWv. F m Ct mƒ Aßs\b D Xv. ITn\m[zm\ tømspw ITn\ {]bxv\tømspw IqSn \mw ]cn{ian p Xv hsc BImiw AXv DZn pbcp Xn \n pw XStb Xp Xs bm bncp p. AXns Db søgpt n\v th n \ΩpsS kpjßsfsb mw \mw hn\ntbmknt XmWv. (`oic XbpsS \mfpifneqss IS p t]mip h v am{xamwv CXv _m[isa v IcpXcpXv. A møhcpw ITn\m[zm\w sntø XmWv. Ah ZpBbnepw Bcm[\bnepw Hcp {]txyi Ahÿ kwpmxamt XmWv. XßfpsS \akv mcßfnepw XßfpsS Xl p ZpIfnepw Hcp {]txyi Ahÿ kwpmxam pi.) B almxvamhv ]dbp p: Ckvemans A`nam\ kwc WØn\mbn F m \nμyxbpw kzoicn møxphsc CXv kw`hn p X. Ckvemans Poh \Ωn \n pw Hcp ^nzvb Bhiys Sp p. AsX mwv? CtX am K Ønep \ΩpsS acww. Cu Hcp acwøn emwv Ckvemans Poh\pw apkvenwifpss Poh\pw kpoh\mb sszhøns i n{]is\hpw \ne\n p Xv. AXvsIm v A na hnpbw \ΩptSXmWv. Ckvemans hnpbw Xo bmbpw l:akolv auduzv (A) ambpw At±lØns PamAØp ambpw _ s p\n p p. F m CXn\mbn \ap v ]cn{ian t nbncn p p. hnizmkkwc WØn\mbn AKv\nbn shs cnbm Xømdmbncn pi F v Cu A[ymbØn A mlp \tωmsv ]dbp p. FXn ns Hcp cq]tc JbmWv ChnsS Xcp Xv. AlvaZnIƒ s Xncn ]minkvxm\n ka bmkabßfn FXn ns Cu AKv\n IØn p sim ncn p p. F m Ign c v h jambn CXn hfsc i n ssih ncn p IbmWv. CXn\v apºv CXp t]mep Xv ImWm km[n n. Ign c p h jøn\p n ]minkvxm\n PamAØv \ Inbncn p C{X Poh\pIƒ CXn\v apºv \ Inbn n. Cu Jp _m\niƒ Hcn epw ]gmbn t]mip X. CXv hnpbßƒ ImWn m\p XmWv. A mlp Cu hnpb ßƒ D mipsa v ]d v Bizmkn n pibpw snbvxn p v. Ncn{Xhpw CXn\v km nbmwv. Cu hn[ XymK ßƒ v tijta hnpbßƒ e`n n p q. l: akolv auduzv (A) ]dbp p. Xncp klm_øns ImeL sø Ipdns m v Nn n pi. Ah Zo\n\v th n Fs s mw {]bmkßfmwv kln Xv. Fs mw Zp:JßfnemWv Ah AIs Xv. ]Item, cm{xntbm Ah hn{ian n. A mlphns am KØn F m {]bmkßsfbpw Ah kln p. Poh t]mepw Ah XyPn pibp mbn. AXvsIm v l:akolv auduzv (A) s Cu hm pifpw Xs PamA Øn \n pw XymKßfpsS {]Xo Ifpw C pw PamAØv icn pw a\knem nbncn p p. AXv Ah Hm p p. kt mjtømss Xßfp ss Poh Ah ka n p p. Ign c v h jøn\p n F{Xtbm Poh\pIfmWv PamAØv ka n Xv. AXv sim v emtlmdnse ilmz ØpIfmbmepw a Vn _lm hp±o\nse ilmzøpifmbmepw L nbm\ntexmbepw, Idm nbn texmbmepw, XymKØns Cu BXvamhv F mbnsøpw F m Alva ZnIfnepw \ap v ImWm km[n p XmWv. CXnemWv XßfpsS hnp-bap- -sx v AlvaZnIƒ dnbmw. AXvsIm v AlvaZnøØns i{xp sf! emtlmdn Uk IW n\v ilmzøpiƒ \SØnbXn\v tijhpw \nßƒ v HclvaZnsb t]mepw AhcpsS hnizmkøn \n pw AI m km[n n n. AlvaZnIfpsS hnizmkøn\v `wkw hcpøm \nßƒ v Ign n n. Idm nbnse AlvaZn Isfbpw Cf m \nßƒ v km[n n. ChcpsS hnizmkøn Hcp Ipdhpw hcpøphm \nßƒ v km[n n. hnizmkniƒ v kz Kap v. Ah AXn kt mjn pi. XWteIp txm w Ah p.v AXns XmtgmcØpIqsS AcphnIƒ HgpIn sim ncn p XmWv. Cu temiøv \m\mxcw {]bmkßfpw \ In s m v \aps Xncn FXncmfnIƒ Xo IØn p p. F m A mlp hns ] Cu hnizmkniƒ v IpfntcIp XWepIfpw ioxf ]m\obßfpw e`yamwv. FXncmfn Iƒ v Fs pw \ne\n p AKv\nbmWv D Xv. AXn\m s]mxphn Cu FXn piƒ D ÿeßfnse mw [ocx AlvaZnIƒ {]ISn n p ps nepw Nne ÿeøv AkzÿXIƒ Ds n Hcn epw hymipes ts Imcyan. AlvaZnIfpsS XymKßƒ 1500 h jßƒ v aptº hnip Jp B AhXcn t mƒ Xs A mlphns ] kzoicn s XmWv. AXv sim v CXv Hcp km[mcw _lp axnb. AXn\m ]minkvxm\nse AlvaZnIfmsW nepw Cs m t\jybnse AlvaZnIfmsW nepw C ybnse sndp {Kmaßfnse Alva- Zn-IfmsW nepw GsX nepw Ad_v \mspifnse Alva-Zn-IfmsW nepw FhnsSbmsW nepw icn, FXncmfn Iƒ IØn p hn FXn ns Xo \mfßfneqss IS p t]mip HmtcmcpØ pw Ah-cpsS abp ssbpw \m\mxcw XymKßfpsSbpw ^e-ambn Ahsc ÿmbnbmb kz K Øns AhIminbmbnam p XmWv. Idm nbn aq v ilmzøpiƒ \S pibp mbn. AlvaZnøØns FXncmfnIƒ Ct mƒ Idm nsbbmwv e yw sh ncn p Xv. A mlp Cu ilozpifpss ]Zhn Db Øp amdm Is. Hmtcm ilozns bpw Hmtcm Xp n tnmcbpw AlvaZnøØns hnpb sø e w asß,v timsnasßv h n n p XmbnXocs. BZysØ ilozv kazv ^mdqjv kmln_mwv. ^mdqjv AlvaZv Imlv tem kmln_ns ai\mwv. 10

HIvtSm_ 15\v _ Znø Su Idm nbn sh mwv ilozm s Xv. HIvtSm_ 15 \v aq v \mev Znhkw apºmwv ilozv a lqans hnhmlw \S Xv. 3 ZnhkØn\v tijw ilozmipibmwp mbxv. ilmzøv kw`hw C{]ImcamWv hnhcn s Sp Xv. HIvtSm_ 19 mw XobXn sh nbmgv kazv ^mdqjv kmln_pw At±lØns ]nxmhv ^mdqjv AlvaZv kmln_v, Imlvtem kzv l J _ Znø SuWpw IpSpw_Øns a p AwKßtfm tsm w PpapB \akvimcw Ign v ho nte v Xncn p t]mipibm bncp p. kazv ^mdqjv kmln_v ss_ nembncp p. ]nxmhv ^mdqjv AlvaZv kmln_v, `mcym]nxmhv \pkvdøv alvaqzv kln_v, ktlmz c lωmzv ^mdqjv kmln_v, aqøm a kq kmln_v, ktlmzcn ` Ømhv Aivd^v kmln_v F nh Imdnepambncp p. hosn\v ASpØv FØnbtX D mbncp p p. kazv ^mdqjv kmln _ns\ apjw aqsnifmb c v ss_ v bm{x m ]n n \n v shsnsh pibp mbn. Hcp shsn hexv snhn v XmsgsIm p AXv CSXv hiøpiqss ]pdøv t]mhp Ibpw snbvxp. AXv ImcWw KpcpXcamb ]cnt v hogp Ibp mbn. A{IanIƒ Im ]n ps v ^b snbvxp. AXv ImcWw Imdv HmSn ncp ilozv a lqans ]nxmhn\v A v shsnbp Iƒ h p Xd p. c p shsnbp Iƒ hexv ssi pw cs Æw CSXv ssi pw Hcp shsn At±lØns IgpØns\ kv] in v sim v IS p t]mipibpw snbvxp. ilozv a lqan\v Xs IpSpw_tØmSv hfsc kvt\ l_ ambncp p. At±lØns DΩ ]dbp p: cm{xn Ddßp Xn\v apsº RßfpsS dqan h v Fs bpw Xs ]nxmhns bpw ImepIƒ XShnØcpw, Nmb IpSn n pw, F. kn. bpss Dujvamhv {Ias SpØpw. F n v t]mim A\phmZw tnmzn pw. A\pkcW Øns F m hißfpw ]q Ønbm nbncp p. RßfpsS Hcp hm pw Ct hsc FXn Øn n. AXpt]mse adp søm pw ]d n n. c w Zm\w snøm henb XmXv ]cyambncp p. apl bntem PamAØntem B v c w Bhiyaps nepw BZyw kzbw ka n pambncp p. DΩ ]dbp p. Rm XSbptºmƒ ]dbmdp Xv DΩm! Cu c w GXmbmepw HgpIn t]mipw, CXv B s nepw {]tbmp\s m F{X \ XmWv. Ct±l Øns ktlmzcn tum: kzm ^mdqjv ]dbp p: Rß ƒ ktlmzcn ktlmzc m nsbn kplrzv _ amwv \ne\n ncp Xv. P\ßƒ Ft msv ]dbmdp Xv \ns ktlmzc Cu temiøv \n v XnI pw hyxykvx\mwv. Cfbh \mbncp n piqsn Ip nisft mse Fs ]cn]men ncp p. kmxzni\pw tkh\xxv]c\pambncp p. RßfpsS lrzbøn am{xa Ah\pambn Bsc mw CS]gInbn p t m AhcpsS a\ nepw Ah Ft mgpw Pohn ncn p XmWv. A mlpxae Ahs Jp _m\n kzoicn p amdmis. c masø P\mk _io AlvaZv ` n kmln_v _ Znb Su Idm nbpssxmwv. HIvtSm_ 23 \mwv Ct±lw ilozmbxv. C men ml.v Ct±lØns IpSpw_Øn Alva ZnøØv h Xv Ct±lØns D m anbm AIv_ kmln_v aptj \bmwv. At±lØns ilmzøv kw`hw C{]ImcamWv. _ Znbm SuWnep Xs ISbn Ccn pibmbn cp p. cm{xn 9.30 Bbncp p kabw. c v ss_ v bm{x m hcnibpw AXnsemcmƒ At±lsØ 3 {]mh iyw shsnsh pibpap mbn. AXn c v shsnbp IgpØnepw as m v s\ Øpw sim p. DSs\ Bip ]{Xnbn sim pt]msb nepw hgnbn sh v Xs ilozmhp Ibp mbn At±lØns hb v GItZiw 67 Bbncp p. IivaocnemWv P\n Xv. A cm`ymksam pw D mbncp n. Iqenthe snbv XmWv Pohn ncp Xv. 1984 Idm nbnte v Xmakw am n. ^mivsdnifn tpmen snbvxpsim ncp p. AtXmsSm w hosn\spøv Hcp ]enc p IS C ncp p. a sfsb mw hfsc \ coxnbn X _nøøv snbvxp. Ct±lØns Hcp ]u{x C{am \mkn kmln_v Ign h jw PmanA AlvaZnbmbn ]T\Øn \mbn t]mbt mƒ At±lw Ip n v Zo\o tkh\hpambn _ -s D]tZiw \ IpIbp mbn. PamA Øns \nkmap ambn \ Xpt]mse klicn ncp p. Jnem^Ønt\m Sp kvt\løn At±lØns lrzbw CgInt ncp p. `mcybpw c v B Ip nifpw aq v s] Ip nifpw Ct±lØn\p v. A mlp Chsc F mhscbpw kwc n p amdmis. aq masø ilmzøv tumivs cmpm A_vZp laozv Jm kmln_ns XmWv. A_vZp Akokv kmln _ns ai\mwv. Adnhpw ]cn m\hpap kønzv dn_m _nkvan kmln_v ZmCu Ce mlv Idm n 1994 tumivs cmpm A_vZp laozv Jm kmln_ns ]nxmhv A_vZp Akokv kmln_p ambn _ s SpIbp mbn. ]e tnmtzymøc kz pifpw kwlsn n pibp mbn. AXn\ptijw 1994 Xs tumivs A_vZp laozv Jm kmln_n\v _bvaøv snbvxv \u ap_mcu\n AwKamIm ku`mkyw e`n p. Ipd v Imew IqSn Ign t mƒ At±lØns ]nxm hpw amxmhpw _bvaøv snøpi bp mbn. ilozv a lqw 1972 emwv P\n Xv. _ Znbm SuWn Xs C aountb v hscbp hnzym`ymkw Icÿam n. ]n osv t\hnbn tn v knhnenb t^m am\mbn {]thin p. tumivs F v Ct±lsØ ]dbm\p ImcWw ]nxmhnt\mssm w n\n n Ct±lhpw Ccn mdp mbncp p. AhnsS A w Nn d {]mivsoskms snøpw. t\hn Uyq nbn \n pw Xncn ph m n\n n h ncn pw. 8.45 \v cm{xn HIvtSm_ 23 mw XnøXn c v ss_ v bm{xni hcnibpw Hcmƒ ss_ n Xs Ccn pibpw as mcp hy n n\n n {]thin v ]nãƒ D]tbmKn v aq v {]mhiyw shsn sh pibpw snbvxp. Hcp shsnbp CSsØ Ihnfn Xpf v hexp `mkøqss ]pdtø v t]mbn. c masø shsnbp XmSn v Xmsg ]Xn p. aq masø shsnbp txmfn G pibpw AXv ]pdw `mkøpiqss ]pdtø v t]mbn. CXp tijw t]pv 33 11

tej\w tbip Xncn p hcnibmsw n... lzvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZ (dlv)v Cukm\_n (A) ho pw AhXcn pibmsw n D mhp k o W {]iv\ßsf pdn v Jeo^Øp akolv \mema (dlv) ckicambn hnhcn p p ""Ahkm-\sØ {]hm-n-i-\mb apl- ΩZv \_n(k) CXn-\Iw hcnibpw t]mhp-ibpw snbvxp, Cukm\_n (A) `qan-bn-te v Hcp {]hm-n-i-\m-bnsim v Cdßn hcnibpw snøpw.'' Cu hnizm-k-øn hf-sc-tbsd s]mcp-øt -Sp-Ifp v. Cu c p hnizm-khpw Htc kabw sim p \S- pi Akm- [y-am-wv. hmkvx-h-øn ]c-kv]-c-_- -an- mø Cu c p hnj-b-ß-fpssbpw hnnn-{x an{iww Xøm-dm- n-bxv a y-im-e-l- -Ønse De-am- am-cm- Wv. hnip Jp -Bs Ah-XcWImeØv Ch c pw XΩn-ep _ w ANn- y-am-bn-cp- p. Cu hnj-bhp-ambn ]cn-n-b-an- mø Aapkvenw hmb-\- m v th n CXns Ncn{X ] m-ø-e-sø- p-dn v \ap v Aev]w hnh-cn-t - - Xp- v. F n Xs CXv kw_- n p apgp-h X hnx ßfpw a\- n-em- m {]bm-k-am-bn-cn- pw. hnip Jp -B-\nse JmØ-ap- -_n-øo F hn\w G hpw ASnÿm\ {]m[m-\y-ap hn-\-ß-fnsem mwv. B hn\w AKm-[-amb A Ykºp-jvS-Xbpw \nc-h[n km[yamb A Y-[z-\n-I-fp-ap Hcp hn-\-am- Wv. ]t Cu hn-\-øns A Y-w hnzq-c-am-bn p t]mepwcukm\_n- (A)s BImimtcml-W-hp-ambn _ -s - -X-. Cukm\_n-(A) \memw BIm-i-tØ v Db Ø-s - Xv sim mwv Cu hn\w sszh-øn\v Cdt nh -sx ap -am-cpss hmzw XnI pw ]cn-lm-kyhpw \ms-iobhpam- Wv. tbip-hns kico-c-tømsp IqSnbp BIm-im-tcm-lWØn\v Cu hn- \-amtbm Jp -B-\nse a p hn-\-ß-fpamtbm bmsxmcp _ -hp-an-. Cukm\_n-(A) Db Ø-s v BIm-itØ v t]mbn F Bibw Hcn- epw sszh-øns ] kw`-hn- n- n-. Cukm\_n-(A) bpss ÿqe-ico-c-tømsp IqSnb BIm-im-tcm-lWw Jp -B-\pw, dkq Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS apgp-h lzo-kp-ifpw Bk-Iew ]cntim-[n p t\m n-bmepw ImWm km[y-a-. AXp-sIm v Xs Cu Akw-_- -Øn \n pw Jp -B\pw lzokpw sszhsø ap -am- p- p. Cu hn\w D m- p {]Xn-_- -ßfn \n pw Imte-Iq n c -t\-sp-hm- \mwv sszhw tbip(-a)-hns\ BImi-tØ- p-b ØnbXv F ap -am-cpss P ]\w hnip Jp -B-s\-Xn-sc-bp ASn-ÿm\ cln-x-amb Hcm-tcm-]-Ww am{xa ip If-hp-am-Wv. {]iv\w D m- p- Xv ap -am Xs -bmwv F n v AXv sszh-øns t]cn Nm ØpIbpw snøp- p. Jp -B-\nse G hpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp hn-\- tømsv tn Øv Cu ASn-ÿm\ cln-xamb A`yqlw si n-sh- p- Xv Atßb w PpKp-]vkm-h-l-am-Wv. bmsxmcp \ne pw ]c-kv]c _ -an- mø Cu c p hnj-b-ßsf h -\m-fl-i-amb coxn-bn H n p tn m- a y-ime-l- -Ønse ]ptcm-ln-x amsc t{]cn- n- -Xns Imc-W-ßsf Ipdn- mwv Chn-SpsØ apjy N m hnj-bw. hmb- \- m-c\v CXns ] m-ø-esø ]cn- N-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xns `mk-ambn \mant mƒ ap -am-cpss hnh-c-w-øns IY ]d-bm t]mhp-i-bm-wv. `mh-\m-fl-i-am-b tbiphns BIm-i-tØ- p Ib- -Øn\pw Cd- - Øn\pw dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS ]cnk-am]vxn kzx-{ -ambn {]Jym-]n- p- - Xp-ambn bmsxmcp _ -hp-an-. hkvxpx CXm-bn-cns AXv c pw XΩn kp\n- n-x-amb _ -ap-s - mwv ax ]ptcm-ln-x am-cpss hmzw. a b-ans ai-\mb Cukm\_n-(A)- sb BIm-iØp \n p Xncn p sim p hcphm Ah \n _ w ]nsn- m ImcWw ]pxnb Hcp {]hm-n-i-t\bpw apl-ωzv \_n (k) v tijw sim p hcm km[y-a- F Xp sim m-wv. ]pxnb Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th- m apkvenw DΩ-Øn (k-ap-zm-bw) \n v Hcp {]hm-n-is\ Fgp-t n- p- - Xn\v ]Icw ]gb Hcp {]hm-n-is\ ho pw Xncn p sim p hcni F apkvenw bmym-kvxn-i-xz-øns hnzkv[ X{ w kvxpxn- -s -ts- Xv Xs. ]t Ah-cpsS Cu D mlw km[m-cw a\p-jy-cp-ambn ] p-sh- m Ign-bn-. Hcp AWpaWnXq sa- nepw kmam\y _p n-bp Hcmƒ pw Cu Xcw XmW ] n- X{ w k h-i- \pw k h m-\n-bpamb A m-lp-hn Btcm-]n- m km[y-a-. Cßs\ ]d-bm ap -am v am{xta km[y-am-hq. Ah snbvxpsim- n-cn- p- -Xp-a-Xm-Wv. dkq Xncpta-\n(-k)-bpsS ]cn-k-am-]vxnsb tbiphns Xncn p hc-hp-ambn _ -s -Sp- Øp- -Xn-eqsS ]cn-k-am-]vxnsb kw_- n v Ime-am-ImsX {]Jym-]\w \S- Ønb sszhsø c n- p-i-bm-sw- 12

mwv Ah Icp-Xp- -Xv. Aßs\ ISpØ ]c-kv]c sshcp- y-øns {]iv\-øn \n pw sszhsø ax-]ptcm-ln-x am c n p F v hniz-kn- p- p. Cu X{ w hmkvx-h-øn aμ- _p- n-bmb Hcp ap -bpss akvxn-jv k- -Xn-bm-bn-cn- -Ww. GXv {]hm-n-is ]cn-k-am-]vxn-sb pdn- p hmkvzm\amwv F Xv sszhøns Adn-hn kq n- m Ign- n-. sszh-øn\v A mcyw {Kln- m\pw km[y-ambn t]mepw. ]cn-k-am-]vxn-sb- ]- n-bp-ff B hmkvzm\w \nd-th- m th n Ah-km-\sØ {]hm-n-is ac- W-Øn\v tijw ]gb Hcp {]hm-n-is\ sim p hcni F Xv XnI pw A]- lm-ky-am-wv. sszhsø ap -bpss \ne- hm-c- -Øn-\-\p-k-cn v hne-bn-cp-øp- - Xns `mk-ambn ]c-kv]c sshcp- y- Øns e m-i-c-amb Hcp {]hrøn sszh-øn Btcm-]n- p-i-bmwv snøp- -Xv. ]n osv ap apt m v h v sszh-øns apjw c n- p p! \nμm-i-c-amb Cu {]hrøn t_m[- ]q hamwv \S-Øp- -Xv. ap sb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw \nc-h[n KpW-ßƒ In p hºn Hcm-i-b-am-Wn-Xv. AXv tbip(-a)-hns Pohs\ i]vx-amb Ipcnip ac-w-øn \n v c n- p-ibpw tbip(-a) hymp-\msw v sxfn-bn- m-\p i{xp- -fpss {iasø \njv^-e-am- p-ibpw snøp- p. i{xp- -fpss ]nsn-bn \n pw c -s v tbip (A) hmbp-hn A{]- Xy- -\m-hp Xv ImWp-tºmƒ Ah p- m-hp t{im[m-thiw H v `mh-\-bn I p t\m q. (tbip Ibdn-t mbn F v ]db-s -Sp \memw BIm-iØv hmbp Ds - n ) ]t sszh-øn\v Cu \S-]Sn as mcp sndnb {]iv\w IqSn krjvsn- p- -Xm-Wv. Ft m-gmwv F n-\mwv tbip(-a) hns\ ho pw `qan-bn-te v Xncn p sim p hcp- Xv F tnmzy-amwv B {]iv\w. CsX- m-ambn-cp- n pw tbip(- A)-hns\ BImi afi-e-øn hn[n- \mƒ hsc sszhw Dt]- n- p- n-. hmkvxhøn sszhsø kw_- nt -S-tØmfw Cu {]iv\w \ne-\n p- n-. ap sb kw_- n nstømfw {]iv\w krjvsn- Xv Abmƒ Xs -bm- Wv. dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS ]cn-kam-]vxn-bnepw B ]cn-k-am-]vxn p tijw Hcp {]hm-n-i-\mbn ho pw hcp tbip(-a)-hnepw hniz-kn- p Abmƒ v Xs kzbw krjvsn-bmb Cu sshcp yw aqsn-sh-t - -Xp- v. B Hscm ImcWw sim mwv ap JmØ-ap- -_n-øo-\p-ambn tbip-hns Cu anyym Ah-tcm-l-WsØ Iq n-bn- W- p- -Xv. km[m-cw apkvenw s]mxp- P-\-Øn\v I p ]nsn- m Ign-bmØ h -\m-fl-i-amb Iui-e-tØm-sS-bmWv ap Cu the \n hln- p- -Xv. Xmsg ]d-bp kwk-xn-i-fn-emwv Abmƒ Xs hmzw si n-s m- p- -Xv. 1. Hcp-e- y-øn\v th n-bmwv tbip BIm-i-tØ- p-b Ø-s - -Xv. Ah-km\w At±lw `qan-bn-te v Xncn p hcp XmWv. 2. ]gb Hcp {]hm-n-i hcp- Xv sim v dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS ]cn-k-am-]vxn-bpss ko s]m p- n-. 3. Ah-km-\-Im-esØ Hcp {]hm-n- Is Bhiyw sszh-øns hn[n-bnep ]c-kv]c sshcp- y-øn-t -Xmb GsX- nepsamcp {]iv\w krjvsn- -s - SmsX \nd-th- -s -Sp- n-. Hcp shsn v c v ] nsb Nne hogvøm-dp- v. F m ap m bmym-ÿn- Xn-IXzw Hcp shsn v aq v ] nsb hogvøm-\mwv t\m p- -Xv! hmkvx-h- Øn Ah-cpsS a\ v sszh-øn-t - Xmbn am p Cu IfnbneqsS Ah \n h-ln- p- Xv am ln- mø sszh- \n-μ-bm-wv. hnhcw si Cu A`ym-k-Øn-eqsSbpw AØcw {`m -amb IY-Iƒ sa\s Sp p Xneq-sSbpw a p- -htc- mƒ ap -am v G hpw KpW-I-camb ]e ^e-ßfpw e`n- p-sa v \mw hniz-kn- p- p. ap -am v ta Ft msg- nepw \nb-an- -s -Sm-hp sszhn-iamb A[n-Im-cÿ-cn- \n pw c -s - Sm-\p-ff km[y-x-bmwv Cu si p IY- Iƒ Ah v \ Ip- -Xv. {]hm-n-ixz \nb-a\w A -cmb apkvenw _lp- P-\-ßƒ v ta ap -am p A[oim-[n-Im-c-Øn\p taep Hcp `oj-wnbm-wv. {]hm-n-ixzw Ah-km-\n p F {]Jym-]-\-Øn-eqsS ap -am-cpss Cu \jvs `oxn-bn \n pw Ah imiz-x-ambn tamnn- n- -s -Sp- p. c mbncw h j-ßƒ ]g- -ap Hcp {]hm- N-I ho pw hcpw F hnizmkw C\n-sbmcn epw {]hm-n-i hcn F -Xn-\p B -cn-i-amb Dd mwv \ Ip- Xv. Aßs\ Ckveman\v taep ap -bpss ]nsn imiz-x-am- -s - Sp-I-bm-Wv. Aßs\ Ahsc Hcn- epw kwi-bn- mø apkvenw s]mxp-p-\- ßƒ v ta ap -bpss tkz m-[n-imcw Ime-Im-e-tØ- p-ambn \ne-\n-dp-ø-s - Sp- p. ac-w-s - -h Hcn- epw Xs XßfpsS ]c-temi kt Xw Dt]- n v asßn hcm-dn-. Hcn- acn v th ]ncn hy n-iƒ Hcn- epw Xs Pohn- n-cn- p- -h-cp-ambn CS-I-e-cm ho pw hcm-dn-. `q-x-ime hmkn-i-fnem-scbpw sszhw XncnsI sim p hcn-. A -cm Y-Øn tbip-hns\ ImØp \n p- -h B hrym {]hrøn A\- -ambn XpS-cpw. At±lw Hcn- epw hcn-. P\-ß-fpsS A X apx-se-spøv apkvenw temisø \nb-{ n- p ap Hcn- epw hn p ]ncn-bp-i-bp-an-. Zb Fs - -dn-bmø ap -bpss Zbm-hmbv]n-\mbn k hhpw hn p-sim-sp-øpsim v Hcp Iøn arx-k-rvpo-h-\n-bpambn tbip(-a) Fs - nepw Xncn-s - Øp-sa anyym-[m-c-w-bn P\-ßƒ ] -]-c-am Yn-I-fmbn Ign-bp- p. Aßs\ Cu apkvenw ]utcm-ln-xy- Øns tkz m-hm-gvn p Iogn Ckvemw axw h j-øn\p ]n mse h j-ß-fmbn \q m- p-iƒ ]ndsi \q m- p-i-fmbn Ign-tb n hcpw. tbiphpw ]cn-k-am-]vxnbpw XΩnep hnj-b-øn-te v ho pw \ap v t\m mw. ap -am-cpss \n tz-i-ßƒ bmsxm-c Y-Ønepw \ymbo-i-cn- m-\mhm-ø-xm-wv. aqkm \_n(-a)s Ign p t]mb Hcp P\-X-bn \n v Hcp {]hm-n-is\ ISw hmßn-s m v XnI pw hn`n- -amb Bh-iy-ßfp apkvenw DΩ-Øns Ah-km\ ImesØ Bh-iy-ßsf bmsxmcp \ne pw ]cn-l-cn- m km[y-a-. ISw hmß-s Hcp {]hm-n-i dkq Xncpta-\n(-k)-bpsS {]hm-ni kam]vxn F ÿm\sø ewln- p- -bm-fm-bncn- pw. At±-l-am-hs Ahn-SpsØ Bflob ]p{x F \ne v Xs DΩ-Øn \n v Fgp-t ]n- -s -Sp- -bm-fp-a-. Cu Imcyw a\- n-em- p- - Xn apkvenwiƒ ]cm-pbs Sp-I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. api-fn {]Xn-]m-Zn N -I-fn \n pw Hcp Imcyw \mw {i n-t - - Xp v. Imem-\p-{Iaw am{xw t\m nbm Hcp {]hm-n-i ]g-btxm ]pxnbtxm BsW v \n W-bn- m km[ya-. Hcp {]hm-n-i At±-l-Øns 13

c mw kμ i-\-øn BZysØ kμ i-\-øn D m-bn-cp AtX KpW-tØmSpw IqSn-bmWv hcp- -sx- n Xo -bmbpw At±-l-Øns kμ i\w Hcp c mw hc-hmbn IW v Iq mw. ]t A-t±-l- -Øns c mw hc-hn\v apºmbn At±lw Xs s]cp-am kz`m-h-ß-fn-se mw hnπ-hm-fl- I-amb am -ß-fmWv hcp-øn-bn- p- -Xv. At±-lsØ kw_- n v Hcn- epw Xs ]gb Hcp {]hmni-\mwv c maxpw hcp- -sx v ]d-bm km[y-a-. AXv IqSmsX At±-l-Øns Bflob ]Z-hn, At±lw \ Ip ktμiw, At±lw ImWn- p Znhym-Zv`p-X-ßƒ, a\pjy hwi-øn\p ta At±lw \S- Øp {]h Ø-\-ßƒ F nh sbm pw Xs ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse tbip(-a)-hn-t -X-. {it -b-amb Hcp Imcyw dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) hmkvzm\w snbvxn- p tbip(-a)-hns hy nxzw ]gb tbip-hn-t -Xn \n pw XnI pw hyxy-kvx-am-wv. hmkvzm\w snø-s tbip(-a) bmsxmcp hn[-ønepw Hcp C{km-tben {]hm-n-i-\. At±lw Hcn- epw Xs Xudm-Øn-t\m(-tXm-d) At±lw Xs {]t_m-[n ss nƒ ]pxnb \nb-a-ønt\m hnt[-b-\m-bn-cn- n-. At±lw C{km-tb P\-Øns ]cn- [n-bn Dƒs h\m-bn-cn- n-. CsX- m-am-bn-cns hmkvzm\w snø-s Cukm\_n-(A) ]gb C{km-tbeo {]hm-n-i Xs -bm-bn-cn- p-sa- mwv ap imtyw ]nsn- p- -Xv. `qan-bn-te v Ab- -s -Sp- -Xn\v apºv tbip(-a)- hns\ ]pxnb {]hm-n-i\v Bh-iy-amb {]txy-i-x-i-sf mw \ In doi oj snbvxv ]p\ Zu-Xy-hp-ambn- m-bn-cn pw Ab- -s -SpI F mwv ap -am-cpss A`n-{]m-bw. CXv as mcp ]pxnb {]hm-n-is Bhn `m-h-a-s - n ]ns as - mwv? dkq Xncpta-\n(-k)-bpsS ]cn-k-am]vxn XØzw AwKo-I-cn- mø ChnsS hnh-cn- -s Hcp tbip(-a)-hns\ Ckveman-te v kzoi-cn- -s -Sp-sa v Hcp ap bpw AwKo-I-cn- n-. tbip(-a)-hn\v bmsxmcp am hpw hcp-øm-sx-bmwv `qan-bn-te v Ab -s -SpI F v Ah v hniz-kn- m ]ns -sb- mwv At±-l-Øn Ah-ti-jn- p- - Xv. At±-lsØ CkvemanI hr -hpambn ChnsS _Õv snbvxv tbmpn- n- -Ww. ]gb XmbvØSn-bn Xs Ckvemans km heuini {]hm-n-i- \mbn ho pw hf-cp-ibpw thww. F n t]mepw At±-l-Øns C{kmtben F p sfu n n Dt]- n- m Ign-bm-Øn-S-tØmfw At±lw Ckveman Hcp ]c-tz-in-bmbn XpS-cpsa Imcyw ap -amsc Hm an- n- m Rßsf A\p-h-Zn- -Ww. At±-l- Øns ÿnxn Hcp h K-Øn s] snsn-bpss Iºv as mcp h K- Øn s snsn-bn _Õv snbvxv ]nsn- n- Xv t]msebncn- pw. Xmac snsn sndn ac-øn _Õv snbvxv ]nsn- n- Xv t]msetbm _vfq_dn acw ss]\m- nƒ snsn-bn _Õv snbvxv ]nsn- n- Xv t]msetbm Bbn-cn- pw. A{]-Imcw Hcp CkvemanI ]q h {]hm- N-I Ckveman-te v _Õv snø-s - n-cn- p- p. F m F m-bn-cp- mepw H n-tn -s snsn v Hcn- epw AXns hy nxzw am p-hm km[y-a-. Ckveman-te v H n p tn -s - -Xn\v tijhpw tbip-hn \n v F mwv apf p hcn-i? At±lw At mgpw C{km-tbeo hy n-xz-ap tbip Xs -bm-bn-cn- pat m? tbip imco-cn-i-ambn CkvemanI temi-øn-te v ]cn-h Ø\w snbvxv Ign- mepw At±-l-Øn\v Hcn- epw Xs bym Y h Ww am p-hm km[ya-. hnip Jp -B XpS -bmbn At±-lsØ Hcp C{ktben {]hm-n-i- \m-bn- mwv hnh-cn- p- -Xv. At±lw Xncn p hcn-i-bm-sw- n tcmjm-ip-e- \mb GsX- n-ep-samcp apkvenan\v \nh v \n v At±-l-Øns hmzsø Jp -B-\nI {]kvxm-h-\-i-fpss ASnÿm-\-Øn sh p hnfn- m-hp- -Xm- Wv. At±lw Hcp hymp-hm-zn-bm-sw v Ak-μnKvZ-ambn Bt -]n- -s -Spw. F v B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bmWv At±-l-Øn- \p- -sx v tnmzyw snø-s -Spw. At±lw shdpw C{km-tb-en-Iƒ v am{x-am-bp {]hm-n-i-\m-sw Jp - B-\nI {]Jym-]\w At±lw d±m- ntbm? Jp -B At±-l-Øns hy n-xzsø kw_- n v A{]-Imcw \n hnn- p Imew hsc At±-l- Øns hy nxzw Hcn- epw amdp- - X-. At±lw Ft mgpw Hcp C{kmtben {]hm-n-i-\m-bn-cp- p. Ft mgpw C{km-tbeo {]hm-n-i-\mbn XpS-cp- Ibpw snøpw. Jp -B ]d-bp- p. (Cu-km-\-_n) _\o C{km-tb k - Xn-I-fn-te- p Hcp ZqX-\mWv \ΩpsS Cu Ime-L- w, ax-\n-μbpss t]cn apkvenw _lp-p-\-ßfpss hnimcw {hw-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn ax-au-eni hmzn-iƒ AXy-[nIw Pm{KX ]men- p- -h-cm-wv. tbip(a)hns Poh ] v blqz P\-X-bpsS ssiifn kpc- n-x-a- m-xn-cp- -Xn-t\- mƒ IqSp-X-embn apkvenw ax-{`m- am-cpss ssii-fn kpc- n-x-am-bn-cn- p-i-bn-. At±-l-Øns BZysØ kμ i- \-Øn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn n n- mø a p ]e hn[-øn-ep hn]-øp-i-tfbpw At±-l-Øn\v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t n hcpw. tbip (-A)-hns ImeØv blqz temi-øp- -Xn-t\- mƒ IqSp-X ax-`n- -Xbpw ]nf pw IqSp-X Xo vwambpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-tbmsSbpw apkvenwi-fn \ne-\n p- p. At±lw Ft m-sg- nepw `qan-bn Cdßn-sb- n-cn- -s, B Cd w apkvenw cmpy-ømsw n At±-l-Øns Poh\v hºn `oj-wn-bm-bn-cn pw Dbcp-I. At±-l-Øns em nßv `qan Cdm- \m-sw- n At±-l-Øns ssk m- ni \ne-]m-sp-iƒ kw_- n v ITn-\- amb Hcp hnnm-cw t\cn-ts n hcpsa Imcyw Dd- m-wv. At±lw ]{ v Cam-ap-I-fn hniz-kn- p- pt m? AX Ahsc At±lw \ntj-[n- p- pt m? At±lw A_q-_- -dns bpw Da-dn-s bpw DYvam-t bpw Jnem-^-Øn hniz-kn- p- pt m AX AXv \ncm-i-cn- p- pt m? lzvdøv Aen-(d)sb dkq Xncp-ta-\n- (k)bpss IÆn apdn-bmø ]n Km-anbmbn AwKo-I-cn- p- pt m? Cu tnmzy-ßƒs mw inbm hnizm-k-ßfp-ambn At±lw HØp t]mip-sa- n Xs At±-l-Øns Poh\v t\scbp `ojwn Hgn p t]mip- n-. ImcWw CXp-Iq-SmsX ]{ - m-asø Camw A{]-Xy- -\m-bxv kw_- n Hcp {]iv\w IqSn-bp- v. Ah-cpsS ]{ - m-asø Camw(-A a-lvzn) BIm-isØ-hn-sS-sb- nepw Ct mgpw ad- ncns Cukm\-_n(A)-am{Xw H v F p-sim v `qan-bn-te v hcm B{K-ln- p F v Ah tnmzn- pw. tbip(-a)-hns kxysø kw_- n v B Cam-ans hy n-]-c-amb km yw IqSmsX an -hmdpw tbip- (A) Hcp hymp-\m-sw t]cn Hcp Ip -hmfnbmbn {]Jym-]n- -s Spsa Imcyw Dd- m-wv. Jeo-^-am-cmb lzvdøv A_q-_- 14

- (-d), lzvdøv Da (-d), lzvdøv DYvam (-d) F n-hsc AwKo-I-cn- pibmsw- n At±lw Hcp hymphmzn F -Xn-t\- mƒ ISpØ coxnbn A]-e-]n- -s -Spw. AXn\v tijw km[m-cw \nb-a-{]-imcw sim -s -Sp- Ibpw snøpw. At±lw inbmhnizm-khpw sh p ]pe Øn Hcp kp n cmpy-ømwv BIm-iØv \n vem vsnbvxsx n At±lw BIm-itØ v Xs Xncn- b- -s -Spw. kp n hnizm-k- -ß-fmWv ssisim- p- -sx- n t]mepw At±l-Øns Poh hn]-øn \n pw hnap- -a-. ImcWw B cmpyøv Ignbp Hmtcm kp n {Kq p-w Ah-c-hcpsS hnizmkw icn-bmsw v km ys -Sp-Øm-\m-h-iy-s -Spw. As - n At±lw I -\m-sw v ]d v \ntj- [n- -s -Spw. _td hn-i-fp-sstbm hlm_n ax-au-e-hn-hm-zn- -I-fp-tStbm cmpyøv tbip(-a) hcn-i-bm-sw- n Ch c p Iq -cp-tsbpw hnizm-k-ønte v GXn-te- mwv ]cn-h Ø\w sntø- -sx v a\- n-em- m _p nap- m-bn-cn- pw. Ch-cn GsX- nepw Hcp I n-bmwv Xt sx v tbip(-a) ]dbp-i-bm-sw- n AXv A]c I n-bpss ax-]p-tcm-ln-x h[-in hn[n- -Xn\v ka-am-bn- m-bn-cn pw tbip-hn\v A\p-`h-s -Sp-I. Cu A]-e-]-\-ßƒs mw ImcWw At±lw hnhn[ I n-i-fpss kz -am-sw v ]d-bp- Xv sim v am{xa-. At±-lsØ h[n- m hn[n- p- -Xv sszh-øns bym Y {]hm-n- Is I]S-thjw si nb Bƒ F Ip w Btcm]n p sim m-bn-cn- pw. Hcp bym Y {]hm-n-i\v sx mb axho- Ww sh v ]pe Øm Ign-bn F m-bn-cn pw Ah-cpsS hmzw. Hmtcm hn`m-khpw Ah-c-h-cpsS hnizm-k-a-\pk-cn v tbip(-a)-hns\ hn[n- pw. Bcpw Xs tbip(-a)-hns hn[n v Xß-fpsS hnizmksø hnt[-b-am- n-. ChnsS as mcp tnmzyw IqSn Db p hcpw. At±lw GXv \nba hnnm-c-k-c-wn AYhm I a imkv{x-kcwn (-a-zvl-_v)-bn s Bfm-bn-cn pw F Xmbncn pw B tnmzyw. At±lw lzvdøv Camw amen- n-s tbm lzvdøv Camw A_q-l-\o-^-bp-tStbm lzvdøv Camw im^n-bp-tstbm lzvdøv Camw AlvaZv_n lw_en-t tbm azvl-_n s Bfm-bn-cn- ptam? AØ-c-Øn-ep \nb-a-hn-[n-i-fpss X -hn-x -ß-fpsS A\p-`-h-an- mø At±lw CØcw hmz-tim-em-le-ß-fpss siwn-bn s A\p-`-h-ambn-cn pw D m-hp-i. At±lw `qan-bnte v Hcn- epw Xncn p h ncp ns n F{X \ mbncp p F v Fßs\ B{K-ln- m-xn-cn pw! Ah-km\w At±lw GsX- nepw Hcp hn`m-k-øns thjw AWn-bm-sa v sh m _m n Fgp-]-sØm v I n- Ifpw i -ambn At±-lsØ \ntj-[n- pw. CXp-Iq-SmsX At±lw XpS bmbn \ntj-[n- -s -Sp A]-I-StØbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t - -Xp- v. AXv api-fn ]cm-a in Jp -B-\nI hn-\-øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep- -Xmbn-cn- pw. B Jp -B-\nI hn\w {]Jym- ]n- p- Xv At±lw _\o- CkvdmCu k -Xn-I-fn-te- p Hcp ZqX-\mWv F m-wv. \nßƒ FhnsS \n mtwm h Xv Ahn-tS v Xs Xncn p t]mipi (Go back)-f ap{zm-hmiyw AhnsS IqSn\n GsX- nepw ax-{`m- -\n \n pw Db s pw hcmw. thkw ChnsS \n pw C{km-tb tã n-te v hnam\w Xncn p hn v ÿew hnsp-i F v Ipdn v sim p cq]-øn At±-l-tØmSv Bh-iy-s -s - n-cn- pw. PqXP\XbpsS Iøm c m-axpw hnnm-cw snøm Xm ƒ Xøm-dm-sW- n PqX P\-X-bpsS ASp- -te v t]mip-i. Xm -fpss sfu n n shfns -Sp-Øp-I. Cu ]pxnb kw`-h-k-xn-i-fn sszhw F mwv snøpi F v Bcpw AZv`pX-s -Spw. Hcn- IqSn At±lsØ c n- m sszhw amem-j-amtcmsv XnSp w Iq n sim v At±-l- Øns ]gb BImi kt XØnte v Db Øptam? AX blqz apkvenw ]ptcm-ln-x am-cpss Icp-W p apºn sszhw At±-lsØ Dt]- n- ptam? C{km-tb cmpyøv C{km-tben `S amcm c m-axpw At±lw {Iq-in- -s - Sptam? As - n apkvenw Bcm mc am-cpss ssii-fm At±lw Xq nte- -s -Sptam? Cu ZpxJw \nd temiøv At±lw ho pw {]Xy- -s - Sp-I-bm-sW- n `mhn-bn-ep-b-cp tnmzyß-fm-bn-cn- p-an-sx- mw. At±lw BZyw h -Xn-t\- mƒ Akm-[y-amb H m-bncn pw At±-l-Øns ]pxnb ZuXyw. Kuc-h-X-c-amb Hcp Imcyw IqSn \mw hmb-\- m-cs\ DW Øp- p. bp n t_m[w IqSmsX axw hymjym-\n-s - n AXp-t]mse hnizm-khpw Imcy- Im-c-W-hp-ambn hgn-]n-cn-bp-i-bm-sw- n bp n-bn- mø shdpw anøpw Ig-ºn- mø shdpw CXn-lm-k-hp-ambn axw ]cn-w-an- pw. Nn m-ti-jn-bn- mø hnizm-k-øns kq n- p-imc Znhy- m-\-øns shdpw ]cnlmk cq]-ßƒ krjvsn- p- -h-cmbn amdpw.cu {]h-n-\-ß-fpss bym Y {]m[m\yw a\- n-em-imsx h Xv hmkvx-h-øn s]mdp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS Ime-L w thdn H m-bn-cp- p. temisø ] nbpw {]]- sø ] n-bp-ap Ah-cpsS [mc-w-iƒ shdpw Dul-ß-fm-bn-cp- p. ]t ka- Im-eo\ temiøv Pohn- p Cu a[y- Im-e-a-\-ÿn-Xn- m bp n {]_p- amb Cu Ime-L- -Øn P\n- -hcpw hf Ø-s - -h-cp-am-wv. Znhy {]h-n-\-ßfpss CØ-c-Øn-ep Ah-cpsS hmb\ bmsxmcp \ne pw \oxo-i-cn- m Ignbm-Ø-Xm-Wv. sszh-øns kxy-k- - \mb ASna Cukm\_n-(A) bpss Bflmhv Xo -bmbpw At±-l-Øn\v th n Hcp- n-sh sszh-øns ] ep D X ÿm\øv as-ßn-sb-ønbn- p- mhpw. Ah ImØn-cn- p tbip Ah-cpsS a\- nse shdp-samcp anyy- am-{x-am-wv. Hcm-bncw XhW AØ-c-Øn-ep anyym-cq]w {Iqin- s - mepw IpØn-s m-e-s -Sp-Øn-bmepw BcmWv AXv {i n- p-i. F m tbip-hns ico-c-tømsp IqSn-bp BIm-im-tcm-l-Whpw _ln-cm-im-iøv Fhn-sS-sb- nepw At±-l-Øns kwc- -W-hp-sa mw `mhn-bn Hcp {]hm-n- Is Bhiyw \nd-th- p-hm th n am{x-ap XmWv. CXv a\p-jys HuNnXy t_m[-øn {]tim-]\w krjvsn- p- - Hcp `mh\m hnem-k-am- Wv. CØcw hnõn-ø-c-ßƒ sszh- Øn Btcm-]n- p- -Xn-\m Xßƒ in n- -s -Sn-s Ah-cpsS ss[cyw IqSn-bm-hp-tºmƒ F v ]Zm w sim mwv Ah-cpsS a\ v krjvsn- s - -sx v \mw B -cy-s Sp p. Cu {`a Iev]-\-bn \n pw Fs t - p-ambn tamnn-x-cm-hm Ckvemans\ A\p-h-Zn- p-i. At mƒ Cu A -hn-izmkw hf Øn-s m v hcp ax-]p-tcm-ln-x am-cpss ]nsn AtXmsS Ab-bpw. Ah-cpsS Ime-L- 15

-Øns acww Ckvemans \thm- m\ Ime-Øns DZ-b-am-bn-cn- pw. Ah-km-\-tØ-Xm-sW- nepw H pw {]m[m\yw Ipd-bmØ Hcp Imcyw Hcp apkvenw {]hm-n-is thj-øn Hcp C{km-tben {]hm-n-is\ Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xn-\p i- -amb Hcp XS- -ap- v F XmWv. tbip(-a)-hns `qanbnse A`m-h-Øn dkq Xncp-ta-\n (-k) pw tbip-hn\pw Htc-k-abw Jp - B Ah-X-cn- m km[y-a F Imcyw apkvenw bym-ÿn-xni ax-]ptcm-ln-x\v Fßs\ ad- m Ignbpw? Cu ho -W-tIm-Wn-eq-sS-bp-ff \nco- Ww ax-]p-tcm-ln-x am v DØcw ]d-tb \nc-h[n {]bm-k-i-c-amb tnmzy-ß-fp-b Øpw. AXn G hpw {][m-\-s hnjbw At±-l-Øns ax-]-cn-h Ø\w Xs -bm-wv. G hpw henb {]hm-n-i-\mb dkq Xncp-ta- \n(-k) `qan-bn Ah-X-cn Imcyw At±lw Bcn \n v Ft m-gmwv Adn- Xv? kxy-hn-izm-kn-bm-b-xn\v tijw apl-ωzv \_n(-k)-bpss kxy- Øn\v At±lw km yw hln- pthm? At±lw _ln-cm-im-iøv sh v Ckvemw axw kzoi-cn {]Ya hy nbm-sw- n Jp -B-\n \n v H padnbmø At±lØn\v Fßs\ Ckvemw axw BN-cn- m km[n pw? AXpt]mse Jp -B {][m\ amemj Pn{_o aptj\ t\cn p sszh-øn \n pw At±-l-Øn\v e`n- -Xm-sW- n AXv kw_ n hnizoicwamwv \ ti Xv. At±-l-Øn\v _ln-cm-im-iøv sh p Xs -bmwv Jp -B \ I-s - -sx- n At±lw Xo -bmbpw aqkm- \_n(a) v lmdq \_n(-a)sb t]mse apl-ωzv \_n(-k)bpss Hcp ] mfn {]hm-n-i-\m-bn-cn- -Ww. c p t]cpw GI-tZiw Htc ÿm\- ambncp p Ae- -cn- n-cp- -Xv. At±-l- Øn\v Jp -B t\cn v {][m\ amemj hgn ]Tn- n- -s - n- n-s - n `qan-bnte v as-ßp- -Xn\v apºp At±-l- Øns hnizm-k-øns kz`m-h-sa v? CkvemamWv a\pjy h K-Øns Ahkm-\sØ hniz-axw F v sszhw {]Jym-]n- n pw At±lw Hcp PqX {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn Xs XpS-cp-I-bm-bncp- pthm? Cukm-\-_n(-A)-bpsS hnjbw Hcp Akm-[m-cW kw`hw F \ne v Ckvemw ax-ÿm-]-i-\mb dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS Ah-X-c-W- Øn\v tijhpw At±lsØ Hcp Aapkvenambn XpS-cp-hm A\p-h-Zn- s - n-cp- pthm? A m-bn-cp- p-sh- n tbip(-a)-hn\v IqSn Jp -B GsX- nepw hn[-øn shfn-s - n-cn- Ww F bp n-]-c-amb \nk-a-\-øn FØn-t -cp- -Xn \n pw B pw c -s -Sm km[y-a-. {][m\ amem-j v ]Icw dkq Xncp-ta-\n(k) Xm Xs At±-l-Øn\v ktμiw FØn- n-cp- -Xmbn ap -am A`n-{]m-b-s -Sptam? dkq Xncp-ta-\n (-k) hnip Jp -Bs ktμiw Xs A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ v FØn- Xv bmsxmcp a[y-h Øn-bp-tSbpw klm-b-an- msxbmwv. {][m\ amemj At±-l- Øn\v Ah-X-cn- n p simspøsx mtwm AXv At±lw Xs A\p-Nc am v t\cn v ssiam-dn-bn-cp- p. ]t tbip(-a) a[y-ime ap -am-cpss A`n-{]m-b-{]-Imcw BIm-i-Øn sehnsstbm Ccn- p-i-bm-wv. At±-l- Øn\v dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bp-ambn t\cn v _ -sam- p-an-. ChnsS c v hgn-i-fmwv Ah-ti-jn- p- -Xv. H pin At±lw `qan-bn-te v hcp- Xv hsc Jp -B-\nI shfn-]m-sp-isf kw_- n v Xo Øpw A -\m-bn-cn- -Ww. As - n Jp -B tbip - (A)-hn\v am{x-ambn dkq Xncp-ta-\n- (k)-bn \n p Hcp ktμ-iambns m v Ah-X-cn- n-cn- -Ww. ]t Fß-s\-bmWv BIm-i-Øn-cn- p tbip (-A)-hn\v Cu ktμiw {][m\ amem-j-bpss klmbw ho pan- msx FØn- p-hm km[n- pi? Cu `mh\ Atß-b w A]-am-\-I-cambpw Ad- p-f-hm- p coxn-bnepw Hcp hnizm-kn v Hcp \nanjw t]mepw sh p s]mdp- n- m Ign-bmØ hn[w Aßs\ hni-kn- p-i-bm-wv. Btem- Nn p t\m q. {][m\ amemj Jp - B dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) v Ah-Xcn- n p simsp- p p. ]n osv AXv tbip(-a)-hn\v FØn- p-hm dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-tbmSv Xncn p snm n simsp- m A`y Yn p p. AXm-bXv dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bn \n p Hcp ktμiw F \ne v, sszh-øn \n p- -X-. tbip(-a)-hns Ckvemw ax-]-cnh Ø\ hnj-b-øn-te v Xs \ap v asßn hcmw. tbip-hn\v Jp - B bmsxmcp \ne pw shfn-s - n-cp- n-, F nepw At±lw dkq Xncpta-\n-(k)bn hnh-cn- m km[y-a- mø hn[w Ahy- - -amb coxn-bn hniz-kn- p- - p-sh- n At±-lsØ G hpw \ mbn hnti-jn- n- m IgnbpI axw BN-cn- m-øxpw Jp -B- \nim ym-]-\-ßƒ Adn p IqSm-Ø- Xp-amb apkvenw F m-wv. temisøhnssbp-ap apkvenwi-fnse kmam-\y-amb BƒIq- sø Ah A -cm-sw- nepw Ah-cpsS axm-ncww Ah v Ckveman \s mcp ]Zhn \ Ip- p. CØ-c-Øn-ep Hcp tbip `qan-bn-te v hcp- -Xns\ Fßs\ A m-esø alm am-cmb apkvenw ]fin-x amcpw ]ptcm-ln- X amcpw kzmkxw snøpw? At±-l- Øns A -X v ia\w Is - Øm H pw kabw If-bmsX At±lw Camw A a-lvzn-bpss k n-[n-bnte v IpXnt n hcptam? DS Xs CkvemaXw kzoi-cn- p At±l-Øn\v XΩn iwvt IqSn-s m- n-cn- p- apkvenw I n-iƒ ns-bn \ymbw hn[n- m-\p \ymbm-k\w hmkvzm\w snø-s -Sptam? AXy-[nIw kq va-xbpw ]q W-Xbpw Bh-iy-ambn-cn- p AXoh Kuc-h-ta-dnb Cu DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n h-ln- m th n A{X thk-øn At±-lsØ B, Ft mƒ Ckvemw axw ]Tn- n pw? apkvenw ]ptcm-ln-x am At±lsØ `qan-bn Cd-ßp- -Xn\v apºv _ln-cm-im-iøv sh p Xs Hcp apkvenw {]hm-n-i-\mbn ]p\ ZuXyw G ]n- -W-sa v itn- m ]ns, Fßs\ At±-lsØ Ckveman\p apºp Hcp ]gb {]hm-n-i-\mbn ]cn- K-Wn- pw? \ap-s mcp \nk-a-\-øn-seøn t tc- n-bn-cn- p- p. Ckveman\v apºp Hcp Ime-L- -Øn \n pw Hcp {]hm-n-is\ ISw hmßp-tºmƒ H pin At±-lsØ _ln-cm-im-iøv sh v Ckvemanse Hcp apkvenw {]hm- N-I-\mbn ]p\ ZuXyw G ]n- -s - S-Ww. As - n At±lw `qan-bn Cd-ßn-b-Xn\v tijw Hcp apkvenw {]hm-n-i-\mbn ]p\ \nb-a\w snøs -S-Ww. Cu hn{`-am-fl-i-amb Bibw F{X- Xs ]c-kv]c sshcp- y-ßƒ D -Sßn-b-Xpw, a p- -h-cpss kmam\y bp nsb tnmzyw snøp- -Xm-bmepw icn, bmym-ÿn-xn-i-cmb ax ]utcm-ln- Xy-Øn\v AXn Ipep- -an-. sszhni 16

{]h-n-\-ßƒ Ah a\- n-em- p- - Xn bp nbpw Imcy-Im-cW _ hpw bmsxmcp ] pw hln- p- n-. Ckveman\v AXv hcpøn sh p \misø Ipdn v bmsxmcp t_m[-hpan- msx Ah AØcw {]h-n-\- ßfn A -cm Y-Øn ]nsn p Xqßp- p. Cu at\m-tcm-k-amwv Imcyßƒ {Kln- p- -Xnepw Ah-cpsS {]Xo- -I-fnepw B{K-l-ß-fnepw ImWp Bi-b- p-g- -ßƒ v apjy-im-c-ww. Aapkvenamb Hcp {]hm-n-is\ CkvemanI ]q h-im-e-l- -Øn \n pw ISw hmßpi F Xv ]dbms\- fp- -am-wv. CXv apkvenw ax-]p-tcm-ln- X am ImWp- Xv t]mse em`-i-c-amb I -h-s-a-. CXv `qan-bn Ckveman-\- IØv P\n Hcp {]hm-n-i-t\- mƒ ax- ]-cn-h Ø\w snbvxv Ckveman-te v h BIm-iØv \n p Hcp {]hm-n- I-t\m-Sp hnt[-b-xz-sø-bmwv ImWn- p- -Xv. apkvenw ]ptcm-ln-x am A{]-Imcw snøp- -Xn\v ImcWw tbip-hns Cu b n- Ym IY\w aptj\ Ah v [mcmfw sa -ßƒ e`n- m-\p- v. BIm-iØv \n p kμ i-i F \ne v At±lw ]gbxv t]mse Hcp km[m-cw a\pjy {]hm-n-i\p Xpey-\m-bn-cn- n-. F m {]hm-ni Ncn-{X-Øn ti p tiƒhn-bn- m-ø-hn[w At±-l-Øns `qkμ i-\-øn\v apºmbn Xs AXnam-\p-j-amb \nc-h[n Ign-hp-Iƒ At±lw kw`-cn- n-cn- -Ww. tbip-hns Cu anyym-cq]w Xs bmwv At±-l-Øns t]cn-ep AhcpsS A -cm Y-Øn Xqßn-s m- p {]h-n-\-ß-ƒ hºn txmxn ]S p hnsm\p {]hwxbpss hy amb Imc-Ww. bp nbpw Imcy- Im-cW XØzhpw \ncm-i-cn- p hnuvvnøw sim v Ah simspt n hcp hnesb kw_- n v Ah {i n- p- n-s v hy -am-wv. Ah-km-\-Im-eØv Ckvemans \jvs {]Xm-]-ßfpw _lp-a-xn-ifpw hos -Sp- m-\p-ff tpmen Ah tbip-hns\ G ]n- p- p. At±lw GI- \mbns m m-bn-cn pw Z men (A n {InkvXp) s\xnsc BtKmf hym]-i-ambn AXn-i- -amb H - -Æp- `oic kxz-amb Z m-ens\ \new ]cn-im n \in- n- -Xn\v tijw tbiptemi `c-w-øns Xmt m Ckvemw axhnizm-kn-isf G ]n- pw. am{x-a At±-l-w kw`-cn- -p Af-h [\hpw kºøpw hnx-cww snø-s Spw. Aßs\ Z m-en-s\-xn-sc-bp bp - ØneqsS At±lw kw`- -cn- p bp apx-ep-iƒ DΩ-Øns Im Io-gn sim v h v sh pw. apkvenwi-fpss cmjv{so-bhpw kmº- Øn-I-hp-amb {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn- - Xn\v tijw ax-hp-ambn _ -s {]h- N-\-ß-fn-te v At±-l-Øns {i Xncn-bpw. At±lw {InkvXp ax-øn-s\- Xn-sc-bp {]Nfi-amb B{I-aWw Bcw-`n- pw. temi-øp F m Ipcnipw Ah F v hkvxp- -fp-]-tbm- Kn v \n an- -Xm-Is Ah XI pi F Xmbn-cn pw At±-l-Øns bp X{ w. CXn-\mbn At±lw F m IØo{U-ep-Ifpw samwm-kv{sn-ifpw, ]f-fn-i-fpw t {X-ßfpw B{i-a-ßfpw kμ in- pw. F m sxcp-hp-i-fnepw ] -W-ß-fnepw F m CS-h-gn-I-fnepw Ipcn-ip-a-t\z-jn v At±lw sns Øpw. Hcp]t -kv{xo-i-fm-bncn- pw At±-l-Øns Cu kq vamt\z-j-w-øns Cc-Iƒ. ImcWw kv{xoi-fmwv Ah-cpsS B`-c-W-ßfnepw a pw Ipcniv AS-bm-f-s -SpØn [cn p \S- p NoØ kz`m-h-ap- h F Imcyw At±lw {i n- n-cn- pw. kv{xoiƒ Ah-cpsS Igp-Øn Ipcniv Xq n-bn- n-cn- p- Xpw At±-l- Øns ZrjvSn-bn s -Spw. Bb-Xn- \m A-t±lw kv{xoi-fpss Hmtcm hfbpw, t{_kvse pw Ipcn-i-S-bm-f-ap Xq nbpw IΩ-ep-sa mw X n- -dn p sim p t]mipw. tbip t]mip ]mxbn IqsS kv{xoi-sf-ßm\pw IS p t]mim Xp\n- m Ah mwv IjvSw. ]t Ah v FhnsS Ibdn Hfn- m\pw c -s -Sm\pw km[n- pw? ]mhw \n -lm-b-cmb \n `m-ky-h-xn-iƒ! At±lw F m hosp-i-fnepw Ibdn F m B`-c-W-s - n-ifpw kq n pÿeßfpw Ipcn-in\p th n sk v snøpw. F m Npa-cp-Ifpw aqe-ifpw Acn p s]dp pw. Aßs\ Ipcniv At±lw A -cm Y-Øn apdn- p- Ibpw `qap-jøv \n v hn]m-s\w snøp- Ibpw snøpw. Cu ZuXyw snbvxp Xo p- Xv hsc At±-l-Øn\v hn{im- n-bn-. CXmWv apkvenw bmym-ÿn- XnI ax ]ptcm-ln-x am v tbip snøp ZuXysØ kw_- n Z i\w. AXv am{x-a-, Aßs\ At±lw {XnXzØns F m AS-bm-fßfpw XpS p \o n-b-tijw {]h-n\ {]Im-c-apff as mcp ZuXy-Øn-te v \oßp- -Xm-Wv. XpS- -Øn temi- Øp k h AapkvenwI-sfbpw sims m-sp- p-hm At±lw H pw kabw If-bpIbn-. H pin Ah Ckveman-te v axw amdww. As - n acn- -Ww. AXm-bn-cn pw AapkvenwIƒ v sxc-s -Sp- m- \p ct c v am K-ßƒ. Cu a\pjy Iim v ]cn-]msn Akm-[m-c-Wamb am KØn-emWv At±lw \n h-ln- p-i. CXn-lm-k-ß-fnse hymfnsb t]mse At±lw hmbn-eqss Xo Xp pw. F m temi-øn-ep Hcp CXn-lmk-ß-fnepw AØcw Hcp hymfnsb ImWp-hm km[y-a-. G hpw `oi-camb b n-i-y-i-fn t]mepw AØ-c- Øn-ep H p- m-hn-. At±-l-Øns hmbn \n pw han- p A n-kv^penw-k-ß-tf v ssaep-iƒ p-d-ap At\Iw Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ t]mepw NsØm-Spßpw. At±-l-Øns hmfns ]cn-[n-bn-ep Ahn-izm-kn-IfpsS inc v DS-en \n v \ne-øp-cpfpw. At±lw hfsc IrXy-ambn Cu Ahn-izm-kn-Isf Xncn- -dnbpw ImcWw Ah-cpsS s\ n-bn A - -Im-^n (-Ahn-izm-kn) F v hep-xmbn FgpXn ]Xn- n- p- m-bn-cn- pw. Cu hn[w At±lw apkvenwi-sfm-gnsi Hcm-sfbpw Pohn- m-\-\p-h-zn- n-. Xo -bmbpw {InkvXy cln-x-amb temiøv ]ns Hscm Ipcn-im-cm-[-I-cp-ap- m-hn-. Aßs\ `mh-\-bn-ep tbip-hns AXp-ey-amb Iq -s m-e-]m-x-i-ßƒ v Xnc-»oe hogpw. `ph\w apgps Zp K w sim v ]qcn-x-am-ipw. No fn ih-i-co-c-ß-fn \n v han- p Zp -l-amb Zp K w sim v \nd-bpw. Nne Iim v snøs - n-cn- pw. Nne s]m -te- m-bncn pw acn- p- X.v hntzzjw Aßs\ hntzz-jsø P\n- n- p- p. c -s m-cn- n ho pw c -s m-cn- n-ep- m- p- p. tbip-hns `qan-bnse Ah-km- \sø c cq n-x-amb {]hrøn ] nh KsØ \njvim-k\w snøpi F -Xm-bn-cn- pw. ] n-iƒ v bmsxmcp ÿehpw \o n-sh- p- -X-. F m B ] n-itfbpw s] ] n-itfbpw Ah-bpsS Ip p-ßtfbpw hmfn-\n-c-bm- pw. Iøn JUvKhpw hmbn A n-bp-ambn tbip 17

F m ] -W-ßfpw {Kma-ß-fpw sxcp-hp- I-fpw hosp-ifpw ] n- q-sp-ifpw Be- Ifpw kμ in v Hfn- n-cn- p F m ] n-i-tfbpw txsn-]n-sn- pw. At±lw F m Im p {]tz-i-ßfpw kμ in pw. B{^n- -bnse Ip n- m-sp-ifpw ASn psaxn- pw. sx Ata-cn- bnse ag- m-sp-i-fnepw ] n th - n-dßpw. ssn\tbbpw P m-t\bpw CXn \ns m-gn-hm- n-. ] n-bn-d n hfsc {]nb-s - -Xmbn Icp-Xp sx s]k-^n- nse Zzo]p-I-fn ] n-sb At±lw Acn p s]dp- pw. a\pjy Ncn-{X-Øn as mcp {]hm- N-I\pw snømø c cq n-xhpw hrøn- si -Xp-amb Imcy-ß-fmWv tbip-hn apkvenw bym-ÿn-xn-ixzw Z in- p- -Xv. CXmWv dkq Xncp-ta- \n (-k)bpss AKm-[-amb m\- tømsv apkvenw ax-]p-tcm-ln-x am snbvxp sh -Xv. A -c-ß-fpss IqSp- Iƒ s]mfn v AXnse {]h-n-\-ß-fpss Bflm-hn-te pw ssnx-\y-øn-te pw Npgn- n-d-ßm Ah v Ign-bp- n-. Cu {]h-n-\-ønse hmkvzø akolv(-a)hn-s bym Y {]hrøn a\pjy kaq-lsø a\p-jyxz cln-xamb kz`m-h-ß-fn \n pw ]m]-ßfn \n pw ip o-i-cn- pi F -Xm- Wv. ] n-bpss {]XoIw AØcw Xn - I-sf-bmWv {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- -Xv. ChnsS [mcmfw ] n-ifpw ark-ßfpw Ah-bpsS \ne-\n n\v th n ]gßfpw I j-is A zm-\hpw Ih s -Sp- m-dp- v. AXv Ah-bpsS Poh \ne-\n Øm th nbmwvv. F m B Pohn-I-sfm pw Xs [m\y-ßfpw snsnifpw shdpsx ck- Øn\p th n \in- n- m-dn-. F m ] n Ah-bn \ns mw thdn p \n p- p. AXn\v CØ-c-Øn-ep \io-i-cw {]h-w-x-bp- v. ] n-iƒ v AXns Ip p-ß-fpss ih-ßƒ ` n- pi F Ip{]-kn- -amb KpWw IqSn-bp- v. IS Pohn-I-f- msx as mcp Pohnbpw AXns Ip p-ßsf NØp-I-gn- m ` n- m-dn-. c -Zm-ln-bmb knwl-am-is {Iqc- \mb sn m-b-bm-is AXns h K- Øn s Pohn acn p InS- p-tºmƒ AXv ] nwn InS v NØmepw AXns amwkw Xn p -Xns\] n kz]v\w ImWpI t]mepw snøn-. AXp-t]mse ] n-iƒ Hcn- epw AXns Ip pßƒ NØm AXns amwkw ` n- m-dn-. B ] n-bm-is Ah c pw kky-`p- p-i-fm-sw v \mw Hm Ww. ]t Nne ss]im-nn-iamb t{]c-w-i-fm Ah Xß-fpsS Ip p-ßƒ NØm AXns amwkw cpnn p t\m pw. AXp-sIm v hmkvzø akolv ] nsb sim pw F {]h-n-\-øn-e-s-ßnb ktμiw hfsc {]I-S-am-Wv. a\p-jy-\nse Xe-Xncn sshirx kz`m-h-ßƒs -Xnscbp hnip bp -sø-bmwv CXv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. AXm-bXv Iq -sime \S-Øm\pw Zp _-e-cpss Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Ih s -Sp m-\p-ap a\p-jys {]h- WXsb n. ] n-iƒ kz w Ip pß-fpss amwkw ` n- p kz`m-hap P p-hm-wv. B[p-\nI ImeØv Ip n-isf Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xn-s\- bmwv CXv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. kz w Ip n-iƒs -Xn-sctbm As - n a p Ip n-iƒs -Xn-sctbm BWv a\p-jy Cßs\ s]cp-am-dp- -Xv. c- m-bmepw CXv ] n-bpss kz`m-h-am-wv. B[p-\nI ImeØv kaq-l-øn Cu hnjbw Hcp s]mxp kwkm-c-ambn amdn-bn-cn- p- p. AXn\v IqSp-X hni-zo-i-c-w-øns Bh-iy-an-. a p thsdmcp ark-tøbpw a\p-jys Cu ss]im-nni IrXy-hpambn Xmc-Xayw snøm-\m-in-. Xn -Iƒs Xn-sc-bp bp w Ft mgpw {]hm-n-i am-cpss {]hrønbm-wv. A{]-Imcw tbip {InkvXp (A)hpw At±-l-Øns c mw hchpw Be- m-cn-im Y-Øn a\- n-em- p-ibm-sw- n CXn bmsxmcp sshnn{xy-hp-an-. AØ-c-Øn Hcmfmb tbip-hns\ apkvenw ]ptcm-ln- X am _nw_-h-xv -cn ncn p- IbmWv. At±-lsØ Ah A cm YØn ] nsb sim p Bfmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- p. CXn F mwv Ah v ImØn-cn- m\pw kzmkxw snøm-\p-ap- -Xv. Cu IÆnepÆn h v ark-tem-iøv \n pw ] n- Isf th -bmsn \in- n- p almzuxyw \n h-ln- p-tºmƒ Xo bmbpw At±-lw A`n-\-μn- s Sp- p. A{]ImcamWv Cu `qtkmf-øn h v Xs D z-e-amb A yzn-h-k-ßƒ sne-h-gn- p-tºmƒ At±-l-Øn\v kap-nn-x-amb BZ-cm-`n-\- μ-\-ßƒ \ Is SpI!! I Øm-hmb tbip-hn\v kvxpxn-bm-bn-cn- s. ISen\p api-fnepw Ic v api-fn-epw, Xmgvhmc-Iƒ v api-fnepw Cu kvxpxn hn\w apg-ßpw. a\p-jy-cpss Iq lxy- p awn-bsn ] nawn-i-fn \n mbn-cn n apg-ßp-i. an\m-dß-fn \n pw apa±ns (_m p simsp- p- bmƒ) \ne-hnfn Zqc-Zqc Zn p-i-fn tiƒ p-am-dm-ipw. A mlp AIv_ A mlp AIv_ sszh-amwv alm, sszh-amwv alm,c -I- \mb \ΩpsS tbip-hn\v kvxpxn-bm-bncn- -s. Ah-km\w `qan-bn \n pw hns ]d-bp- -Xn\p apºmbn as mcp IrXyw IqSn At±-l-Øn\v snbvxp Xo m-\p- v. F m C m-cy-øn At±-l- Øn\v ap -am-cpss klmbw Bh-iy-ap- v. AXp-h-tc-bp tbip-hns {]h Ø-\-ßƒ ap -amsc klm-bn- m- \p Xmbn-cp- p. CØ-hW ap -amsc Hcn- se nepw tbip-hns\ klm-bn- m-\-\p-h-zn- pi! tbiphns BtKmf ]cm-{iahnp-b-ßƒ v tijw ap -am- At±-lsØ hnhmlw Ign- n- pi F {]hr-øn-bn klm-bn- p- -Xm-bn-cn- pw, AXyp-{K-amb Iq \io-i-c-w-øn-t bpw c s mcn- nent bpw ]mx-iƒ Xm nb tijw hnhmlw At±-l-Øn A{X kzmk- Xm l-amb am w D m- n-bn-s v hcpw. Cu {]h-n-\-ß-fpss A -cm Y- Øn-ep km m-xv m-csø ] n Kuc-h-]q W-amb Fs - nepw {i aq am - p-s - n, tbip-hn k m\ e_v[n-bp- m-hp D X KpW kº- -bmb Hcp apkvenw I\y- Isb Ah Is -tø- -Xp- v. Aßs\ tbip hnhmln-x-\m-hm t]mhp p! Nne _lp-am-\y-cmb ap am hnhm-l-sø- p-dn- v hmbn- -dn- n- p- m-i-ww. tbip-hn\v Xs aisf \ Im kω-xn {]Xn{ipX h[phns ]nxm-hn(-iz-ip-c )-t\msv hnhm-l-tlm-jsø kw_- n v B _lp-am-\-s ap m- ƒ Imcy-ßƒ At\z-jn- -dn-bp- p. At±-l-Øns kω-x-øn\v tijw tbip-hns Dugam-Wv. Aßs\ \n ZnjvS hnhmlw Dd- n- -s -Sp- p. Fs mcp awk-f-i-c-amb aplq Øw! Fs mcp l tjm- mzw! c m-bn-c-øn-e-[niw sim sø Ahn-hmlnX Pohn-X-Øn\v tijw At±lw Fgp-t p \n p kω-x `mhøn Xe-bm- p- p: AtX F\n v kω-x-am-wv! A tbm {]n-bs ap m! AtX F\n v kω-x-am-wv. CXn-t\- 18

mƒ D -X-amb coxn-bn tbiphns alm-]-cm-{ia hnpbw BtLmjn- m-\pt m! Ing v apx ]Sn- mdv htcbpw hs v apx sx v htcbpw At±-l-Øn\v kvxpxn-iƒ Be-]n p sim v Io Ø-\-ßƒ Dbcpw. a[pc at\m- -amb hnhm-l-km-\- ßƒ sim v A -co w apj-cn-x-am- Ipw. AXn\v tijw At±-l-Øn-\p- m- Ip A\pKr-lo-X-amb BZysØ Ip n\pw XpS v BWpw s]æpambn hcp Ip p-ßƒ pw th n DtZzK-P-\-I-amb ImØn-cn- m-bn-cn- pw. c m-bn-chpw AXn-e-[n-Ihpw {]mbap tbip k m-\-ßsf D ]m-zn- n- p- -Xn-eqsS At±lw F m-e-tø- mfpw al-ømb Hcp Znhym-Zv`p-X-am-bncn pw \n h-ln- p- Xv. At±-l- Øns Bflmhv F m-eøpw i - am-bn-cp- p. i n-bn At±-l-Øns ico-chpw H pw ]n n-e F v CXv sxfn-bn- p- p. Xo -bmbpw Fs mcp Znhym-Zv`pXw! kpzo L-amb Ime-L w At±-lsØ IqSp-X i - \m- n-bn-cn- p- p. buh\ bp amb {]Ya kμ ii `qan-bn sh v Xs Xs hm -Iy-sa mw Ipgn p aqs-s - n-cn p p. Ah-km\w ac-w-øns \mgni hs -Øp- p. Fs mcp Akqbm l-amb ac-w-am-bn-cn- p-axv! At±lw P\n Znh-kw A\p-Kr-loX ]q Wambn-cp p. acn- p coxnbpw A\p-Kr- -lo-x-am-bn-cn- pw. CXmWv tbip-hns sf{μ-pmeniamb IY. CXmWv ap -am Ckveman-Im- ym-]-\- -ßƒ \ Ip F m a{z-k-i-fnepw Xß-fpsS hnzym Yn-I-tfmSv \nc cw ]d p sim n-cn- p- -Xv. h j-ßƒ v ]ndsi h j-ß-fmbn Xe-ap-d-Iƒ v ]ndsi Xe-ap-d-I-tfmSv Ah CXv ]d p simt -bn-cn- p- p. Nn m-iq-\ycpw `uxni {]a-ø-cpamb ap -am sszhn-i-amb Cu {]h-n- \-Øns cq]w Xs am n adn p If- p. CXn-t\- mƒ `o`- -amb Hcp-Zml-cWw apgp-h ax-n-cn-{x-ønepw \ap v ImWm km[y-a-. CXv apkvenw ]ptcm-ln-x am v am{x-ap Hcp khn-tij kz`m-h-a-. FhnsS Ft m-sg mw ax-]p-tcm-ln-x am axhy-h-ÿ-bpss t\xrxzw Gs -Sp-Øn- pt m Ah-sc mw bmym Yy-ßsf si p-i-y-bmbpw kxysø anøp-ifmbpw am n-bn- p- v. kmam\y _p nbpw bp n t_m[-hp-an- m-øhcpw \ymbsø \ymb-t -Sn \n v Xncn- -dn-bm tijn-bn- m-ø-h-cp-amb ax-t\-xr-xzsø XßfpsS hnizmkw G ]n p simsp- p km[m-c-w- mc \ ti hne CXm-Wv. Ah Fs mw I -hsw \S-Øn-bmepw AhcpsS Nc- n bp n F Hcp km[- \-ap- m-hn-. apkvenw ]ptcm-ln-x am-cpss Cu \ne Xs -bmwv temi-øn-ep F m ax-t\-xm- am-cp-ts-bp-sa- -XmWv G hpw Zpc- -]q W-amb kwk-xn. Ckvemans A na hnp-b-sø- pdn v sx mb hymjym-\-ß-fn Ah ]Sp-Øp-b -Øn-bn-cn- p- hyym {]Xo- -Iƒ aco-nn-ibpw anyy-bp-ambn amdnbn-cn- p- p. bmsxmcp ax-hy-hÿ pw t\xrxzw simsp- m Ah tbmky-c! ]g-b-xm-hs ]pxn-b-xm-hs sszh-a-b Hcp {]hm-n-i-t\bpw ]n p- S-cm\pw Ah v A l-x-bn-. tbip-hns i n-sim- mwv Ckveman\v A na hnp-bw ssih-cni F ap -am-cpss Z i\w, Ckvemans hnp-b-øn-\m-bp A naka-c- Ønse ] m-fn-ø-øn \n pw Ahsc Hgn p \n Øp- p. kxy-øn Ah v th Xv Hcp {]hmn- -I-s\-b-. Hcp ASn-a-bm- -s Hcp `qxsøbm-wv. Ah- -cpss B{K-l-ßƒ -\p-kcn- p CØ-c-Øn-ep Hcp Cukm- \_n AYhm tbip CXn\p apºp {]hm-ni kaq-l-ß-fn Hcn- epw Is -Øp-I-bn-. hnip Jp -B- \ntem at -sx- nepw ax-{kÿ-ß-fntem P\-ßsf shdpsx CcpØn Ah- v ta[m-hnxzw ÿm]n- m th n H v t]mcm-sp Hcp {]hm-n-is\ ImWphm km[y-a-. CXm-bn-cp p tamkkn (-A)-t\mSv PqX am Bhiys Xpw, \ncm-i-cn- -s - -Xpw. tnmcbpw hnb pw No msx GsX- nepw Hcp ax-øn\v A na hnpbw e`n- p-sa- n ]ns XymKw snøm th n \nc- cw Bh-iy-s -Sp Hcp {]hm-n- I\v Fhn-sS-bmWv ÿm\w? Ah-cpsS `mh-\-bn-ep AXn-i-b-I-c-amb Ign-hp- I-fp tbip, Hcp sszhni ]cnjvi Ømhv F -Xn-t\- mƒ Hcp Pn v F \ne- mwv tbmpn- p-i. hmkvxh-øn Ah-cpsS bym Y hnjbw, ]gbtxm ]pxn-btxm Bb {]hm-n- Is\ kw_- n- p-f-f-x-. AXv k hwkm[y-amb Hcp Pnt m, {]hm-n- It\m F Xv kw_- n- m-wv. Ad_n mkn v kmln-xy-amb Bbn -c-søm v - cmhnse IYsb A\p-kva-cn- n- p- - XmWv Ah-cpsS kao-]\w. B IY Cß-s\-bmWv. Hcn- Hcp hgn-hm-wn- `- m-cs thj-øn Hcp am{ n-i _mkvzm-znse sxcp-hp-i-fn ]gb hnf- n\p ]Icw ]pxnb hnf v, ]gb hnf- n\p ]Icw ]pxnb hnf v F v D -Øn hnfn p ]d p sim v Ae p \S- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p: sxcphnse hosp-i-fnse F m ho -Ω-amcpw Ah-cpsS ]gb hnf- n\v ]Icw ]pxnb hnf v hmßp-hm th n hmxn- -te- v IpXn p h p. Xo bmbpw hfsc Blvfm-Z-I-c-amb am I -hsambn-cp p AsX v Ah hnnm-cn- p. Aßs\ hnnmcn pi kz`m-hn-iamwt m. F m A q Ønsemcp ho ΩbpsS ]gb hnf v Hcp km[mcw hnf mbncp p. I]Sthj mc\mb I hs mc\v hnf v simspøxn\v tijamwv ho Ω v hnf ns A pxkn n sb n Adnbm Ign Xv. Ahƒ simspø ]gb hnf n\iøv A]-cnan-X-amb i n-bp Hcp `qxsø AS w snbvxn-cp- p. Pn ns\ AS w snbvx B hnf ns DS-a B Pn ns bp-am-\\mhpw F -Xns\ kw_- n v Ahƒ v bmsxm- p-a-dn-bn- m-bn-cp- p. I]S thjawn am{ ni\mb hgnhmwn` mc\v bym YØn hnf nembncp n Xm ]cyw AXneS w snbvx `qxønembncp p. Pn ns Ign-hp- Isf ] n Adn- n-cp-s - n B Pn ns\ AS w snbvx ]gb hnf- n\p ]Icw Hcp timsn ]pxnb hnf- p-iƒ \ Inbmepw AsXm p-am-bncp- n-. bym Y-Øn ap -am v apl-ωzv \_n (-k) bpss {]Im-i-Øm IØp ]pxnb hnf- nt\mtsm aqkm \_n(a)- bpss DΩ-Øns ]gb hnf- n-t\mtsm Xm ]cyan. Ah- v sf{μ-pm-eni i n-ifp Xß-fpsS `mh-\m krjvsnbmb tbip-hnemwv Xm ]-cyw. {]hm- N-I-Xz-Øns Znhy-sh-fn w Ahsc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw bmsxm- p-a-. Ah {i n- p- -sxm pw {]hm-n-i-xz- Øn-te-, Ah v Bh-iy-ap- Xpw Hcp {]hm-n-i-s\-b. Ah v th Xv euin-i-x-bpss kºøpw AXns hne-t]-i-ep-i-fn-te pw Ahsc \bn- 19

p ASn-a-bmb cm k`qx-søbmwv. cmjv{so-bhpw kmº-øn-i-hp-amb ta[m-hn-xz-amwv Ah-cpsS HSp-ßmØ A`n-emjw. AXn-\m-Is Ah v bmsxmcp k m-l-ß-fp-an-. Ah ]cnio-en- -s Htc-sbmcp kwkxn apkvenans c w Nn pi F Xv am{x-am-wv. apkvenwi-fpss IØnsIm v Xs a p apkvenw-isf Iim v snø am{x-amwv Ah ]Tn Htcsbmcp ]Wn. GsX- nepw Hcp apkvenw cmpyøv c cq nx hnπhw krjvsn- p ap m`c-ww (Mullachcracy) -a- p- hscbm-scbpw hgn sx n- p n-. AXv bmsxmcp Xc-Ønepw temi-ønse im ni k p-e-\sø _m[n- n-. imkv{xo-bhpw kmt -Xn-I-hp-amb ]ptcm-k-xn-bn- msxbpw, Xß-fpsS kº-zvl-s-\sb D o-hn- n- m-sxbpw hyh-km-b-ßsf hnπ-h-i-c-ambn \ho- I-cn- m-sxbpw D -X-amb kmt -XnI hnzy-i-fm \ho-i-cn- -s ssk\ni kma-{kn-i-fn- m-sxbpw \ne-hn-ep im ni k p-e-\sø am n-øn-cp-ømsa hymtam-l-øm BtKmf h i- n-isf sh p hnfn- p- Xv ip {`m m-wv. Fs m-c ]-Ø-c-am-Wn-Xv. Ah v Hcn- -se- nepw Ah-cpsS Cu e yw {]m]n- m km[n- ptam? Ckvemw ax ÿm]-i-cmb dkq Xncp-ta-\n-(k)-bpsS al-ømb {]N-c-Wßƒ \n e- amw hn[w hnir-x-am- n- Øo p- -Xns t]cn Ah in n- -s -SmsX t]min F -h Xncn- -dn-bp- -Xm-Wv. Ahsc \bn- p- h Ah v th n \mi-a- msx as m- pw sim phcn. sszh-øns m\w XS p F Ip -Øn\v Ah \ ti hne-bm-bncn panxv. Ahsc Hcp aqe- v CcpØp-I. F n v IS p t]mip Zn\hpw cm{xnbpw Ah \nco- n- -s. BIm-i-ho-Yn-Iƒ Ah t\m n ]m -s. Ah-cpsS CXnlmk cq]n-bmb c -I BImi iq\y-x-bn \n pw Ah-tcm-ln-X\mhp- -Xns Imsem tiƒ m Ah ImXp Iq n- n-cn- -s. {]Xo- p ta {]Xo- I-fp-ambn A-h Pohn- s. Xe-ap-d v tijw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ h p. ho pw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ hcp-sa- nepw Ah simsnb \ncm-i-bn ho pw ho pw \in-s m-sp-ßpw. Ah-cpsS h{io-i-cn- -s Z i-\-ß-fp-w BZ ihpw {]hrønbpw XΩn-ep sshcp- y-ß-fptsbpw he-s -Wn-bn \n pw Bcpw Hcn- epw Ahsc c n- m-\mbn hcn-. Ah-cpsS ssz\w-zn\ Pohn-X-Øn Ah IS p t]mip Hmtcm \nan-j-øn \n pw kv]μn- p Hmtcm sk n \n pw sszh- `bw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn Ah-cn \n pw HmSn-b-I-ep- p. kxy-k- X, \oxn, \nkzm YX, XymKw, ]c-kv]c ktlm- Zc kvt\lw, A\y-tcmSp _lp-am\w F mw ]g-b-im-esø aqey-ß-fmbn Xo n-cn- p- p. Ah C pw {]nbw-ic-ambn Hm an- -s -Sp- p-s - nepw {]mtbm-kni Pohn-X-Øn ]men- -s - Sp- n-. B aqey-ßsf ] n Fs mcp Xo{hm-`n-em-j-tØm-sS-bmWv Ah kwkm-cn- p- Xv. Fs mcp kvt\lm- Xn-tc-I-tØm-sSbpw lrzb hmbvt]mtbmssbpamwv Ah-c-Xns\ hne axn- p- Xv. ]t AsX mw Hm a-bpss kvarxn tij-c-øn am{x-am-wv. sim, Ih, sime-]m-x-iw, Ip n-i-fpss Zpcp-]-tbm-Kw, X n-s m p t]mi, hy`n-nm-cw, Akm am Kn-I- X, thiym-hr-øn, NXn, h \ Chsb mw AXv hn]m-s\w snøm {ian- p- -h-cn-emwv ImWp- -Xv. a p- -h Ahn-ip _ -Øn Ah-tcm-sSm w Pohn- p-ibpw snøp- p. kam-[m-\- Øns Imh m-cm Xs \nd ]I shfn- -Øn Iq _em- w-kßƒ Ac-tß-dp- p. ssi q-en, Agna-Xn, \nb-a-øns kwc- -I-sc v ]db-s -Sp \ymbm-[n-] am-cpss e m- I-c-amb \nb-a-ew-l\w, kam-[m-\- Ønse Imh m-cm-ti kaqløns \nbaw Iøn-se-Sp-, kam-[m-\sø `RvPn- Aßs\ {Ia-an- mbva am{xw Hcp kaq-l-øns {Ia-ambn amdn-bn-cn- p- p. F nepw hnnn-{x-sa v ]d-bs B kaq-l- Øns icn-bn \n v sx v th Xn-cn- -dn-bm-\p apgp-h hnth-n\ t_m[hpw \jvs-s - n- n-. Ah-cpsS kaqlw krjvsn- p Xn sb Xs bmwv B kaqlw shdp- p- Xv. Ah \n h-ln- p `oi-cxsb Ah \ncm-i-cn- p- p. Ah D -kn p aen-\ hmbp-hm Ah v acwønte v \bn p tcmkw _m[n- n-cn- p- p. F m Znh-khpw FhnsSbpw Xn -bm s]m n-sbm-en- p P\-ßƒ Xn sb \nμn p kwkm-cn- p- p. IpSn sxm v sim mcw hsc Ah Xm oxv snøs -Sp-Ibpw A]-e-]n- -s -Sp-Ibpw A[n-t -]n- -s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- p. kaqløns Hc- w apx at -b w hsc AXns {]Xn- z\ntiƒ mw. F n pw Ah F{X {]nb -c-amb coxn-bn-emwv AXns\ Bt«-jn- n-cn- p- -Xv, F{X KmV-amb coxn-bn-emwv AXns\ si n- p-w n-cn- p- -Xv. kaq-l-øns F m hn`mkw Bfp- Ifpw F{X hnizm-k-]q hw ssz\wzn\- Po-hn-X-Øn AXp-ambn H n-t n-cn- p- p. Ah-cpsS hmb A]-e-]n- p- sx- mtwm AXmWv Ah-cpsS Icßƒ snøp- -Xv. Cu If-hn-emWv Ah Pohn- p-itbm acn- p-itbm snøp- -Xv. Ah Znt\\ acn- p-i-bm- Wv. F n pw Ah AXns\ Poh F v hnfn- p- p. apkvenw aqey-ßfpss kq n- p-im Fhn-sS-bm-Wv. am\y-amb s]cp-am- -Øns {]Im-i-hml-I Fhn-sS-bm-Wv? Cu Ibvt]-dnb bmym YysØ ] n Ah-cn-em-sc- nepw Ah-cpsS kpj-\n{z Hcp \nan-j-tøs - nepw ]mgm- n-bn- pt m? F psim v AXv BcpsSbpw {i ]nsn p ] mø kwk-xn-bmbn amdn. AXn ap -am-cpss `mkøv \n p Pm{KX F mwv? sszh hn[n-bpss kabw Bk- -am-bm a -b-ans ai Cuk(-A) BIm-iØv \n pw Cdßn h v apkvenwisf `cw \nb-{ -W- Øns D -X-amb ÿm\-ß-fn D]- hn-jvt-cm- p-sa v hniz-kn- n- m th n {]hm-n-is Npa-en t]mepw Im sh m Hcp ap asn- n-. ap -bpss kz]v\-ßƒ G hpw henb ax-{`m- mwv. ]t Abmƒ v Fßs\ AXv a\- n-emhpw? {`m -amb kz]v\-ßƒ Hcn- epw Ccp- ns\ shfn- -am- n-. Hcn- epw AXv Hcp ]pxnb {]-`m-x-øns shfn w sim p hcn-. Hmtcm ]pxnb {]`m-x-ßfpw AØcw kz]v\-ßsf XI p- p. Dd-ßp ap AhnsS InS- -s. AKm-[-amb \n{z-bn ebn- p-d-ß-s. Ime-Øns shfn w ImWm th n dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)- bpss DΩ-Øns\ X\nsb hnsm Abmsf A\p-h-Zn- p-i. REFERENCES 1. Translation of The Holy Quran 3:50 by the author. 20

dkq Xncpta\n (k) sbipdn v {]Xn`mimenIƒ ]dbp p: hmƒxe v sim v Imcyßƒ Xocpam\n ncp A meøv Ckveman\v Hcp ÿm\w t\sns mspøxv hmf F v F\n v apºtø mƒ t_m yambn....{]hmnit Xv Atßb w efnxamb PohnXambncp p. {]hmnis hn\bw, {]Xn Iƒ \ndth m\p AN eamb {]Xn_ X, kvt\lnx mtcmspw A\pNc mtcmspap Xo{hamb ka Ww, \n `bxzw, sszhønepw Xs ZuXyØnepap ASnbpd hnizmkw CsXms bmbncp p F m XS ßsfbpw AXnPohn v Ah v F mw t\sns mspøxv. A msx hmf. c mw hmeyw ({]hmnis PohNcn{XØns ) hmbn p Ign t mƒ At±lØns PohnXsØ pdn v IqSpX hmbn n Ft m Øv Rm ZpxJn pibp mbn Mahatma Gandhi-Young India-1924 aplωzob nsbn ]q W kaxzhpw kmtlmzcyhpamwp sx v aplωzns PohnXw Xs kzbw sxfnhmwv. AhnsS hwiøns tbm PmXnbpsStbm h WØns tbm enwkøns tbm {]iv\apzn p n. Xp nbnse kp Øm\v B{^n bnse ASna bn \n pw Hcp \ot{kmsb hne v hmßn Nße n v Xp nbnte v sim phcmw. F m B \ot{km Hcp apkvenw BIpIbmsW n Ah v \n nx tbmkyxbpw IgnhpIfpw kn n p p. Ah\v Xp n kp Øms aisf hsc hnhmlw snøm km yamwv. AtXkabw \ot{kmitfmspw Atacn \n y mtcmspw Cu cmpyw (Atacn ) Fßs\ s]cpamdp p F v XmcXayw snbvxp t\m q. (Teachings of Swami Vivekananda, Chapter on Mohammed and Islam) Atd_ybnse alm\mb {]hmnis PohnXhpw kz`mhhpw ]Tn p Hcmƒ Fßs\bmWv At±lw A ym]\w \n hln Xv, Fßs\ bmwv Pohn Xv Fs mw Adnbp p. Aßs\bp Hcmƒ v F v txm nbmepw icn kap Xcmb sszhzqx m nsbnse {]Xm]imenbmb Cu {]hmnis\ pdn v BZchv txm mxncn m Ignbn. Rm At±lsØ pdn v F v ]d mepw AXv ]e pw Adnbp ImcyßfmsW v F\n dnbmw. ]t, F\n v kzbw t_m ys Hcp Imcyw At±lsØ pdn v hmbn ptºmsg mw Hcp ]pxnb coxnbnep BZcw, Hcp ]pxnb coxnbnep Bcm[\, {]`mhhm\mb B Atd_y Kpcphnt\msS\n p mip p. ( Annie Besant - The Life and Teachings of Muhammed - Madras 1933P. 4) 21

tej\w CkvemanI imkv{xw: ]ptcmkxnbpssbpw ssiyneyøns bpw ImcWw s{]m^. A p emw B[p\nI `uxni imkv{xønse AXnImb\pw t\m_ kωm\ tpxmhpamb teji hniz{]ikvx\mb AlvaZn imkv{x \mwv. apkvenw temisø imkv{x Ncn{Xw ]cma in p teji ]pdta \n p B{IaWßtf mƒ ]cnjv cwßtfmsp hnapjxbpw {InbmXvaI hna i\øns A`mhhpw A amb A\pIcW {`ahpambncp p apkvenw temiøv imkv{x {]_p X \ne v t]mim ImcWsa v hnebncpøp p. 1982 sabv 11 \v _lvssd bqwnthgvkn nbn snbvx {]kwkøn \ns SpØXmWv Cu tej\w 8,9,10 \q m pifn apkvenwiƒ imkv{x cwkøv IpXn p Ibdm\p mb ImcWsa mwv? apjyambpw aqs ÆamWv. H maxmbn hnip Jp Bs bpw Xncp\_n (k)bptsbpw Bh Øn p sim p Blzm\ ßfmWv. Uamkv kv bqwnthgv kn nbnse tum. AbvPmkp JmØn_v ]dbp Xv imkv{x ]T\Øn\v Jp B simspø {]m[m\yw A\ntj[yamsW mwv. hnip Jp B\n axkmaqlni \nbaßƒ mbn 250 hn\ßfp v. F m Jp Bs hnip GSpIfn 750 Hmfw BbØpIƒ imkv{x kw_ nbmwv. CXv Jp Bs F n Ht mfw hcpw. bp n hnnmcioew hf Øn sbsp m\pw {]IrXnsb ] n ]Tn m \pw imkv{x kwcw`ßsf kaql PohnXØns Ahn`mPy LSI ßfmbn ImWm\pap A\p Iƒ sim v Ah \nd ncn p p. c masø ImcWw H matø Xns A\p_ w Xs bmwv. AXmbXv imkv{xønepw a pap hn m\n Iƒ v (BenwIƒ) Ckvemw 22 s{]m^. A p emw \ Inb atlm X ÿm\amwv. hn m\ imkv{xßfn ]mcwkx \mbn p HcmfpsS ]Zhn kw_ n v Jp B tnmzn p Xv. "Cu tbmkyx Isfm pan møh AXp h\v Xpeyambncn ptam?' F mwv. Xncp\_n(k)Cßs\ Acpfp Ibp mbn: hn m\mt\zjww GsXmcp ]pcpjt bpw kv{xo bptsbpw \n _ _m yxbmwv.. ImtØbn (ssn\) t]msb nepw C av Icÿam Wsa pw \_n (k) I n pibp mbn. ssn\sb kw_ n p Cu {]kvxmhw Hcn epw axhnpvrm\sø kw_ n p X. imkv{xob ]T\ßfn A tziobx ssisim m {]hmni ]Tn n pibmbncp p. Cu A tziobxbmbncp p imkv{xob I awyxbpss aq ma sø ImcWw. CkvemanI cmjv{søn\v h W h K sshhn[yßƒ XoX ambn hºn P\k bsø Dƒs m m Ign Xv AXvsIm mwv. apjyambpw BZyIme apkvenwiƒ A\ytcmSpw AhcpsS Bibß tfmspw ImWn klnjvwpx ]ptcmkxn v ImcWambn. imkv{xtømsp _lpam\mz cßfmwv Ckvemans\ imkv{xøns ]cnt]mjicm n am nbxpw Ad_v Ckveman v cmpyßfn AXv

i ns Sm\pw ImcWambXv. CkvemanI kmlnxyøn\v kam cambn hnikn imkv{xsø kw_ n v F. B Kn v ]d Xv a nsßsf At] n v CkvemanI cmpyßfn imkv{xw KpW]u jvieyw t\snbxv tkm]m[niamwv... h n HuZmcyhpw t]mjwhpw AXnt snmcnbs SpIbp mbn. apkvenw kaql Øn\v FhnsSsb mw Po WXtb pthm AhnSßfnse mw imkv{xøns Du PkzeXbpw i nbpw \jvss n p v. cmpm mcpw a{ namcpw imkv{xsø ]cnt]mjn n p Xn kt mjhpw t ahpw _lpaxnbpw Is Øntbm At msg mw hn m\ Zo]w shfn w {]kcn n v Pzen p \n pi bp mbn. Cu \ne Zo LImew XpS n. F. Un 1100 apx CkvemanI temiøv imkv{xøn\v inyneoicww Bcw `n p. 1350 Bhptºmtg pw imkv{xw AhnsS ]q Wambpw apxeiq p IpØn gn p. CsXßs\ kw`hn p? B pw Hcp \n bhpan. Camw K menbpss A\pimk\hpw C_v\p J Zqs \n wkxbpw imkv{x cwksø Cu A[x]X\ Øn\v ImcWw awtkmfnbcpss B{IaWhpw kwlmcmxvaiamb ]Stbm hpw t]msebp _mlyamb ImcWßfmbncp p. ]Stbm Øn Ihn v IncmXamb Zpc ßƒ hmcnhnxdns m p B{IaWw Xs bmbncp p AXv F p Xn kwiban. F m sn nkvjm\v 60 h jßƒ v tijw At±lØns ]u{x\mb l m pjm admkbn Hcp tpymxn imkv{x \nco W \nebw ÿm]n pibp mbn F Xv {it bamwv. {]Kev`\mb \mkndp±o Xpkn ChnsSbmWv imkv{x {]h Ø\ßƒ \SØnbXv. kpoh imkv{xw s]msp s\ A\yw \n pw t]mhm ImcWw Fs ho WØn A`y c sshcp yßfmwv. ]cnjv cwß tfmsp ]cmßv apjxzhpw AYhm A amb A\pIcWw (XJvenZv) imkv{xob kwcw`ßsf kaql a yøn \n pw th s Sp ØnbXpamWv CXn\v apjytlxp. Camw K menbpss (1058 1111) "Clvbm Deqap±os ' (axhn m\ ßfpsS ]p\cp m\w) F {KŸ Øns BZy A ymbøn CXv hy am p p v. apkvenw imkv{xøns ]ptcmkxn v sshzy imkv{xhpw KWnXhpw ]Tn v {]mh ØnIamt Xns BhiyIX At±lw Du n ]d ncn p p. CXv kaqløns \n _ _m yxbmbn At±lw IcpXp p. kaqløn s Ipd pt]tcm As n kaqlw H S tam Cu imkv{xßƒ v \ntcm[\w G s SpØptºmƒ apgph kaqlhpw A]cm[n bmhp p. Xs A ap JnZv an\±em (Al Munquidh Ad-dalan) F {KŸØn ]dbp Xv {i n pi. Ckvemw KWnX imkv{xøn\v FXncmsW v Hcmƒ k n pibmsw n axøns\xnsc ssisim p G hpw henb t{zmlambncn pw AXv. \ntj[ ØneqsSbpw ÿncoicwøneq ssbpw e`n p KWnXimkv{X hkvxpxiƒ shfn]msv kxyßƒ s Xnc. AXpt]mse imkv{xøn\v ax kxyßsf FXn m\pamhn. Camw K men At±lØns D zeamb A\pimk\w Xpds gpxptºmtg pw apkvenw temiøv imkv{xøn\v amμyw _m[n p Ign ncp p. `uxnimt\z jwøn\v ]Icw kq^nkønte pw I a \ncmkønep nb ]ctemi Nn bnte pw, \ninxamb a\\ßƒ v ]Icw XJveoZn e[njvtnxamb A\pIcWØnte pw AklnjvWpXbnte pw AhcpsS {i hgnamdn. Cu XI hnizoicn m temiw I Xn sht hpw henb Ncn{XImc\mb C_v\p J ZqWns\ (1332 1406) D cn mw. At±lw shdp s h apj±nabn FgpXp p: {^m v tziøv hs saun td\nb XocØpw XØzim kv{xøns ]pxnsbmcp D oh\ sø pdn v \madnbpibp mbn. Ah ho pw ]T\w Bcw`n p Ibpw hnhn[ coxnbn A`ykn n pibpw snøp p. AhcpsS \nehnep hymjym\ k{ºzmbw ka{kamsw v ]dbs Sp p. Ahsc Adnbp hcpw AhcpsS ]TnXm fpw \nch[nbp v. AhnSpsØ ÿnxn bpss bym Y hnhcw A mlp hn\dnbmw... HcpImcyw hy amwv \ΩpsS ax hnjbßfn `uxni imkv{x ßƒ v Gsd {]k nbn. AXp sim v Xo bmbpw \ap v Ahsb AhKWn mw. ]pdw temiøp mbns m n cn p ssh m\ni kw`hhnimk ßƒ v t\sc \n Pohamb PnPvRm kbpw {]XntemaIcamb \ne]mspamwv J Zq ChnsS kzoicn ncn p Xv. At±lØns hm pifnse \n wkx ]pdw temiøp\n pw apkvenwiƒ H s Sm ImcWambn. imkv{xob cwkøv \n p H s Sepw A[nImcnItfmSp Bcm[\bpw ss[jwni arxyphns hnjhnøv hnx pibpw snbvxp. hna i\ ]camb ]T\ßƒ v ]Icw ]mcºcyøns ASnÿm\ØnemWv Imcyßƒ \n Wbn s Xv. k h hn m\ timi k{ºzmb Ønep ]T\ coxn Xs hntijhxv cw Øns Cu bpkøn hneßp XSnbmbn. bph KthjIsc kw_ n nstømfw {InbmXvaI hna i\ Øns A købmb \nehnep ]T\ hnjbßsf tnmzyw snbvxv ]p\x]cntim[n v ]pxnb Bibßƒ Is Øp coxn t{]m mln n SpItbm s]mdp n s SpItbm Bbni (d) \n v \nthz\w: \_n(k) Acpfn snbvxp: Xo bmbpw P\ßfn sh v A mlphn G hpw shdp s h IpX w \SØp h\pw ]nsnhmin mc \pamwv. (_pjmcn) 23

snbvxn. J Zq\nb ImeL w apx p ss[jwniamb Cu H s S Xp nbnse Dkvam\nbm Cdm\nse k^vhn, C ybnse apkƒ F o alømb km{ampyßfpss Imehpw ]n n vsim v ssiyneyøns Hcp kºq W Nn{Xw cnn pibp mbn. bqtdm n imkv{x ssh m\ni cwkøp mb hnkvt^ms\ßsf] n kp Øm mtcm jln jmamtcm t_m[hm mcmbncp n. txm v \n amw cwkøpw \mhni cwkøpw sh\ojycpw spt\mbnkpifpw IS v hcp Xv Ah Ku\n n. I \n amw Iebn sshzkv[yw t\sn CkvemanI cmpyßfpss XocßfS w temisø kap{zßƒ apgph AS nhmw t]m pkokpimsc ] n Ah {i n n. F n\[niw l n p kap{z k mc ]Yßƒ t]mepw Ah ssibs ptºmgpw \nxm amb ab Ønembncp p apkvenwiƒ. t]m vkokpim v \mhni sshzkv[yw h Xv Hcp bmzrnvoni kw`ha. AhcpsS \mhni cmpipamc sl {Sn(Hentry) 1419 XpS w Ipdn \mhni hnik\ {]h Ø\w A\hcXw XpS p t]mbxns ^eambncp p AXv. Ahkm\ {iahpw ]cmpbønte v Cu ]XnXmhÿbnepw Fgpt p \n m\h Hcp {iaw \SØmXncp n. ]t ssk m ni imkv{xhpw ssivt\mfpnbpw XΩnep ]mckv ]cyw a\ nem p Xn Ah ]cmpbs p t]mipibmwp mbxv. DZmlcWØn\v 1799- Xp nbnse keow aq ma B[p\nI _opk WnXhpw(Algibra) {XntImW anxnbpw ( Trignometry)_eX{ hpw (Mechanichs) hnt ]W hnzybpw (Balistic) temlhnzybpw(mettallurgy) ]Tn n m {^m kn \n pw kzou\n \n pw hnzk[cmb A ym]isc hcpøn txm p\n amw Øn bqtdm pambn a cn m t]mepw thznsbmcp n. ]t At±lØn\v Cu hnjbßfn ASnÿm\]camb KthjWXzc hf Øm\mbn. Aßs\ AXpw ]cmpbas p. ]ns Xp n v Hcn epw bqtdm nt\mssm w FØm\mbn. ap Xv h jøn\v tijw CuPn]vXn se aplωzen I cnbpw kz W hpw k thsnøm\pw AXv Is Øm \p hnzy ]Tn n m\pw t\xrxzw \ In. ]t At±lØn\pw At±lsØ XpS p h hcpw `phn m\øn (Geology) ASn ÿm\hißsf kw_ n v a\ nem m Zo L Ime ]cnioe\w e`yam m bxv\n n. kmt XnI hnzybmwv k hm[m chpw i nbpsa v \mw Ct mgpw hnizkn ptºmgpw AXn te v Ipdp phgnisfm pan F v \mw Hm mdn. Cu cwkøv DbcW sa n ssk m ni imkv{xhpw AXns {]tbmkamb kmt XnI hnzybpw Hcp t]mse \ΩpsS kwkv mcøns `mkambn amtd Xp v. GsX nepw Ipim{K _p niƒ kzm Y]cambam n bh nb kao]\w \SØnsb n AhcpsS IpSneamb X{ ßsf \mw a\ nemt Xmbncp p. kn m an mø kmt XnIhnZym ssiam w F taml\amb `mjmssienbnse I hs X{ w \mw Xncn dntb Xp v. Reaching the corners of the Earth Every Friday live at 13.00 GMT on MTA International Live Translations: English, French, Arabic, German, Bengali Translations on repeat Russian, Turkish, Swahili, Tamil, Malayalam www.mta.tv PpapA JpXzv_ F m sh nbmgvnifnepw ] nifn {]m Y\bv mbv Hcpan p IqSm apkvenwiƒ \njvi jn s ncn p p. Cu sh nbmgvn {]m Y\bneqsS hy n]chpw kaql]chpamb {]iv\ßƒ N snøm\pw Bhiyamb ]cnlmcßƒ txsm\pw apkvenwiƒ v Ahkcw ssihcp p. BtKmf AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns ]cam y Jeo^Øp akolv A ma lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv (AøZlp) BgvNtXmdpw \n hln p hcp PpapA {]`mjww apkvenw ssenhnj AlvaZnø (MTA)bneqsS temiw apgph hnhn[ `mjifnep X Pa klnxw kwt{]jww snøs Sp p. CXneqsS AlvaZnøm Camw, ] nbn Hcpan p IqSnbhsc am{xa adn v apgptemitøbpamwv A`nkwt_m[\ snøp Xv. Cu kwhn[m\w aptj\ ImeØns Caman\v BtKmf apkvenw kapzmbsø D]tZin m\pw Ahsc Ae ns m ncn p ImenI {]iv\ßƒ p ]cnlmcw IrXykabØpXs \n tzin m\pw HuZmcyhm\mb A mlp hgnsbmcp n bncn p p. 24

tej\w apl-ωzv\_n (k) PohnXhpw Z i-\hpw \koapeo tem temi-n-cn{xw ]cn-tim-[n- p-tºmƒ Bflo-bhpw `uxn-i-hp-amb H -\-h[n ]cn-jv Øm- ƒ h -Xmbn ImWmw. Ah-cn Xßƒ Ah-X-cn- n BZ ißƒ -\p-kr-x-amb amxr-im-po-hnxw ImgvN-sh- p-hm\pw Ah-bpsS ]cn- ]q W hnpbw kzpo-hn-x-im-eøv Icÿ-am- m\pw Ign- n- p-f-f-h hnc-fam-wv. Hcp {]tz-itøm ct m-aqt m Xe-ap-d-bntem kzm[o\w snep-øn-bn- p- -hcpw `mkni hnpbw t\sn-bn- p-f-fhcpw Is p hcmw. F m, Bbnc-Øn-\m- qdp h jw Ign- n pw C pw temi-øns F m `mk-øp-apff kie hn`mkw P\-Xbv pw {]tbm- P-\-s -Spw-hn[w A\yq-\hpw efn-xhpw DØ-a-hp-amb PohnX ] Xn ka n- m\pw kzpo-hn-x-im-eøp Xs kºq W amxr-im-po-hnxw ImgvNs-h v hnpbw hcn- m\pw CkvemwaX ÿm]- I p am{xta Ign- n- p-f-fp. i -amb A[n-Im-c-Øns snt mtem Bƒ_-etam I\Ø JP- \m-thm H p-an- msx i{xp- -fp-tsbpw an{x-ß-fp-tsbpw lrz-b-ßƒ Iog-S n kaql-ønse kie taj-e-i-tfbpw kwkvi-cn v tihew 23 h j- m-e-bf-hn A -Im-c-Øns AKm-[-X-bn am-sn-bn-cp A\m-Nm-c-ß-fn, AXn-{Ia-ß-fn, D -\o-n-xz-ß-fn Aim- -ambn-cp p B Iuam-cw. A -A-ao F v \mssßpw Adn-b-s p B \njvif-. ]oun-xsc klm-bn- p- -Xn-\pth n D m- nb Hcp kwl-s-\-bm-bncp p ln ^p ^pfq. Ad_v tkm{x-ßƒ a m \K-c-Øn\v `oj-wn-bmbn-øo Hcp Ime-L- -ap- m-bn-cp- p. B Ah-k-c-Øn kp_bv _n A_vZp apø-en_v, A_vZp- mlv _n PpZv-Bs ho n lminw, kplvd, ssxw tkm{x-ßsf hnfn p hcpøn Hcp kzy \evin. Ah AhnsS-h v A m-lp-hns t]cn Hcp {]Xn- -sb-sp-øp. -a Zn-X-cpsS Ah-Im-ißƒ p-th n Fs pw Ah-tcmsSm w \ne-bp-d- n- p-sa- m-bn-cp p {]Xn-. CXn\v ln ^p ^p-fq F v Ad-_nIƒ t]cp simsp-øp. Cu kwcw-`-øn apl-ωzpw k n-ln-x-\mbn-cp- p. {]Xm-]n-Ifpw i cpw [m jvsy-cpamb tkm{x-p-\-x-bv ns-bn Ah p {]h Øn- m H p-an- m-bn-cp- p. ImcWw klm-b-a Yn p ]cm-xn-s -Sm- \p-ff ss[cyw t]mep-an- mø \n -lma\pjy IpeØn\mIam\w DØa amxri F v A mlp hntijn n Hcp almxvamhns {lkzamb PohnX Nn{Xw. \n v [m an-i-x-bpss DØpw-K-X-bnte v Atd-_ysb ssi]n-sn- pb Ønb B [\y-amb PohnX amxri C pw A\yq-\-ambn \ne-sim-f-fp- p. - ssz-hni{kÿ-ambn Ah-Im-i-s -Sm-hp- sx v FXn-cm-fn-Iƒt]m-epw kω-xn- p-amdv bmsxmcp am -ßƒ pw ssii- S-Ø-ep-Iƒ pw hnt[-b-ambn n mø hnip Jp -B Cßs\ {]kvxm-hn- p- p.""-a- m-lp-hns {]hm-n-i-\n \nßƒ p DØa amxr-i-bp- v.''(33:21) Atd-_y-bnse G hpw D -X-amb Jpdbvin tkm{x-ø-e-hs ]u{x-\mbn P\-\w. A\mY _meyhpw \nc- -cxbpw. kmwkvim-cni A[x-]-X-\-Øns ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn Ign-bp \n e- -amsbmcp kmaq-lni ] m-øew! tkm{xkv] -bpss \nw-a-wn Atd-_y tzio-b-x. [m an-i-x-bpss ap am-xr- Itbm Hcp kmaq-lni ]cn-jvi Ømhns \ngtem IS p sn n- n- m-ø -acp-{]-tziw. tkm{x-ø-e-hs s]mt ma-\bv v PohnXw BtLmjam n Øo m\pw hj-fm- m\pw CXn IqSp-X-se v thww! F m, a-bptsbpw kl-\-øn-t bpw kuay-x-bptsbpw hn\-b-øn-t bpw aq Ø cq]- am-bn-cp p B _me ; Xs Np pw \S- 25

b-cm-bn-cp p Ah-cn-e-[n-I-hpw. F m, AØcw kμ `-Øn t]mepw bym Y ss[cyw ImWn- m \_n(-k)\v Ah-kcw e`n- p. kw`hw Cßs\: Admio \n [-\-\mb {Kmao-W- \m-wv. X\n- p-in- m-\p-ff ]Ww Awdp_v\p lnimw F A_q- Plven \n v hmßn-ø-cm Abmƒ Jpdbvio t\xm- -tfmsp At]- n- p. Ip_p- n-i-fmb Ah apl-ω-zns ASp- -te v Abmsf ]d p hn p. B {Kmao-W apl-ω-zns\ kao-]n- p. A_q-Plv F alm-ta-cp-hns apºn sn p-\n-ev m Bcpw H p Ad p \nev pw. ]t, apl-ωzv F sndp- - m-c Abm-tfbpw Iq n t\sc A-_q-Plvens ASp- s v Abmƒ p simsp- m-\p-f-fxv simsp- m ]d- p. A m-fn- p-t]mb A_q-Plv Abmƒ p simsp- m-\pf-fxv DSs\ simsp-øp. A_q-Plv, apl-ω-zns\ B n- m-bn- p- Xp ImWm ImØn-cp Jpd-bvin-Iƒ \ncm-i-cm-bn. Ah Imcyw tnmzn- t mƒ A_q-Plv ]d- p," "apl-ω- Zns i_vzw ti -]mss F\n p `b-ap- m-bn. shfn-bn h p t\m nbt mƒ apl-ω-zns Xe-bpsS ASpØv c Zmln-bmb H -Iw. Rm \ntj-[n- n-cp-s - n- AsXs ISn p Iodp-ambn-cp- p.' (C-_v\p-ln-imw) `uxn-i-amb kpj-t`m-k-ßƒ ImØncp- n pw Xs Np p-ap-ff \ncm-ew- _ mbn B a\w s\m p. Xm Xncn- -dn kxy-øn-s\-xnsc kzp-\x apgp-h Xncn- n pw B alm-flmhv ]X-dn-bn-. a\pjy kaq-l-øns sfiyøn\pw t a-øn\pw ka-xz- Øn\pw GI-ssZh hnizmkw IqSntb Xocq F v B [\ym-flmhv a\- n-em- n. Atd-_y-bpsS apgp-h kºøpw A[n-Im-chpw kpμ-cn-i-fm-b- X-cp-Wo-a- Wn-Ifpw Im sim- p-h-bv msa tkm{x P\-X-bpsS A`y Y\ \nckn- p-sim v B ]pwym-flmhv ]d- p, "Fs Hcp-ssI-bn kqcy-t\bpw adpssi-bn N{μ-t\bpw sh m t mepw GI-ssZ-h-XØz {]tlm-j-w- Øn \n v Rm ]n m-dn-.' ^etam kz w P\-X-bpsS _ln-jvi-cww, a Z- \w. ]t, Hcp hnj-ahpw {]I-Sn- n- msx a sø a Zn-X-cmb ASn-a-Itfm-sSm w \m p-im-cpss IÆn-ep-Ænbmb tkm{x-ip-am-c\pw ]ou-\-ß-tf p hmßn. X\n-s mcp \oxn, A\p-N-c p as mcp \oxn F -X- m-bn-cp p apl-ω- Zn (k) s XØzw. Xms\-s m p hnizkn- pthm AX-t±lw ]d- p, Xm Fs m v ]d- pthm AX-t±lw {]h Øn p ImWn- p. bp m-h-k-c- Ønepw kam-[m-\-l- -Ønepw hnizm-k- Zm Vy-Ønepw {]hrøn-bnepw hnt\m- Z-Ønepw hnπ-h-ønepw Xs A\p-Nc-tcmSp txmtfm-sp-txmƒ tn p B alm-flmhv Pohn- p. \m n A]q h-amb k Kp-W-ßfp-ff bphm-hn-t\msp hn[-hbpw a[yh-b-kvibpamb hym]mcn JZoP hnhmlm-`y Y\ \S-Øn. hnhmlw awkficambn \S p. hnhm-l-tijw JZoP Xm\pw ` Ømhpw XΩn-ep-ff kmº-øn-i-m cw C m-xm- m apgph kºøpw ` Øm-hn\p ka ]n- p. AXn\v tijw temiw AXp-hsc I n- n- mø Hcp t\xrkpww Z in- p-i-bmbn-cp- p. Xs ssibn h F m ASn-a-I-tfbpw B alm-flmhv tamnn- n- p. kºøp apgp-h ]mh-ßƒ mbn sne-h-gn- p. ASna tamn-\-øn-\mbn D]-tZi {]kw-ktam \nb-atam sim ph- n-. Xs ssibn h -hsc kzbw tamnn- n- p. a p-f-f-h-cpss ssibn \n v hne-sim-spøp hmßnbpw ASn-a-Isf tamnn- n v amxr- I-Im- n. sszh-øns ] ASnahntam-N\w G hpw ]pwy-i-c-amb {]hrøn-bm-sw v A\p-bm-bn-Isf t_m[-h I-cn- p. Aßs\ hnπ-h-i-camb ]cn-h Ø-\-Øns ]S-tbm w \S- Øn. kvt\l-a-kr-w-amb s]cp-am- -Øn-eqsS, lrzy-amb D]-tZ-i-ß-fn-eq-sS, sim p-sim p {]h Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS B PohnX ] Xn A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS lrzb-ß-tfbpw FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS a\- p-itf-bpw-io-g-s- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Df-fh\pw C m-ø-h\pw I aw Hcp-t]m-se- {][m-\-s - Xm-sW pw Ign-h-\p-k-cn- n p-ff Af-hnte hyxymkw hcp- pf-fq-sh pw B alm-flmhv ]Tn- n- p. t\xm-hn \n v {]tnm-z\w Dƒs m v injy Aßm-Sn-I-fn-epw- a pw Np n-\- S v {]Nm-cWw \S-Øn. A_-esc klm-bn- p. Iqen-the snbv -Xp-In- n-bxv Zm\w snbvxp. Iq p-tn v kzcp- q n ASn-a-Isf tamnn- n- p. hn-e-s Hc-Snasb Ahs I -i- m-c-\mb bpam-\-\n \n v tamnn- n- m th- n, \ p-\-\ p hf Ønb ap qdp ssxifp-ff Hcp Cu-Ø- -\-tøm wt]mepw Ah Xøm-dm nbncp p F -dn-bptºmtg B A[ym-]\ al-xzhpw AsX- {X-am{Xw P\-ßsf kzm[o-\n- n-cp- psh pw a\- n-em- m km[n- p-i-bpf-fp. A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ am{x-a Ah-tcmsSm w txmtfm-sp-txmƒtn v F m cwkøpw t\xmhpw IqsS-Ø-s -bp v F -XmWv B BZ i amxr-i. Ab hmkn ] nwn InS- p-tºmƒ hb-dp-\n-d- p-æp- -h X n s - -h-\- s v {]Jym-]n- p. A\y-cpsS hnimcsø {hw-s -Sp-Ø-cp-sX pw _nw_- ßsf Ah-tl-fn- -cp-sx pw h W-hnth-N\w Acp-sX pw ]Tn- n- p. kv{xo kzmx-{ y-øn\pw azyh P-\- Øn\pw ASn-aXz hntam-n-\-øn\pw kmº-øni kmaq-lni ka-xz-øn-\pwth n t\xm- fpw \nb-a-ßfpw Atlm-cm{Xw ]Wn-s - n pw Cu Ccp- ]Xmw \q m- nepw hnp-bn- m Ign- n- n Ft m p-tºm-gmwv A - X-bpw kwkvimc lo\xzhpw simsnipønhmwncp Hcp P\-Xsb [m anixbpss amxrim kaqlam n am nb B alm am\pjn ImWn C{μ- Pmew hne Xncn- -dn-bm Ign-bp -Xv. s]æmbn ]nd p t]msb Ip -Øn\v aæn-\-sn-bn Ipgn- n-s-s - n-cp Ahÿ-bn \n v kv{xosb am\pjxbpss ]ca]zønte v AhnSp v ssi]nsn pb Øn. amxmhns Im IognemWv kz Kw F v ]d psim v kz KsØ t]mepw amxmhns ]mzßƒ v Iosg hcpthmfw amxrxzsøbpw AXv hgn kv{xoxzsøbpw AhnSp v Db Øn. Adn-hv B Pn p ImcyØnepw _p n\nehmcønepw I Ωßfp ss {]Xn^eØnepw kv{xo -]p-cpj hyxymk-an m F {]Jym-]-\-Øns _e- Øn A[ym-]\ cwkøpw bp -cw- KØpw `c-w-cw-køpw F p-th apkvenw kv{xo FØn-s -SmØ taj-e- I-fn F p ]d-bmw. hn m\w kxyhn-izm-kn-bpss If p t]mb kzøm- Wv, AXv Fhn-sS- - mepw \nßƒ FSp-Øp-sIm-f-fp-I F p ]Tn n AXyKmXamb hn m\ {]Wbw ISpØ t{zmlw snbvxh v t]mepw am p \ In hn -b alm-a-\-kvix as -hn-ss-bmwv ImWm Ign-bpI? IncoSw sh mø cmp]zhn D mbn pw ]\-tbm-e- m-bbn-ep-dßn. acw thfbn Hcp \mw-b-øp p-t]mepw an ap mbn. At±lØn\v 26

e`n sx mw AhnSp v Zm\w snbvxp. Xm\m-scsb- nepw thz-\n- n- n- p-s - n ]Icw tnmzn- m-hp -Xm-sW v ac- W-Øn\p Aev]w aptº Blzm\w snbvx alm-flm-hmwv \_n (k). Pohn-X-Øns XpS w apx HSp- w-hsc Hmtcm kw`-h-ßfpw \nan-jßfpw tcj-s -Sp-Ø-s Xpd-s mcp ]pkvx-iw-t]mse temi-øns apºn as mcp Ncn{X ]pcp-j D m-in F v \nkw-ibw ]d-bmw. a\pjy Pohn- X-Øn\v `uxn-ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb c -h-ÿ-iƒ Ds pw Ah ]ckv]c ]qc-i-ß-fm-sw pw B [\ymflmhv ]Tn- n- p. Ah-bv n-s-bnse t\ Ø AXn hc-ºp-isf temi- Øn\p a\- n-em- n-s m-sp-øp. D -Xamb [m an-i-aq-ey-ßƒ ]men- p-sim v hnp-b-i-c-amb `uxn-i-po-hn-xhpw AXp aptj\ Bflo-b-hn-P-bhpw t\sm-\m-ipsa v temi-øn\p ImWn- p-sim-sp-øp. kmtlm-z-cy-øn-t bpw hniz-am-\-hn-i-xbp-tsbpw ka-krjvsn tkh-\-ønt bpw Bflo-bm-Nm-cy\mb Cu amxrim a\p-jy\v, G hpw hnp{ioemfn-x-\mb {]hm-n-i F v FXn-cm-fn-Iƒt]mepw kω-xn apl-ωzv (k)bv v, B[p-\nI temi-øns AwKo-I-c-amWv Ncn-{X-Ønse \qdp almflm- -fn {]Ya ÿm\w. Cu amxri ]n p-s-cpi am{xta temi-øn\p c bp-ffp F v Imew sxfn-bn- p- -sim- ncn- p- p, B Znhym-flm-hn-\p-ta Bbnc-am-bncw A\p-{K-lm-iw-k-Iƒ h jn- p-am-dm-i-s. ssn\-bn t]mbn- mbmepw hnzy A`y-kn- pi XpS-ßnb A[ym-]-\-ß-fn \n pw {]tnm-z\w Dƒs m v apkvenwiƒ FØn- n-sn- mø taj-e-i-fn-. temtim-øc {KŸ-im-e-Ifpw k h-i-em-im-e-ifpw imkv{x- cpw imkv{x kmlnxy imj-ifpw Ckvemans kw`m-h-\-i-fmsw kxyw \mw ad- m ]msn-. bqtdm v 14- mw \q m- n am{x-amwv DW-cp-hm XpS-ßn-b-Xv. B kmwkvimcni ]p\-cp- m\w apkvenw kwkvimc {]k-c-w-øns k Xn am{x-am-wv. bym Y-Øn bqtdm-]y \msp-i-fn imkv{x-øn\ v _opm-hm]w snbvxxv apkvenw imkv{x-im-c- mcpw Ad_n `jbn-ep-ff imkv{x {KŸ-ß-fp-amWv. bqtdm-]y ]p\ P- -Øns sxm n C -en-b-. kvs]bn-\m-bn-cp- p. hrønbpw e bpw kxy-hn-izm-k- Øns `mk-am-sw ]mt-øn-e-[n-jvtn- X-amWv Ckvemw. A[zm-\n- p h\v Ahs hnb p h p- -Xn\p aptº thx\w simsp- pi F v GXp am\ns^-tãm-bv v, GXp t\xm-hn-\mwv ]dbm Ign- n- p-f-f-xv? simsp- p ssibmwv hmßp ssitb- mƒ t{ijvsw F sndp-h-n-\-øneqss \_n(-k) A[zm-\-Øn-t bpw Zm\-Ønt bpw amlmflyw injysc ]Tn- n- p. h K-h W hnth-n-\-øn\pw kmaq-ln- I- -km-º-øni Ak-a-Xz-ßƒ pw FXnsc k n-bn- m-k-a-c-am-bn-cp p B PohnXw apgp-s. XnI A\m-Y-\mbn-cp- n pw apl-ω-zv \_n(-k) amxm-]n- Xm- -tfm-sp-ff IS-abpw BZ-chpw \njvi jn- n- p-f-f-xp-t]mse as mcp thzhpw axhpw {]hm-n-i\pw Iev]n- n- n-. IpSpw -ß-fpsS {]m[m- \yhpw Ip n-i-fpss in -Whpw tzikvt\-lhpw ka-kr-jvsn-tk-h-\hpw _lp-`m-cy-xz-hpw- -km-aq-lni `{ZX A]- I-S-s -Sm-hp kml-n-cy-ß-fn am{xw sszhw A\p-h-Zn- n- p-f-f-xn G hpw shdp- -s - Xv F \n_- -\-tbmss hnhml tamn-\hpw Gsd hni-e-am- s -Sp-Ibpw sx p-[-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw snø-s -s mcp A[ym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv F p th B alm-flmhv Fs ms ]d p F -Xn-s\- m-tfsd F mwv ]d-bm-ø-xv F p tnmzn- m am{xw Pohn-X-Øns F m taj-e-bnepw amxr- I -Im-Wn- p. Du-l- - hstøbpw D ]- -ßfn ambw tn p- -Xn-t\bpw \ncp- m-l-s -Sp-Ønb aplωzv \_n (k) Aßm-Sn-I-fn Np n \S v [m\y- m- p- Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n pibpw h -\-bv pff sszh-in- -sb- p-dn v A\p-bm-bn- Isf t_m[-h -cn- p-ibpw snøpam-bn-cp- p. GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn \n p-s-se-spø Bflo-b-X-bn-eq- nb [m ani t_m[-am-bn-cp p apl-ωzp \_n (k)temi-øn\p \evin-bxv; A\yq-\-amb t\xrxz amxr-i-bm lrzb-ßfn AXp Bgv n-d-ßn-b-xp-sim- mwv C pw kpo-h-ambn Ah \ne- \n v t]mcp- -Xv. cmjv{s X{ X-bpsS ani amxr-i-bmwv \_n-xn-cp-ta-\n(-k) azo\ Icm-dnepw lpz-bv_nøx k n t\cøpw ImgvN-h- Xv; temi-øn\p A]-cn-Nn-X-amb ]ucm-h-im-i-øns ImWm-]p-d-ßƒ. kmº-øni k p-e-\- amwv kaql-øns si p-d- n-\m-[m-cw. ]en-i-c-lnx hyh-ÿnxn AXn-\v A-Xy- m-t]- n-x-am-wv. AXv B alm-flmhv \S- n hcp-øn. Cu c p CkvemanI XØz-ßƒ ]mss \nc-kn- -Xp-sIm- mwv temiw C v kmº-øni {]Xn-k- nbn AI-s - n- p-f-f-xv. B{I-aWw Agn- p-hn- p-ff bp w \_n(-k)-hn-tcm-[n- p. bp w, bp -Øn\p th n-b-, kam- [m-\-øn\p th n-bm-bn-cn- -W-sa v B alm-flmhv ]Tn- n- p. hnizmk kwc- -Wm Y-a- msx kzm Y-em-`-Øn- \mtbm tim]m-th-i-ømtem apkvenwiƒ bp -Øn\v Hcp-ß-cpXv, Im jn-i-hn-f-hp-ifpw s]mxp-ap-x-ep- Ifpw bp m-h-k-c-øn \in- n- -cp-xv, kv{xoiƒ, Ip n-iƒ, hr, hosp-i-fn Ccn- p- -h XpS-ßn-b-hsc B{I-an- cpxv C-h-sb mw B alm-\mb {]hm- N-I ]Tn- n v amxri ImWn- n- p- Xpw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ A\p-h Øn p h n- p-f-f-xp-am-wv. AXp-sIm- p-xs Ckveman-t bpw \_n(-k)-bp-tsbpw t]cpw-]-d v c -s mxn Xo p \cm-[-a- m B ]pwym-flm-hns A\pbm-bn-Itfm apkvenwx-s tbm BIp- n-. Xs P\-Xbv p At±lw \ Inb \n h-n\w ChnsS {it -bamwv; BcpsS ssibn \n pw \mhn \n pw a p-f-f-h kpc- n-x- \mtwm Ah-\mWv apkvenw.'f{x DZm- Ø-amb ]mtw; Chn-sS-bmWv C v Hmtcm apkvenapw Bfl-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-tØ- - Xns {]k- n. A\m-h-iy-ambn bp -Ø-S-hp-Imsc kq n- -cp-sx pw \ncp-]m-[niw hn b- -e-bmwv DØ-a-sa pw \_n-(k) ]Tn- n- p. A sø apkvenwi-fpss \n -lm-bm-hÿ ImcWw kº- cn \n pw tamn-\-{zhyw hmßnbpw hnzym-k-º- -tcmsp \nc- -csc ]Tn- n- m Icm-dm- nbpw XS-hp-Imsc hn b- n-cp- p.-tim k t{s-j Iymºp- Ifpw Kzm -\m-tam-i-fp-sam-cp n P\m- [n-]-xy-øns Imh m Na-bp- -hcmwv Ckvemanse Cu al-ø-c-amb A[ym-]-\sØ `oi-c-am-bn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -sx v Hm pi!. Atd-_y-bpsS Aac- m-c-\mbn amdn-b-t mgpw \nc- cw Xs t{zmln- p-sim- n-cp {]n-b-]p- {Xn-bpsS ac-w-øn-\p-ø-c-hm-zn-bmb simsnb i{xp-hn\p t]mepw \ncp-]m- [niwam p \ In hn -b alm-a-\- kvix as -hn-ss-bmwv ImWm IgnbpI? 27

tej\w Xukosl admw 8 Wv. Npcp- w-]-d- m Cu {]-] kap- bw A m-lp-hn-\m-bn-s m p Hcp ico-c-sa- -\n-e-bn \nev p- p. B ico-c-øns F m XWp pw NqSpw AXns apgp-po-hn-xhpw F m-ønt\bpw \ne-\n-dp-øp- -h-\mb B atlm -X-amb -B-flm-hn \n p-f-f-xm- Wv. F m-øn-t\bpw \ne-\n-dp-øp- -h- \mb B alm kø F mtwm Dt±in- p- Xv AXp B ico-c-øns apgph Ah-b-h-ß-fntem Nne-Xntem Ah B{K-ln- p- -Xp-t]mse D m- Ip- p. api-fn ]d Imcy-ß-ƒ Nn{Xo- I-c-W-Øn-eqsS a\- n-em m `mh-\mfl-i-am-bn \ap p Cßs\ k - ev]n mhp -XmWv: {]]- sø \ne-\ndp-øp- -h \nc-h[n ssiifpw Imep- Ifpapff al-øm-sbmcp kø-bm-wv. Hmtcm Ah-b-hhpw Akw-Jyhpw A - an- mø hoxnbpw \ofhpw Dƒs m- p -Xp-am-Wv. Nne- n-sb-t mse B atlm -Xamb købv p he-i-fp-ap- v. AXp `qx-e-øns F m A - ßƒh-tcbpw hncn- n-cn- p-ibpw BI jn p \ndp-øpi F IrXyw \n h-ln- p-sim- n-cn- pibpw snøp- p. Cu Ah-b-h-Øn\p a p hm p- Ifn ]d-bp t]cmwv {]] w F - Xv. {]]- sø \ne-\n-dp-øp- -h `mkn- I-amtbm kºq W-amtbm Fs - nepw {]hrøn snøp-tºmƒ Ahs {]h Ø-\-tØm-sSm w Ahs Ah-bh-ß-fn Ne-\-ap- m-ipi F Xv kzm`m-hni- -am-wv. Ah Xs F m Dt±-iyhpw CtX Ah-b-h-ßƒ aptj\ {]Xy- -am- n-s m- p-hcpw; a p coxnbn-e-. krjvsn-i-fpss Hmtcm `mkhpw A m-lp-hns Dt±-iy-ßƒ p hnt[- bhpw Ahs cl-ky-amb Dt±-iyßsf Xß-fpsS tkh-\m-]-c-amb apjkqcy-s\-t mse Pn_vcoeo-{]-Imiw temiw apgp-h hym]n p \nev p p lzvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) ChnsS Cu-sbmcp Imcyw hnh-cn-t - Xv \n _- -am-wv. AXm-bXv Imc-W- I Ømhv AYhm BZn-Im-c- W mc\mwv A m-lp. kie hkvxp- -fp-tsbpw ]c-ºc Ah-\p-ambn _ - s - n-cn- p- p. c m-]-camtbm in m- ]-camtbm Hcp Imcyw krjvsn- p- -Xn- \p-th n Fs - nepw {]h Ø\w \S- Øp-tºmƒ AXv XnI-hp- Xpw ]cn-]q Whp-am-IWsa- n temi-øp-ff apgph krjvsn-i-fp-tsbpw {]h Ø\w A\n-hm-cy-am- p- p. `mkn-i-am-bn- p-ff {]h Ø-\-am-Wp- m-ti- -sx- n -A- Xn-\-\p-k-cn v temi-øns Nne `mk-ßfn N-e-\-ap- m- p- p. bmym Yy-sa- m-sw- p-h- m, {]Xm-]-hm-\mb A m-lp-hp-am-bn v Ahs apgp-h krjvsn-i-fp-tsbpw apgp-h {]]- -ßfp-tSbpw _ w ico-c-øn\v Poh-\p-ambn- p-f-f-xp-t]m-se-bm-wv. ico-c-øns kie Ah-b-h-ßfpw Bflm-hns Dt±-iy-ßƒ p hnt[-b-am-bn-cn- pw. Ftßm- mtwm Bflmhv Ip\n-bp- Xv Atßm v AXpw Ip\n-bp- p. Cu _ - amwv A m-lp-hnepw Ahs krjvsn- I-fnepw ImW-s -Sp- -X.v A m-lp-hns\ kw_- n v Je-J AivbmA h lph Abv\plm F v C_v\p Ad_n ]d- -Xp-t]mse Rm ]d-bp- n-. F m,-j-e-j AivbmA h lph IA-bv\nlm F v Xo -bmbpw Rm ]d-bpw. lmz Beap Ikz ln apa d-zn an Jhm-co-dn h amc- Øzm-J-Øn Dfzvam bpvco XlvXlm hb-^v-aep am bpcozp bpj-øep ^o Abq-\n Jmkzn-d-Øn IA- lm lph blvkn-_q\»wk h J-ad h p-pqa apa-yvyn-dm-øn _nzm- Ønlm hem apavyndp C m lph (A- m-lp-hns\ kw_- n v "Ah hkvxp- sf krjvsn- p, Ah AXpXs bmwv' F v C_v\p Ad_n ]d- -Xp-t]mse Rm ]d-bp- n-. F m, "Ah hkvxp- sf krjvsn- p, Ah AXp-t]m-seXs -bmwv' F v Rm Xo -bmbpw ]d-bpw. Cu {]] w an\p-k-ap-ff kv^sn-iw-sim p \n an sim mcw t]mse-bm-wv. AXns Xmsg i -amb Pe-{]-hm-lhp-ap- v.-a-h-\p-t±-in- p- Xp Ah snøp- p. ]Iz-am-ImØ IÆp-Iƒ Ahs\ kw_- n v hnnm-cn- p- Xv Ah AXp-X-s -bm-sw- m-wv. kqcyt\bpw N{μ-t\bpw \ -{X-ß-tfbpw kw_- n v Ah [cn- p- Xv Ah t\cn p kzm[o\w snep-øp- q-sh- m- Wv. A m-lp-hn-s\- q-smsx t\cn- p kzm- [o\w snep-øp- -h-cmbn Bcp-an-s - - XmWv hmkvx-hw. hnh:) F m hkvxp- -tfmspw IqSnb Cu apgp-h {]]- hpw B BZn-Im-c- Ws {]h Ø-\hpw Dt±-iyhpw \S- n hcp-øp- -Xn\pth n -b-ym Y- Øn kzbw \ne-sim-f-fp Ah-b-hß-sf-t msebmsw clkyw bp n- -\mb A mlp F\n p hy -am- n-ø- n-cn- p- p. F Ft mgpw B atlm -Xamb Bflm-hn \n v i nbm Pn- p-ibpw snøp- p. icoc-øn\v apgp-h i nbpw Pohs CSs]-S aptj\ D m-ip- -Xp-t]mse Xs. Cu {]] w atlm -Xamb B kø-bpss ]I-c- m-c-\mb Ah-b-hß-fpsS ÿm\-øm-wp-f-f-xv. Nne hkvxp- ƒ AXn-ep- v. AXp Ahs apj-øns {]Im-i-am-Wv. AXv _mlytam B -cn-itam Bb \ne-bn Ahs Xocp-am-\-a-\p-k-cn v {]Im-iambn {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- p. Nne hkvxp- ƒ Ahs ssiiƒ t]mse-bm-wv. NneXp Ahs Imep-Iƒ t]mse-bm- Wv. NneXp Ahs izmkw t]mse-bm- 28

Øv {]I-Sn- n- p-sim- n-cn- p-ibpw kºq W-amb A\p-k-c-Ww-sIm- p Ahs Dt±-iy-ß-fpsS hgn-bn apgp- In-s m- n-cn- p-ibpw snøp- q-sh v ]d-b-s - n-cn- p Bflob ImcysØ kw_- n v km[m-c-w- m-c\v a\- n-em- m-\p-ff DZm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. Cu A\pk-cWw Hcn- epw `c-w-ta t m-bvabp-tstbm _em m-c-øn-t tbm ^ea-. adn- v, Hmtcm hkvxp-hn\pw A mlp-hn \n- p-ff Hcp Im ni BI jw i n-bp-f-f-xmbn ImWmw. Hcp AkvXn-Xz-Øns hnhn[ Ah-b-hßƒ B AkvXn-XzØn-\v \{a-am-bn-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse F m Hmtcm IWn-Ibpw kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw Ah\v Ip\n- n- p-ff-xmbn a\- n-em-ip- p. AXp-sIm p apgp-h {]]- hpw B atlm- -X-amb kø-bpss Ah-b-hß-fm-bn p \nesim-f-fp p F Xp Xs -bmwv kxyw; XnI pw kxyw. C m-c-w- Øm Ah Jøq-ap - B-e-ao {]- ]- -ßsf \ne-\n-dp-øp- -h F p ]d-b-s -Sp- p. ImcWw Poh AXns ico-c-øn\p Jøqw (\n-e-\n-dp-øp- h ) BsW- Xp t]mse Ah apgpkr-jvsn-i-fp-tsbpw Jøq-am-Wv. Aßs\ A m-bn-cp-s - n {]] hyh-ÿnxn XnI pw XI p t]mip-am-bn-cp- p. _mly-am-bn- p-f-f-xm-sw- nepw B -cn-i-am-bn- p-f-f-xm-sw- nepw Bflo-b-am-sW- nepw `uxn-i-am-sw- nepw B Jøq-ans F m Hmtcm Dt±iyhpw CtX krjvsn-i-fpss a[y-h Ø- Øn-eq-sS-bmWv shfn-s -Sp- -Xv. Cu a[yh Ø-Øn-eq-sS-b- msx Ahs Hcp-t±iyhpw `qan-bn shfn-s -Sp-I-bn-.-]- p-]-t -bp-ff \nb-xn-\n-b-a-am-wn-xv. AXp XpS w apxte ]c-kv]c]qc-iambn \S p hcp- p. Im ta-l-ßƒ aptj\ `qan-bn ]Xn- p agbv v \ocm-hn-bpss a[y-h ØnØzw A\n-hmcy-ambn a\- n-em- p-ibpw Im ta-l-an- msx ag kzbw s]øp-i-bn-s v hnizkn- p-ibpw snøp Bfp-Iƒ, ]cnip a\- pi-fn s]bvxn-d-ßp shfn-]m-sns ag-bv mbn [ a-im-kv{x- ]-c-ambn \n _- -am-bn- p-ff ae- p-ifpss a[y-h ØsØ A -X-bpsS IÆp-sIm v ]cn-l-kn- p-ibpw A mlp-hn\v ae- p-i-fpss a[y-h ØnXzw IqSmsX kzbw shfn-]m-sn-d- m Ignhnt F v tnmzn- p-ibpw snøp- h-cpss _p n-bn Rm AZv`p-X-s -Sp- p. hmbp-hns a[y-h ØnØzw IqSmsX i_vzw tiƒ pi F Xv {]IrXn \nb-a-øn\p hncp- -am-sw v Ah hniz-kn- p- p. F m, Bflob-amb \ne-bn A m-lp-hns i_vzsø shfn-]m-sn-d-ßp- -h-cpss a\- n hsc FØn- p B hmbp-hn-s\- n, B {]IrXn \nb-a-sø- n Ch A{i cm-wv. IÆns ImgvNbv p {]- Imiw Bh-iy-am-sW v Ah hniz-kn- p- p. F m, Bflo-b-amb IÆp- Iƒ p GsX- nepw Bflo-b-{]-Im-i- Øns Bh-iy-ap-s Imcy-Øn hniz-kn- p- n-. Cu {]] w AXns _mlyhpw B -cn-i-hp-amb F m Ign-hp-I-tfm-Spsam w A m-lp-hns Ah-b-h-ßƒ F \ne-bn \ne-sim-f-fp- p, Hmtcm hkvxphpw AXm-Xns ÿm\øpw Ah-k-c-Ønepw Ah-b-h-ß-fpsS {]hrøn-iƒ snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p- p, Ahs Hmtcm Dt±iyhpw B Ah-bh-ß-fn-eqsS shfn- Øp hcp p, B a[y-h Øn-Iƒ IqSmsX Hcp-t±-iyhpw shfn- Øp hcnibn -XpS-ßnb sszh- \n-baßƒ a\- n-em- n- -gn- p. C\n Adn n-cn-t - Xv ]cnip a\- pi- -fn Cd-ßp A m-lp-hns shfn- ]mspw Pn_vcoep-am-bn- p-ff _ -hp-am- Wv. AXp CkvemanI I a-im-kv{x- Øn Hcp A\n-hmcy Imcy-ambn a\- n-em- -s -Sp-Ibpw kzoi-cn- -s -Sp- Ibpw snbvxn- p-f-f-xm-wv. Cu _ hpw Rm\n-t mƒ ]d p Ign XØz-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. AXns hni-zo-i-cww Cß-s\-bm-Wv. api-fn ]d-b-s {]IrXn \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn v shfn-]m-sn-d- p- -Xn\pw shfn-]msv kzoicn- p- -Xn-\p-ff Ignhv \evip- -Xn\pw th n, A m-lp-hns shfn-]m-sp-]- chpw B ym-fln-i-hp-amb Dt±iyw shfn-s -Sp-Øm Hcp Ah-b-h-ambn tkh-\-a-\p-jvtn- p -Xn\v `uxn-i-amb Dt±-iy-ßƒ ]q Øn-bm- p- -Xn-\p-f-f- Xp-t]mse Hcp krjvsn D mth -Xm- Wv. AXp AtX Ah-bhw Xs -bm-wv. AXns\ a p hm p-i-fn Pn_vco F p hnfn- p- p. AXp B atlm- - X-amb kø-bpss Blzm-\sØ ]q W A\p-k-c-W-tØmsS bym Y Ah-b-h-sa- -t]mse W-Øn \S- n hcp-øp- p. AXm-bXv A mlp Xs kvt\ln- p- -h-\n-te v kvt\l- ]q hw as-ßp- -txm-sp-iqsn api-fn Ct mƒ hnh-cn p Ign \nb-a-a-\pk-cn v Pn_vcoen\pw A-t±lw hmbpt]m-setbm IÆns {]Im-iw-t]msetbm A m-lp-hp-ambn _ -s - -bmfm-bm-wv AXn-t\m-sSm w {]h Øn-t - -Xmbn hcp- p. As - n AXnßs\ ]d-bmw. A m-lp-hns A\- tøm-ssm- w-xs Pn_vcoepw A\n-b- { nxhpw kz -amb Dt±-iy-sam pw IqSm-sXbpw AtX-t]mse A\-ßm XpS-ßp- p. aqe-h-kvxp-hns Ne-\- tøm-ssm w \ng-en\pw \n _- -ambpw Nen-t n hcp- p-sh- Xv kzm`m-hn-iam-wv. A m-lp-hns BI j-whpw Blzm-\hpw {]Im-i-Øns DuØpw sim v Pn_vcoens {]Imiw Nen- m- XpS-ßp-tºmƒ s]s v AXns Hcp Ombm-Nn{Xw A-Xns\ dqlp Jp-Zpkv, ]cn-ip- m-flmhv F p Xs -bmwv hnfnt - -Xv kxy-hm-\mb kvt\ln-xs a\- n hc-bv -s -Sp- p. Ahs kxy-k- -amb kvt\l-øns Hcp hntijw A\p-t]- -Wo-b-ambn \ne-\nev p- p. At mƒ A m-lp-hns i_vzw {ihn- m {]kvxpx i n snhn-bpss ^ew {]Zm\w snøp- p. Ahs AZv`pXßƒ Z in- p- -Xn- \mbn IÆp-I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[nbmbnØocp- p. Ahs shfn-]m-sp- Iƒ \mhn-eqss ]pdøp hcp- -Xn\v Hcp Nme-I-i- n-bmbn {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- p.- AXp i n-tbm-sp-iqsn \mhns\ shfn- ]m-sp-]-c-amb tcj-bn-eqss \S-Øp- p. Cu i n D m-im-øn-s-tømfw a\pjys a\ v A -s\-t msebmbn-cn- pw. \mhv, F n-\n \n v th s p InS- p t_mkn-iƒ t]mse-bm-bn-cn- pw. ]t, Hm pi! dqlp Jp-Zpkv F t]cn Adn-b-s -Sp Cu i n Hmtcm a\- nepw Htc coxn-bntem kaam-bnt m A D m-ip- -Xv. ]q Whpw A]q W-hp-amb a\p-jys kvt\l- Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn pw D m-ip- -Xv. B Af-h-\p-k-cn v Pn_vcoens {]Imiw Ah-s -ta kzm[o\w snep-øp- p. C mcyw IqSn Hm a-h-bvt - -Xp- v. Ccp kvt\l-ßfpw HØp-tN-cp- - Xn-\m a\p-jy-a-\- n Pn_vcoens {]Im-i-Øns {]Xn- m-b-bm D m- Ip Cu dqlp Jp-Zp-kns i nsim v a\p-jy Ft mgpw A m-lphns ]cn-ip hn-\ßƒ ti p-sim- n-cn- -W-sat m Z i-\-]-c-ambn Fs - nepw I p-sim- n-cn- -Wsat m \n _- -an-. CXp sszhn-i-{]- Imiw kn n- p- -Xn\v, ASp-Ø hgn- 29

Iƒ t]mse-bm-wv. As - n Cßs\ ]d-bmw, CXp Bflob IÆp-Iƒ p ImWm th- n- A m-lp-hn \n pff Bflo-b-{]-Im-itam Bflob snhn- Iƒhsc i_vzw FØn- p- -Xn-\p-ff Bflob hmbpthm BWv. Hcp hkvxp apºn-en-s - n, shdpw shfn w H nt\bpw ImWn- p-i-bn-s - Xv hy am-wv. kwkm-cn- p- -hs hmbn \n v H pw ]pdøp hcp- n-s - n shdpw hmbp-hn\v snhn-iƒhsc Hcp hm Øbpw FØn- m km[n- p- I-bn-. AXp-sIm v Cu shfn tam hmbpthm Bflo-b-amb C{μn-bßƒ v sszhn-i-am-sbmcp ]n mßv \evi-p- p. _mly-amb IÆp-Iƒ p kqcy-{]-im-ihpw _mly-amb snhn- Iƒ p hmbp-hns _ hpw \n -bn- -s - n-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse A m-lphns Dt±iyw Ah-\n-te p {i n- ptºmƒ, AXm-bXv Xs hn\w Xs GsX- nepw sszh-{]-_p- s a\- n- se-øn- m-\p-t±-in- p-tºmƒ Ahs B kwkmc Ne-\-Øm DSs\ Pn_vcoeo{]Im-i-Øn, a\- n shfn- ]m-sn-sp- -Xn-\mbn Hcp {]Im-i-Øns Xnc-am-etbm hmbp-hns Xnc-am-etbm sszh-{]-_p- s \mhns\ Nen- n- p- -Xn-\mbn Bth-i-Øns Xnc-am-etbm D m-ip- p. Xnc-am-e-bpsS B Ae-X- en As - n Bth-i-Ø-f-fn- -bn Xma-kw-hn\m B hn\w sszh-{]-_p- s I ap-ºn Fgp-X-s - n-cn- p- -Xmbn ImWn p simsp- p- p. As - n snhn-iƒhsc Ahs i_vzw FØp- p. As - n \mhn B shfn-]m-sp-]-c-amb hm p-iƒ D m-ip- p. shfn-]m-sndßp- Xn-\p-aptº Hcp i n-t]mse Bflo-b-amb C{μn-bßfpw Bflo-b-amb shfn- hpw e`n- p p. Cu Ccp i n-ifpw \evi-s - Sp- Xv, shfn-]m-sn-d-ßp- -Xn-\p-aptº AXp kzoi-cn- p- -Xn-\p-ff {XmWn D m-ip- -Xn-\m-Wv. sszh-{]-_p- s a\ v Bflo-b-amb C{μn-b-ß-fn- m- ØtXm ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns shfn w lrz-b-i-æm-sn v FØn-bn- n- m-øtxm BsW- n Ah\v sszh-sh-fn-]msv GXp IÆp-I-fpsS ]cn-ip {]Im-i-ØmemWv ImWm Ign-bpI? Cu Bh-iywsIm- mwv Ch c pw sszh-{]-_p- \v BZyta Xs \evi-s -Sp- -Xv. Cu Kth-j-W-Øn \n v shfn-]m-sns\ kw_- n v Pn_vcoen\v aq p tpmen- I-fp-s Imcyhpw hmb-\- m a\- n-em- p- -Xm-Wv H v a\p-jy-i a-øn\v Hcp ssii- S-Ø-ep-an- msx GsXm-cp-hs {]Ir-Xnsb-bmtWm {]Xm-]-hm-\mb A mlp Xs ]c-a-im-cp-wn-i-x-bpss tx w H psim- p-am{xw shfn-]msp kzoi-cn- m X {]IrXn D m- m B{K-ln- p- Xv, Ah-\n K `-]m-{x-øn _op-am-bn-cn- p Ah-ÿ-bn Xs Pn_vcoeo {]Im-i-Øns \ng CSp- p. At mƒ AØcw hy n-bpss {]Ir-Xn-bn A mlp shfn-]m-sp-]-camb khn-tij-x-iƒ krjvsn- p-ibpw AXp kzoi-cn- m-\p-ff C{μnbw Ah\p e`n- p-ibpw snøp- p. Pn_vcoens c m-asø {]hrøn, a\p-jys kvt\lw A m-lp-hns kvt\l-øns \ng-en h p ]Xn- ptºmƒ A m-lp-hns in -W-]-c-amb {]h Ø\w Imc-W-Øm Pn_v coeo {]Im-i-Ønepw Hcp {]h Ø-\-ap- mbn kxy-hm-\mb kvt\ln-xs a\- n B {]Imiw sn p ]Xn- p- p. AXmbXv B {]Im-i-Øns {]Xn-_nw_w kxy-hm-\mb kvt\ln-xs a\- n ]Xn v Pn_vcoens Hcp Ombm-Nn{Xw Ah-\n D m-ip- p. AXv Hcp shfn- -amtbm hmbp-hmtbm NqSmtbm {]tbm- P-\-s -Sp- p. shfn-]m-sns ss\]p-wysa \ne-bn sszh-{]-_p- s D- nen-cn- p- p. AXns Hc w Pn_vcoens {]Im-i-Øn apßn-t m- Ip- p. at -A w sszh-{]-_p- s a\- n\pf-fn {]th-in- p- p. CXns\ a p hm p-i-fn dqlp Jp-Zpkv ]-cnip- m-flmhv As - n AXns Ombm- Nn{Xw F p ]d-bm-hp- -Xm-Wv. Pn_vcoens aq m-asø {]hrøn A m-lp-hn \n v GsX- nepw hn-\- an-d-ßp-tºmƒ Im p-t]mse Ae-b-Sn p h v B hn-\sø a\- ns snhn- Iƒhsc FØn- pi F -Xm-Wv. As - n shfn- -Øns h W-Øn hnfßn AXns\ I ap-ºn sim ph-cp- p. As - n Ne-\-Øns Bthi-Ø-f-fn- -bpss h W-Øn, thkw krjvsn v \mhns\ shfn-]m-sns hm p- I-fn-te p Nen- n- p- p. Hu-en-bm- - mcp-tsbpw {]hm-n-i- mcp-tsbpw shfn-]m-sp-iƒ pw Pm{K-Z i- \-ßƒ pw a p-f-f-hsc At]- n v F p {]txy-i-x-bm-wp-f-f-sx v tnmzn v kwi-b-ß-fnepw ktμ-l-ßfnepw AI-s p Ign-bp- -h-cpss sx mb-[m-c-w-ifpw Rm\n-hnsS AI- m B{Kln p-i-bm-wv. ImcWw \_nam pw hen-øp-am pw AZr-iy-Im-cyßƒ shfn-hm- -s -Sp- p-sh- n, a pf-f-h pw CS-bvs ms shfn-hm- s -Sp- p- t m? F -, Nne B mewl-i pw Atß-b w hrøn-si- -h pw-iqsn kxy-amb kz]v\-ß-fp- m-ip p! F pam-{xa G hpw Xcw-XmW Zp hr-øcpw t{zmln- Ifpw t]mepw Xßƒ I Z i-\-ßƒ hnh-cn- p-ibpw AXv AtX-]Sn ]pe-cp- Ibpw snøp- p. Xßsf \_n-sbt m at -sx- nepw Bflo-b-]-Zhn kn n- -hsct m ]dbp- -h-tcm-ssm w Zp \-S- p- Im-c\pw ChnsS ] m-fn-bm-wv. Ah-cm- Is Zp \-S- nepw Zp hr-øn-bnepw apgp- In-b-hcpw AXn Ip{]-kn n t\sn-bh-cp-am-wv. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ \_nam pw hen-øp-am pw F p ta bmwp Ah-ti-jn- p -Xv? CXn\p Rm adp-]sn ]d- p-sim-f-f-s. bym Y-Øn Cu tnmzyw AXns X\-Xmb ÿnxn-t\m- p-tºmƒ Ip -a- Xpw icn-bm-bn- p-f-f-xp-am-wv. Pn_vcoeo {]Im-i-Øns \qdn \mev]xp `mkw temiw apgp-h hym]n p \nev p- p- v. B m-ew-l-i\pw Ip -hm-fnbpw Atß-b w Xcw-XmW Zp hr-ø\pw H pw AXn\p shfn-bn-e-. F -, hospw-iq-sp-an- msx Ahn-tSbpwChntSbpw Np n- -dßn Pohn- p I co kwl-øn s kv{xo A-h-fpsS bphxzw apgp-h Zp hr-øn-bn-emwv Ign- n- p-f-f-xv- -C-S-bv nss \ kz]v\- ßƒ ImWm-dp-s - Xv a\- n-em- m Ign- n- p- v. Aß-s\-bp-ff kv{xo Nne-t mƒ Imap-I-\p-samØv InS- -]- n- Sp-tºmƒt]mepw Fs - nepw kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw AXp kxy-ambn ]pe-cp- Ibpw snøp p F -XmWv AZv`p-Xw. F m, Hm an- p-sim-f-fp-hn! AX-ßs\-X-s -bmwv D m-ti- n-bn-cp- -Xv. ImcWw sluvtim t -gvkmb kqcys\-t mse Pn_vcoeo {]Imiw temiw apgp-h AXns Ign-h-\p-k-cn v kzm[o\w snep-øp- p. \n a-e-amb tzi-kvt\-lhpw t{]a-]m-{x-tøm-sp-ff kvt\lhpw sxs - n-ep-an- mø ]q Wambpw Ccp- m-bn- p-ff Hscm a\pjy\pw temi-øn-. hfsc Xmgv {]Ir-Xn-bnepw AXp- m-ipw. Cu coxnbn t\m p-tºmƒ apgp-h BZw k -Xn-I-fp-sS-taepw sszh-e-lcn ]nsn Ah-cnse D -Ø-cmbhcp-sStaepw Aev]-sams Pn_vcoens 30

kzm[o-\-ap- m-ti- Xv \n _- -am-bncp p; bym Y-Øn D m-ip- p-ap- v. km[m-c-w- m apvzq_v F p ]d-bp sszh-e-l-cn-bn D -Ø-cm-b-hcpw, Nne Ah-ÿ-I-fn `uxn-i-x-bp-ambn Hcp Xc-Øn Ah _ w hnt -Zn- p- - Xn-\m Pn_vcoeo {]Im-i-Øns Iosg h p hogp- p. Ah-cpsS B`y- -c-amb IÆp-I-fn B {]Im-i-Øn shfn w Aev]-sams h p ]X-n-bp- p. AXpap-tJ\ A m-lp-hns ad- n-cn- p \nb-{ -W-ßƒ Ipds ms Ah ImWm\pw XpS-ßp- p. F m, AhcpsS kz]v\-ßfpw Z i-\-ßfpw \p_p- Δ-Øn\pw hnem-b-øn\pw Hcp Xhpw hcp-øp-i-bn-. Ah-cpsS al-\o-b-ÿm- \-Øn\v Hcp tim hpw X p-i-bn-.- A- Zv`p-X-s -Sp-Øp Hcp Ahy- -Xbpw D m-ip-i-bp-an-. F p-sim-s - m, {]Xy- -am-b-\n-e-bn Hmtcm \njv -f- \pw a\- n-em-ip hy -am-sbmcp hyxymkw CS-bn-ep- v. AsX- m-sw- p-h- m, {]txy-i- m-cp-tsbpw km[mc-w- m-cp-tsbpw kz]v\-ßfpw Pm{K- Z i-\-ßfpw AXns tn m-]-cambpw hn`-p-\-]-c-ambpw Af-hnepw ÿnxn-bnepw Hcn- epw ka-am-bn-cn- p- I-bn-. A m-lp-hns {]txyi Bfp- Iƒ Aam-\p-jn-I-amb \ne-bn AZriy-A-\p-{K-l-ß-fpsS Hm-l-cn-sb-Sp- p- p. Ah p \evi-s -Sp A\p-{K-lß-fn temiw ] m-fn-i-fm-ip- p- v. ssibn Hc-W-bp-ff `n - m-c Xm\pw ]W-Øns JP-\m-hp-I-fp-ff cmpm-hmsw v IW- p-iq- p- Xp t]mse-bm-w-xv. AXn \n m-c-amb B ] m-fn-øw-sim v cmpm-hns {]uvnbv v Hcp tim hpw X m t]mip- n-. Aev]w Nn n p t\m p- I, an m-an-\p-ßn\pw kqcy\pw {]Im-iap- v. B ] m-fn-øw-sim v kqcys _lp-a-xn-bn \n v Fs - nepw ]nsn- p-]- m Ign-bptam? AXp-sIm v D - X-amb t{ijvt-x-bpw Af-hpw ÿnxnbpw ASn-ÿm-\s Sp-Øn-bp-amWv F m A\p-{K-l-ßfpw Ic-ÿ-am-Ip sx v Adn n-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. A msx Hc- cw Xncn- -dn-bp- -Xp-sIm v Hcmƒ alm-]-fin-x\p Xpey-\m-Ip-sa- -. bmzr- n-i-ambn c p-hcn IhnX \mhn Xp-ºn hcp-tºmƒ alm-ihn BIp-sa- -. m\-øn-t tbm `c-w- Øn-t tbm ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Hcp h Khpw AWp-hns DZm-l-cW ] mfn-ø-øn \n v Hgn-h-. Hcp cmpmhv apgp-tem-ihpw `cn- p- p. A{]-Im-cw- Xs Hcp Iqen-th-e- m-c\pw Xs IpSn-en Xs Ip n-i-fp-tsbpw Xs `mcy-bp-ts-bpw-ta `c-wm-[n-im-cn-bm-wv. C\n Ah-ti-jn- p Imcyw A mlp k kz-`m-hn-i-fnepw Zp z-`m-hn-ifnepw F n\p ] m-fn-øw sh p F -Xm-Wv. hnsø \ne-bn A{i- -cm-bn- n-s- p kwl-sø AZr-iy-amb A\p- {K-l-Øn F n\p `mk-`m- m n? Ip m-tcm-]-w-øn\pw \ymb-]q Øn hcp- Øp- -Xn-\pw-th- nbmwv `mk-`m- m- nbn- p-f-fxv F mwv AXn-\p-ff adp-]sn. Cu hnøp-]-c-amb ] m-fnøw Imc-W- Øm Hmtcm \ntj-[nbpw kºq WXssI-h-cn- a\p-jy-cpss Ahÿbv p km n-bm-h-ww. Ah Xs sndnb Ign-hns hrø-øn \n- p-sim v B kºq W-cmb Bfp-IfpsS \mhn \n v tiƒ p Xp Ipd p t\m n ImWp-tºmƒ B Aev]am{Xam-b- kv^p-c-ww-sim v kxy-lr-z-btømss B sh-fn-]m-sp-]-c-amb ImcysØ XnI pw Akw-`m-hy-ambn a\- n-em- m Ah\p km[n- p-i-bn-. Ah Cu Bflo-b-amb {]txy-i-x-bpss -Aev]w amxri Dƒs m-f-fp Imc- W-Øm A m-lp-hns \nμbv p hnt[-b-\m-wv. CXns shfn- -Øn \ntj-[m-h-ÿ-tbm-sp-iqsn Ah ]nsn- -s -Spw; A mlp \mep thz-ßfpw Cd- n-bn v ]n osp W-Øn Fs t - p-ambn shfn-]m-sns ]mb Npcp- n-h- p-sh v C m-esø Bcy-k-am-P- m [cn- p- -Xp-t]m-se. F m, A m-lp-hns {]IrXn \nbaw Ahsc Ip -hm-fn-bm- p- p. AZr-iy-Im-cy-ßƒ shfn-s -Sp Cu ]c-ºc Ct mgpw \S p hcp- -Xmbpw Ah-cnse B m-ew-l-i -t]mepw CS-bv n-ssk- kz]v\-ßƒ ImWp- -Xmbpw Ah kz w IÆp-sIm v ImWp- p- v. AXp-sIm v Xs Bflo-bm-\p- {Klw Cd- p- -Xn\p C m-e-l- - Ønse B m-ew-l-i-tcbpw kpjtem-ep-]-tc-bpw-t]mepw am n \ndp-øm-xncn- p-ibpw Ah pw kxy-amb kz]v\-ßƒ ImWn- p-sim-sp- p-ibpw snøp-tºmƒ Ahs Cjv -S-Øn-s\mØv \S- p hcpw XnI-hp- Xpw ]cn-]q Whp-amb \ne-bn Ah-t\mSp tn p \nev p- -h-cp-amb-hcpss-ta Fs m- mwv Ah Cd- m-xn-cn- p-i. Cu hnønse ] m-fn-ø-øns Hcp clkyw, F{X henb B m-ew-l-i\pw hrøn-si- -h\pw tnmc-ip-sn- p \ntj-[n-bp-am-sw- nepw Ah Cu ] m-fn-ø-øn Nn n- p-sim v, A mlp Xs krjvsn- n- p-f-fxv \in- n- p- -Xn\p th n-b-s pw Xs Df-fnepw hf-cm-\p-ff hgn \nt -]n- n- p-s pw X\n- p {]Xy- -s -Sm hnøp \evin-bn- p-s pwa\- n-em- pi F -Xm-Wv. -C-Xn Ah\pw apt m p Nph-Sp-h-bv m Ign-bpw. A mlp Xs A\p-{K-l-ß-fpsS ` - W-Ø-fnI {]IrXym Ah\v \ntj-[n- n- n-. Xs Df-fn \nt -]n- -s - n-cn- p B {]Imiw D]-tbm-Kn- msx kzbw Ah Xf-fn- -fbpibpw tam {]m]vxn- p-ff {]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb am K-ßsf Adn- p-sim v Ah-K-Wn- p-i-bp-am-sw- n Ah Xs AX- \p-ø-c-hm-zn-bm-wv. AXns Xn -^ew Ah\p A\p-`-hn-t nhcpw. (-A-h-km-\n- p) Al mchpw s]mß hpw Xs lrzbøn AWpAfhv Al mcap h kz KØn {]thin pibn. At mƒ Hcmƒ tnmzn p. Xs hkv{xhpw ]mzpihpw `wknbp XmhWsa v B{Kln p Hcmsf n F p ]dbp p? {]hmni adp]sn ]d p. A mlp kpμc\mip p. A mlp kuμcysø CjvSs SpIbpw snøp p. Alw`mhw kxysø \ntj[n epw P\ßsf XcwXmgvØepamWv. (\_n hn\w apkvenw ) 31

tej\w axhpw cmjv{sobhpw kpss_z apkvx^ ]minkvxm\nse {]ikvx Cw ojv Zn\]{Xamb tum 2012 \hw_ 7\v {]kn oicn Cu tej\w ax\yq\] ßfpsS ]minkvxm\nse Ahÿbpw axxo{hhmzniƒ v AhtcmSp at\m`mhhpw hy am p p. ]minkvxm\nse BZysØ h\nxm apjy[mcm ]{X{]h ØIbmb tejni 1975 apx 2008 hsc tumwnse FUnt mdnb t_m Uv AwKambncp p. ]minkvxms C sø Ahÿbn ZxpJnXbmb FgpØpImcnbmWv Ah. kao] ImeØv ]minkvxm\n h n phcp A{IaØns bpw `oichmzøns bpw ] møeøn ax Xo{hhmZw F mthznifnepw N snøs SpIbmWv. ]minkvxms CkvemanI hy nxzw F v ]ecpw AhImis Sp Imcyßƒ \ntj[m Xva IambmWv hnebncpø s Sp Xv. axøns t]cn \n hln s Sp sx mw P\ß ƒ nsbn kwib ZrjvSntbmsSbmWv t\m n ImWp Xv. AXn\m ÿnxn IqSpX hjfmbn hcnibmwv. Cu axmxvai hy nxzw hmkvxhøn F mbncp p? C ym D]`qfiØn atxx ccmb cmjv{sob t\xm m apkvenwiƒ v th n Hcp P tklw krjvsn pibmbncp p. F m ]minkvxm cq]nicwøn\v tijw Ckvemw \ma[mcnifmb Nne Xo{hhmZnIƒ ]minkvxm cmjv{s tøbpw kaqltøbpw DS Xs X nsbsp pibmbncp p. sk pe t\xm m cq]w \ Inb ]minkvxm s\ cq ambn FXn Øhcmbncp p Cu I niƒ. axcmjv{shmzøns\xncmbncp ]minkvxm cmjv{sob t\xrxzw ]n os vzp _ehpw BXvahnizmkw \jvss hcpambn Xo p. XßfpsS Zp _ex Ftßm mwv \bn pi F A]ISsØ Ipdn v ap Iq n a\ nem mø apkvenweokv t\xrxzw s]mxpp\ a yøn CkvemanI `cwøns h m fmbn apt m v h p. Cu Zu _eyøns {]Ya DZmlcWw 1949 se `cwls\m \n amw kanxnbn ]m m nb H_vPIvSohv dnkeqj\mwv. {ItaW apkvenwifpw a p axhn`mkßfp ambp AI v CXv ImcWambn. ]minkvxm\n sk pednk Ønepw DZmccmjv{SobØnepw hnizkn t\xmhmbncp p skuv. F. `qt m. Xs Xf _m[n Hcp cmjv{sob L Øn At±lw axw F Xpcp p No v FSpØv Ifn m asn n. 1974 AlvaZnIsf Aapkvenw \yq\] ambn {]Jym]n pi hgn BcmWv apkvenw BcmWv Aapkvenw F v {]Jym]n phm\p A[nImcw cmjv{søn \n n]v Xambn. F n pw Xs cmjv{sob `mhntbm kz w `mhntbtbm c n m At±lØn\mbn. ]minkvxm C sø Cu Ahÿbne mbncp p Bth n bncp Xv. 1940 se ]minkvxm {]tabøns k {]Imcw, apkvenwiƒ v Hcp P tklw F mwv AXn hfsc hy ambn ]dbp Xv. apkvenw `qcn] ap {]tzißfn a p axÿ pw \yq\] ßfpsS afießfnepw Ah A[nhkn p tajeifnepw Ah v kapnn Xhpw ^e{]zhpamb imk\m[n Imchpw kpc bpap mbncnt XmWv. IqSmsX kmwkv mcnihpw kmºønihpw cmjv{sobhpw `cw]c hpamb AhImißfnepw a p {]txy ImhImißfpw AhtcmSv BtemNn v `cw LS\bn AhcpsS AhImi ßƒ Dd v hcptø XmsW pamwv. 1947 BKkvXv 11 \v `cwls\m \n amw kanxnsb A`nkwt_m[\ snbvxpsim v \SØnb DZvLmS\ {]kwkøn cmjv{s ]nxmhmb JmbntZ AAvkw C{]Imcw ]dbpi bp mbn."\nßƒ kzx{ cmwv. Aºeßfnte pw ] nifnte pw a p Bcm[\mebßfnte pw t]mim \nßƒ v ]q W kzmx{ yap mbncn pw. \nßƒ GXv PmXnbnepw axønepw I nbnepw s] hcmis AsX mw \nßfpss hy n]camb Imcyw am{xw. cmpyøn\v AXpambn bmsxmcp _ hpan. ASnÿm\]cambn Cusbmcp Imcyw Dds {]Jym]n p sim mwv \mw Bcw`n p Xv. AXmbXv \msa mw HtccmPyØnse XpeymhImiap ]uc mcmwv' FhnsSbmWv sx p] nbxv? ]minkv Xms ÿm]i t\xm m F mhn[ kwc Wßfpw hmkvzm\w snøs Hcp cmpyøv F psim v Aapkvenw 32

Iƒ v bmsxmcp kpc bpan m Xmbn? Ah v tpmen e`n p Xnepw hnzym`ymk tajeifnepw ISpØ hnthn\w A\p`hn p p. Ah s Xnsc ax\nμ Btcm]n p Ahsc \new ]cnim n fbp p. AhcpsS sndp mcnifmb s] Ip nisf X n s m v t]mip p. Ah \n _ ax]cnh Ø\Øn\v hnt[bcmip p. ]ecpw Xs h[øn\v e o` hn p p. CXns sb mw ^eambn Ahcn an hcpw cmpyw hnsp IbmWv. CsXm pw Xs `qcn] P\ßƒ AwKoIcn p n. CXns\Xnsc AXmbXv Cu Ac nxmhÿs Xnsc i n m\p IcptØm i n tbm `qcn] ßƒ n. AXv ImcWw GsXmcp hnizmkn pw Abmƒ GsXmcp axøn s] h\mis cmjv{sw Abmƒ v kpc \ Ip n. CXv ImcWw an Aapkvenw Ifpw `oxnbn IgnbpIbmWv. \oxn pw kam[m\øn\pw th n bp tziob IΩojs dnt m n, kviqƒ ]mt]pkviøn A\yaX hntcm[w hf Øp Xn A[nImcn IfpsS ] v hy amhp p v. ax\yq\ ] ßƒ v A\pIqeamb A co w amdn kaqløn\v ta ap m bnkøns ]nsnapdp p kml Ncyw hf ØnsbSp m CXv ImcWambn. C\nbpw kabw sshinbn n. C sø kmaqly axkmlncyw am nbns n ]ns sbmcn epw Xncn phcm ] mø hn[w cmpyw Xo{hhmZØneIs pt]mipw. ]minkvxm C kv n yq v Hm^v te_ FUypt j B v dnk v kwlsn n Hcp ]cn]msnbn Aapkvenw hn`mkøn s] h Xßsf "\yq\] w' F v ]cma in p Xns\ i nbmbn {]XnIcn p Ibp mbn. Cu \yq\] {]tbmkw ] ]mx]chpw H s SpØent bpw {]XoIamsW pw B {]tbmkw Ahsc apjy[mcbn \n v AI p Ibpw `cwls\bpss B n nƒ 25 hmkvzm\w snøp XpeymhImiw \ntj[n pibpw snøp p. `cwls \bpss ASnÿm\ \nbaßƒ hy ambpw AapkvenwIƒ v \nch[n kpc m hmkvzm\ßƒ \ Ip p. AØcw kpc m hip pisf mw ]minkvxm ]o\ timuv Ih s Sp pibpw snøp p. C v ax ]m niƒ v ax\yq\ ] ßsf AI n\n Øns m p AhcpsS AP \S m m\p \nch[n kmlncyw ]minkvxm\nep v. CXn Nne CeIvt{SmWnIv am yaßfpss kzm[o\w sndpx. Ckvemw axøns {]NmcI\msW v ]d psim v \yq\] ßƒs Xnsc hntzzjmkv\n {]Ncn n p hntzzj {]NmcI v A\mhiyamb {]NmcWw simsp pibmwv. CXns ]n nep KqVe yßsf pdn v Bsc nepw Nn n n pt m? C ybnse {]ikvx FgpØp Imc\pw kmaqly {]h ØI\pamb AkvKden F o\ob Hcn ]d Hcp Imcyw Rm Hm pi bmwv. bmsxmcp kwibhpw IqSmsX \ap v ]dbm Ignbp Hcp Imcyw F m kmapzmbni Iem]ßƒ pw ]n n KqVamb kmºøni e yw D v F p XmWv. {]tzißfpss ta timbva v th ntbm, Nnet mƒ I hs Xm ]cyßtfm As n sxmgn ]camb ImcWamtbm Bbncn pw Cu Iem]w. \ΩpsS ImcyØn cmjv{sobm[nimcw ]nsns Sp emwv apjyimcww. Cu ] møeøn sk pedn køns {]NmcWØn\v th n ap sk\ CJv_m sslzcns t\xrxzøn P\m[n]Xy]chpw I nclnxhpamb Hcp thzn v th nbp \o w hfsc {it bamwv. kmaqly \oxn F mh pw Dd v hcpøp Xn\v th nbpw ax \nc t] Xsb pdn v t_m[hxv cww \SØm\pw \nbaw Zp hymjym\w snøp Xv XSbm\pamWv Cu thzn bpss {]myani hnfw_cøn {]Jym]n ncn p Xv. F mh pw \oxnbne[njvtnxamb ]minkvxm s tziobxsb pdn v Aht_m[w P\n n m \nba cpw s]mxp {]h ØIcpw am ya {]h ØIcpw t{suv bqwnb {]Xn\n[nIfpw kao]n m Ah Xocpam\n n p v. CXv A{X Ffp ap Imcya. F nepw sk\ am v P\]n pw e`n p p v. Cu sndnb {iaw hensbmcp {]ÿm\ambn amdnbn s n AXn\v bmsxmcp Ne\hpw krjvsn m Ignbn. CØcsamcp Aht_m[Øns A`mhamWv {]XntemaImcnIƒ v sskzc hnlmcw \SØm Ignbp Xv. t]pv 11 \n v XpS ImcWw At±lw kw`hÿeøv sh p Xs ilozmhpibp mbn.. 1994 se _bvaømbncp p. kn{i dn X _nøøv \u ap_mbncu Bbn tkh\w snbvxncp p. ZAvhsØ Ce mbpss ipav_bnse \n{km Bbncp p. \mknw X _nøøv \u ap_mcu\mbn tkh\w A\pjvTn pibmbncp p. k KpW kº \m bncp p. apjøv Ft mgpw ]p ncn \ne\n ncp p. ]Xpßnb kzcøn emwv kwkmcn ncp Xv. At±l Øns `mcy ]dbp p, hfscb[niw Fs {i n pibpw kvt\ln pibpw snøp ` Ømhmbncp p At±lw. hm ey\n[nbmb ]nxm hmbncp p. Zo\o tkh\hpw Jnem^ Ønt\mSp A\pkcWhpw kvt\ lhpw At±lØns {]txyi KpWØn s] Xmbncp p. `mcy ]dbp p, _ Znbm SuWn \S p hcp ilmzøpiƒ ImcWambn AhnsS kwl jw \ne\n ncp p. ilozv a lpw ilmzøn\v Hcp Znhkw apºv Ft msv ]d p; Nne AlvaZo hospiƒ Ct mgp Ahÿ ImcWw ChnsS \n pw hn pt]mhpibmwv. Cßs\ snbvxm i{xp ƒ XßfpsS ] Xnbn hnpbn pib t snøpi. F n v KZvKZtØmsS ]d p, Rm `bs Sp n. Fs B{Klw A mlphns hgnbn ilozmipisb mwv. \nßƒ `b s Sp pt m F v Ft msv tnmzn p. `mcy ]d p, Rm `bs Sp n. \nßƒ pw F\n pw ilmzøv e`ns n F mwv Fs B{Klw. `mcy FgpXp p, F\n v aq v s] Ip nifmwv. sndp{]mbønep Ip nifmwv. A mlp Ah v tim`\ `mhn \ Im\mbn ZpB snøpi. A mlp AhcpsS klmb I\pw kwc I\pambnØocs. (hnh. auehn \mkn AlvaZv) 33

tej\w Cukm \_n (A) hnhmlnx\mbncp pthm? aue\m A p mlv kmln_v FOv. F. Cukm \_n(a) hnhmlnx\mbncp psh v sxfnbn psim v ticfønse AlvaZnøm anj\dnbpw alm]wvunx\pambncp teji Adp]sØmºXv h jßƒ v apsºgpxnb tej\w. Ign e Øn ss nfns\ B[mcam n Cu hnjbsø ] nbp tej\w {]kn oicn ncp p. Cukm \_n (A) sszhamsw pw At±lw a\pjycpss ]m] ]cnlm cm Yw Ipcnin acn p aq mw Znhkw Dbn søgpt v BImitØ v Ibdnt msb pw, {InkvXym\nIƒ hnizkn p Xv t]mseb `qcn] apkvenwiƒ hnizkn p hcp Xv. AhcpsS hnizmkamis i{xp fmb blqz Cukm \_n(a) sb At±lØns 33 masø hb n {Iqin m ]nsn p Xn\v hf t mƒ A mlp At±lsØ BImiØnte v Db Øn c s Sp Ønsb pw ]Icw i{xp fn Hcphs\ A mlp cq]m cs SpØn bx\pkcn v Ahs\ blqz Cukm \_nsb v sx n cn p ]nsn p sim p t]mbn Ipcnin Xd p sim p sh pamwv. Cßs\ {InkvXym\nIfpw apkvenwifpw XΩnep hnizmkøn\v A caps nepw Cukm \_n(a) 33 masø hb n BImitØ v Db Øs p F hnizmksø kw_ n nstømfw CcpIq cpw GI`mh m Xs bmwv. AXp sim v Cukm \_n Xs 33 hb p 34 hscbp PohnX L Øn hnhmlw snbvxn n F {InkvXym\nIfpsS hnizmksø Ahew_n p sim v apkvenwifpw s]mxpth hnizkn p Xv B ]pwymxvamhv hnhmlw snbvxncp ns mwv. AhcpsS hnizmk {]ImcamsW nepw CXn te v hnip Jp B\n \nt m lzokn \nt m Ah v bmsxmcp sxfnhpw e`n pibn. {]hmni msc ] n s]mxpth ]e A_ hrøm ßfpw Jp Bs `mjy{kÿßfn ÿew ]nsn pibpw Ah apkvenwi fpss hnizmkßsft mww {] Ncn pibpw snbvxxv {]hmni msc kw_ n v blqz \kmdm fpss CSbn \S p Xpw ss nfn hnhcn s Xpamb IYIsf ]q h apkvenw ]finx m kxy hrøm ßsf v [cn Xv sim mwv. C{]Imcw Xs bmwv Cukm \_nsb ] nbp ]e ASnÿm\clnXamb {InkvXy hnizmkßfpw apkvenwifn IS p IqSnbXv. hmkvxhøn AØcw hnizmkßfn henb `mkhpw B[mca hbpw {]hmni mcpss ÿm\amlmxvayøn\v \nc mø XpamWv. ssz Ly `bøm B hi kwkxniƒ ChnsS hnhcn p n. Cukm \_n (A) 33 masø hb n BImiØnte v FSp s psh pw AXp ]cy ap PohnX Øn At±lw hnhmlw Ign n n s pamwt m s]mxpthbp hnizmkw. F m Aßs\ At±lw BImiØnte v Db Øs n ns pw Hcp Zo LImetØmfw At±lw Pohn ncp v Xs ZuXyw {]t_m[n p sim ncn psh pw hnhmlw snøp ImcyØn At±l Øn\v bmsxmcp {]Xn_ hpw D m bn ns pw sxfnbp Xmbm At±lw Xs Zo Lamb PohnX Ime Øn\nSbn hnhmlw snbvxn ps v ]dbp Xv AkwKXamIbn. At± lw hnhmlw snbvxn ns v ]dbp XmIs ASnÿm\clnXambn p XmsW v B pw Ffp Øn a\ nemhp XmWv. B ]pwymxvamhv 33 masø hb n BImitØ v Db Øs SpIb. a p {]hmni msct mse ZnhyZuXyw \n hln

Xn\v tijw Cu `qanbn Xs arxn s SpIbmWp mbsx hnip Jp B\n \n pw kp{kmlyamhp p v. At±lw F{X hb phsc Pohn ncp psh Jp B\n {]kvxmhn s n ns nepw 120 hb phscat±lw Pohn ncp p sh v \_n hn\ßfn {]kvxmhn n p v. \_n Xncpta\n Acpƒ snbvxxv C{]ImcamWv. Cuk_v\p adnbw 120 hb v hsc Pohn ncp n p s v Ft msv At±lw(Pn_vco ) ]d p. \_n (k) ]d n p Xmbn lzvdøv Bbnibpw lzvdøv ^møn abpw \nthz\w snbvxn p Cu hn\sø X{_m\n Xs "apavpnap I_o 'F {KŸØn D cn n p v. lzvdøv C_v\p Dadpw Cu \_n hn\sø \nthz\w snbvxn p v. Cu lzokns\ pdn v A mam k Jm\n ]d ncn p Xv Cu lzokv X{_m\n hnizmkytbmkycmb \nthzi m aptj\ Xs apavpnap I_o F {KŸØn D cn n p v F mwv. (ahmln_p Zp nø. Pn Zv, 1 `m 42) A mam kn o v lk Jm Cßs\ ]d ncn p p: Cuk_v\p adnbw 120 hb v hsc Pohn ncp p F lzokns\ X{_m\n Xs apavpnap I_o F {KŸØn hnizmtbmky cmb \nthzi mcn \n pw D cn n p v. CXns\ lm nw Xs "akvxzvcn v'f {KŸØn \nthz\w snbvxn p v.(lp Indma `m428) Cßs\ Cukm \_n (A) 120 hb p hsc Pohn ncn p p sh v Pn_vco aptj\ kn n Adnhh\pkcn v \_n Xncpta\n(k) \Ωƒ v ]Tn n p X ncn ptºmƒ Cukm \_n 33 masø hb n At±ltØmSv BImitØ v Db Øs psh v e W mb ]WvUnX m ]dbp Xmbmepw AXv hnizkn mhx. Aßs\ 33 masø hb n Cukm \_n BImitØ v FSp s p F hnizmkw ASn ÿm\ clnxambxpw {InkvXym\nIƒ apjm ncw apkvenwifn {]Ncn Xp amsw p Nne ]WvUnX m Xs kωxn n p v."^xvlp _bm ' F Jp B `mjyøn Cu hnjbiambn Cßs\ ]d p ImWp p."lm^nkv C_v\p Jønw Xs "kmzp abzv' F {KŸØn Cßs\ ]d ncn p p: "Cukm \_n 33 masø hb n Db Øs psh v ]dbp Xn\v B[mcamb hnizmktbmkyamb bmsxmcp lzokpw C ' 33 masø hb n Db Øs psh Xv \kmdm fn \n pw \nthz\w snøs XmIbm At±lw ]d XmWv bmym Yysa v imao ]d n p v.' (^Xplp _bm, Pn Zv 2 `m 49) CXn \n pw hy amhp Xv Cukm \_n (A) 33 masø hb n BImitØ v Db Øs nt bns pw Aßs\ Db Øs psh hnizmkøn\v B[mcambn p Xv {InkvXym\nIfpsS hnizmkw am{xamsw pw hmkvxh Øn At±lw 120 hb phsc Pohn ncp n ps v hcptºmƒ At±lw 33 masø hb n BImi Ønte v Itcds psh pw CX]cy ap PohnX L Øn At±lw hnhmlw snbvxn n s pw {InkvXym \niƒ ]dbp psh Xv sim vam{xw At±lw hnhmlnx\mbncp ns v hnizkn p Xv \ymbamin. Cukm \_n 33 hb v hsc ^ekvxo\n \bn PohnX L sø pdn v am{xta kphn tijßfn {]Xn]mZn s n p psh nepw, At±lw Znhy ZuXyw \ndth nb Hcp kxy {]hmni\miwsa n AXn\v tijhpw At±lw Pohn ncp Cukvdmtb tkm{xßƒ nsbn se mw Xs Xs ZuXyw {]t_m[n ncnt XmWv. Fs m At±lw Ckvdmboey v th n dkqembnh bmfmbncp psh v hnip Jp B\n \n pw kphntijßfn ImWp At±l Øns kz w hn\ßfn \n pw kv]jvsamip p. F m At±lw ^ekvxo\n {]hmni\mbn \ntbmkn s ImeØv Ckvdtb m ]{ v tkm{xßfn sh v c v tkm{xßƒ am{xta AhnsS Xmak am nbn p q. _m n ]Øv tkm{x ßfpw At±lØns Bhn `mh Øn\v apºvxs A odnb cmpmhmb imea k Ahsc ]q h tziøv XShpImcmbn sim p t]mbx\pkcn v A^vKm\nÿm Imivao XpSßnb ÿeßfn ]m pd n ncp p. Cu hkvxpx Ncn{XØn \n pw {Kln mhp XmWv.* At mƒ Ckvdtb m mbn \ntbmkn s Cukm \_n ^ekvxo\nse c v tkm{x mtcmsv am{xw Ipd v ImetØmfw Xs ZuXyw {]t_m[n Xn\v tijw `qcn] mcmb _m n tkm{x mtcmspw A{]Imcw {]t_m[\w sntø Xn\v Ah A[nhkn ncp tzißfn sn pibpw AhcpsS CSbn Pohn ncn pibpw snbvxncnt XmWv. Aßs\ At±lw _m n tkm{x mcnepw k m {]t_m[\w snbvxns p hcnin At±lw Znhy ZuXyw \n hln ns pw Xs BKat\mt±iyw k^eam n bns pw ]dtb nhcpw. Ckvdmboey A meøv Imivao apxeb ]q h tziøv ]m Øncp psh kwkxn ChnsS hnkvxcn p n. F m Cukm \_n(a) ^ekvxo\n {]hmni\mbn \ntbmkn s ImeØv AhnsS c v Ckvdtb tkm{xßƒ am{xta D mbncp p p sh Xv blqznifpw {InkvXym\nIfpw Hcp t]mse AwKoIcn p Hcp hkvxpxbmwv. AXpsIm v _m n tkm{xßƒ Xmakn p tzißfn At±lw sn p Xs ZuXyw {]t_m[n t Xv At±lØns [ aambn cp p. AXv At±lw \n h ln ns v Hcn epw hnnmcn m \nh Ønbn. At±lw ^ekvxo\n \n v adp tziøv h v Xmakn ncp Xmbn hnip Jp B\n \n pw a\ nem hp p v."\mw Cuk_v\p a ban t\bpw At±lØns amxmhnt\bpw HcSbmfam nbncn pibpw, hmktbmkyhpw \ sh ap Xpamb Hcp X {]tziøv Ahcncp h pw \mw A`bw \ IpI bpw snbvxp.' (23:50) Cu hmiyøn \n v hy amhp Xv A mlp Cukm \_nsb At±lØn\v t\cn Hcp henb A]ISØn \n v c s Sp ØpIbpw Pekar hpw ^e`qbn jvshpamb Hcp D X {]tziøn At±lØn\v Xmakn m kuicyw \ IpIbpw snbvxpsh XmWv. Cu BbØn ]dbs e WßtfmSv IqSnb cmpyw ImivaocmsW Xv Hcp ]cam Yw am{xamwv. At±lØns A`bÿm\w GenbmsW pw dmsa bmw pw an{kmsw pw Znaniv m sw pw a pw `mjyimc m `n m`n {]mbamwv tcjs SpØnbncn p Xv. 35

F m ^ekvxo\nse t{zmlnifmb blqz cn \n v c s Sp Xn\v Cukm \_n C d GsX nepw ÿe ØmWv A`bw {]m]n sx p hnnmcn m \nhrønbn. Fs m B ÿeßfn FhnsS sh mbmepw At±lØn\v blqzcpss Iøn \n pw c s Sm km ya. At±lsØ blqcpss t{zmtlmzy aßfn \n p A mlp c s Sp ØnbXn\v tijw At±lsØ ]ns bpw ^ekvxo\n Xs Xmakn n pamdm nsb p hnnmcn p Xv icnb. At±lØn v Cu A`bw e`n Xv At±lØns Znhy \ntbmk Øn\v tijap mb Hcp A]IS kw`høn\v tijambncn psa v Jp B\n \n pw a\ nem mhp XmWv. Fs m {]hmni m v sszhøn \n p e`n p hnpbtøbpw AhcpsS i{xp ƒ p mip ]cmpbsøkw_ n pap {]kvxmh\iƒ nsbnemwv Cukm \_nsb pdn v ta {]Imcw Jp B {]kvxmhn ncn p Xv. AXvsIm v A mlp At±lØn\v \ Inb A`bZm\w blqz At±l sø sim phm snbvx {IqioIcW {iaøn \n pap c bmbn cn mt\xcap q. ai\p mip B]Øv amxmhn\v B]ØmIp XmIbm BWv Ah c v t] pw A`bw \ In F v A m lp ta Sn BbØn ]d ncn p Xv. Npcp Øn Cukm \_nsb A mlp Ipcnip acwøn \n v c n pibpw ta Sn BbØn hnhcn s e WßtfmSv IqSnb Cukvdmtb tkm{x m A[nhmkw snbvxncp Hcp {]tziøv At±l Øn\v A`bw \ IpIbpw snbvxp F v AXn \n pw a\ nemip p. "Ckvdtb KrlØnse ImWmsX t]mb BSpIfpsS ASp te msx Rm Ab s n n.' (aøm.15:24) F pw "ImWmsXt mbxns\ Xnc p c n m\t m a\pjy ]p{x h Xv' (eq m 19: 10) F pw At±lw ]d Xv sim v, Xm Ckvdtb tkm{xøn ImWmsX t]mb tkm{x ßfpsS ASp sn p AhtcmSv k m tkm]tziw sntø Xn\v \nbp amb BfmsW mwv hy am n bncn p Xv. Ckvdmtb tkm{xßƒ Xmakn hnhmlw snømxncn p Xn\p aq pimcw ßfn H pw Xs Cukm \_n n F p hcptºmƒ, Xo bmbpw At±lw hnhmlw snbvxncn Ww F p Xs bmwv hnnmcnt Xv. F m ^ekvxo\v ]pdtabp At±l Øns PohnXsØ kw_ n hrøm w Ncn{X Øn\v A mxambncn sim v At±lØns hnhmlsø pdn v \Ωƒ v Ncn{Xw aptj\ Adnbm km[n p n Ft bp q. F nepw At±lw hnhmlw snbvx Bfmbncp psh p hnip Jp B\n \n v a\ nemhp p v. ncp ÿeßfn Cukm \_n k cn ncn psh v \_n hnßƒ hy am p p. \_n Xncpta\n(k) ]dbp p: "A mlp Cukm v Cßs\ hlvbv \ In: "A tbm Cukm \o Adnbs SmXncn p Xn\v Hcp ÿeøv \n pw as mcp ÿetø v k cn psim n cn pi.' (I kp DΩm, Pn Zv 2,`m34) ho pw \_n Xncpta\n (k) ]dbp p: k ybmiptºmƒ Im v Noc h Kßƒ ` n p Ibpw kzo Pew IpSn pibpw snbvxp sim v Cuk_v\p adnbw tzi k mcw snømdp mbncp p. (I kp DΩm,Pn Zv 2`m,71) Cu lzokpifn \n v a\ nemhp Xv Cukm \_n(a) bpss tzik mcw At±lw ^ekvxo\n Pohn ncp ImeØv \S XmsW v Hcp {]ImcØnepw hnnmcn mhx. At mƒ AXv At±lw Xs kztziøv \n v C{kmtb tkm{xßƒ Xmakn ncp adp tzißfnte v t]mb B kpzo Lamb bm{xbmbncn mt\ Xcap p. Ckvdmtb tkm{xßƒ A[nhkn ncp C ybpss hs {]tzißfn Cukm \_n k cn ncp p sh kwkxn AlvaZnøØns FXncmfnIƒ t]mepw kωxn p XpSßnbn p v. DZmlcWØn\v At±lØns {]kvxpx tzik mcsø pdn v {]Xn]mZn v sim v ssijv diozv dnfm Xs Jp B `mjyøn Cßs\ ]d ncn p p. "At±lw C ybn te v ]emb\w snbvxpsh Xpw B cmpyøp sh v Xs At±lw acn p sh Xpw bp n pw {]amwøn\pw FXncmbp X.' (X^vkodp a\m Pn Zv 6,`m 42) Npcp Øn Cukm \_n (A) Cßs\ Ipcnip kw`hm\ cw Ckvdm tb {]hmknifmb ]Øp tkm{x mcpss hmktziøv sn v AhcpsS CSbn \q nbncp]xv hb vhsc Pohn ncp psh v sxfnbptºmƒ At±lw hnhmlw snbvxn pt m F kwkxn Ffp w {Kln mhp XmWv. C{X kpzo L amb Hcp ImetØmfw e W mb Ckvdmtb ImcpsS CSbn Pohn ncp n pw At±lw hnhmlw snømxncn Wsa n Xmsg ]dbp aq p ImcWßfn GsX nepw H v AXn\v {]Xn _ ambn At±lØn\p mbncn Ww. 1 hnhmlw A ymxvanixzøn\pw sszhhpambp t{]a_ Øn\pw XS amb H msw v Xm IcpXnbXv sim mbncn Ww At±lw B _ Øn G s SmXncp Xv F v hnnmcn m \nhrønbn. Fs m A ymxvanixzønepw sszhhpambp _ Ønepw At±l 36

sø mƒ D rjvs ÿm\w {]m]n hsc v Jp B\n \n pw lzokn \n pw a\knemhpibpw apkvenwiƒ A{]Imcw hnizkn p Ibpw snøp hcmb \_n Xncpta\n (k), aqkm \_n (A), C{_mlnw \_n(a), apxemb {]hmni m hnhmlw snøpi am{xa, _lp ]Xv\namsc kzoicn pibpw snbvxncp p. B ÿnxn p aqkm \_n(a)s \ymb{]amwsø {] t_m[n p Xn\v h bmsf v kzbw kωxn p ]d Cukm \_n (A) hnhmlsø B ymxvanixzøn\v \nc mø Htc msmbn AXn \n pw Hgn p \n p F v hnnmcn m ]msn Xs. 2 At±lw hnhmlw snømxn cp Xv At±lØn\v `mcybmbn kzoicn m Xs P\Øn \n v Bscbpw e`n mxncp Xv sim m sw v hnnmcn m\pw Xcan. e W mb Ckvdmtb m nsbn Hcp Zo LImetØmfw ax{]t_m[\w snbvxv sim v Pohn ncp B BXva Kpcphn\v Bbnc W mb A\pNc m D mbncp ncn Ww. Ahcn HtcmcpØ\pw kz w aisftbm s]ßsftbm Xs ` n_lp am\ßƒ v ]m{xamb B Kpcphn\p hnhmlw snbvxp simsp p Xv F hpw kt mjichpw A\p{Kl e_v[n v ImcWambn IcpXpsa Xv Xo bmwv. B ÿnxn v At±l Øn\v Btcbpw `mcybmbn e`n mxn cp Xv sim mbncn Ww At±lw hnhmlw snømxncp Xv F v hnnmcn p Xpw \ymba. 3 At±lw tcmknbmbxp sim v ]pcpj i n \jvsambxvsim v Bbncn Ww At±lw hnhmlw snømxncp Xv F pw hnnmcn m Xcan. Fs m At±lw Aßs\ tcmknbmbncp psh Xnte v bmsxmcp sxfnhpan. adn p ^ekvxo \nse At±lØns PohnX NcyI fn \n pw At±lw \ BtcmKy hm\pw ZrVKm{X\pambncp p sh mwv sxfnbp Xv. AXv Xs bpa sszhøns Hcp {]hmni s\ pdn v At±lw ]pcpj i n \jvsamb Hcp tcmknbmsw v hnnmcn p Xv Xs At±lØns t\ p mbncnt ` ymzc ßƒ v \nc p X. Cu Ahÿ At±lØn\v Hcp ImcWØmepw t{ijvtx v ImcWamIp X. Npcp Øn hnhmlw snømxn cn p Xn\p aq p ImcWßfn H pw Xs Cukm \_n n F phcptºmƒ, Xo bmbpw At±lw hnhmlw snbvxncn Ww F p Xs bmwv hnnmcnt Xv. F m ^ekvxo\v ]pdtabp At±lØns PohnXsØ kw_ n hrøm w Ncn{XØn\v A m Xambncn sim v At±lØns hnhmlsø pdn v \Ωƒ v Ncn{Xw aptj\ Adnbm km[n p n Ft bp q. F nepw At±lw hnhmlw snbvx Bfmbncp psh p hnip Jp B\n \n v a\ nemhp p v. A mlp ]dbp p:"\n\ v apºv \mw {]hmni msc \ntbmkn pibpw Ah v `mcyamscbpw k m\ßsfbpw \ IpIbpw snbvxp.' (13: 38) Cu BbØn \n pw \_nxncpta\n (k) v apºv D mbncp {]hmni m v `mcyma fp mbncnbncp psh p hy amip p v lzvdøv Cukm (A) \_n Xncpta\n (k) p t\sc apºp Ign Hcp {]hmni\mbncns, At±lw Cu Ahÿbn \n pw HgnhmIp bmsxmcp \ymbhpw C. Xs bpa apºp mbncp {]hmni m v `mcyma ƒ D mbncp psh ta Sn {]kvxmh\ Xncpta\n v sxm v apºv Ign Cukm\_n v {]txyin v _m[iambncn t XmWv. As n, B {]kvxmh\ icnbmtwm F pw icnbmsw n Cukm\ _n v `mcyma ƒ D mbncp pthm F pw tnmzyap mip Xmbncn pw. At±lØn\p `mcyma ƒ D mbncp ns n Jp Bs {]kvxmh\ AkXysa p hcpitbm AYhm, At±lw a p {]hmni msc t]mse bp Hcmf, {InkvXym\nIƒ hnizkn p Xv {]Imcw Hcp sszhamip p F p kωxnt n hcnibpw snøp XmWv. ( 1943 HIvtSm_ kºmzi ]n._n.aplωzv ]gbßmsn) azy]m\w a\pjys\ \in n pw azy]n p Htcm apxemfnbptsbpw IgpØn Abmƒ v hnt[b\mbns m v azy]m\øn ] mfnbmhp HmtcmcpcpØcptSbp ]m]ap v. A tbm _p nam msc, Cu temiw izmizxamb ÿea. \nßƒ c s p sim phn. \nßƒ Htcm A\ymbßfpw h n pho F m Htcm elcn ]Zm ßfpw Dt] n phn. a\pjys\ \in n p Xv azyw am{xa. {]XypX Idp v, I mhv, Nc v, ` K,v Nmcmbw XpSßnbh \nxy ioeam nøo p Hmtcm elcn ]Zm Yhpw akvxnjv sø tisphcpøpibpw Ahkm\w \in n pibpw snøp XpsIm v \nßƒ v AXn \n pw c s SpI. \nßsf n\mwv CXv D]tbmKn p Xv? \ap v a\knemip n. CXns Zp KXnbm Htcm h jhpw \nßsf t]mse azyw ioe mcmb Bbnc W n\mfpiƒ temiøv\n pw hns ]d v t]mip p. ]ctemiøv In p in CXn v ]pdtabmwv. (IivXosb \qlv) 37

bm{xmhnhcww a\ n \n v ambmø bm{x Ign sk]vxw_dn e \n sh v \S v BtKmf AlvaZnøm ktωf\øn ticføn \n v {]txyi WnXmhmbn ]s SpØ teji Jeo^m Xncpa\ pambp A`napJhpw bm{xm\p`hßfpw hnhcn p p. auehn bqkp^v ]md pdw Cu h jw e \n sh p \S BtKmf AlvaZnøm ktωf\øn ]s Sp m Cu hn\ox\pw auehn Sn. si. ju Øv kmln_n\pw `mkyw e`n pibp mbn. C ybn \n v 21 t]csßp {]Xn\n[n kwløn aebmfnifmbn Rßƒ c p t] am{xw. BXvaob {][m\amb Hcp bm{xbpss [\ym\p`hßƒ Hcp Ipdn nsemxp pi Akm yw. Cu h jsø bm{xmkwløn Fs bpw IqSn Dƒs SpØnbncn p psh v JmZnbm Hm^okn \n p Adnbn v t\csø In nbncp psh nepw hnk e`n m ]ns bpw ISºIƒ [mcmfw! BZy L Øn hnk e`n Xv c v t] v am{xw. k h i \mb d nt\msv AIagn p {]m Yn p. F m {]Xn_ ßfpw \oßn. Aßs\ BKkvXv 24 mw XobXn Rßƒ JmZnbm\nte v bm{xbmbn. 27 mw XobXn ]cnip JmZnbm\nseØn. 38 ]n osv U lnbn \n pw sk]vxw_ 4 mw XobXn e \nte v hnam\w Ibdn. PohnXØnse BZysØ hnam\ bm{x. Hcp sim p {KmaØn P\n p hf F\n v BImi hml\w Xs bpw Hcp IuXpIambncp p. A mlphn\v kvxpxn. U lnbn \n v JØ Fb thbvkn tzml hgn e \nse lo{xp hnam\ømhfønendßn.. A lwzpen mlv. Hcp ImeØv kqcy\kvxan mø {_n ojv km{ampyøns Xeÿm\amb \KcnbnemWt m Rßƒ FØnbncn p sx p AZv`pXw. hnam\ømhfønse kpc m ]cntim[\iƒ Ign p ]pdøndßn. ]cnnnx apjßfs nepw Rßsf kzoicn m [mcmfw t] D mbncp p. hnhn[ ax mcpw PmXn mcpw thj mcpasßnb Hcp sim ptemiw Xs bmbncp p e hnam\ømhfw. kabw sshipt cmw 7 awntbms Sp p p. t\sc ss_øp ^pøq lnte v. shkvt bqtdm nse G hpw henb ] nbmb, temiøn se Adnbs Sp 50 si nsßfn sem mb ss_øp ^pøqlnte v. AhnsSbmbncp p Rßƒ v th Xmak kuicyß sfmcp nbncp Xv. [mcmfw tim ^d kv lmfpifpw HmUnt mdnbw, ssu\nwkv lmƒ F nhbsßnbss_øp lpøqlv, CkvemanI B[p\nI Cw ojv hmkvxp hnzybpss kωn{i \n anxnbmwv. ]nt Znhkw Rßƒ akvpnzv ^k ImWm t]mbn. ChnsSbmWv lpkq Xncpa\ v Xmakn p Xv. ChnsS Xs bmwv PamAØns Hm^okp Iƒ {]h Øn p Xv. AhnsS \n v lpkqdns ]n n \n v \akv cn m\p `mkyw e`n p. ho pw Xmak ÿetø v Xncn p. temiønse hnhn[ ÿeßfn \n v AXnYnIƒ h p simt

bncn p p. 7 mw XobXn sh n bmgv bmwv P k XpSßp Xv. ChnsS \n v 75 Intemao AIsebp lzojøp alvznbn {]txyiw k am nb at\mlcamb ktωf\ ÿew. Iq ] epiƒ [mcmfambn Db p \n p hnimeamb Cu ssaxm\w Gsd BI jwobw Xs. ` WØn\pw hml\ßƒ ]m p snøp Xn\pambn ChnsS {]txyiw k oicwßƒ Hcp nbn cn p p. ap Xn\mbnctØmfw BfpIƒ ]s SpØ ktωf\øn {]txyiw ]m piƒ e`n ncp Xn\m lpkq Xncpa\ ns sxm p Xmsgbmbn ktωf\øns apgph kabhpw kvt Pn Ccn m\pw kz ns\ ho n m\pw kuicyw e`n ncp p. BtKmf ss_aønepw BdmaXpw F maxpw Ccn m\mbp ku`mkyhpw Rßƒ v e`n ncp p. A lwzpen mlv! ktωf\m\ cw Rßƒ v apjmapjøn\p Ahkchpw e`n p. PohnXØnse G hpw [\yamb \nanjw kamkxamhm t]mip p. apemjmøn\v Iyqhn \n ptºmƒ Fs ms tbm Nn n pt]mbn. sk piƒ v bpkßfpss ssz Ly ap Xv t]mse.""a emap Asse pw bm Aaodp apavan\o '. lpkqdns\ A`nhmZyw snbvxpsim v apdnbn {]thin p. lpkq {]Xy`nhmZyw snbvxp lkvxzm\w snbvxp. kt mjøns bpw IrX teji lpkqdnt\mssm w XbpsSbpw A\ L \nanjßfmbncp p AXv. Fs n mø Hcp BXvaob \n hrxna\p`hs p.kabw t]mip Xdn n. B kvt\laq ØnbpsS ap n Rm Hcp lnaiww t]mse Aen nemxmip Xmbn txm n. Rm \n p Xv BcpsS ap nemwv... Ft msv kwkmcn p Xv BcmWv... ]q WN{μs tim`bp Xmbncp p B hz\w! tcmknifmb ktlmzcßƒ v th nbpw timgnt msv Aao Bhiy s X\p kcn pw lpkqdnt\msv {]txyiw ZpB t] n psim v Fs IÆpIfn \n v IÆp\o Ihn s mgpin. ]pdtø p hgnbdn bmsx hnjan p \n Fs lpkq Xs hmxn seøn p. ]n osp Znhkßfn e ] Ww Np n m Wm\p kuicyw Rßƒ mbn Hcp nbncp p. C \mjw PmanA bp. si. F mhn[ kuicyßtfmspw IqSnb Hcpÿm]\amWv. Hcp Sqdnkv v ti{μamb ChnsS PamAØv hnesimspøv hmßnb ÿeømwv Cu ÿm]\w. AXv t]mbnimwpi bp mbn. Jeo^ \memas bpw `mcybpssbpw J_dnSw ÿnxn snøp ÿew kμ in pibpw ZpB snøpibpw snbvxp. CXn\Sp Øp Izm t gvkn sh v Jeo^Øp akolns DdpZp mknep mbncp No\n kmln_ns\ ImWpIbp mbn. Ip n meøv ]pkvxiøn hmbn n p e ] Ww I ap n hnkvabn n p \n p p. A mlphn\v kvtxm{xw. {_n ojv ayqknbw, \mjw Kmedn, e {_nuvpv Aßs\ e \v Np pap Ncn{X {][m\yap ÿeßƒ ImWpIbp mbn. Cw nse a p ] nifmb Zmdp _d møv, _ anßvlmw, A alvzn tamkv v, {_muvt^mkv, ss_øp dlvam, bqtdm nse c masø ] nbmb Zmdp Aam, am kv, a p sndpxpw hepxpamb At\Iw ] nifpw kμ in p. Chsb mw Xs e ] WØns lrzb `mkømwv ÿnxn snøp Xv. CXn Xs lpkq Cu h jw DZvLmS\w snbvx Zmdp Aam At\Iw ssaepiƒ AIse \n p Xs ImWmhp hn[ønemwv. [mcmfw hnt\mz k mc ti{μßfpw {_n ojvcmp sim mchpw \ΩpsS lpkq Xncpa\ ns\ kzoicn v lpkq {]`mjww \n hln e ]m sesa v aμnchpw ImWm `mkyw e`n p. Cw nse hniz{]kn amb bqwnthgvkn nifpw kμ in m\pw PamAØnse ]e D X hy n Isfbpw ImWm\pw AhcpsS BXnYyw kzoicn m\pw Rßƒ v `mkyw e`n pibp mbn. \m nte v bm{x Xncn p Xn v apºmbn lpkqdns\ ho pw ImWm km[n p. CØhW Cu hn\ox X_veoKv {]h Ø\ßfpsS dnt m v lpkqdn\p apºn AhXcn n p Ibpw ZpB v At] n pibpw snbvxp. lpkq bm{xmawkfßƒ t\ p. B A\pKrloXIcßfn \n pw Hcp ]mcntxmjniw hnd p ssiitfmss hn\bm\znx\mbn G phmßn. Fs lrzbw H p IqSn hnßn. Hcn epw ad m\mhmø \nanjßƒ. [\yamb aplq Øw, axnhcmø IqSn mgvn. ]nt Znhkw Rßƒ C ybnte v Xncn p. ImeØns Camant\msSm w sne hgn \nanjßƒ Hm abnte v Cc v Ibdns m v h ncp p. e ] WØns {]tem`\obamb h Æ Imgv tb mƒ BXvamhn Xßn \n p lpkq Xncpa\ ns Xncpk n[n]qinb B \nanjßfpss A\p`qXn a\ n \n pw ambp n. Hccn epaxv ambpibpan. 39

Ipdn piƒ K : tlmtfmimkv n\v tijw apkm^n ]nd \m n \n v ASnt msn s v A`bm YnIfmbn gnbp Hcp P\Xsb Ac\q m pimeambn \nc cw th bmsp `oicx Cu Ime L Øns hnizam\h kwkv mc Ønt ep henb Hcp tnmzynnlv\ ambn Ahtijn pi Xs snøpw. Ckvdtbens ^ekvxo B{IaW Øns G hpw ]pxnb hm Ø Ign 2012 \hw 14 apx Bcw`n v Hcmgv \o p\n K s Xnscbp ISpØ ansskem{iawambncp p. B{IaWØn 162 Hmfw ^ekvxo Im sim s p. CXn 42 Ip nifpw11 k{xoifpw Dƒs ss ^ekvxo Imcmb knhnenb amcmwv acn Xv. 5 CkvdtbenIfpw acn p. 41 In.an \ofhpw 6 apx 12 In.an hsc hoxnbpap Hcp ÿeøv 1.7 Zie w P\ßƒ Xnßn ]m p temi Ønse G hpw P\km{μXbp {]tziamwv K Ft m Ww. BWh i nbmb Ckvdtbepambn bmsxmcphn[ XmcXayhpan mø K `cwiqsamb lamkns\ i nsim v ASn a Ømsa mwv Ckvdtb IcpXp Xv. ap m e tømfw ] mf msc AWn\ncØn Ckvdtb K bnte v lamkpambn Icbp Øn v XømsdSp pibmbncp p. tdm m{iawøn \nch[n si ns ßƒ XI v Xcn Wambn. CuPn]v jy {]knu v aplωzv ap knbpss {ia^eambn Atacn kvt v sk{i dn lnemcn n s t\xrxz ØnemWv shsn\n Ø \nehn h Xv. AXn vtijhpw Ckvdtb ÿncw ssienbnen ^ekvxo\n Iƒs Xnsc Adkv pw A{IaWhpw XpScpIbmWv. Ign HIvtSm_ 5 \v AlvaZv A _mln F t]cmb Hcp at\mtcmknbmb Ccp]XpImc A _pssdpn A`bm Yn Iymºn\v kao]w AXn Øn then cnsi k ym t\cøv AebpIbmbncp p. Cu ^ekvxo sndp mcs\ bmsxmcp {]tim]\hpw IqSmsX Ckvdtb ssk\yw shsnsh p. shsntb B sndp mcs\ Bip]{XnbnseØn m h Bw_pe kv Ckvdtb `S m XSbpIbpw bphmhv AhnsS InS v acn pibpw snbvxp. AXn\v Znhßƒ v apºv \S as mcp kw`høn Ckvdtbens slen tim]v dpiƒ shsnbpxn Øt mƒ ]Xnaq pimc\mb Hcp ^ekvxo Imc\pw sim s ncp p. Cu kw`hßƒ v ^ekvxo\nifpss `mkøv \n pw {]XnIcWap mbn. Ah K bn \n pw tdm v sxmspøp hn p Xncn Sn p. BZyw Ckvdmtben s `mkøv \n p mb {]tim]\ßƒ ad v sh v ^ekvxo\n IfpsS tdm m{iawøns t]cp]d v Ckvdtb Dulm XoXamb txmxn Xncn Sn pibm bncp p. Cu bp Øn\nSbn lamkv ssk\yøns c mw ta[mhn bmbncp AlvaZv P_cn h[n s Spbp mbn. Ckvdtb AhcpsS NncImem`nemjw km yam nøo pibmbncp p. K bnse Ha ap m sxcphn hml\øn k cn pibmbncp P_cntbbpw AwKc I t\bpw BImiØv \n v Ckvdtb ssk\yw tdm m{iaw ØneqsS h[n pibmbncp p.p_cn sb h[n m Ckvdtb Im n hen v ImØp\n pibmbncp p. 2006 Pq 25\v _ mw {_ntkuv F ^ekvxo ssk\ni {Kq v Kmkbn \n pw Ckvdmtb t_m U hsc \ofp Xpc ßfn eqss \pg p h v KnemZv imenxv F Ckvdtben ssk\nis\ X n sim v t]mbn _μn bmbn ]nsn p sh pibpw ]n osv hne t]in hn b pibpw snbvxncp p. CXn\v ]n n {]h Øn Xv AlvaZv P_cnbmbncp p. Ckvdmtb InW p ]cn{ian n pw KnemZns\ hn psimspøn. Ahkm\w 2011 HIvtSm_ 18\v ^ekvxo sk t^m dnk v B v C ^ taj tim snb am\pw, spdpktew t]mkv v ]{XØnse timfankv pamb sk tjmw _mkvins a yÿ{iaøn XShpImsc ]ckv]cw ssiamdn s m p Hcp IcmdneqsSbmWv KnemZns\ Ckvdtben\v ssiamdnbxv. Ckvdmtben\v Cu ssiam Øn v h hne \ ti nh p. 2006 Ckvdtb ]nsn v Pbnenen 1027 ^ekvxo\nisf hn b Wsa Icmdn KnemZv imenxns\ lamkv hn b p. AtXmsS Ckvdtbens IÆnse IcSmbn amdnb AlvaZv P_cn X\ns Xnsc GXv kabøpw Ckvdtbens A{IaWap mipsa `bøm A[nIhpw ]ckyambn {]Xy s Smdn mbncp p. {]XnImcw snømsx Dd w hcmø Ckvdtb Cu bp thfbn BImiØv\n v anssk Ab v P_cnsb h[n pi bmbncp p. Xo{h \ne]mspiƒ v Ip{]kn n t\snb Ckvdmtb {][m\ a{ n s_ an \X\ymlphns Cu HSpßmØ bp s mxns Xnsc Ckvdtben\IØpw ]pdøpambn h {]Xntj[w DbcpIbp mbn ap ]v ]cma in Ckvdmtben ssk\ni 40

KnemZv imenxns tamn\øn\v ]cn{ian blqz\mb K tjmw _mkviv \yq tbm v ssswkn segpxnb tej\øn Ckvdtbens B{IaWsØ AXn \ninxambn hna in pibp mbn. CuPn]vXv ap ssisbspøv Xømdm nb shsn\n Ø Icmdns IcSv tcj ssibn In nb ZnhkamWv P_cn sim s sx v Nq nim nb _mkviv KnemZv imenxnt\msv hfsc am\y ambmwv lamkv `S m s]cpamdn bsx pw KnemZns kpc bn a msc mfpw {i snepønbxv P_cnbmbncp psh pw Xs tej\øn Xpd Sn pibp mbn. KnemZns ]nxmhpw Ckvdtben s Cu sime]mxisø A]e]n p. Ad_v hk Øn\v tijw apkvenw temiøv P\ßfpsS AwKoImcap Xpw P\ßtfmSv DØhmZnXzap `cwiqsßƒ \nehn h n p v. c v ZiItØmfw XpWojybn GIm[n]Xnbmbncp ssk\p B_vZo Aenbpw aq v ZiIß tfmfpw CuPn]vXv `cn lpkv\n ap_md pw \mev ZiIßtfmfw en_nb `cn ncp tiw apaω J±m^n bpw kzbw henbhcmsw v IcpXnb _p n iq\ycpw kzm YaXnIfpw P\ßƒ s mcp`mchpambncp p.cu `cwm[nimcnisf mw \njv m knxcmbn. kz w P\X Xs P\m[n ]Xy]camb coxnbn AhcpsS `cwiqssø Xncs SpØv ]pxnb `cw{iaønte v {]thin p sim n cn p L ØnemWv Cukvdtb apkvenw lrzbøn B Sn Xv. CJvhm\p apkvenaq `cn p CuPn]vXpw Ad_v cmpyßfpw {]tim]nxcmipsa pw bp w hym]n n msa pw Ckvdmtb {][m\a{ n s\x\ym lp IcpXnbn p mhmw. ]t CuPn]vXv ap ssisbspømwv kam[m\ cm D m n bp hncmaw sim ph Xv. am{xa Ad_v temiw H s mbn Cu B{IaWØns\Xnsc \nesim Xpw bqtdm n \n pw Atacn bn \n pw Ckvdtben\v Imcyamb ]n pwbn mxncp Xp ImcWw bp w \n Øm Ckvdmtb \n _ nx amhpibmbncp p. Ckvdtbense `cw t\xm m nsbn Xs Icbp Øn\v tk\sb k am nbxn FXn p mbncp psh v dnt m p v C gn K m B{IaWw Ckvdtben\v ssk\niambn hnpbw \ Insb nepw cmjv{sobambn ]cmpbamsw mwv hnebncpøp Xv. Atacn {]knu v Xncs Sp ns ^ew Adnbm XpSßnbXv apxemwv Ckvdtb hºn txmxn K m AXn Ønbn ssk\ni k oicww \SØm Bcw`n Xv. Atacn Xncs Sp n XßfpsS {]nbtxmg\mbncp an v tdmw\nbpss ]cmpbw Ckvdtbens\ \ncmis Sp Ønbncp p. Atacn ap {]knu pw bp simxnb\pamb tpm v _pjns\ At] n v Ckvdtbens Xo{h \ne]mspitfmsv H_ma CXn\Iw Xs hn tbmpn piƒ ]ckyambn Xs {]ISn n n p v. ] ntajy N Ifn Ckvdtb A[n\nhnjvT `qanifnse hkxn \n amww \n Øn sh Wsa Xv ap p]m[nbmbn kzoicn Wsa v i amb A`n{]mb ap H_ma Ckvdtben\v A\`naX \mwv. H_mabpsS \ne]mspiƒ p Hcp ap dnbn v F \ne mwv Ckvdtbens Cu ssk\ni \o w F A`n{]mbs Sp hcp v. as mcp Imcyw Xo{h \ne]mspifpss t]cn Gtd Zpjvt G phmßnb CJvhm \p apkven aq AYhm apkvenw {_Z lpuv BWv Ct mƒ CuPn]vXv `cn p Xv. Ah Ct mƒ Imcyt_m[ tømss hnthi]q hw s]cpamdp p F Xv ipt`mz amwv. Ckvdtbens Cu B{IaWw CuPn]vXn s\ {]Xnk nbnem psa v IcpXnbh v sx n. 2008 lpkv\n ap_md ns ImeØv K m B{IaWap mbt mƒ Xncn p t\m mø CuPn]vXv Ct mƒ K bn BizmkhpamsbØn am{xa Ct mƒ bp hncmaøn\v t\xr]camb ] v hln Xpw CuPn]vXmWv. A{]Imcw A{Ian s K bn CuPn]vjy {][m\ a{ n lnimw J Zoepw XpWo jy hntzi Imcy a{ n d^o v A p emapw K bnseøpibp mbn. Ckvdtbens D]tcm[w i ambn \ne\n t JØ ssijv AlvaZv _n Jeo^ A Xm\n Ncn{XØnemZyambn bp w XpSßp Xn\v apºv HIvtSm_dn K kμ in pibpw 400 _n y tumfdns \nt ] ] Xn DZvLmS\w snøpibp ap mbn. CsX mw Xs Ad_v hk hpambn _ s ^ekxo Ad_v _ Øns ] møe Ønep ]pxnb Ne\ßfmWv. ]gb kahmiyßsf mw amdnhcp Xns kqn\bmbn CXns\ImWmw. ^ekv Xo sfiy Zm VyØn\v Ad_nI fpss `mkøv \n pw CØhW tbmpn p \o amwp mbxv. K m bp Øns\Xnsc Ad_v eokns `mkøv \n pw i amb sfiyzm Vy {]IS\w ImWm Ign p. CuPn]vXns t\xrxzøn lamkp ambn Ckvdtbep m nb Icm hyhÿ]cntim[n m ^ekvxo\n Iƒ v A\pIqeamb \nch[n Imcyßƒ AXneps v ImWmw. hy nisf e yw sh p B{Ia Wßƒ Ahkm\n n pi, AXn Øn Ifnse Xmakÿeßƒ A{Ian m Xncn pi, K \nhmknifpss kzx{ amb k mc kzmx{ ysø XS s Sp ØmXncp pi apxembhbmwv Icm \n_ \Iƒ. ewln m AXv CuPn]vXns\ Adnbn Wsa pw hyhÿ snbvxn p v. Cu Icm \nehn hcp txmss CuPn]vXn s bpw K bptsbpw AXn Ønbmb d^mlv Xpd v In pibmwv snøpi. Ad_v hk Øn\v tijw K bnte p kμ i\w A[nIamb kmlncyøn K bpss H s Sen\v 41

AdpXnhcpsa v IcpXmtam ^ekvxo \nifpss HutZymKnI `cwm[nim cnbmbn IcpXp ]n.f.h snb am\pw ^ekvxo \mj\ AtXmdn n {]knu pamb alvaqzv A mkns\ Xg v BZyambmWv Xo{hhmZnIsf v Ckvdmtbepw Atacn bpw ap{zipønb lamkp ambn Atacn km n yøn Ckvdtb Hcp Icmdp m p Xv. CXn\nsS 2012 \hw: 30 v sfiycmjv{s k`bn ^ekvxo v Ct mgsø \oco I ]Zhnbn \n pw t\m saw_ H_vk h kvt v (AwKXzan mø \nco I cmjv{sw) F ]Zhn e`n ncn bmwv C ybpƒs S 120 cmjv{sßƒ ^ekvxos\ bp F n ]n pw Xv. ]q W AwKXzw ssihcm\p ^ekvxos kz]v\ßƒ ]qhwn bptam? GXmbmepw ax Ncn{XØn A\ Lamb ÿm\ap ^ekvxo aæn tnmchogmø kam[m\øns Zn\ßƒ F{Xbpw thkw Xncn p FdWmIpfw: AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns FdWmIpfw taje ktωf\w \hw_ 11 mw XnbXn Su lmfn sh v \S p. F m axkpcp amtcbpw _lpam\n Wsa XmWv Ckvemw \evip ]mt sa v ktωf\w DZvLmS\w snbvxv sim v kz A pa AlvaZnø AwKw auem\m kp Øm AlvaZv k^ kmln_v ]d p. `oicxbpss {]XoIambn Ckvemw axsø apkvenw Iƒ Xs AhXcn n p p. am\h cminsb H mbn ImWp Ckvemw bym YØn Xo{hhmZsØ t{]mxv kmln n p ns pw At±lw hcs. ^ekvxo\v \nco I cmjv{s ]Zhn sshinbmwv Ncn{X {][m\ ap Xpw kt mjichpamb Cu hm Ø e`n Xv. cmjv{san mø ^ekvxo A`bm np\x v Hcp ]q W cmjv{sw F XßfpsS NncIme kz]v\ønte v \S Sp pibmwv. 2012 \hw: 30 v sfiycmjv{s k`bn ^ekvxo v Ct mgsø \oco I ]Zhnbn \n pw t\m saw_ H_vk h kvt v (AwKXzan mø \nco I cmjv{sw) F ]ZhnbmWv e`n ncn p Xv. sfiycmjv{s k`bn 193 cmpyßƒ mwv AwKXz ap Xv. 193 AwKcmPyßƒ nsbn C ybpƒs ss 139 cmjv{sßfmwv ^ekvxos\ bpf n ]n pw Xv. Atacn bpw CkvdtbepaS w Im\U, sn v dn _vfn v F o cmpyßfpw A{]ikvXßfmb ]m\a, im kap{z Zzo]pIfmb am jy Zzo]pIƒ ssat{imt\jy, \mhvdp, ]emhv F o sndpins cmpyßfpw FdWmIpfw tajem ktωf\w Iq nt Øp. `uxniamb F m A\pIqe kmlncyap mbn pw apkvenwiƒ A[x]X\mhÿbnem Wp sx pw Jnem^Øv hyhÿn Xnsb AwKoIcn p XneqsS am{xta c {]m]n m km[n pibp p sh pw ktωf\øn A[y X hln tkmw Aao _n. _n. AlvaZv I_o kmln_v A`n{]mb s p. auehn Fw. \mkn AlvaZv, auehn aplωzv \Po_v Jm, auehn kp Øm \ko, kn. iaow, ]n.si. aplωzv ico^v, C.F v. \Po_v, kpss_ Be pg XpSßnb hcpw {]kwkn p. (_n. Fw. aplωzv \Po_v, FdWmIpfw) am{xaamwv ^ekvxos\xncmbn thm v snbvxxv. c mkanxn AwKamb Atacn FXn Øt mƒ djy, ssn\, {^m kv F nh ]n pw pibpw Atacn bpss k X klnmcnbmbncp {_n thms Sp n ]s Sp msx Hgn p \n pibpamwv snbvxxv. as mcp Imcyw Atacn bpss F m Xn qc ßƒ pw Xpeyw Nm Øp bqtdm ]y bqwnb\nse 17 cmjv{sßƒ ^ekvxos\ ]n pw pibp mbn. thms Sp n Atacn bptsbpw Ckvdtbens bpw Zb\obamb H s S AhcpsS \bßtfmsp temi cmjv{sßfpss anxamb {]Xntj[ambn IW m mw.^e kvxo v CXv {]XoImXvaIambn henb hnpbamwv t\snx ncn p Xv. ]Xn m pifmbn ]ovn n s p sim ncn p ^kvxo P\X v AXn thkw ]q W tamn\w e`n s F v \ap v {]Xo n mw. A\pkvacWw timgnt msv: timgnt msv PamAØn se aqkm aplωzv awniv ^m (78 hbkv) HIvtSm_ 1 \v h^mømbn C men mln.. 1995 ss_ AØv snbvxv PamA Øn h Ct±lw an\nt mbn Zzo]nse BZysØ AlvaZn F v IcpX s Sp _n. A_vZp kmln_ns ai\mwv. A_vZp mlv kmln_v kzøns ]Ønsem v `mkw PamA Øn\v \evipibp mbn. F m Ct±lØns ss_aøns\ Ipdn v tcjifn \n v hy a. ]tcx\v A mlp P Øpw akv^ndøpw \evin A\p{Kln s Bao INTERNATIONAL Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International www.alislam.org 42

timgnt msv tajem ktωf\w auem\m kp Øm AlvaZv k^ DZvLmS\w snøp p. timgnt msv taje Aao AlvaZv timb kao]w tajem ktωf\tøms\p_ n v \S ZnhykvarXn tbmkw auem\m kp Øm AlvaZv k^ DZvLmS\w snøp p. AlvaZv timb, Fw. A_-vZp dlvam, s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv, G.Fw.aplΩZv kenw F nh kao]w FdWmIpfw tajem ktωf\w auem\m kp Øm AlvaZv k^ DZvLmS\w snøp p. jmlp laozv, A_q_, _n._n.alvazv I_o, kn. iaow, kpss_, aplωzv Icow, \mkn AlvaZv, C. F v \Po_v, \Po_v Jm F nh kao]w apvenkv Jp±map AlvaZnb ]me msv taje H meøv kwlsn n \_nio Ø\ ktωf\øn {]ikvx ]{X{]h ØI Fw. A_vZp dlvam apjy {]`mjww \SØp p. auehn aplωzv Ckvambo Aao s{]m^. A_vZp Icow, Jp±map AlvaZnøm \mc_v kz kn. iaow, si. Fkv. imkv{xniƒ F nh kao]w ]me msv taje ktωf\w auem\m kp Øm AlvaZv k^ DZvLmS\w snøp p. kulm Z ktωf\øn dh.^mz tpm k C. tpm Pv (kn.fkv.sf. N v, ]me msv) kzman {]`micm\μ kckzxn (P.sk{I dn, ticf k\ymknk`) taje Aao s{]m^. A_vZp Icow F nh {]kwkn p p. 43 JmZnbm\n \S apvenkv A kmdp m hm jni CPvXnambn {KmaoW apvenkpifn tziob XeØn H mw ÿm\w Icÿam nb XncphngmwIp v apvenkv A kmdp mlv AwKßƒ AhnsS \n pw e`n t{sm^nbpw km y]{xhpambn {]mtzini kbow Sn. aplωzv kmln_nt\mssm w.