]pd- msv. BapJw. I. Imt\m\nse AXp-ey-amb ÿm\w. II. {KŸ-I ØrXzw. III. Fgp-Xnb Imew

]pd- msv

83 ]pd- msv BapJw sszh-øns c -Wy-{]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS A -h-ømb Hcp BJym-\-ambn sszh-im-kv{xsø ImWp- hsc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw thz-]p-kvx-i-øn ]pd- msp ]pkvxiw Hgn-sI-bp _m n-]p-kvx- I-ß-fpsS hnh-c-w-ßsf Iq n-bn-w- p-hm Ign-bp AXn-t{i-jvT-am-sbmcp amxri ]pd. 1-5 hmiyß-ƒ \evip- p. P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS Bcm-[\m Pohn-X-Øns Dev]- -ambn ]g-b-\n-b-asø ImWp- h v s]k-lm-bpss ÿm]\ kw_- -amb hnh-c-ß-fpw, bn{km-tb-ens D -h-ß-fpss AXn-t{ijvThpw D -X-hp-amb kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-x-ifpw...-]p-d- msp ]pkvx-i-øns lrz-b-`m-k-øp-xs InS- p- v. ]n o-sp bn{km-tb P\-Øns ]cn-nn- -\-Øn-s bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s bpw ti{µ-ambn sszh-øns txmdsb AYhm Ahs \ymb-{]-am-wsø ImWp- -hsc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw ]pd- msv ]pkvxiw \nbaw \evip- -Xn\p {][m\ ÿm\w \evip-ibpw \nb-a-øns kq va-køv ]Øp- I-ev]-\-I-fpsS cq]-øn Dƒs m- p-ibpw snøp p. B Ae timƒ I. Imt\m\nse AXp-ey-amb ÿm\w ]pd- msp ]pkvxiw ({Ko- n hn p-t]m-cp-i) tbmtk-^ns ac-w-ti-j-ap bn{km-tb-ey-cpss hnhc-w-ßƒ tij-cn-s -Sp-Øn-cn- p- -Xm-Wv. an{k-bo-anse 400 kwh- -c- m-esø ASn-a-ØzØn \n p-ap bn{km-tbens hnsp-x-en-emwv s]k-lm-bn-ep blqz hnizm-km-sn-ÿm-\-ßƒ thcq- n-bn-cn- p- -Xv. F m Zp hm-in- m-c-\mb ^d-thm F{_m-b-cpsS sszhsø a\- n-em- p-i-bpw, temisø kw_- n- n-s-tømfw thz-]p-kvx-i-øns {]Xy Nn{Xo-I-c-W-amb `bm-\- I-amb ]Øp _m[-iƒ Xs cmpy-øp- -h A\p`hn- p-ibpw snbvx-xn-\p-tijw am{x-am-wv bn{km-tb P\w hnsp-hn- -s - -Xv. sn -S IS hnh-c-ww, B -cy-i-c-amb a -t\iw AXv`qX-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, ko\mbn ] -X-Øn h v Iev]- \-Iƒ \evip- -Xv, kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-csø kw_- n- p hni-z-amb \n t±-i-ßƒ F n-h-sim v at\m-l-c-amb Cu ]pkvxiw ]q Øn-bm- -s - n-cn- p- p. II. {KŸ-I ØrXzw ] -{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse a p-]p-kvx-i-ß-sf-t mse tamsibpss c mw ]pkvx-ihpw bym -Øn tamsi Xs bmwv Fgp-Xn-b-sX blqz ]mc-º-cy-sø-bpw {InkvXob ImgvN- m-sn-s\-bp-amwv Rßƒ B{i-bn- ncn- p- Xv. Cu A`n-{]m-b-Øns c -twm-]m-[n- pth n ] -{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS BapJw t\m p-i. III. Fgp-Xnb Imew an{k-bo-an \n p ]pd- m-sns kabw B.C. 1580 \pw B.C. 1230\pw BWv F v thz-]p-kvxi ]fin- X- m IW- m- n-bn-cn- p- p. item-tam sszhm-ebw ]Wn-bp-hm XpS-ßp- -Xn\p 480 h j-ßƒ p apºmbn-cp p ]pd- msv \S- -sx v 1 cmpm. 6:1 ]d-bp p. Beb-Øns ]Wn GI-tZiw B.C. 960 Bbn-cp- - Xp-sIm- v,. IqSp-X bmym-ÿn-i Nn m-k-xn-bp Xob- Xn-bmb B.C. 1440 embn-cn pw ]pd- msv \S- -Xv. ]pcmhkvxp Kth-jWw AXn-\p-ti-j-ap Hcp XobXn (C. 1290 BC) sbbmwv ]n Xm-ßp- -sx v ]e ]fin-x- mcpw ka n- p- p, F m ]pcm-hkvxp KthjW {]Im-c-ap a p I p-]n-sp-ø-ß-fn BZyw Fgp-Xnb XobXn IqSp-X A\p-tbm-Pyambn ImW-s -Sp- p. IrXy-am-sbmcp XobXn \n -bn- p-hm \ap p Xo bmbpw Ign-bp-I-bn-, F m ]cn-k-w-\o-b-amb Imcyß-sf mw h p-t\m- p-tºmƒ ]pd- msv kw`hw kw_- n- p apºsø Xnb-Xn-bmb 1440- Dw ]pd- msv ]pkvxiw kw_- n- p GI-tZiw ]n o-sp Xnb- Xnbpw IqSp-X AwKo-Imc tbmky-am-wv. IV. ] m-ø-ehpw hnj-bhpw Dev]Øn ]pkvx-i-øns Ah-km-\`m-KØv \mw Ah-ti-jn- n- -\n-e-bn Xs, ]pd- msv ]pkvxiw Xpd- p-tºmƒ an{k-bo-an-em-bn-cn- p bn{km-tb a -sfbmwv \mw ImWp Xv. F m B ] m-øew ChnsS ]q Æ-ambpw amdn-bn-cn- p- p. CXv \m\q-dn ]cw h jßƒ p-ti-j-ap Imcy-am-Wv, Hcn- {]ob-cm-bn-cp bn{km-tb P\w Ct mƒ ^d-thms AXn-hn-]p-eamb si ns \n ΩmW ] -Xn-bv p-th n CjvSnI D m- p ASn-a-I-fm-Wv. ]pd- m-sp-]p-kvx-iønse hnj-b-ßƒ hos -Sp- pw,

84 ]pd- msv bn{km-tb P\-X-bpsS ÿm]-\-hp-am-wv. 3400 ]cw h j-ß-fm-bn, temi-sa-ºm-sp-ap blq-z- m, an{k-boan \n pw i n-bmepw c -Ømepw hnsp-x- {]m]n- -Xpw-, s]k-l-bn Hcp bym P\-X-bmbn bn{kmtb a ƒ Bcw`w Ipdn Xpamb B kw`hw BtLmjn- n-cp- p. Ncn-{X-]-c-ambpw sszh-im-kv{x-]-c-ambpw s]klmbv p ]pd-tø p hym]n- p i n-bmepw c - Øm-ep-ap sszh-a- -fpss hnsp-x {InkvXob Xncph-Øm-ghpw {]Io Øn- - p. s]klm BN-c-W-Ønep AtX LS-I-ßƒ Xs -bmwv Xncp-h-Øm-g-Ønse A hpw ho pw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc \sω Hm Ωn- n- p- -Xv. an{k-bo-an \n p ]pd- m-sn-\p-tijw sszhw Xs P\-Øn-\p Iev]-\-Iƒ tamsibv p simsp- p acp`q-an-bn-te v cwkw amdp-i-bm-wv. Cu ]pkvx- I-Øns GI-tZiw ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw `mkøv kam-k-a\ IqSm-c-sØ- p-dn pw AXnse ]utcm-ln-xysø Ipdn- p-amwv (A. 25-40) {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- -Xv. Ch tihew Ncn-{X-]-c-am-bn- p hni-zo-i-c-w-ßƒ A. ]pd- m-sp-]p-kvxiw D -hæw cpnn- -dn-b-w-sa- n \mw AXn- {InkvXp-hns\ At\zjn-t - -Xp- v. tamsi, s]k-lm- p- msv, ]md, IqSmsX kam-k-a\ IqSmcw F nh tbip-{in-kvxp-hns \ng-em-bn- p ({]- Xo-Iw) Nne hkvxp-x-iƒ am{x-am-wv. Xncp-h-N-\-Øn a p ]e-bn-s-ß-fnepw kqnn- n- -s - n- p- -h-bmwv Ahbn ]expw (D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn\v 1sIm-cn. 5:7; 10:4; F{_m. 3-10 A ym-b-ßƒ F nh ImWp-I). FΩ-hp-kn-te- p hgn-bn h v Xs c p injy- m v I Ømhp snbvxp-sim-sp-ø-xp-t]mse F m Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fnepw Xs - p-dn- p Xp \ap pw hymjym-\n- p-x-cs (eqs m. 24:27). D -S w I. bn{km-tb-ens an{k-boay ASn-aØw (A. 1) II. tamsi-bpss P\-\w,. hos -Sp- v, ]cn-io-e\w (A. 2) III. tamsi-bpss hnfn (A. 3,4) A. tamsibv v btlm-h-bpss shfn- msv (A. 3) B. tamsi-bpss ssha-\kyw (4:1 17) C. tamsi-bpss an{k-bo-an-te- p Xncn- p-h-chv (4:18 31) IV. ^d-thm-\p-am-bp tamsi-bpss G p-ap- (5:1 7:13) A. H m-asø G p-ap- (5:1 7:6) B. c m-asø G -ap- (7:7 13) V. BZysØ H ]Xp _m[-iƒ (7:14 10:29) A. H m-asø _m[ ss\ \Zn c -am-bn- Øo p (7:14 25) B. c m-asø _m[ Xhf (8:1 15) C. aq m-asø _m[ t] (8:16 19) D. \mem-asø _m[ \mbo (8:20 32) E. A m-asø _m[ ark-hym[n (9:1 7) F. Bdm-asØ _m[ ]pæv (9:8 12) G. Ggm-asØ _m[ I ag (9:13 35) H. F m-asø _m[ sh p- nfn (10:1 20) I. Hº-Xm-asØ _m[ aq p Znh-ksØ Iqcn-cp v (10:21 29) VI. s]k-lmbpw ISn- q kwlmchpw (11:1 12:30) VII. an{k-bo-an \n p ]pd- msv (12:31 15:21) A. IS-en-\p-t\-sc-bp ]mem-b\w (12:31 13:22) B. sn -S IS- p- Xv (A. 14) C. tamsi-bpss ]m v (15:1 21) VIII. ko\m-bn-te- p bm{x (15:22 18:27) A. iq acp`qan (15:22 18:27) B. ko acp`qan (A. 16) C. c^nzow (A. 17) D. tamsibpw bnt{xmbpw (A. 18) IX. \nbaw \ I (A. 19-24) A. shfn-s -Sp-Ø-en-\p Xøm-sd-Sp v (A. 19) B. ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ (A. 20) C. _lp-hn[ \nb-a-ßƒ (A. 21 24) 1. ASn-a-Isf kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (21:1 11) 2. hy n-]-c-amb ]cp p-kw-_- n- p \nb-aßƒ (21:12 36) 3. tamj-whpw kzøp-\-io-i-c-whpw kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (22:1 6) 4. Ahn-iz-kvXX kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (22:7 15) 5. hy`n-nmc kw_- -amb \nba-ß-ƒ (22:16,17) 6. \nb-a-]-chpw ax-]-c-hp-am-bn- p IS- m-sp-iƒ kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (22:18 23:19) 7. IogS- kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (23:20 33) 8. DS-º-Sn-bpsS ÿnco-i-cww (24:! 8) 9. sszh-øns alxzw shfn-s -Sp-Ø (24:9-18)

X. kam-k-a\ IqSm-chpw ]utcm-ln-xyhpw (A. 25-40) A. kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw ]Wn-bp- Xp kw_- n- p \n t±-i-ß-ƒ (A. 25-27) 1. hkvxp- -fpss tij-cww (25:1 9) 2. \nb-a-øns s] Iw (25:10 16) 3. Ir]m-k\w (25:17 22) 4. ImgvN-b- -Øns tai (25:23 30) 5. X -hn-f- pw, AXn-t\m-S-\p-_- n- p hkvxp- fpw (25:31 40) 6. Xncp-\n-hmkw (A. 26) 7. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw (27:1 8) 8. {]mim-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»oe (27:9 19) 9. \ne hn-f- n-\p FÆ (27:20,21) B. ]utcmlnxyw (A. 28,29) 1. ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cpss hkv{x-ßƒ (A. 28) 2. ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cpss ip o-i-cww (A. 29) C. kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-csø kw_- n- p IqSp-X \n t±-i-ßƒ (A. 30,31). 1. [q]-]otw (30:1 10) 2. hos -Sp- p-hne (30:11 16) 3. Xm{a-sØm n (30:17 21) 4. A`n-tjIssXew (30:22 33) 5. [q]-h w (30:34 38) 6. ka -cmb inev]n-iƒ (31:1 11) 7. i Øp kw_- -amb AS-bmfw (31:12 18) D. hn{k-l-cm-[-\-bpss Hcp Bcw`w (A. 32,33) 1. kz Æw-sIm- p Imf- p- n (32:1 10) ]pd- msv 2. tamsi-bpss tim]hpw a y-ÿ-xbpw (32:11 35) 3. P-\-Øns ] m-øm]w (33:1 6) 4. tamsi-bpss kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw (33:7 11) 5. tamsi-bpss {]m \ (33:12 23) E. Iev]-\-Iƒ ]pxp n \evip p (34:1 35:3) F. kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-c-ønse D]-I-cW kp-po-i-cww (35:4 38:31) 1. P\-ß-fpsS Zm\-ßfpw A\p-Kr-lo-Xcmb Akm- [m-cw Ign-hp-I-fp P\-ßfpw (35:4 36:7) 2. Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ ad-bv p aqsp-»oe (36:8 19) 3. aq p hi-ß-fn-te- p-ap ]e-i-iƒ (36:20 30) 4. ]e-i-isf Iq n-bn-w- p A m-g-ßƒ (36:31 34) 5. AXn-]-cn-ip ÿe-tø p \bn- p Xnc-»oe (36:35,36) 6. hnip- -ÿ-e-tø p \bn- p ad-»oe (36:37,38) 7. \nb-a-s - Iw (37:1 5) 8. Ir]m-k\w (37:6 9) 9. ImgvN-b- -Øns tai (37:10 16) 10. \ne-hn-f pw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_- n- p hkvxp- fpw (37:17 24) 11. [q]-]otw (37:25 28) 12. A`n-tj-I-ssX-ehpw [q]-h hpw (37:29) 13. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p bmk-]otw (38:1 7) 14. Xm{a-sØm n (38:8) 15. {]mim-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»oe (38:9 31) G. ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cpss hkv{x-\n ΩmWw (A. 39) H. kam-k-a\ IqSm-c-Øns \nh -Ø (A. 40) 85

86 ]pd- msv 1,2 hymjym\w I. bn{km-tb-ens an{k-boay ASn-aØw (A. 1) 1:1 8 blqz ]mc-º-cy-{]-imcw Hmtcm ]pkvx-i-øns bpw BZysØ hm p-i-fmwv AXns t]cmbn CSp- -Xv. t]cp-iƒ BhXv F v ]cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p hm p-iƒ Bbn-cn pw (F-{_m-b-`m-j-bn hosesj-tam-øv) Aß-s\-sb- n ]pd- msp ]pkvx-i-øn- \p t]cv (a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn AXv BZysØ hm p- I-fm-bn- Fgp-Xn-bn-cn- p- -Xv). sszhw F{X-am{Xw hy n-]-c-am-sw v t\m p-i. Hcp Iºyq- Im Unep Xpt]mse \º-dp-I-tfm sh p-itfma adn v t]cp- Iƒ tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p., \ CS-b-s\- p-dn p tbip ]d- n- p- Xv Xs BSp-Isf Ah t] snm n hnfn p ]pd-øp-sim- p-t]m-ip p (tbm-l. 10:3) F m-wv. AXv ChnsS Xo Øpw A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. bn- {km-tb a- ƒ CS-b m-cm-bn- mwv an{k-bn-ao-te p h -Xv. ]t Ct mƒ Ah A-Sn-a-I-fm-Wv. F m \ CS-b-\mb sszh-øn\v Ahsc ]pd-øp-sim- pt]m-ip-hm ] -Xn-bp- v. bmt m-_ns Xe-ap-d-I-fmb 70 t]sc- p-dn- p hni-zo-i-c-w-øn\v Dev]. 46:8 27 hmiy-ß-fpss hymjym \w t\m p-i. I\m \m n-te- p bm{x-tbm-sp _ -Øn ko\m-bn-te p ]pd-s -Sp-hm blq-z- m k - -cmb ka-bøv, bp {]m]vx-cm-b 6,03,550 ]pcpj- m-cpƒs -Sp Zi-e- -ß-fmbn Cu Fgp-]-Xp-t] h n- n- p- m-bn-cp p (kw-jy. 1:46). Dev]Øn ]pkvx- I-Øns Ah-km-\-`m-K-Øn\pw ]pd- msp ]pkvx-i- Ønse kw`h-ßƒ pw CS-bn At\I h j-ßƒ IS- p-t]m-b-xmbn 6,7 hmiy-ßƒ kqnn- n- p- p. tbmtk-^ns Xe-ap-d-Isf AwKo-Im-c-a-t\m-`m-h-tØm- Sp-IqSn ImWmØ Hcp ]pxn-b-cm-pmhv `c-w-øn h psh- mwv 8 mw hmiyw A -am- p- -Xv, Xo -bmbpw tbmtk^v CXn-t\m-SIw acn- n-cp- p. 1:9 10 bn{km-tb P\w i n-bnepw FÆ-Ønepw s]cp-in-b-xp-sim v bp -k-a-bøv Ah Hcp `oj-wnbmbn Xocp-sa v `b ^d-thm, Ahsc ASn-a-I-fm- p-hm-\pw, Ah-cpsS B Ip- p-ß-sf-sb- mw \in- n v Ah-km\w blqz hwisø Xs C m-bva-snøp-hm\pw Xocp-am-\n- p. Xncp-h-N-\-Øn ZpjvS-cmb aq p `c-w-i Øm- -fmwv \njv -f- -cmb Ip p-ßsf h[n- p-hm Iev]n- n- p- -Xv. ^dthm, AYeym (2-cm-Pm. 11) sltcm-zmhv (a-øm. 2). kmøm-\m t{]cn-x-amb Cu ss]im-nn-i IyXy-ßƒ anin-ssli hwim-henbp ss \mi-amwv e y-an- -Xv,. Dev]. 3:15se sszhni hmkvzøw kmøm Hcn- epw ad- n- n- m-bn-cp- p. 1:11 14 ]otymw-, dbw-tkkv F o kw`mc \K-c-ßƒ ]Wn-bp- -Xn-\mbn ^d-thm ASn-a-I-fmb blq-z- msc D]-tbm-Kn- p. F m Xs ASn- -a Ø sim v blqz PmXn v D q-e-\miw kw`-hn- p- -Xn\p ]Icw Ah hf-sc-b-[n-i-ambn FÆ-Øn s]cpin h n- p- I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv. ^d-thm Xn -bv mbn ITn-\-the Dt±-in- p, F m sszhw AXp \ -bv mbn IW- n- p, ImcWw an{k-bo-an \n pw hmkvzø \m n-te- p Ah-cpsS t i-]q Æamb bm{x-bv p-th n Hcp-ßphm AXv B blq-z- msc klm-bn- p. 1:15 19 blq-z-cmb AΩ-am Xß-fp-sS Ip p-ßsf {]k-h-i-ø-bn InS-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xp-I- {][m\ F{_mb kqxn-i Ωn-Wn-I-fmb in{]mbpw ]qhmbpw ^dthm Iev]n- -Xp-t]mse Ah-cn B Ip- p-ßsf sim n-. kqxn-i Ωn-Wn-Iƒ AΩ-am-cpsS ASp- FØp- -Xn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs F{_m-b-Ip- p-ßƒ hfsc thk-øn P\n- p- -Xp-sIm v Xßƒ nxp Ign-bp- n-s p Ah AXn-s\- p-dn p \ymbo-i-cn p kwkmcn- p. Cu Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn\v AXn-t\m-Sp _ -Øn Nne kxy-ß-fp- m-bn-cp pxm\pw. 1:20 22 kv{in]vn bqwn-bs ssz\w-zn-\- p-dn v Xmsg- -d-bpw-{]-im-c-amwv kqxn-i Ωn-Wn-I-sf- p-dn v A`n-{]m-b-s - n-cn- p- -Xv. IpSpw-_-h -\-hns Imcy-Øn kqxn-i Ωn-Wn- Iƒ v \evi-s {]Xn-^ew (hm. 21) Ah-cpsS Im]- Sy-Øn-\ adn v a\p-jy-xz-øn-\mwv A\p-h-Zn- -s - - Xv. ]cn-k-am]vxn apjm- -csø \ymbo-i-cn v F p ]dbp- -Xn-\- -bn-xv, adn v [m Ωn-I-X-bpsS tih-e-amb \nehmcw t]mepw Ahn-sS-bn- m-bn-cp p F p kqnn- n- p- I-bm-Wv. F m ]m]-øns ^e-ßƒ \ap-s - t]mse kw`hn- n- p ]m]-]- n-e-amb Hcp temi-øn sndnb Imcy-ß-fpsS A\p-k-c-W-Øn-\m-bp aps- n -am-{x-amwv [m Ωn-I-amb henb Imcy-ß-fpsS A\p-kcWw km[y-am-ip- -Xv. a p- -h-bn F -t]mse ChnsSbpw btlm-hm-` n m\-øns Bcw`-am-Ip p F{_mb kqxn-i Ωn-Wn-I-fm ]cm-pn-x-\mb ^dthm- Iev]\ \S- m- p-hm Xs kz w Bfp-I-tfmSv Iev]n- p. II. tamsi-bpss P\\w, hos -Sp- v, ]cnio-e\w (A. 2) 2:1 2 1 mw hmiy-øn ]d-b-s - n-cn- p tehn-ip- Spw-_-Ønse ]pcp-j A{amhpw tehn-i-\yi tbmsjt_zpw (6:20) Bbn-cp- p. Aßs\ ]utcm-lnxy tkm{xamb tehn-tkm-{x-øn-ep- -h-cm-bn-cp p tamsi-bpss amxm-]n-xm- ƒ. hnizm-k-øm tamsi-bpss amxm-]n- Xm- ƒ Ahs\ aq pamkw Hfn- n- p-h p (F-{_m. 11:23). hnizmkw shfn-s -Sp-Ø-s Nne sszhni hm p- Ifnt ASnÿm\-s - n-cn- p- -Xp-sIm v sszh-iev]n-x-{]-im-c-ap Hcp inip-hm-bn-cp p Ah-s\- p Nne shfn- m-sp-iƒ Ah p e`n- n-cp- p-sh- mwv CXns -b w.

]pd- msv 2,3 87 2:3 8 t\ml-bpss s] Iw t]mse, tbmsj-t_zns s] -Ihpw {InkvXp-hns\ Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- p. ancymw Bbncp p tamsi-bpss ktlm-zcn (kw-jy. 26:59) Cu A ymb-øn ImW-s -Sp- -sx mw bmzr- n-i-kw`-h-ß-fm- Wv, DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v B s] Iw Hgp-In-s m- n-cp- ÿ-e-øp-xs ^d-thms ]p{xn Ipfn- p-hm CS-bmb-sX- p sim- mwv? Ahƒ v a\- -en-hp-txm- -Ø- -hn[w inip At mƒ Ic-bp-hm-\n-S-bm-b-sX- p-sim- v? Ahs t]m -Ω-bmbn tamsi-bp-ss AΩ-sb-Xs ^d-thms ]p{xn kzoi-cn- -sx- p-sim v? 2:9,10 9 mw hmiy-ønse hm p-iƒ ]hn-{x-amb Hcp ]cn-]m-e-\-ambpw ]cm-p-b-s -SmØ Hcp hmkvz-ø-ambpw {InkvXob amxm-]n-xm- ƒ IW- n-se-sp- -Ww. ^dthms ]p{xn \evinb an{k-boay \maw tamsi F - Xn\v inip Ft m ]p{x Ft m BImw A w. F{_m-b-`m-j-bn CtX t]cns A w hen-s - Sp-ØXv F m-wv. AXm-bXv sh -Øn \n pw hens -Sp-Ø-h (1). am n tsmjv Xs km[m-c-w-amb Dƒ mgvn {]Imcw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- -Xv. kmøm-\y-i- nsb Xmdp-am-dm- p-hm X -hæw sszh-øns Bbp-[-am-bn-cn-t - p tamsisb hf Øp- -Xn\pw t]m n- p-e Øp- -Xn\pw sszho-timt±iyw hn^-e-am- p-hm kmøm D]-tbm-Kn- p-sim- ncp ^d-thms\ sszhw D]-tbm-Kn- p. Aßs\ ^dthm-\n-eqss ZpjvS Xs kz Bbp-[-Øn Xs ]cm-pn-x-\m- -s p (2). 2:11,12 tamsi kzp-\sø kµ in- -t mƒ Ah\p \mev]xp hb- m-bn-cp- p-sh v {]hr. 7:23- \n pw \ap v a\- n-em- mw. an{k-bo-ay-s\-sim- Xv hnth-iiq-\y-amb Hcp {]hr-ønbmbn-cp- p. Bthiw Ahs KpW-tZmj hnth-n-\sø C m-bva-sn-bvx-xp-sim- mwv A{]-Imcw kw`hn- -Xv. an{k-bo-ay-cpss Iøn \n pw Xs P\sØ hnsp-hn- p-hm sszhw Hcp Znhkw tamsisb D]-tbm-Kn- pw. F m AXn-\p kabw AXp-h-scbpw Bbn- n- m-bn-cp- p. H m-a-xmbn Ah acp-`q-an-bpss shfn-{º-tz-iøv sszh-øns ]mt-im-ebn A`y-kn- p-sim v \mev]-xp-h jw Nnehgn-t - -Xp- v. 400 kwh- cw Xs P\w an{kbow tziøv ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cn- p-sa v sszhw ap Iq n Adn-bn- n- p- m-bn-cp p (D-ev]. 15:!3) AXp-sIm v tamsi-bpss {]hr-øn-iƒ 40 h jw IqSn XnI-bp- -Xn\p apºp- - Xm-bn-cp- p. acp-`q-an-bpss GIm- -X-bn-ep ]cn-io-e- \w Ah\p IqSp-X-embn Bh-iy-am-bn-cp- p, AXp-t]mse CjvSn-I q-f-bn-ep IqSp-X ]cn-io-e\w P\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp- p. sszh-øns A\- -amb m\- {]-Im-c-amWv I Ømhv F m Imcy-ßfpw Iev]n- p- - Xv. Ah XnSp- -Øn H pw snøp-i-bn-, F m Bh-iy-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn Hcp \nan-jw t]mepw Xs P\w IjvS-a-\p`-hn- m Ah A\p-h-Zn- p-i-bp-an-. 2:13 15a c mw {]mhiyw Ah Xs P\-Øns ASp- -te- p-sn- -t mƒ c p F{_m-b-]p-cp-j- m XΩn-ep ivwvt C m-xm- p-hm {ian- p, F m tamsi-sb- mƒ D -X-\m-b-hs\ F{_m-b ]n osp \nc-kn- p-h-m-\n-cn- p- -Xn-\m Ah tamsi-bpss t\xr-xz-søbpw Xnc-kv -cn- p. an{k-bo-ays\ Xm sim -hn-hcw Ah Adn- p-sh p a\- n-em- nb tamsi ]cn-{`m- -\mbn Xo p. Cu sime-]m-x-i-sø- p-dn p Adn ^d-thm tamisb sim p-hm At\z-jn- -Xp-sIm v Ah anzym-\n-te v HmSn-t m-bn. AXv Atd_ytbm ko\mbn tzitam BWv. 2:15b -22 anzym\nse Hcp InW- n- h v Zp»o-e-ap CS-b- m-cp-am-bp X -Øn anzym\ ]ptcm-ln-xs Ggp-]p-{Xn-amsc klm-bn- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS BSp-Isf sh w IpSn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. Cu anzym-\y-]p-tcmln-x\v c p t]cp-iƒ \evi-s - n- p- v. bnt{xm (3:1), dkq-th (hm. 18) kwjy. 10:29). F{_m-b-c-psS AI _ p- -fm-bn-cp p anzym-\y (D-ev]. 25:2) bnt{xm-bpss ]p{xn-bmb knt md ]n osp tami-bpss `mcy-bm-bn- Øo p. Ah v sk timw (A w A]-cn-Nn-X ) F p t]cmb Hcp ]p{x P\n- p. 2:23 25 Xs P\-Øns IjvSm-hÿ Hm m-ø-h- \- m-bn-cp p sszhw. ]pxn-sbmcp cmpmhp knwlm-k-\- ÿ-\m-b-t mƒ sszhw Ah-cpsS \ne-hnfn ti p. Ahtcm-Sp \nbaw Hm Øp, bn{km-tb a sf ISm- n- p, Ah-cpsS Ahÿ Adn- p. temi-øns krjvsn apx-ep i n-bpss {]Xm-]-am {]Z i-\-øm Xs P\sØ B tzi-øp-\n pw ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p-sim- p-h-cp-hm Xs Zmks\ an{k-bn-ao-te p as- n-s m- p-h-cni F p- -Xm-bn-cp p sszh-øns {]Xn-I-c- Ww. III. tamsi-bpss hnfn (A. 3,4) A. tamibv p btlm-h-bpss shfn- msv (A. 3) 3:1 4 bnt{xm-bpss BSp-Isf tabn- p- -Xn-eqsS sszh-p-\sø \bn- p- Xp kw_- n- p hne-s ]mt-ß-ƒ tamsi ]Tn- p. Ah tlmtc-_n (ko-\mbn ] -Xw) sn -t mƒ IØp apƒ -S n sszhw Ah\p {]Xy- -\m-bn. B apƒ -S p Xo ]nsn p IØp- p- m-bn-cp-s - nepw AXp sh p-t]m-im-sx-bn-cp- p. B apƒ -S v sszh txp- n-s\-bmwv ImWn- p- -Xv. AXn-\m AXn\p apºmsi sncn- n-smsx \n p-hm- \mwv tami-tbmsp Bh-iy-s - -Xv. Xs P\-Øns AkvXnXzw \jvs-s -SmsX Ah-cpsS \Sp-hn btlmh hkn- p- -Xn-s\bpw AXp kqnn- n- p- p. IqSmsX Nne AXn IjvS- m-sns Xobn ]co- n- -s - n pw \in- p-t]m-im-sx-bn-cp bn{km-tb-ens `mk-t[bw t]mepw I n- p- v. \msa- m-hcpw IØp apƒ -S pt]m-se-bm-i-ww. AXm-bXv sszh-øn-\p-th- n Fcn-bp- p-sh- nepw \in- -s -Sp- n (3). 3:5 Xs P\sØ an{k-bo-an \n pw hnsp-hn v kar- n-bpss tzi-tø v AXm-bXv 8 mw hmiy-ønse ] n-

88 ]pd- msv 3 tamsi-bpss ]mem-b-\hpw an{k-bo-an-te- p as-ßn-h-chpw I-bn s]sp-øn-bn-cn- p Bdp PmXn-Iƒ A[n-h-kn- p I\m-\n-te p sim p-h-cp-sa v sszhw tamsitbmsp hmkvzøw snbvxp. thz-]p-kvx-i-øn- BZyambn hnip w F ]Zw h n-cn- p- Xv Chn-sS-bm- Wv. Xs sncn- p-iƒ Agn- p-am- p- -Xn-eqsS B ÿew hnip- -am-sw v tamsi {Kln- p. 3:6 ]q -]n-xm- - m-cmb A{_-lmw, bnk-lm- v, bmt m_v F n-h-cpss sszh-amwv Xms\ v sszhw ]ns bpw tamsibv v Dd- p-sim-sp- p-i-bm-wv. Cu shfn-s -Sp-Ø-ens {]m[m\yw timƒ hn-h-cn- p- p. tamsi ]pxn-sbmcp sszhsø AYhm Adn-b-s - SmØ H ns\ A Xs P\-Øn\p ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv, adn v Ah Adn- n-cn- p Hcp-h-s\- p-dn- p ]q Æ-amb Hcp shfn-s -Sp-Ø-em-Wn-Xv. Ac-tbm-]-K- p- n AtY-\- m-tcm-sp ]usem-kns hm p-iƒ t]mepw CXn-t\mSp kam-\-a ({]-hr. 17:23). {InkvXphns hchv AXns ]c-a-imjvtbn-se-øp- -Xn-t\mSv ASpØ \q m- p-i-fn sszhw XpS bmbn Xs - Øs shfn-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xp-am-{X-amWv bym -Øn CXp-ambn s]mcp-ø-s -Sp- -Xv. tamssii shfn- msv AXns ImeØv tkm{x-]n-xm- - m-tcm-sp hmkvz-ø- Øns \nh Øo-I-c-W-am-bn-cns anin-lm-bpss hchv ]n osp sxfn-bn- p-hm-\n-cn- p- -XpsIm v bn{k-tbens\ kw_- n- n-s-tømfw AXp ]pxn-bxpw Jfin- X-hp-am-bn-cp p (4). 3:7 12 ^d-thms ASp-tØ v Xs Ab-bv p-hm- \p sszhni ] -Xnsb Xt -Xmb Ign-hp-tI-Sp-Iƒ FSp-Øp- -cn- p-sim v tamsi FXn Øp. F m sszhw Xs km n- y-øns Dd v tamsibv p simsp- p-ibpw hntam-nn-x-cmb P\-tØm-sSm w Cu ] -X- Øn (ko-\mbn ] -Xw) sszhsø Bcm-[n- p-sa p hmkvzøw snøp-ibpw snbvxp. sp. Hmkv hmƒuv km tugvkv A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- -Xv. Xs Atbm-Ky-X- I-fpsS hnh-c- - n-i-bn {]m]vxn- p-dhv (3:11), ktµiw Adn-bn- p-hm-\p Ign-hn- mbva (3:13), A[n-Im-c-an- mbva (4:1) hm n-xz-an- mbva (4:10) {]txy-i-am-bp A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øns Ipdhv (4:13) apºv hnp-bn- mø Ahÿ (5:23) apºv AwKo-I-cn- -s -SmØ Ahÿ (6:12) F n-h-sb mw Xm Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. Atbm- Ky-X-I-fpsS IqSp-X ]q Æ-amb Hcp enãv cq]-s -Sp- Øp-hm _p n-ap- m-bn-cn- pw. Xm {]I-Sn- n Xmgva bpw ssha-\-kyhpw sszhsø kt m-jn- n- p- -Xn\p ]Icw Ah-\n tim]w Df-hm- p-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. btlm-h-bpss tim]w tamsi-bpss t\sc Pzen p (4:14) bym -Øn tamsi Xs Ign-hn- mbva shfn-s -Sp-

]pd- msv 3,4 89 Øp- -Xn-\p-th n ]d Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ Xs -bm-bncp p B ZuXy-Øn-\p-th n sszhw Ah-s\-Øs Xnc-s -Sp- p-hm-\p Imc-W-ßƒ (5). 3:13,14 sszh-øns h m-hmbn bn-{km-tb a fpss ASp- -te v as-ßn-s - p-tºmƒ Ah-cn \n pw tamsi tnmzy-ßƒ {]Xo- n- n-cp- -Xn-\m, Xs Ab Xv Bcm-sW v Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-hm X -hæw Xm {]m]vx-\m-ti- -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. Cu Ah-k-c-Ønem-bn-cp btlm-h-bmb sszhw Rm\m-Ip- -h Rm\m- Ip p F v BZy-ambn tamsibv v shfn-s -SpØn-b- Xv. btlmh F ]Zw (Np-cp- -Øn bmlvsh) B-bncn- pi(hayah) F F{_mb {Inbm-]-Z-Øn \n- pamwv h -Xv. ]hn-{x-amb Cu \maw Adn-b-s -Sp- Xv ss{sm-s{k-am- (\m-e- -c-ßƒ) F m-wv. sszh-øns CX-c-t]-cp-I-fmb Gtem-low, AtUm-Wmbn F n-hbn D]-tbm-Kn- -s - n-cn- p kzcm- c AS-bm-f-ßfp F{_m-b-`m-j-bnse YHWH - \n -ap-amwv btlmh (Jehovah) F Cw ojv ]Zw h -Xv. YAWH F -Xns icn-bmb D m-c-w-sø- p-dn v B pw- Xs icn-bmb Adn-hn-, ImcWw ]pcm-x\ F{_mb A c hn\ym-k-co-xn, AXns A -c-am-e-bn bym kzcm- -c-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- n-. F n-cp- mepw bmlvsh (yahweh) F D m-c-w-co-xn-bmwv IqSp-X A`n-Im-ay-b-ambn p- -Xv. blq-z- m YHWH F v D -cn- p- -Xp-t]mepw hfsc ]cn-]m-h-\-ambn IW- m- n-bn-cp- p. sszhw kzbw-`q-hpw, kzbw ]cym-]v-x- \pw, \nxy\pw (6) k m[nim-c-ap- -h\p-am-sw- mwv Cu t]cv DZvtLm-jn p- -Xv. Rm\m-Ip- -h Rm\m- Ip p F p apgp-h t]cv A -am- p- -Xv, Rm\m- Ip- -Xn-\m Rm\m-Ip p Ft m Rm\m-bn-cn- p- h Rm\m-bn-cn- p-sat m Bbn-cn- mw. 3:15 22 sszhw hmkvx-h-ambn Xt msp IqsS-bps pw Xs P\sØ k-lm-bn- m sszhw Xøm-dmsW- p-ap Cu shfn- m-sn-\m i o-i-cn- -s tamsi bn{km-tb a -tfmsv Xßƒ DS Xs kzx- { -cm- -s -Sp-sa p hnfw-_cw snøp-hm \ntbm-kn- s p. IqSmsX aq p Znh-ksØ hgn-zqcw t]mbn btlmh-bv p-bmkw A n- p-hm bn{km-tb-ens\ A\p-h- Zn- -W-sa v A-t]- n- p-sim v ^d-thms\ ]co- n- p-hm\pw Ahs\ Ab- p. CXv NXn- p-hm-\p Hcp {ia-am-bn-cp- n-, adn v ^d-thms Xmev]-cysØ ]co- n- -dn-bp- -Xn-\p Hcp km[mw am w am{x-am-bncp p. an{k-bo-aysc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw ]pwy-am-bncp ark-ßsf sim p- -Xn\p km yw hln- p- -Xn \n pw AXv Ahsc Hgn-hm- p-ibpw snøp-am-bn-cp- p. sszhni i n-bm \n _- n-x-\m- -s -Sp- -Xp-hsc ^d-thm Iog-S-ßp-I-bn-s v sszh-øn-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp- p. sszhw an{k-bo-an-e-b _m[-i-fmwv 20- mwhmiyønse A p-x-ßƒ. sszhw Ah-bm-ep Xs {]hr-øn-i-sf mw ]q Øo-I-cn- p ka-b-øv, blqz kv{xoiƒ tnmzn- p- -sx pw \eviphm X hæw an{k-bo-ay kt m-j-ap- -h-cm-bn-øo-cpw. Aßs\ kzcq-]n kzøv an{k-bo-an ITn-\-the snøn- p- -h-cpss blq-z- m-cmb ASn-a-th-e- m p \jvs-]-cn-lmcw am{xta BIp-am-bn-cp- p- p. bn{km-tbey B`-c-W-ßfpw hkv{x-ßfpw IS-am-bn- hmßnb-xv. (KJV ]d- n-c- p- -Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv) adn v Ah p-th n tnmzn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p (NKJV) AXn bmsxmcp hn[ h -\bpw D m-bn-cp- n- AXm-bXv Xß-fpsS Iqen-am{Xw \evin-b-tx-bp- p. B. tamsi-bpss ssha-\kyw (4:1 17) 4:1 9 sszh-øns h m-sh \ne-bn P\-ßƒ Xs AwKo-I-cn- p-tam-sb v tamsibv v]ns bpw kwi-b-am-bn-cp- p. 2:11 15se taml-`wkw Xs lrzbsø Im p Xn p- p- m-bn-cn- mw. AXp-sIm v Xs sszhni ZuXysØ ÿnco-i-cn- p- -Xn-\p aq p AS-bm-f-ßƒ AYhm A p-x-ßƒ sszhw Ah\p simsp-øp. (1) \ne-øn-sp Xs hsn k -abn-øo p. AXns\ hmen ]nsn v FSp-Ø-t mƒ k w ho pw hsn-bmbn Xo p. (2) am n-s-øn C Xs ssi IpjvT-ap- -Xmbn Xo p. ho pw AXp am n-s-øn C -t mƒ IpjvT-hn-ap- -am- -s - p. (3) ss\ \-Zn-bnse sh w \ne-tø-s m-gn- -t mƒ AXp c -am-bn-øo p. tamsi sszh-øm Abbv -s - -h-\m-sw v bn{km-tb a sf t_m[y-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\v cq]-h-ev cn- -Xm-bn-cp p Cu AS-bm-f-ßƒ. Ah kmøm-\p-taep sszh-øns i n (A-XmWv k w), ]m]w (Ip-jvT-tcm-Kw-sIm p Nn{Xo-I-cn- p), F n-h-sb- p-dn- pw, Ch c n \n pw bn{km-tb c -Øm hnsphn- -s -Sp-sa- p bmym y-tø-bp-amwv kqnn n- p- -Xv. 4:10 17 tamsi hmivkm-a y-an- m-ø-h-\m-bn-cp- - Xp-sIm v sszhw ]d- -X-\p-k-cn- p-hm ssha-\-kyap- -h-\mbn At mgpw kzbw H-gn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ ]d- psim- n-cp- p. a\p-jys hmsb krjvsn- Xv sszh-am- Wv. AXp-sIm v Ahs\ hmivnm-xp-cy-ap- -h-\m n- Øo p-hm\pw X\n p Ign-bp-sa v Hm Ωn- -tijw tamsi-bpss ktlm-z-c-\mb Al-tcms\ X\n- p-th n kwkm-cn- p-hm sszhw B n-h- p. sszh-øns B -Iƒ Xs {]m]vx-\m- p-hm axn-bm-b-xm-sw- p efn-x-amb B{i-b-Xz-Øn tamsi sszhsø B{i-bn-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. GsX- nepw Hcp Imcyw AXp snøp hm-\p i n XcmsX snøp-hm H-cn- epw sszhw \tωmsp B-h-iy-s -Sp-I-bn-. tasi sszh-øns G hpw D-Ø-a-am-b-Xn kwxr]vx-\- m- Xn-cp- -Xp-sIm v sszh-øns c m-asø \ Xv FSpt - n-h p AXm-bXv Al-tcms\ Xs h m-hmbn Xnc-s -Sp-Ø-Xv. Al-tcm X\n-s mcp klm-b-am-bncn- p-sa- mwv tamsi hnnm-cn- -Xv. ]t kz Æ-Im-f- p- nsb Bcm-[n- p-hm P\sØ \bn- p- -Xn-eqsS Xms\mcp XS- -am-bn-cn- p- -Xmbn ]n -tø-xn sxfn- p. (A. 32).

90 ]pd- msv 4,5,6 C. an{k-bo-an-te- p tamsi-bpss as-ßn-h-chv (4:18 31) 4:18 23 anzym-\n-te p HmSn-t m-b-xn\p \mev]xp h j-ßƒ ptijw sszh-i-ev]-\-{]-imcw bnt{xm-bpss A\p-{K-l-tØmsS tamsi an{k-bo-an-te p as-ßn-h- p. knt md Ahs `mcybpw, sk timw, Feym-k F nh ]p{x mcpw Bbn-cp p (18:2 4). 2 mw hmiy-ønse Xs Du p-hsn 20 mwhmiy-øn sszh-øns h-snbmbn-øo-cp- p. Akm-[m-cW Imcy-ßƒ sn-øp- -Xn- \p-th n sszhw km[m-cw hkvxp- -fmwv D]-tbm- Kn- p- -Xv. AXp-sIm v i n sszh-øn \n- p-amwv hcp- -sx v \ap v hy -ambn a\- n-em- p-hm Ignbp- p. ^d-thm\p apºmsi ImWn- p-hm sszhw tamsi-tbmsp Iev]n A p-x-ßƒ XpS p- mb _m[-i-fm-bn-cp- p. sszhw ^d-thms lrz-bsø ITn- \-am- n, ]t tkz m-[n-]-xn-bmb B `c-wm-[n-imcn Xs lrz-bsø kzbw ITn-\-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw am{x-am-bn-cp p AXv. ISn- q F hm v Nnebhk-c-ß-fn imco-cn-i-p-\\ {Ia-a-\p-k-cn- p BZy-Pm- X-s\-bmWv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. F m P m-h-imiw kw_- n- p A\- -cm-h-im-in-bmb BZy-Pm-X km[m-cw \ne-bn hln- p kap- -X-]-Z-hn-bmWv ChnsS A -am- p- -Xv. A\p-k-cn- n-s - n sszhw Xs ]p{xs\ sim p-sa- p ap -dn-bn v ^d-thm\p e`n- n-cp- p. 4:24 26 F m B ktµiw \evip- -Xn\p apsº tamsi kzbw A\p-k-cWw ]Tn-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. ImcWw Xs ]p{xs\ ]cn-t -Z\ Ign- n- p Imcy- Øn (sk timw As - n Feym-k ) tamsi ]cm- P-b-s - n-cp- p, Hcp-]t AXp knt m-d-bpss FXn psim- m-bn-cp- n-cn- mw. tamsisb sim p-sa v btlm h `oj-wn-s -Sp-Øn-b-t mƒ knt md tim]-tømss Xs ais\ ]cn-t -Z\ Ign v Xs ` Øm-hns hnsp- X- Xo -bm- n. Ahƒ Ahs\ c -a-w-hm-f F p hnfn- p. knt m-d-bpss sszh-øn-ep hnizm-k- Øns A]-cym-]vXX hy -am- nb Cu kw`h-am-bncn- pw, knt m-d-tbbpw Xs c p ]p{x- m-scbpw AhcpsS A s `h-\-øn-te v tamsi Ab-bv p-hm Imc-W-ambn Xo Xv (18:2,3). 4:27 31 tamsi an{k-bo-an-te p as-ßn-s Ahk-c-Øn Al-tcm Ahs\ ImWp-hm h p. Ah Ccp-hcpw Hcp-an v bn{km-tb a -fpss apºmsi \n p. ssz-hni ktµiw Ahsc Adn-bn- p. sszhw \-evinb aq p AS-bm-f-ß-fm AXp ÿnco-i-cn- p. At mƒ P\w hniz-kn v btlm-hsb\a-kv -cn- p. IV. ^d-thm-\p-am-bp tamsi-bpss G pap- (5:1 7:13) A. H m-asø G p-ap- (5:1 7:6) 5:1 ^d-thms apºmsi t]mip-tºmƒ aq - m-sc- qsn IqsS sim p-t]m-i-w-sa v 3:18 sszhw tamsitbmsp ]d- n- p- m-bn-cp- p. AtX Ah-k-c-Øn Xs tamsi-bpss h m-hmbn sszhw Altcms\ \nb-an- p-ibpw snbvxn- p- m-bn-cp p (4:14 16). AXpsIm v aq - m-cpss ÿm\øv Al-tcm-\mWv tamsitbm-ssm w t]mb-xv. btlm-h-bpss ktµiw Ak- n- KvZ-am-bn-cp- p. Fs P\sØ hn -b-bv Ww. 5:2 14 tamsibpw Al-tcm\pw Xß-fpsS BZysØ \nth-z\w ^d-thm\p ka n- -t mƒ Ah P-\-Øns the sa\-s -Sp-Øp- p-sh v ]d v Ahsc imkn- p. IqSmsX Ah v CjvSnI D m- p-hm-\p ssht m simsp- msx AXv kzbw tij-cn- -W-sa pw apº-sø-t mse Xß-fp-sS \nxy-the XnI-bvt Ww F pw itn- p-sim v Ah-cpsS the-bpss `mcw h n- n- p. \mkn-i-fpss XS ]mf-b-ß-fn blq-z- mtcmsp CS-s] Hcp coxnsb A\p-kva-cn- n- p- -X-c- Øn ^d-thm blq-z- m-tcm-sp _ -Øn Akm- [y-amb Hcp Ahÿ krjvsn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Aßs\ ssht m-en-\p-]-icw XmfSn tij-cn- m an{k-bow tziøp F m-shpw Ah p NnXdn \S-t - n-h- p. ASn- -a Ø-s Cu P\-tØmsS F{X am{xw \nµtbmssbmwv Ah s]cp-am-dn-b-sx v F{_mb thzhm-iy-ß-fn kqnn- n- n- p- v. XmfSn F Xv ssht men\p ]Icw D]-tbm-Kn- m-hp ]cp- \pw Zp _-e-hpamb Hcp hkvxp-hm-bn-cp- p-sh v timƒ kqnn- n- p p (7). 5:15 23 AXp-hsc b{km-tb-ey v ssht m \evip-am-bn-cp- p. CjvSnI ZrVo-I-cn- p- -Xn-\pw, Ah D m- p aqi-bn AXp H n- n-sn- m-xn-cn- m-\p-am-bncp p AXv D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- -Xv. Zfin n- -s blqz {]am-wn-am ^d-thm-t\msv {]Xn-tj[w {]I-Sn- n- p. ]t bmsxmcp ]cn-k-w-\bpw Ah p e`n- n-. At mƒ Ah tamsi-sbbpw Al-tcm-s\bpw Ip -s - Sp-Øn. tamsi sszhsø Ip -s -Sp-Øn. ]pd-ta-bp- -hcn \n p ]o-u-sb- mƒ ]e-t mgpw sszh-p-\-ßfpss CS-bn \n p Xs -bp FXn v kln- p-hm- \mwv Gsd {]bm-kw. 6:1 12 sszh-øns \o nb `pp-øm ^d-thm \n _- n-x-\m- -s -Sp Xp-sIm v Ah bn{kmtbens\ hn -b-bv p-sa- p Dd- p-sim-sp-ø-xp-sim v tamsi-bpss tim]-tøm-ss-bp kwkm-c-øn\p BZyw A\p-I-º-tbmsS sszhw adp-]sn \evin. AXn-\p-tijw tkm{x ]nxm- - m v BZy-ambn Xs -Ø-s shfns -Sp-Øn-bXv \nba ]me-i-\mb sszh-øns hy n- \m-a-amb btlm-h-bm-bn- adn v F i-±mbn AYhm k i- -\mb sszh-am-bn- mwv F v tamsisb sszhw H Ωn- n- p. Ct mƒ btlm-h-bmb Xm Xs shfn-s -Sp-Øp- Xv ]pxn-sbmcp coxn-bn - -A-Xm-b-Xv Xs P-\sØ hnsp-hn- p ]pxn-sbmcp i n-bn BsW- mwv ChnSpsØ at\m`mhw kqnn- n- p- -Xv. Ah-s\mcp \nbaw snbvxn- p- Xv, bn{km-tb-ens\ an{kbo-an \n pw hnsp-hn v hmkvz-ø-\m- n FØn- p- txmss GI-tZiw ]q Øo-I-cn- p-hm ASp-Øn-cn- -

]pd- msv 6,7,8 91 bm-bn-cp- p. 6 apx 8 hsc-bp hmiy-ß-fn ""Rm snøpw'' F p Xv Ggp-{]m-hiyw Bh Øn- n-cn- p- Xp {i n- p-i. ""btlmh'' (ssz-hw) F -t]cv CXn\p apºpw D]-tbm-Kn- -s - n-cp- p, F m C-t mƒ AXv ]pxnb A -Øn-emWv ChnsS FSp-Øn-cn p- -Xv. Cu hmiy-ß-fn sszhw X\-Xmb Ccp-]-Øn-b- p k -\m-a-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- Xp {i n- p- I, AXv Xm snbvxn- p- -Xn-\pw, snbvxp-sim n-cn- p- -Xn-\pw, snøp-hm\p- -Xn\pw Du simsp-øp sim- p- -Xm-Wv. Ct mƒ tamsibv p ImgvN- msv \jvs-s - p-sh p txm p- p, Ah-\n-t mgpw Xs kz w Ign-hn- m-bva-bn hym]r-x\m-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. sszhw Ahs\ ho pw ss[cy-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\m sszhni hm p-iƒ tamsi A\p-k-cn p (A. 7) 12,30 F o hmiy-ß-fn hmsskz-`-h-an- m-ø-h F p ]d- n-cn- p hm p-sim v Dt±-in- p- Xv hn nhn n kwkm-cn- p- -h F m-wv, tamsi Xs -Øs Hcp henb {]-kw-k-i-\mbn IW- m- n-bn-cp- n-. 6:13 30 14-25 hmiy-ß-fn ImWp hwim-hen bmt m-_ns BZysØ aq p ]p{x- m-cmb cqt_, inatbm, tehn F n-hcn ]cn-an-x-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. {KŸ-I Øm-hn\v ChnsS ]q Æ-amb Hcp hwimhen simsp-t Imcy-an-, adn v tihew tamsi Altcm F n-h-cn-te- p {Ia-KXn hc- p-im- n-bm am{xw axn. AXp-sIm v ]utcm-lnxy tkm{x-øn-te- v FØp- Xn\pth n Xm XnSp- -Øn cqt_, ina-tbm F n-h p aosx-iqsn IS- p-t]m-bn. 7:1 5 6 mw A ymbw Ah-km-\n- p-tºmƒ i -\mb ^d-thm Xs -t mse km[p-hmb Hcp {]kw-k-is\ Fßs\ {i n- p-sa v tamsi A p-x-s - p. tamsi sszh-øns Hcp {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn- mwv ^d-thm-s apºmsi \n p- -sx- m-bn-cp p sszh-øns DØcw. tamsi Al-tcm-t\mSp kwkm-cn- pw, Al-tcm B ktµ-iw ^d-thms\ Adn-bn- pw, ^d-thm AXp hi-h-bv p-i-bn-, ]t Fß-s\-bm-bmepw sszhw Xs P\sØ hnsp-hn- pw. 7:6 hntam-n-\-øns al-ømb ip{iqj Bcw`n- t mƒ tamsibv v F ]Xpw Al-tcm\p F ]-Ønaq pw hb p {]mb-ap- m-bn-cp- p. C pw hm Iyw F p \mw ]d-bp Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn- p kv{xo]pcp-j- msc Xs \ma-a-l-xz-øn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn- p-hm sszh-øn\p Ign-bpw. B. c m-asø G -ap- (7:7 13) hcp-hm-\n-cn- p- _p n-ap- p-i-sf- p-dn v ^d-thm\p ap -dn-bn v e`n- n-cp- p. \ne-øn Al-tcms hsn k -ambn Xo t mƒ ^d-thms a{ -hm-zn-ifpw p{z- mcpw kmøm-\y-i- n-bm B A p-x-{]- hrøn snøp-hm Ign-hp- -h-cm-bn-cp- p. an{k-bo-anse a{ -hm-zn-iƒ bt kpw bwt{_kpw Bbn-cp- p sh v 2Xn-sam. 3:38 \n pw \ap p {Kln- mw. tamsi-sbbpw Al-tcm-s\bpw A\p-I-cn- p-sim v Ah tamsi-tbmsp FXn Øp-\n- p-sh- nepw Al-tcms hsn Ah-cpsS hsn-isf hngp-ßn- -f- p. sszhw ^d-thms lrzbw ITn-\-am- n-bxv GI-] o-b-am-bn- m-bncp- adn v Xs ]nsn-hm-in-bpss {]Xn-I-c-W-sa-t m-w-am-bn-cp- p. CXm-bn-cp p BZysØ _m[bv p- -k-a-bw. V. BZysØ H ]Xp _m[-iƒ (7:14 10:29) A. H m-asø _m[ ss\ \Zn c -am-bn- Xo p (7:14 25) 7:14 18 Xs cmpmhv \Zn-bn-te p t]mb-t mƒ AhnsS B \Zn- -c-bn h v ^d-thm-\p-ambn hy n-]- c-amb Hcp G p-ap- \S-Øp-hm sszhw tamsi-tbmsp Bh-iy-s p (]p-wy-\-zn-bmb ss\en Hcp-]t At±lw Ipfn- p- -Xm-bn-cn- mw). tamsi-bpss ssibnep hsn-bm \Zn-bnse sh w c -am-bn Xo pign- m ]ns a y-ß-sf mw NØp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw \Zn \mdp-ibpw AXp-sIm v an{k-bo-ay v AXv Ad- mbn Xocp-Ibpw snøp-sa- p- Imcy-ßƒ tamsibv v cmpmhns\ ap Iq n Adn-bn-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. 7:19 25 sszhw Iev]n- -Xp-t]mse tamsibpw Altcm\pw {]h Øn- p. Ah B hsn an{k-bo-anse sh - Øn-t \o n. ss\ \-Zn-bnse sh hpw an{kbow tzi-øp- m-bn-cp F m sh hpw c -am-bn- Øo p., a y-ß-sf mw NØp, \Zn \mdn. an{k-bo-ay a{ -hm-zn-ifpw ss\ \-Znbn-e- msx thsd sh -ap- mbn-cp- n-søv CtX A pxw Xs snbvxp ImWn- p. P\sØ hn -b-bv p-hm-\p tamsi-bpss Bhiyw \nckn- p-hm ^d-thm\v CXv t{]m m-l-\-ambn Xo p. ss\ \Zn aen-\-am- -s Ggp-Zn-h-k- mew Hmen-Iƒ Ipgn v P\w sh w Is -Øn. B. c m-asø _m[ Xhf (8:1 15) an{kbow tziw apgp-h \nd Xh-f-bm-ep _m[ ^d-thms Im iyw Ipdbv p-hm am{xw hfsc Zpcn- X-]q Æ-am-bn-cp- p. Cu _m[ am p-hm Ah tamsitbmsp Bh-iy-s - -t mƒ, Xhf \nt bpw \ns P\- søbpw hn p \oßn \Zn-bn am{xw Ccn-t - -Xn\p Rm \n\ pw \ns `rxy- m pw \ns P\-Øn-\pwth n Ft mƒ {]m n-t Ww F p F\n p kabw \n -bn- mepw F p tami ]d- p. Bh-iy-Øn\p Xh-f-Iƒ Ct mƒ C m-bn-cp- p-sh- n a{ -hm-zn-iƒ v Xh-f-I-sfbpw D m- p-hm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- p. Ah kmøm\y i n-bm km[m-c-w-bmbn Aßs\ snbvxn-cp- p. ]t Xh-f-Isf \in- n- p-hm Ah ss[cy-s - n-, ImcWw Xh-fsb kºp-jvs-xbpss sszh-ambn Ah Bcm-[n- p-h- n-cp- p. ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw Xh-f-I-sf mw NØ-t mƒ AhbpsS ico-c-øn \n p hen-b Zp K w Ahn-sS-sb mw hym]n- p. ^dthm ho pw Xs lrz-bsø ITn-\-am n.

92 C. aq m-asø _m[ t] (8:16 19) aq m-asø _m[bn \nesø s]msn-sbm-s bpw simxpiv AYhm t] Bbn amdn. a-{ -hmzn-iƒ v Xß-fpsS i n-bm t]\ns\ Df-hm- p-hm IgnbmsX h Cu Ah-k-c-Øn Ah p i nsb- mƒ hen-sbmcp i n-bmwv {]h Øn- p- -sx v Ah ^d-thm-t\msp ]d- p. ]t cmpmhv AXp Iq m- msx ho pw ITn\ NnØ-\mbn Xo p. cmpmhv Xs lrz-bsø ITn-\-am- p-t mdpw sszhhpw Ahs lrzbsø ITn-\-am- n-s m- n-cp- p. D. \mem-asø _m[ \mbo (8:20 32) 8:20-24 Aßs\ sszhw \mem-asø _m[-bmb \mbo (swarms of flies) Iq- sø Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn-te v Ab- p. NKJV \mbo F Xv {]txyi Ncn A -c-ß-fn-emwv tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. F{_mb `mj-bn- {]mwn- q w (swarms) F p am{xta A co-i-ambn CXp-sIm v A -am- p- p p F m-wxv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. F m Hcp {]txyi {]mwn (Cu- ) sb Ipdn- m n FgpXn-bXv hnh Ø-I-cm-Wv. Hcp- ]t Cu {]mwn- q w ]e h Øn s -h-bpss Hcp kωn-{i-ambncp n-cn- mw. an -hmdpw F m _m[-ifpw an{k-bo-anse I]S sszh-ßsf (ss\ \-Zn-t]m-se-Xs an{k-bo-an F m Pohn-Ifpw bym -Øn Hmtcm sszh-ß-fm-bn-cp- p) e y-am- n-s m- p- -Xm-bn-cp- - Xn-\m ChnsS h n-s\-bm-bn-cn mw Hcp-]t A am- nb-xv. CXv ]pwy-h- p-i-fpss sszh-amb si{]n (Khepri) s Xn-cm-bp Hcp B{I-a-W-am-bn-cp- ncn mw (8). 8:25 32 an{kbow tzi-øp-xs sszh-øn\p bmkw Ign-t - -Xn\v bn{km-tb-eysc A\p-h-Zn- p-hm ^dthm Xøm-dm-bn. ]t AXp km y-a- m-bn-cp- p, ImcWw an{k-boay sszh-ß-fmbn Bcm-[n- p-h-cp ark-ß-sf Ah bmkw Ign- p- -Xp-sIm p AsXmcp el-fbv p Imc-Wam-bn-Øo-cpw. AXn-\p-tijw ^dthm blq-z- msc acp`q-an-bn-te p t]mip-hm A\ph- Zn- mw. ]t AXn Zqc-Øp-am-{Xw t]mi-cpxv F p Ah-tcmSp ]d- p. CXpw Xr-]vXn-I-c-a- m-bn-cp p ImcWw aq p Znh-ksØ hgn-zqcw t]mip-hm-\mwv sszhw Ah-tcmSp Iev]n- n-cn- p- -Xv. an{k-bo-ay _m[- bn \n pw hnap- -cmbn Xo -t mƒ ^d-thm ho pw Xs a\- p-am- n,. P\sØ t]mip-hm- A\ph-Zn- n-. E. A m-asø _m[ ark-hym[n (9:1 7) ]pd- msv 8,9,10 ^d-thm\p ap -dn-bn- p-sim-sp-ø-tijw sszhw Hcp ark-hym[n an -hmdpw B{ mivkv Bbn-cn- m-\mwv km[y-x. Ab- p. an{k-bo-ay-cpss hb-en-ep- m-bn-cp ark-ß-sf mw AXn-\m NØp-t]m-bn. F m bn{kmtb-ey-cpss ark-ßsf AXp _m[n- n-. AXp sim v kzm`m-hni {]Xn-`m-kw-sIm v am p-hm IgnbmØ Xc-Øn hnth-i-_p- n-bp Hcp \ymb-hn-[nbm-bn-cp- p AXv. {]Ir-Xn-am-lm-fly-hmZ-]-c-amb \nebn hym[n-isf hni-i-e\w snøp-h-\m t\m p F m {ia-ßfpw ChnsS kzbw XI -s -Sp- p. (an- {k-bo-aycpss F m-ar-k-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse sim -s - n- ). 19- -mw hmiy-øn {]Xn-]m-Zn n-cn- p Nne arkßƒ am{xta BZyw sim -s - p- p. ]n osv ark-ßfn h v sim -s - Xv s]k-lm-bpss cm{xn-bn-emwv (12:29b) NneXv hosp-i-fn sim p-h- Xp sim v c s]- p (hm. 20). AXp-sIm v Bdmw hmiy-ønse F m ark-ßfpw F -Xp-sIm v A -am- p- Xv hb-enep F m ark-ß-fpw F mwv F m-ø-c-øn-ep-ap- h Ft m BWv. tim-em- p-sim-, timem-sv, Imf F nh an{k-bo-aysc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw ]pwy-ar- K-ß-fm-Wv. Ct mƒ No p-\m-dnb Ah-cpsS P p- fpss ih-ßƒ A -co- sø aen-a-k-am- n-s m- ncn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. F. Bdm-asØ _m[ ]pæv (9:8 12) ^d-thm ho pw Xs lrz-bsø ITn-\-am- n-bt mƒ sszhw shæo-cns\ an{k-bo-anse ar-k-ß-fp-sstaepw a\p-jy-cp-ss-taepw ]pæm- n-øo Øp. a{ -hm- Zn-Iƒ p-t]mepw ]pæp _m[n- p. ^d-thm Xs lrzbw IqSp-X ITn-\-am- p-t mdpw \ymb-ambn sszh- Ømepw AXp IqSp-X ITn-\-am- -s - p-sim- n-cp- p. G. Ggm-asØ _m[ I a-gbpw Xobpw (9:13 35) Fs _m[-i-sfm-s bpw F {]tbmkw ChnsS kqnn- n- p- -Xv, sszh-øns _m[-i-fpss ]q Æ-i- n-sb-bm-wv. apsº D mb _m[-iƒ sim v ^dthm-s\bpw an{k-bo-ay-scbpw sszh-øn\p \in- n- mam-bn-cp- p. ]t Xs i n {]Z in- n-t - -Xn\pw Io Øn {]kn- -am-t - -Xn-\p-amWv ^d-thms\ tijn- n- n-cn- p- -sx v sszhw ^d-thms\ Hm Ωn- n- p. ^dthms\ A[n-t -]n-t - -Xn\v ap Iq n hn[n- -s - - Xm-bp kqn\ 16- mw hmiy-øn ImW-s -Sp- n-. thz-]p-kvxiw A[n-t ]w A\p-im-kn- p- n-. sszhi- n-tbmsv FXn m Xocp-am-\n- n-cn- p Hcp-h\v F p kw`-hn- p- p-sh- -Xns Hcp DZm-l-c-W-ambn sszhw ^d-thms\ D]-tbm-Kn p (tdm-a. 9:16,17 hmiyßfpw t\m p-i). I a-gbpw an epw AS-ßnb ASpØ _m[-bn CSnbpw D m-bn-cp- p. AXv a\p-jy-scbpw ark-ß-sfbpw simbvøn\p ]mi-am-bn-cp NWw, bhw F n-h-sbbpw \in- n p If p (hm. 31,32). F m tkmxºpw tnmfhpw hf n- n- m- -Xp-sIm v \in- p-t]m-bn-. tkmsi tziøp ]m Øn-cp bn{km-tb a sf CsXm pw _m[n- n-. ^d-thms At] {]Imcw tamsi {]m n- p. _m[ \n Ø-em- n. F m tamsi {]Xo- n- -Xp-t]m-se-X-s, F{_m-bsc hn -bbv p- -Xn ^d-thm ho pw ITn-\-lr-Z-b-\m- -s p.

]pd- msv 10,11,12 93 H. F m-asø _m[ sh- p nfn (10:1 20) Bk- am-bn-cn p sh p- nfn _m[sb pdn p tamsibpw Al-tcm\pw ^d-thm\v ap -dn-bn p simsp- Ø-t mƒ ]pcp-j- m am{xw t]mbn btlm-hbv p D hw BN-cn- p-hm ^d-thm \n t±-in- p. kv{xoifpw Ip n-ifpw an{k-bo-an Xs ]m Ww F -Xm-bn-cp p Xs Xmev]-cyw. F m Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-ßƒ an{k-bo-an Bbn-cn- p-tºmƒ ]pcp-j- m am{x-w acp-`q-an-bn-te p t]mip-hm sszhw B{K-ln- n-. tziw apgp-h hym]n- p, ` y-tbm-ky-amb kiehpw Xn p \in- n sh p- nfn apsº-ßp-ap- m-imø hn[-øn cq -am-bn-cp- p. skdm- nkv tzh\v sh p- n-fn-bn \n pw tzisø kwc- n- p-hm-\p i nbn-s - mwv CXp hnfn- -dn-bn- -Xv. ^d-thm _m[ Hgnbp- -Xn-\mbn At]- n- m Xmev]-cy-s - p-sh- nepw bn{km-tb a- sf t]mip-hm A\p-h-Zn- n-. I. HºXm-asØ _m[ aq p-zn-h-ksø Iqcncp v (10:21 28) 10:21 28 aq p-zn-h-k-tø v kv] in- -Ø Iqcncp- p- m-b-xm-bn-cp p H ]-Xm-asØ _m[. F m bn{km-tb a ƒ v F m-h pw Xß-fpsS hmkÿ-e-ß-fn shfn- -ap- m-bn-cp- p-sh- Xv {]I-S-amb Hcp A p-x-am-bn-cp- p. an{k-bo-ay-cpss kqcy-tz-h-\mb dm (Ra) i n lo\-\m-sw- p bmym yw shfn- -Øm- -s - p. kv{xo-i-sfbpw BSp-am-Sp-I-sfbpw an-{kbo-an tijn- n- p-hm\pw ^d-thm tamsi-tbmsp ]d- p. CXv Ah as-ßn-h-cp- -Xn-\p Hcp Dd- m-ipsa- m-bn-cp p ^d-thm hnnm-cn- -Xv. (H-cp-]t Xs B n Iq- -tøm-ssm w AXp IqSn-tN Øv Ipdhp \ni- Øm-sa v Xm B{K-ln- n-cp- n-cn- mw). F m Imcyßƒ Aß-s\-bm-Ip-tºmƒ b-tlm-hbv p bmkw Ign- phm ark-ßƒ H p-ap- m-ip-am-bn-cp- n-. Ah an{k-bo-an \n pw t]mip- -Xns ImcWw Xs bmk-am-bn-cp- -t m. ^d-thm Bh-iy-s {]Imc-ap Hcp A\p-c- -\-Øn\p tamsi Xøm-dm-ImsX h t mƒ Xs k n-[m-\-øn \n pw Ft - p-ambn tamsisb ]pd-øm- p-hm ^d-thm Iev]n- p. 10:29 \o ]d- -Xp-t]m-se-bm-I-s, Rm\n-\n \ns apjw ImWp-I-bn F p tami-bpss i -amb {]kvxm-h-\-bpw, Aßs\ Ah D{K-tIm-]tØmsS ^dthms ASp- \n p ]pd-s - p-t]mbn F p 11:8se hmiyhpw XΩn ]c-kv]c hncp- -am-bn-cn- p- p. C\n Hcn- epw F -Xp-sIm- -am- p- Xv Cu {]mhiy-øn-\p-tijw F m-sw pw 11:8se Imcyhpw B N m ktω-f-\-øn Xs Dƒs - -Xm-bn-cp- p-sh pw amxyp sl {Sn A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. At±lw Fg-Xp- Xv: AXp-sIm v Cu A`n-ap-J-Øn-\p-tijw ho pw Ab-bv -s -Sp- -Xp-hsc tamsi Ahn-tS p sn n-. a\p-jy sszh-hm- p-iƒ X n- -f-bp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS hymtam-l-ß-ƒ \ymb-ambn A\p-h-Zn- p-sim v Ah-cpsS hn{k-l-ß-fpss s]cp- -Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn Ah p adp-]sn \evip- p. {InkvXp AhnSw hn p t]mi-w-sa v KZ-c-tZ-i- m B{K-ln- -t mƒ, Ah At mƒxs Ahsc hn p-t]mbn (9). VI. s]k-lmbpw ISn- q kwlm-chpw (11:1 12:30) 11:1 10 ^d-thms k n-[m-\-øn \n pw tamsi AXp-h-scbpw t]mbn-cp- n-. 4 8 hsc-bp hmiy-ßfn Ah Ct mgpw B `cw I Øm-hn-t\mSp kwkmcn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. BZysØ aq p hmiy-ßƒ Hcp {]kw-k-h-n-\-ambn Nn n- -s -Smw. ]Øm-a-tØXpw Ah-km-\-tØXp-amb _m[tbm-sp _ -Øn, bn{km-tb-ey an{k-bo-ay-tcmsv sh n-bm-`c-w-ßfpw s]m m`c-w-ßfpw tnmzn- m (K.J.V ImWp- -Xpt]mse ISw tasn- p-i-b- ) sszhw tamsi apjm- cw ]d- p. \ntbm-kn- s Znhkw A -cm-{xnbn an{k-bo-ay-cpss ISn- q-ep-i-sfm-s bpw kwlcn- -s -Sp-sa- pw, kwlm-c-i-\m bn{km-tb bmsxmcp hn[-ønepw _m[n- -s -Sp-I-bn-s pw Ct mƒ Xs Rßsf hn p-t]m-ipi F p F{_m-btcmSp ]d- p-sim v ^d-thms kie `rxy- mcpw Xßsf \a-kv -cn- p-sa- pw tamsi ^d-thm\p ap dn-bn p \evin. (12:6 ImWp-I) AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv tamsi D{K-tIm-]-tØmsS cmpm-hns ASp- \n p ]pd-s - p-t]m-b-xv. B Xm oxv _[n-cx _m[n snhn-i-fnemwv FØn-b-Xv, sszhw ^d-thms lrz-bsø IqSp- X ITn-\-am- n. 12:1 10 BZysØ s]k-lmbv p Hcp-tß- Xp Fßs\-sb- Xp kw_- n p sszhw tamsibv pw Al tcm\pw hni-z-amb \n t±-i-ßƒ\-evin. s]k-lm- p- m-sv, Xo -bmbpw {InkvXp-hn\p \ng-emwv (1-sIm-cn. 5:7). AXv Du\-an- m-øxv Bbn-cn- -W-sa- p- Xv {InkvXp-hns ]m]-an- mø Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv kqnn- n- p- -Xv., Hcp hb p {]mb-ap B F -Xv, I Ømhv Xs Pohn-X-Øns Bcw-`Øn Xs tnmzn- -s -Sp- -Xn-s\-bmImw Hcp-]t kqnn- n- p- - Xv. amk-øns ]Xn-\m-emw Xob-Xn-hsc AXp kq n- -s -Sp- -Xv, c n-xm-hns \k-td-ønse ap Xp h jsø cl-ky-po-hn-x-sø-bmwv ap Iq n kqnn- n- p- -Xv. Xm sszh-øm ]co- n- -s -Sp- Xpw a\pjy-cpss kq va-\n-co- -W-Øn\v ]m{x-ambn aq ph jw ]c-ky-ip-{iqj snøp- Xpw Cu Ime-L- -Ønem-Wv. {InkvXp ZpjvS- m-cps Iøm ]nsn- -s v tozn- -s -Sp- -Xp-t]m-se-bmWv ({]-hr. 2:23). bn{km-tb k`bpss Iq -Øm AXv sim -s -Sp- -Xv. H ]Xmw awnt\-cøv tbip sim -s - -Xp-t]m-se-bmWv (a-øm. 27:45 50) H ]-Xn\pw ]Xn-s\m n\pw at[y-bp k ym-k-a-bøp AXv Adp- -s - -Xv. hnizm-k-øm kzmb-ø-am- p {InkvXp-hns c w, ]m]w, PUw, kmøm F n-h-bn \n p c \evip- -Xp-t]m-se, kwlm-c-i-\n \n p c -s]-sp-hm AXns c w

94 ]pd- msv 12 hmxn-en ]pc-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp p (hm.7) amwkw Xobn NpS-W-am-bn-cp p F -Xv, \Ωp-sS ]m]w \nanøw {InkvXp \ap- p-th n sszh-tim-]m- n-bn shs -cn Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xv. Xs P\-Øns Blm-c-amb {InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv ]pfn- n- mø A -tømspw ssi p-no-c-tbmspw IqsS AXp ` n- -W-am-bn-cp- p-sh- Xv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. ZpjvS-Xbp-sSbpw hntzz-j-øn-s bpw ]pfn- n- m-sx, kxy-øns bpw \njv -f- -X-bp-sSbpw Hcp Pohn-X-amWv \mw \bn-t - -Xv. IqSmsX {InkvXp-hns IjvSm-\p`-h-ßfpsS Ibv]v F m-bvt mgpw Hm Øp-sIm v bym am\-km- -c-tøm-sp-iqss \mw Pohn- -Ww. Ip m-sns Hcp Aÿn-t]mepw HSn- -s -S-cpXv F v (hm.46) \ΩpsS I Øm-hns Imcy-Øn A -cn-i-ambn \nh Øn- s Hcp hyh-ÿ-bm-bn-cp p (tbm-l. 19:36). 12:11-20 bm{xbv p Hcp-ßn-bn-cn- p Hcp P\-am-bncp p BZysØ s]kl BN-cn- -Xv. \o bm{x-bnem-bn-cp Xo ms-i XnSp -Øn bm{x snø-wsa- -XmWv \sω Hm Ωn- n- p- -Xv. s]kl (I-S- pt]m- v) F v \ma-i-cww snø-s -Sp-hm-\p ImcWw c w ]pc- n-bn-cp hosp-i-fn-t sszhw IS- p-t]mbn F A -Øn-em-Wv. s]kl (Passover) F ]Z- {]-tbm-kw-sim v Ah-K-Wn- pi (passby) F A w hcp- n-.timƒ hni-zo-i-cn- p p: AXv icn-bmb i_vtzmxv ]Øn imkv{xtam Hcp Zzbm {]tbm-ktam Bbn-cp- mepw bn{km-tb-ens\ kw_- n- n-s-tømfw s]kl A -am- n-bxv Hcp IS- p-t]m v AYhm Hcp Xm n- -S- F m-bn-cp- p. Cu kµ `-tøm-sp _ -Øn bn{km-tb-ent\msp Zb ImWn p Ncn-{X-Øn sszh-øns {]hr- Øn-tbmSp AXpw _ -s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p p (10). bn{km-tb-ens ax-]-c-amb Ime-K-W-\m-co-Xn-bnse h j-a-\p-k-cn v s]kl 14- mw Znh-k-am-bn-cp p (hm. 2). ]pfn- n- m-ø A -Øns s]cp- mƒ s]k-lmtbmsp hf-sc-b-[niw _ -s - p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. B BZysØ s]klm cm{xn-bn P\w an{kbow hn Xv hfsc XnSp- -tømsp IqSn-bm-bn-cp- p. ]nfiw ]pfn- phm-\-ap ka-b-sam pw Ahn-sS-bn- m-bn-cp- p. (hm. 34,39). AXn-\p-tijw Ggp-Zn-h-ksØ s]cp- mƒ BNcn- p Ah-k-c-Ønepw Ah Ah-cpsS ]pd- m-sns thkx Hm Ωn- n- p coxn-bn Xs AXv BN-cn- ncp- p. F m ]pfn v ]m]sø kqnn- n- p- -XpsIm v c -Øm hos -Sp- -s - -h ]m]-søbpw temi-søbpw (an-{k-bow) Ah-cpsS ]nºn Dt]- n- -W-sa pw AXv Ahsc Hm Ωn- n- pw. ]pfn- p A w Xn p- -hs\ P\-Øn \n p tozn- p-i-f-b-ww. F p-h- m ]mf-b-øn \n pw AXnse Ah-Im-iß-fn \n pw Ahs\ ]pd-øm- Ww F w,. Nne kµ `-ß-fn tozn- p-i-f-bpi F ]Z-{]-tbmKw sim -am- p- Xv ac-w-øn\p hn[n- pi F mwv. 12:21 27 A\- cw tamsi P\-Ønse aq - m v Cu \n t±-i-ß-ƒ simsp- p- -Xm-bmWv \mw tiƒ p- -Xv. hmxn-en-t c w Xfn-t - Xv F{]-Im-c-sa- -Xn-s\- p-dn- p IqSp-X hni-zmw-i-ßƒ ChnsS \evi-s - n-cn- p- p. {InkvXp-hns c w kw_- n- p hy n- ]-c-amb D]-tbmKw km[y-am- p hnizm-k-sø-bm-bncn mw Cutkm v kqnn- n- p- -Xv. Cu BNm-c-sØ- p-dn p tnmzn- p `mhn-x-e-ap-dbv v hos -Sp- ns IY ]Tn- n- p-sim-sp- p-hm-\p Hcp t{]c-i-am-bn-cn pw s]k-l. 12:28 30 A -cm-{xn-bn Ah-km-\-am-bp {]lcw `oj-wn-bmbn Ah-cp-sS-ta h p. an{k-bo-an hensbmcp \ne-hnfn D mbn; H p acn msx Hcp hospw D m-bn-cp- n Ah-km\w bn{km-tb a ƒ v AhnSw hn p-t]m-ip-hm-\p A\p-hmZw e`n- p. VII. an{k-bo-an \n- p ]pd- msv (12:31 15:21) A. IS-en\p t\sc-bp ]mem-b\w (12:31 13:22) 12:31 37 tamsi ^d-thms\ apjm-ap-j-ambn I -Xmbn 31- -mw hmiyw A -am- p- n (10:29 ImWp-I). Hcp Zmk ]d-bp- txm snøp- txm ]e-t m-gpw Xs bpam-\s ta Btcm-]n- -s -Sm-dp- v. ^d-thms `rxy- m bn{km-tb a -tfmsv Ahn-Sw-hn- pt]mip-hm At]- n- p-sa v tamsi ap Iq n {]h-nn- n-cp p (11:8). an{k-bo-anse Hcp Pn -bmb kqt m-øn\p t\scbmwv bn{km-tb a- ƒ bm{x snbvxxv. ]e-kvxo-\n CtX t]cn-ep Hcp ] Ww D -Xp-sIm v AXpw CXpw XΩn Bi-b- p-g- -ap- m-i-cpxv (D-ev]. 33:17). XßfpsS kºøv bn{km-tb-ey v simspøv Ahsc Hgn-hm- p- -Xn an{k-bo-ay v kt m-jta D m-bncp- p- p. F{_m-bsc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw ^d-thm\p snbvxp simspø the-bpss shdpw {]-Xn-^ew am{xam-bn-cp p AXv. AXv Ah v bm{x-bv p-th k o- I-c-W-ß-fmbpw sszh-øns ip{iq-jbv p th -Xmb hkvxp- -fmbpw \evi-s - p. kv{xoi-sfbpw Ip n-isfbpw IqSmsX GI-tZiw Bdp-e- w-t] an{kbow hn p. ]pcp-j- m-cpss IrXy-amb IW v 6,03,550 (38:26) Bbn-cp- p. Aß-s\-sb- n bn{km-tb a ƒ samø-øn GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xp e w-t] D m-bncp- p. 12:38,39 ]pd- m-sns Xob-Xn-tbm-Sp _ -Øn H -[n-i-amb X -ß-fp- v. s]mxpsh AwKo-Ir-X-amb bmym-ÿn-xni Nn m-k-xn-bp Hcp XobXn (BC. 1440) BWv. a p Nne ]fin-x BC 1290 tem AXn-\p-tijtam Bbn-cp p ]pd- msv F p ]d-bp p. (BapJw ImWp-I). bn{km-tb-ey an{k-bo-an \n p ]pd-s - t mƒ hen-sbmcp kωn-{i-]p-cp-jmcw (A-Xm-bXv hntzin-ifpw AXn Dƒs - n-cp- p) Ah-tcmSp IqsS ]pds - p. kwjy. 11:4 B kωn-{i-pm-xnsb \on- P\w(NASB) F mwv kqnn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. AhnsS

]pd- msv 12,13 95 sszho-i-\- -I-tfm msx Ah-s\-Xn-cmbn Ip m-tcm- ]Ww \S-Øp Hcp P\-sØ-bmWv \mw ImWp- -Xv. 12:40 42 40- mw hmiy-ønse hwim-h-en-tbm-sp _ -Øn Dev]. 15:13,14 hmiy-ß-fpss hymjym\w t\m p-i. bn{km-tb P\w an{k-bo-an Nne-h-gn samøw Ime-b-f-hmWv ChnsS ]d- n-cn- p \m\q n ap Xp kwh- -cw. ]pd- m-sns B Znhkw hsc IW- m- p-tºmƒ IrXy-amb Hcp kwjy-bm-w-xv. \q m p Iƒ p-apºp sszhw snbvx hmkvzøw Ct mgpw ad- n F p- Xv {]txyiw {i n-t Hcp hnj-b-am- Wv. Xs P\sØ ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p-sim v h -Xn-eqsS Xs hm p-iƒ Xm \nd-th- n. \ΩpsS hos -Sp p kw_- -am-b hmkvzøw \nh Øn- m sszhw Xmakn- p- n (2-]-s{Xm. 3:9). hcpw-\m-fn tbip- {InkvXphn\p \ng-emb tamsi snbvx-xp-t]mse tamibpss s]mcp-fmb I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxp Cu temi- Øn \n pw Xs P\sØ hnsp-hn p \nxy-amb hmkvzø \m n-te p sim p-t]m-ipw. 12:43 51 ]cn-t -Z\ G -h am{x-ta, AXp A\y-Pm- Xn- m-c-t\m, Ab m-c-t\m, Zmk-t\m, Bcm-bn-cp- mepw s]k-lm-bn ]s -Sp- p-hm ]msp p F v s]k-lm-bpss N -Øn {]txy-i-ambn FSp-Øp-]-d- ncn- p- p. ""A\y-Pm-Xn- m-c-\mb Hcp-Ø\pw AXp Xn cp-xv, ]c-tz-inbpw Iqen- m-c\pw AXp Xn -cpxv'' 13:1 15 an{kbo-an \S ISn- q kwlm-c- Øn \n pw bn{ktb P\-Ønse ISn- q-ep-isf Hs bpw sszhw c n- -Xp-sIm- v a\p-jycpssbpw arkß-fp-ssbpw BZy-Pm-X- m btlm-h-bv p- -Xm-I-bm Ahsc Ah-\p-th n ip o-i-cn-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. ]utcmlnxy ip{iq-j-bv mbn tehn tkm{xsø th Xncn- p- -Xp-hsc BZy-Pm-X- m-cmb ]p{x- m-cmwv ]ptcmln-x-ip{iqj snbvxn-cp- -Xv. ip n-bp ark-ß-fnse ISn- q-ep-iƒ v Hcp hb p {]mb-am-ip-tºmƒ sszh- Øn\p bmkw A n- -W-am-bn-cp- p,. Igp-X-sb-t mse ip n-bn- mø ark-ß-fpss ISn- q-ep-isf sszh-øn\p bmkw A n- p-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-,. AXp-sIm v Hcp B n Ip n-bpss ac-w-øm Ahsb ho p-simt Xp m-bn-cp- p. AXm-bXv AXn\p ]I-c-ambn Hcp B n Ip n sim s -S-W-am-bn-cp p F p kmcw, A{]-Imcw Hcp Igp- Xsb ho p-sim- p- n-s - n AXns IgpØp HSn- p If-b-Ww. AXv kwlm-c-øn\pw hos -Sp- n\pw at y-bp Hcp Xnc-s -Sp- m-bn-cp- p. hne-sim-spøv Igp-X-sb ho psim p-hm-\p N -ßƒ ]n osp ÿm]n-x-ambn (te-hy. 27:27; kwjy. 18:15). ]m]øn P\n BZy-Pm-X-\m-b ]p{x\pw hos -Sp- -s ts Xp m-bn-cp- p. Ahs hos -Sp- phne A pti- {Zhy-am-bn-cp p (kw-jy. 18:!6). sszh-ap-ºm-sibp a\p-jys Aip- -amb [m Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS Kuc-h-ta-dnb Hcp m]-i-ip-dn- m-bn-cp p AXv. BZy-Pm-Xs ip o-i-cww sszh-øn\p th nbp ka -WsØ kqnn- n- p- -Xp-t]m-se, hos - Sp- -s P\-Øn \n pw {]Xo- n- p [m ΩnI hnip- n-sb- p-dn- mwv ]pfn- n- mø A -Øns s]cp- mƒ ]d-bp- -Xv. Ggp-Zn-h-k-tØ v P\w ]pfn- n- mø A w ` n-t -Ww, Ah-cpsS `h-\-ß-fn ]pfn v Atijw ]msn-. BZy-Pm-Xs ip o-i-c-ww, ]p-fn- n- mø A -Øns s]cp- mƒ Ch c pw sszhw Xs P\sØ an{k-bo-an \n w hnsphn- -sx{]-imcw F - Xn-s\- p-dn v `mhn-x-e-ap-d-bv p ]m-t-ß-fm-bn-cp- p. 13:16 sszh-h-n-\-`m-k-ßƒ Dƒs m- p hfsc sndnb txm s]- n-iƒ s\ n-bnepw ssiø- -bnepw si n-s m v blq-z- m 9,16 hmiy-ßƒ A -co-i-ambn A\p-k-cn- n-cp- p. F m AXns Bflob A w \mw snøp- -sx mw (ssi) \mw B{K-ln- p- -sx mw (IÆv) sszh-h-n-\-{]-im-c-am-bn-cn- Ww F -s{x. 13:17 20 an{k-bo-an \n- pw I\m-\n-te- p G hpw Ffp- -hgn s^en-kvxy-tz-i-øp-iq-sn-bp- -Xm-bn-cp- p. AXv tlmd ns hgn F -dn-b-s -Sp Xoc-tZ-i-]m- X-bn IqSn-bp GI-tZiw c m-gvnsø ssz Lyap Hcp bm{x-bm-bn-cp- p. F m an{k-boay ssk\y- Øns ÿncw Imh-ep Xnc- p-]n-sn s]cp-h-gn-bmbn-cp p CXv. Xs P\sØ B{I-a-W-Øn \n pw XXv^e-am-bp- m-ip \ncp- m-l-øn \n pw c n- p-hm th n sszhw IqSpX Z n-wm-`n-ap-j-ambn ko\mbn D]-Zzo-]n-eqsS Ahsc \bn p. bn{km-tb a- ƒ an{k-bo-an \n pw bp -k- - -cm-bmwv ]pd-s - -Xv. Ah tbmtk-^ns Aÿn-Ifpw Xs P -\m- Smb I\m tz-i-tø v FSp-Øp-sIm- p-t]m- p. A{]- Imcw snø-w-sa v Ah-cpsS ]q -]n-xmhv Ah-scs m v Dd- mbn kxyw snøn- n-cp- p. kn.-f-^v. ]os^ Fgp-Xp- -Xv. bn{km-tb P\-Øns apºmsi Xpd- -s ISen-\p thz-]p-kvx-i-]-c-amb t]cv bmwk^v F m-wv. A -cm -Øn The sea of reeds BWXv (]p-d. 13:18). Ibv]p-X-SmIw (Bitter lakes) F v C -dn-b-s - Sp B taje ]pcm-x\ Ime-ß-fn sn -S-ep-ambn (Red sea) _ n- -s - n-cp- p. Aßs\ ]c-º-cm-k-xambn Read sea F -dn-b-s - n-cp IS X -a-bpss kui-cym w Red Sea F p \ma-i-cww snø-s - p. IS IS IrXy-amb ÿew kw_- n- p \nc-h[n XXz-hn-Nm-c-ß-fp- v. F m Ah-bn H pw-xs Atbm-Ky-ambn IW- m- -s - n- n (11). 13:21,22 ]I tal-kvxw`-ambpw cm{xn A n-kvxw- -ambpw Xs P\-Øns at[y btlm-h-bpss km n yw D m-bn-cp- p. amxyp sl {Sn- AXn-s\- pdn v A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- -Xp-t]mse ÿnc-ambn \nev p A p-x-ß-fm-b-cp p Ah (12). hkn- pi F -Xns F{_mb ]Z-Øn \n p-ap sjt \ F m-bn-cp p Cu txp- ns talw Adn-b-s - n-cp- -Xv. Xs P\- Øns sszhoi \S-Øn- n-s\bpw i{xp- -fn \n- p kwc- -W-sØ-bp-amWv kvxw`w kqnn- n- p- Xv (]pd.

96 bn{km-tb a -fpss ]pd- mspw bm{x-ifpw

]pd- msv 14,15 97 14:19,20). Cu c p Imcy-Ønepw CXp I Øm-hmb tbip- {In-kvXp-hns \s mcp {]Xn-cq-]-amWv. B. sn -S IS- p- Xv (A.14) 14:1 9 thz-]p-kvxiw samø-øn ]cn-tim-[n- m G hpw \ms-io-b-am-bn- p- -h-bn H mwv 14- mw A ymbw. sszhw bn{km-tb a sf sn -S-en\p Gsd- psd ]Sn- mdp DØ-c`m-K-Øp ]ol-lo-tcm-an-te p \bn- p. CXp ]mem-b\w Akm- y-am n Xo Ø-Xmbn txm p-sa- nepw XpS p A p-x-sø-bmwv IqSp- X B -cy-i-c-am n Xo Øp. Ahsc ]n Xp-S p ]nsn- m-sa p Nn n ^d-thm hnti-j-s Adp-\qdp cy-ß-sf-bpw-an-{k-bo-anse kie cy-ß-sfbpw Ahbv p-th- p txcm-fn-i-sfbpw Iq n ]S- -\-tømssm w Ahsc ]n Xp-S p. IS -c-bn Xmh-f-a-Sn- n-cn- p-, {]Xy- -Øn \ncm-ew-_-cmb Ccp-]-Xp-e- -tømfw hcp bn{km-tb a sf ^d-thm AXnthKw ]n Xp-S p adn-i-s- p-i-bm-wv. Ch c n-\mepw hebw snø-s Cu Hc-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn- mw, `bm-\- I-amb Hcp sshj-ay-tøm-sp _ -Øn ]cs Adn-b-s -Sp Bg-ta-dnb \oe- -S-en\pw (sn- -S ) snip-øm\pw (^-d-thm ) a y-øn F `mjm-ssien-bpss XpS- w. 14-:10 14 bn{km-tb a ƒ Xe-bp-b Øn an{kbow ssk\yw ]n mse hcp- -Xp-I- -t mƒ kzm`m-hn-iambn kvxw`n- p-t]m-bn. F m Ah hnth-i-tømss btlm-h-tbmsp \ne-hn-fn- p. F n-cp- mepw Ah s]s - pxs CXn\p apsºm-cn- snbvxn- p- -Xp-t]mse sszhni \S-Øn- p-im-c-\mb tamsi-tbmsp ]cm-xn-s - p. acp`q-an-bn acn- p- -Xn-t\- mƒ an{k-bo-ay v the snøp- -Xm-bn-cp p Xßƒ p \ -sx p Ah tamsi-tbmsp ]d p (5:21). CXv tihew Ah-cpsS Ahnizm-k-am-bn-cp- p, bmsxmcp hn[-ønepw CXv Ahkm-\-am-bp Hcp kwk-xn-bp-a- m-bn-cp- p. tamsi `ocphm-imsx, ""Dd p-\n p btlmh C p \nßƒ p snbvhm\n-cn- p c I p-simƒhn '' F v Ah tcmsp ]d- p. 14:15 18 Ncn-{X-Ønse G hpw henb A p-x-ß-fn H v kw`-hn- p-hm t]mip-i-bm-bn-cp- p. At mƒ btlmh tamsi-tbmsp \n t±-in- p, ""aptºm p t]mip-hm bn{km-tb a -tfmsp ]d-i. hsn FSp-Øp \ns ssi IS-en-t \o n AXns\ hn`m-kn-, bn{km-tb a- ƒ IS-ens \Spsh DWßnb \ne-øp-iqsn IS- p-t]mipw''. an{k-bo-ay-cpss lrzbw ITn-\-am- n-s m v sszhw ^d-thm-\nepw Ahs kie ssk\yß-fnepw Xs - Øs al-xz-s -Sp-Øn-bXp IW- n-se-sp-øp-sim- v amxyp sl {Sn Fgp-Xp p: Xs al-xz-øns kzm[o-\-tømss hf-sc- mew FXn Øp-\n- -hsc Xs D{K-tIm-]-Øns kzm[o-\- Øn Io-gn B n-sh-bv p- Xv sszhsø kw_- n- n-s-tømfw \oxn-bp Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. Cu Zp hm-inbp Al- m-cn-bmb hnπ-h-im-cn-i-fp-ss-ta-ep hnpb-øns coxn-bn-emwv AXv ]d-b-s - n-cn- p- Xv (13). 14:19 28 sszh-øns ZqX ({InkvXp, N -bv pth n \ymbm. 6 t\m p-i). an{k-bo-ay-cy \n pw bn{ktb P\sØ kwc- n- p- -Xn-\p-th n tal-kvxw- `ambn Ah-cpsS ]n `m-køv \n p. Cu tal-kvxw`w bn{k-tb-en-t\m-sp _ -Øn {]Im-i-ambpw an{kbo-aysc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Ccp-fmbpw Xo p. sn - S c mbn hn`-pn- p-hm-\p tamsi-bpss B bn sh Øns c p-a-xn-ep-iƒ, Ahbv p \Sp-hneqsS DW-ßnb Hcp ]mx-tbm-sp-iqss cq]-s p h p. bn{km-tb P\w AXn-eqsS kpc- n-x-cmbn IS- pt]m-bn, F m ^d-thms ssk\yw Ahsc ]n Xp- S-cp-hm {ian- -t mƒ btlmh Ah-cpsS ssk\ysø Xmdp-am-dm- n. Ah-cpsS cy-n-{i-ßsf sx n- p, Hm w {]bm-k-am- n-øo Øp. Ah p ]n hm-ßp-hm Ignbpw-ap- t] tamsi-bpss Iev]-\-{]-Imcw kap{zw Ahsc aqsn- -f- p. Ah-cn Hcp-Ø t]mepw tijn- n-. sszh-ln-x-{]-imcw \mw apt -dp-tºmƒ Akm-[y-amb Imcy-ßƒ snøp-hm sn -S hn`m-kn Cu hnizmkw \sω {]m]vx-cm- p- p. 14:29 31 ]g-b-\n-a-b-øn sszhn-i-i- n-bpss G hpw henb {]Z i-\-am-bn- mwv sn -S IS- p- Xv {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - n-cn- p- -Xv. F m {InkvXp-hns\ acn- -h-cp-ss-bn-s-bn \n pw Dbn n i n-bmwv F me-søbpw G hpw henb i n. C. tamsi-bpss ]m v (15:1 21) c -Øm-ep hos -Sp- n-s\- p-dn p s]kl ]dbp- -Xp-t]m-se, i n-bm-ep hos -Sp- n-s\- p-dn p sn -S ]d-bp- p. tij-ap- -Xns\ tamsi-bpss ]m v {]Io Øn- p- p. tum. F v.-kn.-hp-uvdnßv AXp-Xm-sg- ]-dbpw {]Im-c-amWv kqnn- n- n-cn- p- Xv (14). apj-hpc (hm. 1) btlm-h-bpss hnpbw `mkw H v (hm. 2,3) btlmh Bcm-Ip- p, _ew, KoXw, c `mkw c v (hm. 4 13) btlmh snbvxxv: i{xp- fm-bn-cp- -h-cp-ss-ta Pbw-sIm- m-sn, Xs P\sØ an{k-bo-an \n p hnsp-hn p `mkw aq v (hm. 14-18) btlmh snøp-hm t]mip- -Xv. hcp-hm-\p i{xp- -fp-ss-ta-ep Pbw; Xs P\sØ AhcpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn-te p sim p-h-cp p D]-kw-lmcw (hm.19) an{k-bo-ans ]cm-p-bhpw bn{km-tb-ens hnsp-xepw XΩn-ep Xmc-X-ay-]-Taw ancym-an-s bpw a p kv{xoi-fp-ssbpw {]Xn-Km\ {]XnI-cWw (hm. 20,21) GI-tZiw aq p \q m- p-iƒ- p-apºv Cw ojv hymjym-xm-hm-bn-cp amxyp sl {Sn Cu al-ømb Bflob k o Ø-\-sØ- p-dn- p

98 ]pd- msv 15,16 Xs A`n-\-µ-\hpw [mc-wbpw Xmsg-]-dbpw {]Imcw {]I-Sn- n- n- p- v. Cu KoXsØ am\n- p-sim v {]kvxm-hn- p-hm \ap v CS-bm-I-s. ImcWw (1) \ap v Adn-bm-hp- - Xn h v G hpw ]pcm-x-\-am-sbmcp k o Ø-\-am-Wn- Xv. (2) cn\ hfsc {]iw-k-\o-b-am-b-xv, Db \nehm-c-ap- Xpw D ze-am-b-xp-amb cn-\m-co-xn, DNn-Xhpw ssnx-\y-ap- -Xp-amb cq]-i-ev]-\, samø-øn hfsc lrz-b-kv]r- mb Hcp KoXw. (3) CXv ]cn-]m-h-\-amb Hcp k o Ø-\-am-Wv. sszh-øns amlm-fly-øn-\pth n ka - n- -s - Xpw Xs \masø Db Øp-hm C n- p-sim- v, Xs kvxpxnsb {]Io Øn- p- Xpw GsXmcp a\p-jy\pw H pwxs ] -Xo-I-cn-t Bh-iy-an- møpw Xt -Xp-am-{Xhp-amb H m-wn-xv. sszh-tøm-sp _ -Øn D m-bn-cn-t hnip n CXn ap{zww snø-s - n-cn- p- p. CXp ]msp- -Xn-eqsS Ah Ah\v {ih-w-kpjw ]I p. (4) CXp amxr- Im-]-c-amb Hcp k o Ø-\-am-Wv. sn -S XocØp CXp ]msn-b-xp-t]m-se, ]fp- p-i-s Xo-cØv ]msn-b-xmbn ]d-b-s -Sp tami-bp-ssbpw Ip m-sn-s bpw KoX- Øn (sh-fn.15:2,3) Xs i{xp- -fpss A[x-]-X-\-Ønep kphn-ti-j-k`-bpss hnpbw {]I-S-am- -s - n-cn- p- p (15). VIII.ko\m-bn-te- p bm{x (15:22 18:27) A. iq acp-`qan (15:22 27) sn -S Xoc-Øp-\n pw ko\mbn ] -X-Øn-te- p bm{xm-hn-h-c-w-ßƒ Bcw-`n- p- Xv 22- mw hmiy- Øn \n- p-am-wv. F m-e-søbpw hnizm-kn-iƒ p Bflob ]mt-ß-fm \nd-b-s - -XmWv Hmtcm Im hbv]pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Ibv]v F -ap amdm, Pohn-X-Ønse Ibvt]-dnb A\p-`-h-ß-sf-bmWv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. Pohn-X-Ønse Ibv]p-\n-d hnj-b-ßsf am[p-cy-ap- -Xm n Xo p Im h-dn-bmwv B acsa v A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. ""\ns kujy-am- p btlmhbmbn'' (b-tlmh tdmt^- ) sszhw Xs - Øs shfn-s -Sp-Øn. an{k-bo-aysc IjvS-s -Sp-Ønb F m _m[-i-fn \n pw bn{km-tb-ens\ hnsp-h- p-sa- v sszhw hmkvzxzw snbvxp. sh -ap ]{ - p-in- W-dp-Ifpw Fgp-]Xp CuØ- -\-Ifpw Feow kqnn- n- p- -Xv, {Iqin-\p- -h-cmbn Xo p Ign-bp-tºmƒ \ap p e`n- p hn{i-ahpw ]pxp-_-e-hp-am-wv. B. ko acp`qan (A. 16) 16:1 19 sx p-in-g- mbn bm{x-snbvxp B P\w ko acp-`q-an-bn FØn (16). Ahn-sS-h v Ah ` - W-an- m-øxn-s\-s m n ]ndp-]n-dp- p-i-bpw, -W-tØmsSm- -ap- m-bn-cp `bm-\-i-amb ASn-aXzw ad- -h-sct mse an{k-bo-anse ` -W-tam Øp ZpxJn- p-ibpw snbvxp. sship-t cw [mcmfw ImS- - n-ifpw {]`m- X-Øn a bpw \evin-s m- mwv sszhw Icp-WtbmsS Ah-tcmSp {]Xn-I-cn- -Xv. ImS- - n-isf c p {]mhiyw am{xta \evin-bp- p. Chn-sSbpw kwjy. 11:31 epam-w-xv, F m a XpS am-\-ambn \evin-s m- ncp- p. "a ' F -Xns A w "CsX v'? F mwv. sszhw A p-x-i-c-amb hn[-øn \evinb ` -W-ambn-cp p AXv, {]IrXn ]c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn AXp hni-z-am- p-hm {ian- m hnp-bn- p-i-bn-. a sndp- Xpw, h -Øn-ep- -Xpw, shfp-ø-\n-d-ap- -Xpw, a[p-c-ap- - Xp-am-bn-cp- p. (hm. 31). AXv sszh-øn- \n p A -amb {InkvXp-hns (tbm-l. 6:48 31) Xmgva-tbbpw, ]q Æ-X-tb-bpw, hnip- n-tb-bpw, am[p-cy-sø-bp-amwv ImWn- p- -Xv. {]`m-x-ønse a n-t\m-sp _ -Ønem-bn-cp p AXp h n-cp- -Xv. \ΩpsS Bflm- ƒ pth n {InkvXp-hns ip{iqj snøp ]cn-ip- m-flmhn-s\-bmwxv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. Bsfm- n\p CS-ßgn hoxw s]dp- p-hm-\m-bn-cp p bn{k-tb a ƒ v A\phm-Zw. IqSp-X s]dp- ntbm Ipdhp s]dp- ntbm F Xp hnj-b-a-. Afhp t\m p-tºmƒ Hcp CS-ßgn am{xta ImWp-I-bp- p. Ah v Bh-iy-Øn-\p- Xv Ft m-gp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. Hcn- epw A[nIw h n-. Xs P\-Øns F m Bh-iy-ßfpw \nd-th- p-hm-\p {InkvXp-hns ]cym-]vx-x-sb-bmwv CXp kqnn- n- p- -Xv,. Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn- p- -hsc {InkvXp-hn-ep- -h klm-bn- p-tºmƒ AXns ^ew t\sn- -gn p (2-sImcn. 8:15). a cmhnse Xs s]dp- n-sb-sp- -W-am-bncp- p. ImcWw shbn aq p-tºmƒ AXp Dcp-In-t m- Ip-am-bn-cp- p. AXp-t]mse Zn\w-tXmdpw Pohn-X-`m-c-ßfm \mw srcp- -s -Sp- -Xn\p apºp-x-s, Hmtcm Znhk-Øn-s bpw Bcw`-Øn \sω {InkvXp-hn- `cta-ev]n- -Ww. a Znh-tk\ tij-cn- -W-am-bn-cp- p, AXp-t]mse \mapw Zn\w-tXmdpw {InkvXp-hn- \n p {]m]n- -Ww. BgvN-bn BZysØ Bdp Znh-k-ßfnepw AXp tij-cn- -W-am-bn-cp- p. F m- GgmasØ Znhkw H pw \evin-bn-cp- n-. 16:20 31 Bdm-asØ Znhkw i Øp XcWw snøphm th n a p Znh-k-ß-fn tij-cn- n-cp- -Xns Cc n tij-cn- p-hm P\-tØmSp Iev]n- p. at -sx- nepw Znh-k-am-bn-cp p Ah tijn- n- n-cp- -sx- n AXp Iran p \mdp-am-bn-cp- p. a ""simøm-º-e-cn-t]msebpw, sh \nd-ap- -Xpw, tx Iq- nb tzmi-tbmssmø cpnn-bp- Xpw Bbn-cp p.'' AXp Npt m ]miwsnbvtxm Ign- m-am-bn-cp- p. i -Øp-Zn-hkw AXp tij-cn- p-hm t]mb-hsc tami imkn- p. 16:32 34 ]n meøv \nb-a-s - -I-Øn shbvt - -Xn-\mbn a m-bn Ipd v Hcp s]m ]m-{x-øn-en v Hm Ω-bv mbn kq n- p (F-{_m. 9:4). krjvsn-tbm-sp _ -Øn- Ggmw Znhkw sszhw hn{i-an- p (D-ev]. 2:2). F m B kabw A{]-Imcw snøp-hm sszhw a\p-jy-t\msp Bh-iy-s - n-. ]t Ct mƒ bn{kmtb a ƒ v i -Øns \nbaw sszhw \evin. ]n o-sxv ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-fn H mbn Xo p (20:9 11). ko\mbn ] - -X-Øn h v bn{km-tb-ep-ambn snbvx DS-º-Sn-bpsS AS-bm-f-am-bn-cp p AXv (31:13). IqSmsX

]pd- msv 16,17,18 99 an{k-boay ASn-a-Ø-Øn \n p-ap Ah-cpsS hnsp-xens BgvN-tXm-dp-ap Hcp Hm Ω-bp-am-bn-cp p AXv (B-h. 5:15). PmXn-I-tfmSv Hcn- epw i Øp BN-cn- p-hm Bh-iy-s - n- n-. ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-øn k`tbm- Sp _ -Øn, [m Ωn-I-X-bpsS D]-tZ-i-ß-fmbn ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-fn H ]-sx-æhpw Bh Øn- n- p- v. i -Øm-N-cWw kw_- n- p \nb-aw-am{xw Bh Øn- -s - n- n-., F n-cp- mepw GXp PmXn-bn s] a\p-jysc kw_- n pw Ggn Hcp Znhkw hn{iaw F s]mxp-hmb Hcp XXz-ap v. {InkvXym- Isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw I Ør-Zn-h-k-amb BgvNbnse H masø Znh-k-am-WnXv \nb-am-\p-kr-x-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns Znh-k-a AXv adn v, sszh-ir-]- bm-ep hnti-j`m-ky-øns Znh-k-am-WXv., atx-x-camb {]hr-øn-i-fn \n pw kzx-{ -cm- -s v sszhn- I-ip-{iq-jbv pw Bcm-[-\-bv pw-th n \sω ]q Æambpw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp-hm Cu Znhkw \ap p Ignbp- p. \nb-a-s - -IsØ A -am- p "km y-k- n- [n' AXp \ne-hn hcp- -Xn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs ChnsS {]Xn- ]m-zn- -s - n-cn- p- p. apºp kqnn- n- -s \nbaw kw_- n- p Hcp hni-zo-i-c-w-am-wn-xv. ] m-øesø B{i-bn v "km y-k- n[nbv v' ]Øp-I-ev]-\- I-fpsS A -hp-am-imw. 16:35,36 bn{km-tb P\w acp`q-an-bn Dg-ep kab-sø- p-dn p Hcp {]h-n-\-amwv \mev]xp kwh- cw a m ` n- p- -Xn-t\m-Sp _ -Øn ChnsS {]kvxm-hn- -s - n-cn- p- -Xv. Ah Kn Km-en AXmbXv tihew I\m tz-i-øns AXn-cn-,F-Øn-bt mƒ a m \n p-t]mbn (tbm-ip. 5:12). C. c^ozow (A. 17) 17:1 7 c^o-znan sh -an- m-xn-cp- -Xn-\m P\w tamsi-tbmsp Ie-ln- p. At mƒ tlmtc_v (\n \ {]tz-iw) F -dn-b-s -Sp s]mxp-ÿ-ew-hsc apt m p bm{x-sn-bvxp. Xs hsn-sim v ]mdsb ASn- p-hm btlmh tamsibv v \n t±iw \evin. Ah A{]- Imcw snbvx-t mƒ ]md-bn \n pw sh w ]pd-s - p. {InkvXp Im h-dn-bn Zfin- -s -Sp- -Xns ^e-ambn s] -t m-kvxp-\m-fn \evi-s ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn-s\- bmwv AXp Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xv. sszhsø ]co- n B ÿew a m ({]-tem`\w AYhm ]co- ) Bbn-cp- p. Ah tamsi-tbmsp Ie-ln- -ÿew saco_ (A- [n-t ]w AYhm Ie-lw) Bbn-cp- p. 17:8 16 tbmiph (b-tlmh Fs c ) BZy-ambn cwk-tø- p-h-cp- Xv Chn-sS-b-Wv. tamsi-bpss Zmk- \mb tbmiph c^o-zn-an h v Aam-te-Iy-tcmSp bp w snbvxp. sszhm-{i-b-ønepw a y-ÿ-x-bnepw tamsi ssi Db Øn-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ bn{km-tb-en\p Pb-hpw, tamsi ssi XmgvØn-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ Aam-te-Iy {]_- e-cm-bn-øo-cp-ibpw snøp-am-bn-cp- p. Gim-hns hwi- P-cn Aam-te-Iy PU-Øns Hcp {]Xn-cq-]-amWv. a\pjys ZpjvS-X, Zpcm-Nm-cw, BZm-ay-kz`mhw F n-h-bm- W-Xv. PUhpw Aam-te pw XΩn-ep km-zr-iy-ßƒ t\m pi (1) am\-km- -c-tøm-s-\p-_- n v ]cn-ip- mflmhv \evi-s -Sp- -Xn-\p-tijw Bflm-hn-t\mSp t]mcm- Sp-hm CXp kzbw {]Xy- -s -Sp p (2) Xe-apd Xeap-d-tbmfw sszh-øn\p PU-h-p-ambn bp -ap- m-bn-cn pw (3) acww AYhm k`-bpss D {]m-]-ww-hsc hnizmkn-bn \n pw AXv thtcmsv ]ngpxp If-bp-hm km ya (4) PU-Øn-s -ta Pbw {]m]n- m-\p c p \n ±njvs-am -ßƒ {]m -\bpw sszh-h-n-\hpam-wv. ]pcm-x\ blqz Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb tbmko-^-kns A`n-{]m-b-Øn, tamsi-bpss ktlm-z-cn-bmb ancymans ` Øm-hm-bn-cp p lq. ]n o-sv tamsi ko\mbn ] X-Øn-em-bn-cp- -t mƒ P\-Øns ta t\m w hln- p-hm-\mbn Al-tcm-t\m-sSm w Ab-bv -s - Xv Cu lq Bbn-cp p (24:14). btlmh Fs simsn (b-tlmh \n n) F p- Xv btlmhbpss Hcp kwbp- -\m-a-am-wv. D. tamsibpw bnt{xmbpw (A. 18) 18:1 12 18- -mw A ymbw ]pd- msp ]pkvx-i-øns kv]jvs-amb Hcp hn`p\w kqnn- n- p- p,. {InkvXphns Ah-X-c-Ww, ac-ww, ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns\ \evi F n-hsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p a, ASn -s - -]m-d, \ocp-dh F n-h-sb- p-dn- m-bn-cp p \mw CXp-h-scbpw a\- n-em- n-bn-cp- -Xv. F m Ct mƒ {InkvXp-hn hcp-hm-\n-cn- p al-xz-øns ap kv^pcww \mw A\p`-hn- p- -Xmbn ImWs -Sp- p. `qa-fi-e-øn-t `cww \S-Øp {InkvXp-hn\p \ng-emwv tamsi. IqSmsX Xs ]p{x- m-cm {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- -s -Sp blq-z- m, bnt{xm-hn-\m Nn{Xo-I-cn- -s -Sp PmXnIƒ, tamsi-bpss PmXob h[p-hmb knt md \ngem-bn-cn- p k` F n-h-tcbpw \mw ImWp- p. Chsc mw kl-{km_vz hmgvn-bnse A\p-{K-l-ßƒ A\p- `-hn- p- -h-cm-wv. blq-z- mcpw PmXnIfpw AXnse {]P- I-fmbpw k` {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS `cww \S-Øp- h-cmbpw Ccn- pw. Ime-K-W-\-{I-a-{]-Im-c-a ChnsS kw`-h-ßƒ hnhcn- n-cn- p- p-xv. ko\mbn ] -X-Øn h v tamsi-bpss ASpØv bnt{xm hcp- -Xmbn 5 mw hmiy-øn {]Xn- ]m-zn- -s - n-cn- p- p. F m 19:2 hsc bn{km-tb a- ƒ ko\mbn ] -X-Øn- FØn-bn-cp- n-. btlm h-bp-am-bp A`n-ap-Jw, \nbaw \evi F n-h-tbm- Sp _ -Øn `wk-an- mø Hcp CS-]m-Sn-\p-th n ]mx sxfn-bn- p-hm-\mwv Cu k o-i-c-iww F p Hcp hymjym-xmhv A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. tamsi an{k-boan-te p as-ßn-t m-b-t mƒ Hcp-]s Xs `mcysbbpw ]p{x- msc c p-t]-scbpw anzym-\n Xs hnt p t]mbn-cp- n-cn- mw. Ct mƒ bnt{xm, knt m-dtbbw sk timw, Feym-km (sszhw Fs klmbw) F n-h-scbpw kt m-j-i-c-amb Hcp ]p\x-k-am-ka-\-øn-\p-th n sim p-h-cn-i-bmwv GI-k-Xy-ssZ-h-

100 ]pd- msv 18,19 Øn- -te v a\w Xncn Hcp-h-\m-bn- mwv ChnsS bnt{xm ImW-s -Sp- -Xv. F m Ah t\c-sø- Xs btlm-hsb Bcm-[n- p- -h-\m-bn-cp- p-sh v Nne ]fin-x- m hniz-kn- p- p. 18:13-27 P\-ßsf \ymb-]m-e\w snøp Xnt\m-Sp _ -Øn, tami-bv v \nc-h[n I Ø-hy-ßƒ Ds p I bnt{xm, Xs klm-b-øn-\mbn sszh- ` - mcpw, kxy-hm- m-cpw, Zpcm-Zmbw shdp- p- -h-cpamb {]m]vxn-bp ]pcp-j- msc Xnc-s -Sp- p-hm Xs acp-a-is\ D]-tZ-in- p. bnt{xmbpss A`n-{]m-b- Øn Bbncw t] p A[n-]-Xn-bmbh\pw, \qdpt] p A[n-]-Xn-b-b-h-\pw, Aº-Xp-t] p A[n-]-Xnbm-b-h-\pw, ]Øp-t] p A[n-]-Xn-bm-b-h\pw Dƒs - n-cp- p. CXv tami-bpss taep `mcw Ipd-bv p-ibpw X qew Imcy-ßƒ Ffp- -Øn ssiim-cyw snøp-hm km[n- p-ibpw snøpw. bnt{xm-bpss D]-tZiw sszho- I-ambn \evi-s - -Xm-bn-cp- p-sh- mwv Nne Nn n- p- -Xv, AXv a p- -h-cp-ss-ta A[n-Im-c-ap ka cmb {]Xn-\n[n kwlsø D m-ln- n- p. Fß-s\-bmbn-cp- mepw I Ø-hy-ßƒ \n -ln- p-hm-\p Ir] simsp- m-sx sszhw Hcp-hs\ AtX-ev]n- -bn-s - mwv a p- -h \sω Hm Ωn n- p- -Xv., Cu kabwhsc sszhw Hcp CS-\n-e- m-cs\ D]-tbm-Kn- m-sx-bmwv Hcph Xs kplr-øn-t\msp kwkm-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse tamsi-tbmsp kwkm-cn- p-sim- n-cp- -Xv. AXp-sIm v sszhw a p {Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ Hcp- p- -Xp-hsc tamsi Xs AXp XpS-c-W-am-bn-cp- p. IX. \nbaw simsp- (A. 19-24) A. shfn-s -Sp-Ø-en-\m-bp Hcp w (A. 19) 19:1 9 bn{km-tb a- ƒ Ct mƒ ko\m-bn-] -X- Øn FØn-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. ]pd- msv ]pkvx-i-øns _m n-`m-k-hpw, tehy ]pkvxiw apgp-h-\pw, kwjym-]pkvx-i-ønse BZysØ H ]Xv A ym-b-ß-fnepw ChnsS h p \S kw`h-ß-fmwv tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. BZmw apx Cu ka-bw-hsc sszh-øn- \n p t\cn p \nb-a-ßƒ e`n- n-cp- n-. Xs P\tØmSp sszh-øns CS-]mSv apjy-ambpw Ir]-bm-em-bn-cp- p. F m Ct mƒ \n_- -\-I-tfmSp IqSnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS Hcp \nbaw Xm Ah p hmkvzm\w snbvxp. BIbm \nßƒ Fs hm p ti -\p-k-cn- p-ibpw Fs \nbaw {]am-wn- bpw snbvxm \nßƒ F\n p kie PmXn-I-fn-epw-h v {]txyi kº-øm-bn-cn- pw...- \n-ßƒ F\n p ]ptcm-lnx cmp-xzhpw hnip- -P-\hpw BIpw. Ah A\p-k-cn- p-sa- n Ah A\p-{K-ln- pw. Xß-fpsS ]m]m-h-ÿbpw \n -lm-bm-h-ÿbpw a\- n-em- msx P\w DS-\Sn kω-xn- p. Un.-F.-aq-UnbpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn. btlmh Iev]n- -sxm-s bpw Rßƒ snøpw \n `-b-øn-s bpw Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øn-s bpw `mj. s]m p-sim- p Imf- p- n, s]m nb Iev]-e-Iƒ, Ah- K-Wn- -s \nb-a-im-k-\w, Is -dn-b-s ZqXp-hm-l- I, \ntj[n- -s v {Iqin- -s {InkvXp F nh a\pjys A\m-Z-cn- -s {]Xn- -I-fpsS apjy-sx-fn-hp- I-fmWv (17). bpk-ßƒ a\p-jy-h -hp-am-bp, {]txy-im Xs Xnc-s - Sp- s PmXn-bmb bn{km-tb-ep-am-bp sszhni CS- ]m-sp-i-fpss Ncn-{X-Øn\v ChnsS hfsc {][m-\-s Hcp CS-thf D v. Chn-sS-bpw as -hn-ss-bm-bmepw am\pjoi CS-]m-Sp-Isf sszhni \nb-{ -W-Øn sim ph-cp- Xp kw_- n- p am w kqnn- n- p- Xv bpkß-fn-ep AYhm `c-w-øn-ep Hcp hyxn-bm-\-am-wv. bpk-ß-sfbpw thz-hm-iy-ß-sfbpw XΩn tbmpn- n- p- -Xns\ th Xn-cn- -dn-bpi F v AK-Ãn Hcn- ]d- n- p- v. sszhw a\p-jy-n-cn-{xsø bpk-ßfm-bn Xncn- p. bpk-ßƒ krjvsn- -s - -h-\m Xs (F- {_m. 1:2, dnsshkvuv ]cn-`m-j-bpss am Pn-\n simsp- Øn-cn- p- -Xv). Cu bpk-ßƒ heptxm sndptxm BImw. Ahsb th Xn-cn- p- -sxt m AX AXns Ime-]-cn-[n, adn v Ah-bn sszhw a\p-jyh -tømsv CS-s]-Sp coxn-bm-wv. sszhw X n Xs Hcn- epw am ap- -h-\-, ]t Ahs ] -Xn-Iƒ v am -ap- v. hyxy-kvx-ime-ß-fn Ah a\p-jy-cp-am-bp Xs CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ \n -ln- p coxn-sb-bmwv \mw bpk-ßƒ F p hnfn- p- -Xv. kmt -Xn-I-ambn Hcp \S-Øn- n\v Hcp bpkw F A -an-, t\sc-a-dn v AsXmcp `c-ww, ta t\m- w, Hcp B, As - n Hcp Bbhyb-`cWw BWv. (B-b-hy-b-`cWw F \ΩpsS Cu hm v \S-Øn v AYhm `cww F -Xn\p ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-{ko p ]Zamb Hbvs m-\n-am-bn (oikonomia) \n p-amwv hcp- -Xv). F m Ime-sØ- p-dn p Nn n- m-sx bpkß-sf- p-dn p Nn n- phm {]bm-k-am-wv. DZm-l-c-Wam-bn-, Ata-cn- `c-w-iq-s-øns Ncn{Xw `c-w-ßfmbn hn`-pn- -s - p-sim- n-cn- p- p. AXn-s\- p-dn p \mw si UnbpsS As - n _pjns Ime-L w F p ]d-bp- p. B {]kn-u p-am A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp- -t mƒ `c-w-k-{º-zmbw \nb-{ n- -s coxn-bmwv Xo -bmbpw \mw A -am- p- -Xv. Ah ]n Xp-S X{ -ß-fmWv {][m-\-s hnj-bw. F m \mw B `cw X{ -ßsf A\n-hm-cy-sa \ne-bn Hcp {]txyi Ime-b-f-hp-ambn _ n- n- p- p. Ncn-{X-Ønse GsX- nepw Hcp Ime-L- -Øn, sszhw P\ßfp-ambn CS-s] coxn-bmbn \mw bpk-ßsf Nn n- p- Xv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. sszh-øns bpk-]-c-amb CS-]m-Sp-Isf Hcp `h\w \S-Øp coxn-bp-ambn Xmc- Xayw snøp-hm Ign-t - mw. `h-\-øn `mcym ` Øm- - m am{xta Ds - n GXm\pw Nne Imcy- ]-cn-]m-sn-iƒam{xw Ahn-sS \S-Ø-s -Sp- p. F m AhnsS {]mbw-ip-d Ip n-iƒ Ds - n samø-

]pd- msv 19 101 Øn ]pxnb Nne ] -Xn-Iƒ \S- n-em- p- p. Ip n- Iƒ v {]mb-am-ip- txmss ho p-im-cy-ßƒ ]ns bpw hyxy-kvx-amb \ne-bn ssiimcyw snø-s -Sp- p. a\pjy-h -tøm-sp sszhni CS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw CtX amxr- I-X-s -bmwv \ap p ImWp-hm km[n- p- Xv (Kem. 4:1 5). DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ibo Xs ktlm-z-c-\mb lmt_- ens\ sim -t mƒ, Ahs\ ImWp- hcmcpw Ahs\ sim m-xn-cn-t - -Xn\v sszhw Ah-s -ta Hcp ASbmfw h p (D-ev]. 4:15). F nepw Pe-{]-f-b-Øn-\p-tijw Bsc- nepw a\p-jys c w snmcn-bn- m Ahs c w a\p-jy snmcn-bn pw F p Iev]n- p-sim v sszhw h[-in ÿm]n- p. bpk-ß-fn-ep am -a-\pk-cn- mwv hyxym-kw. k o. 137:8,9 hmiy-ß-fmwv as m-cp-zm-l-c-ww. AhnsS Fgp-Øp-Im-c _m_n-tem-wn-t hcp cq -amb \ymb-hn-[n-sb- p-dn v Blzm\w snøp p: \miw ASp-Øn-cn- p _mt_ ]p{xn-tb, \o RßtfmSp snbvx-xp-t]mse \nt msp snøp- -h `mky-hm, \ns Ip p-ßsf ]nsn p ]md-ta ASn- p-i-f-bp- -h `mky-hm. hf-sc- m-e-ßƒ p-ti-jw I Ømhv Xs P\sØ ]Tn- n- Xv \nß-fpss i{xp- sf kvt\ln- n, \nßsf D]-{Z-hn- p- -h p-th n {]m n- n (a-øm. 5:44). \ymb-{]-am-w-øn-\-[o-[-ambn Pohn- p k o Ø- \- m-c-t\m-sp _ -Øn A\p-tbm-Py-amb `mj, Ir]-bv -[o-\-cmbn Pohn- p {InkvXym-\nsb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Hcn- epw A\p-tbm-Py-a F p Imcyw ChnsS kv]jvs-ambn ImW-s -Sp- p. tehy.11- mw A ym-b-øn Nne ` -W-km-[-\-ßƒ Aip- -ambn \ma-\n t±iw snø-s - n- p- v. F m a s m. 7:19b bn kie t`mpy-ßfpw ip n-bp- -Xmbn- mwv tbip {]Jym-]n- n-cn- p- -Xv. A\y-Pm-Xn- m-cmb `mcy-am-scbpw a -sfbpw Dt]- n- p-hm F{_m. 10:3 blq-z- m-tcmsp ]d- t mƒ ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-øn hnizm-kn-i-tfmsv Ahsc Dt]- n- -cp-sx v \n t±-in- n-cn- p p (sim-cn. 7:12 16). \ymb-{]-am-w-{]-imcw alm-]p-tcm-ln-x\p am{xta sszh-k- n-[n-bn {]th-in- p-hm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- p p (F-{_m. 9:7) F m Ir]-bv -[o-\-cm-bn-cn- p hnizm-kn-isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw F mh pw AXn-]-cn-ip- -ÿ-eøp {]th-i-\-ap v (F-{_m. 10:19 22). Cu am -ßƒ hy -ambn kqnn- n- p- Xv bpkßƒ v am -ap- m-bn-s m- n-cn- p- p-sh mwv. F m {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw bpk-ß-fpss FÆw, Ahbv p \evi-s -Sp t]cp-iƒ F nh AwKo-I-cn- p- n-. F m Xmsg-]-d-bpw-{]Imcw bpk-ß-fpss AkvXnXzw \ap p sxfn-bn- p-hm Ign-bpw. H m-a- Xmbn c p bpk-ß-sf- nepw Ipd- -] w D v. \ymb- {]-am-whpw Ir]bpw \ymb-{]-amww tamsi apjm- cw e`n- p. Ir]bpw kxyhpw tbip-{inkvxp apjm- cw h p (tbm-l. 1:17). \ΩpsS thz-]p-kvxiw ]g-b-\n-baw, ]pxn-b-\n-baw F n-ßs\ hn`pn- -s - n-cn- p bmym yw kqnn- n- p- -Xv, bpk-ß-fn kw`-hn- ncn- p Hcp am -sø-bm-wv. Cu Ime-L- -Øn-ep hnizm-kn-iƒ ark-ßsf bmkw Ign-t Bh-iy-an F p hkvxp-x-bm IqSp-X sxfnhv \evis - ncn- p- p. sszhw ]pxn-sbmcp N w Bhn-jv -cn- n-cn- p p F mwv CXpw kqnn- n- p- -Xv. ]g-b-]p-xnb \nb-a-ßƒ XΩn-ep Cu {][m\ ]nf v ImWp-hm GsX- nepw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]cm-p-b-s -Sp-sa p txm p- n-. F m c p bpk-ßƒ Ds p \mw kω-xn- p- I-bm-sW- n, aqs -Æ-ap-s p hniz-kn- p-hm \mw \n _- n-x-cmbn Xocp- p, ImcWw \ymb-{]-am-whpw ]pd. 19 h-sc AXm-bXv krjvsn pw \qdp IW- n\p h j-ßƒ p-ti-jhpw \S- n-em- -s - n-cp- n-. AXpsIm v \ymb-{]-am-w-øn-\p-apºv Ipd- -] w Hcp bpk-sa- nepw D m-bn-cp- n-cn- Ww (tdm-a. 5:14ImWp- I). Aßs\ aq p bpk-ßƒ D m-ip- p. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ \mem-a-sxmcp bpk-sø-bpw AwKo-I-cn- p-hm \ap p Ign-tb-Ww, ImcWw hcphm-\p temisø pdn- p-th-z-hm-iy-ßƒ kqnn- n- p p (F-{_m. 6:5). I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxp `qanbn `cww \S-Øp-hm as-ßn-h-cp ka-b-am-wn-xv. kl-{km-_vz-hm-gvn-sb pw CX-dn-b-s -Sp- p. Ct m-gp temi-søbpw hcp-hm-\p temisøbpw XΩn ]utemkpw th Xn-cn- p- p. k`, kphn-ti-j-kxyw F n-h-tbm-sp _ -Øn X n `c-ta-ev]n- -s - n-cn- p Hcp \S-Øn- n-s\- p-dn- mwv Xm BZyw kwkm-cn- p- Xv (1-sIm-cn. 9:17; Fs^. 3:2; simsem. 1:25). AXmWv Ct m-gp temiw. F m AXn-\p-tijw Ime-k-ºq Æ-X-bnse hyh-ÿ-bv m-bnsim- p-xs F p {]kvxm-hn- p- -Xn-eqsS hcp-hm- \p Hcp temi-sø- p-dn pw Xm kqnn- n- p p (Fs^. 1:10). AXn-s\- p-dn- p Xs h Æ-\-bn \n pw AXp CXp-hscbpw h n- n F pw hy -am-wv. AXp-sIm v temi-n-cn-{x-øns Ah-km\ bpk- Øn-e \mw Pohn- p- Xv F v \ap- -dn-bmw. tum. kn.-sf. kvtim^o Uv Ggp bpk-ß-fpss ] ni \evip- p. AXp Xmsg- -d-bpw-{]-im-c-am-wv. 1. \njv]m]bpkw (D-ev]. 1:28) BZm-ans krjvsn apx Ahs hogvn-hsc 2. a\- m- n-bpkw AYhm [m Ωn-I-D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-ØbpKw (D-ev]., 3:7) hogvn-ap-x Pe-{]-fbw

102 ]pd- msv 19 Ah-km-\n- p- -Xp-hsc 3. am\p-jn-i -`-c-w-bpkw (D-ev]. 8:15) Pe-{]-fbw Ah-km-\n- Xp-ap-X A{_-lm-ans hnfn hsc 4. hmkvz-ø-bpkw (D-ev]. 12:1) -A{_-lmans hnfn apx \ymb-{]-amww \evip- -Xp-hsc 5. \ymb-{]-am-w-bpkw (]p-d. 19:1) Iev]-\-Iƒ \evis - -Xp-ap-X s]-s -t m-kvxp-\mƒhsc 6. k`mbpkw ({]-hr. 2:!) s] -t m-kvxp-\mƒ apx D {]m-]wwhsc 7. cmp-xz-bpkw (sh-fn. 20:4) Bbncw kwh- -c-imesø {InkvXp-hns `cww (18). Cu IyXy-amb hnh-c-ßƒ AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn- p- Xn {]m[m-\y-an-, F nepw hyxy-kvx-ß-fmb bpkßƒ Ds p Adn- n-cn- p- Xp hfsc klm-b-iam-wv. {]txy-in v \ymb-{]-am-whpw Ir]bpw XΩn-ep hyxym-kw-h-fsc {][m-\-s - -Xm-Wv. A m-ø-] w a p bpk-ß-tfm-sp _ -Øn _m[-i-am-bn-cn- p thz- `m-k-ßƒ \mw FSpØv \tωm-sp _ -Øn {]am- Wo-I-cn- pw. \ap p-th n t\cn p Fgp-X-s - n- p- h am{x-a-, F m Xncp-sh-gpØpw {]tbm-p-\-ap- -Xm-Ip p (2-Xn-sam. 3:16). a p-bp-k-ßsf kw_- n- p thz-`m-kß-fn \ap- p {]tbm-k-ß-fp- v. F m Ah-bpsS {]my-ani hymjym-\w, AXp GXp bpk-tøm-sp _ - Øn Fgp-Xs pthm AXn-\p-th- n-bp- -Xm-Wv. tehy. 11- mw A ym-b-ønse t`mpy-ßsf kw_- n- p \nb-{ -W-ßƒ \mw CXn-t\m-SIw {i n- p-h-t m. C p {InkvXym-\n-Isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Cu hne- p-iƒ _m[-i-a (a s m. 7:18,19). F nepw AXn A eo-\-am-bn-cn- p Bflo-Ihpw [m Ωo- I-hp-amb Aip n \mw Hgn-hm- -W-sa- p XXzw C pw \ne-\n-ev p- p. bn{k-tb a ƒ Xs A\p-k-cn- m Ah v `uxni A`n-hr n \evip-sa v sszhw Ah-tcmSp hmkvzøw snbvxp (B-h. 28:1 6). Cu temi-ønse `uxni A\p-{K-l-ßƒ -bn-cp p A v {]m[m\yw \evin-bn-cp- -Xv. F m C v AXv icn-b-. \ΩpsS A\p-k-c-W-Øn\p {]Xn-^-e-ambn kmº-øo-im-`n-hr n \evim-sa v sszhw Hcn- epw hmkvzm\w snøp- n-. ]Icw kz -ÿ-e-ß-fn-ep Bflo-bm-\p-{K-l-ß-fmWv Cu bpk-ønse A\p-{K-l-ßƒ (F-s^.1:3). Cu bpk-ßƒ XΩn ]e-hn-[-ß-fmb hyxym-k-ßƒ Ds nepw Ch-bn-se mw Hcn- epw am -an- mø Hcp hkvxp-x-bp v, AXv sszh-øn-ep hnizm-k-øm-emwv F m-bvt mgpw km y-am-bn-s m- n-cp- -Xv. F m bpkßsf kw_- n pw Im h-dn-bn {InkvXp ]q Øo-Icn {]hr-ønbmwv c -bpss ASn-ÿm\w (19). sszhw \evinb GXp shfn- m-sm-bn-cp- mepw AXp hniz-kn- p- -Xn-eq-sS-bmWv ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn P\-ßƒ c n- -s - n-cp- -Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn tkm{x-]n-xm-hns k Xn \ -{X-ßƒt]m-se-bmIpw F p sszhw ]d- -t mƒ AXp hniz-kn- -Xn-eq-sS-bmWv A{_lmw c n- -s - Xv (D-ev]. 15:5,6). \q m- p-iƒ p-tijw Im h-dn-bn kw`-hn- p-hm t]mip- -Xn-s\- p-dn p A[n-I-sam pw AYhm H pw-xs A{_-lm-an\p Adnbm-am-bn-cp- p-sh p txm p- n-. F m sszh-øn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp- p. A{_-lmw sszh-øn hniz-kn- t mƒ {InkvXp-hns Im h-dn-bnse `mhn-ime {]hr- Øn-bpsS F m {]tbm-p-\hpw A{_-lm-ans t]cn IW- n- p. Btcm ]d- n- p- -Xp-t]m-se, ]g-b-\n-ba hnip- - m c n- -s - Xv IW- n hc-hp-h-bv -s - Xp sim Wv. AXm-bXv At\-I-h j-ßƒ p-tijw {InkvXp Im h-dn-bn \evip-hm-\n-cn- p hne-bpss ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Ah c n- -s - Xv (tdm-a. 3:25A -am- p- Xv AXm-Wv). 1900 ]cw h jßƒ p-apºv {InkvXp Im h-dn-bn ]q Øo-I-cn {]hr-øn-bpss ^e-am-bn- mwv \mw c n- -s - -Xv. F m Cu c p hnj-b-tøm-sp _ -Øn-epw, I Øm-hn-ep hnizm-k-øm am{x-amwv c km[yam-ip- -Xv. \ymb-{]-am-w-bp-k-øn-em-bn-cp P\-ßƒ c n- s - -Xv, tihew ark-ßsf bmkw Ign- -Xp-sImt m \ymb-{]-amww A\p-k-cn- -Xp-sImt m BsW- p GsXmcp Bi-b-sØbpw \mw kq n- -Ww. \ymb-{]- am-w-øn\p Ip w hn[n- p-hm am{xta Ign-bp-I-bp- p, AXn\p c n- p-hm Ign-bp-I-bn (tdm-a. 3:20). AXpt]mse Imf-I-fp-sSbpw B p-sim- - m-cp-ssbpw c - Øn\p Hscm ]m]-sø-t]mepw \o p-hm Ign-bp-Ibn- (-F-{_m. 10:4). c -bv p sszhni ] Xn hnizmk-am-wv, hnizmkw am{xw (tdm-a. 5:1 ImWp-I). Ct m-gp k`m-bp-k-sø p-dn p CXv Ir]m-b-Kpam-sW \ne-bn \mw kwkm-cn- p-tºmƒ Ign bpk-ß-fn sszhw Ir]m-ep-h- m-bn-cp- p-sh p kqnn- n- -cp-xv. F Xv Hm Øn-cn-t as mcp {][m\ hnjb-am-wv. \nb-am-[n-jvtn-x-ambn P\-ßsf ]cn-tim-[n- p- -Xn-\p-]-Icw Ct mƒ Ir]m-[n-jvTn-X-am-bmWv \n Æbn- p- -sx v \mw tihew A -am- n-bm axn. `n -X-sIm Hmtcm bpk-ßfpw Ah-km-\n- n v c m-a-sxm v IrXy-ambn Bhn-jv -cn- -sx Imcyhpw {]txyiw a\- n-em-t hkvxp-x-bmwv ]e-t mgpw Ahn-sS-sbmcp AXn-{Iaw As n kw{iaw Ime- L w D v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn {]hrønbpss ]pkvx-i- Øn \ap- Xv ImWmw. ]pxnb k`sb kw_- n- n-stømfw apºsø bpk-øns thj`q-j-i-fn NneXv Dt]- n- p-hm ka-b-sa-sp-øp. D {]m-]-w-øn\pw atlm-]-{z-h-im-e-l- -Øn-\panS-bn A[ Ω-aq Øn shfn-s -Sp-I-bpw sbcp-i-te-an Bebw ]Wn-b-s -Sp- Ibpw snøp Hcp Ime-L w D m-bn-cn- p-hm km[yxbp- v. Ah-km-\-amsbmcp hm v. F m \ Imcy-ß-sfbpw

]pd- msv 19,20 103 ko\mbv ] -Xw. AXns tb_ a F simsp-apsnbte p \bn- p Hcp \S- m-x-bn \n p Zriyw. Cu tb_ a (h-e-øv) ]mc-ºcy-ambn IW- m- -s -Sp- p. CXv A m_v Dƒ -S-en\pw sn -S-en\pw a y- Øn-embn ko\mbv D]-Zzo-]ns sx `m-køv ÿnxn-sn-øp- p. t]mse-xs bpk-ß-sf- p-dn- p ]T\hpw Zp hn-\ntbmkw snø-s -Smw. C sø k`-tbm-sp _ - Øn {]mtbm-kn-i-am- n-bn- p- Xv ]usem-kns XShp-te-J-\-ßƒ am{x-am-sw v ]d-bp Xc-Øn-ep ]ca-im-jvt-bn-te v bpk-xzsø B\-bn- p Nne {InkvXym-\n-I-fp- v. XXv^-embn kv\m\tam I Ør-taitbm Ah AwKo-I-cn- p- n (20). ImcWw Ch c pw XShp tej-\-ß-fn ImW-s -Sp- n-. ]s{xmkns kphn-tij ktµiw ]usemkn-t -Xp-t]m-seb F pw Ah ]Tn- n- p p (C-Xns {]Xn-hm-Z-sat mww Kem. 1:8,9 hmbn- p-i). Chsc Nne-t mƒ Aƒ{Sm Unkvs] tk-j-w-enãvk (bp-k-ß-fnse sszh-{]-hr-øn-i-fn AXn-cp-I-S hnizm-k-ap- -h ) Ft m _p n-ß-ssd vkv (E.W. _p n-ß F v Hcp D]-tZ-jvSm-hn\pw t]cp e`n- -tijw At±-l-Øns A\p-bm-bn-Isf hnfn- -t]-cv) Ft m hnfn- n-cp- p. bpkkw-_- -am-bp Ah-cpsS AXn-cp-I-S ImgvN- msv {]Xn-tj-[m-fl-I-am-Wv. 19:10 20 P\-ßƒ hkv{xw Ae- n, ssewkni _ - ß-fn \n pw Hgn-hp- -h-cm-bn-cp v Xß-sf-Øs ip o-i-cn v sszh-øn- \n- p shfn- m-sn-\m-bn Xøm-dm-Ip-hm Iev]n- -s - p. sszh-k- n-[n-bnse hnip- n-bpss Bh-iy-I-X-sb- p-dn v Ahsc ]Tn- n-t - -Xn-\p-th n Hcp- -s - -Xm-bn-cp p CXv. ko\mbv ] Xw Hcp \ntcm-[nx taj-e-bm-bn-cp- p. a\p-jytcm arktam AXn sxm m ac-w-in A\p-`hn- -Wam-bn-cp- p. ewl-is\ ] -X-Øn-te v B\-bn- m-sx, Zqc-Øp-\n v Is -dnt m FbvtXm, sim p-i-f-tb-ww. Iml-f-i_vZw tiƒ p-tºmƒ am{xw Al-tcm\pw tamsibpw ] -X-Øn Ib-dn-s mw (hm. 24). ] Xw apgp-h\pw ]pi-sim- p-aq-sn, CSn-ap-g pw an epw D mbn, AXns ]pi Xo q-f-bnse ]pi-t]mse s]mßn, ] Xw Hs bpw G hpw Ipep-ßn. sszh-sø A`nap-Jo-I-cn- p- -Xn-ep alm`-b-sø-bmwv CsX mw kqnn- n- p- -Xv, {]txy-in v \ymb-{]-amww A\p-imkn- p- -Xns ASnÿm\-Øn. 19:21 25 P\w ] sø sxms-cp-sx tami-tbm-sp ap -dn-bn v sszhw ]ns bpw Bh Øn- p. P\sØ AXv ho pw Hm Ωn- n-t - -Xns Bh-iy-I-X-bns v tamsi BZyw Nn n-s - nepw ]n osp A\p-kcn- p. 22,24 hmiy-ßfn ImW-s -Sp ]ptcm-ln-x- m Hcp-]t BZy-Pm-X- m-cm-imw. B. ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Iƒ (A. 20). ]Øp I-ev]-\-Isf I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxp c p `mk-ß-fmbn Xncn- n-cn- p- p. H n sszh-tøm- Sp kvt\lhpw at -Xn Ab m-c-t\m-sp kvt\lhpw IW- n-se-sp-øn-cn p p (a-øm. 22:37 40). BZysØ \mep Iev]-\-Iƒ sszh-tøm-sp kvt\l sø D]-tZ-in- p-tºmƒ _m n-sb mw IqSn A masø Hcp Iev]-\-bm-sW v Nne A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p- v. \ns sszh-amb btlmh F p {]kvxm-h\ BZysØ A p Iev]-\-I-fnepw ImW-s -Sp p (Cw- ojv ss n-fn ) I. 20:1 3 A\y-ssZ-h-ßƒ D m-i-cp-xv. _lp-ssz-hßsf Bcm-[n- p- -Xn\pw btlm-h-b- msx a p

104 ]pd- msv 20 GsXmcp sszhsø Bcm-[n- p- -Xn\pw FXn-cm-bp Hcp hne- m-wn-xv. II. 20:4-6 hn{k-lsø D m- -cp-xv. hn{k-l-ßsf Bcm- [n- p- Xp am{x-a-, Ah-bpsS \n Ωm-Whpw hne- s - -Xm-Wv. Ah-bn Bcm-[-\-bv m-bp-]-tbm-kn- p Nn{X-ßƒ, cq]-ßƒ, _nw-_-ßƒ F nh Dƒs -Sp- p. F m kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-c-øn simøp-]wn snbvx sicq-_p-iƒ D -Xp-sIm v F m-hn[ Nn{X-ßfpw _nw_-ßfpw Ah-bn Dƒs -Sp- n- F p a\- n-em- mw. Xs -bp-a-, Hcp ]n f k sø D m- p-hm btlmh tamsi-tbmsp ]n osp Iev]n- p-i-bp- mbn (kw-jy. 21:8). tzho-tz-h- m-cpss cq]-ßƒ AYhm Nn{Xß-sf- p-dn- mwv Cu Iev]\ kqnn- n- p- -sx- -Xn kwi-b-an-. sszhw Xo vw-x-bp Hcp sszh-am-wv. AXm-bXv Bcm-[-\bpw Xs P\-Øns kvt\lhpw kw_- n- p XojvW-X. Xs ]si- p- -h-cn ]nxm- - mcpss AIr-Xyw, ]c-º-cm-k-x-amb _e-lo-\-x, Zmcn-{Zyw, tcmkw, Npcp-ßnb Bbp v F n-h-bneqss aq m-asøbpw \mem-a-søbpw Xe-ap-d-hsc a -fp-ss-ta kµ in- p sszh-amwv Xm. F m Xs kvt\ ln p Xs Iev]-\-Isf {]am-wn- p- -h p Bbncw Xe-ap-d-hsc sszhw Zb ImWn- p-ibpw snøp- p. III. 20:7 sszh-øns \maw hrym FSp- p- Xp hne- -s - n-cn- p- p. sx mb Hcp {]kvxm-h\ bym - Øn icn-bm-sw p ImWn- p-hm. sszh-\m-a-øn BW-bn-Sp- -Xn-s\-bmWv CXv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. AXn sszh-\n-µ, i]n-, Ir{Xn-a-ssi-en-bn-ep BW bns, Hcp hmkvzm\w kw_- n v BW-bn- -tijw AXp \nh Øn- p-h Ign-bm-sX-h-cnI F nh Dƒs - SpØphm Ign-bpw. IV 20:8 11 i -Øp-\m-fns\ ip o-i-cn- m Hm. Dev]. 2:1 3 hmiy-ß-fn AXv BZy-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn- s - p, a tij-cn- p- -Xn-t\m-Sp _ Øn (]p-d. 16) B[n-Im-cn-Iambn Bh-iy-s - p, AXn-\p-tijw Ct mƒ I i-\-amb BN-c-W-Øn\v bn{km-tb PmXnbv v Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn \evi-s - n-cn- p- p. kl- {km-_vz-hm-gvn-bn hos -Sp- -s Hcp krjvsn Bkz- Zn- p-hm t]mip- Xpw hnizm-kn-iƒ C v {InkvXphn A\p`-hn- p- -Xp-amb hn{i-a-øns Hcp {]Xn-cq- ]-am-bn-cp p AXv. BgvN-bnse Ggm-asØ Znh-k-amWv i -Øp-Zn-h-kw. sh n-bgvn kqcym-kvx-abw apx i\n-bmgvn kqcym-kvx-a-bw-h-sc. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ i Øp BN-cn- p-hm ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-øn-se-hn-ssbpw B m-]n- -s - n- n-. V 20:12 A -t\bpw AΩtbbpw _lp-am-\n-. _lpam-\n F -Xns Chn-SpsØ A w A\p-k-cn pi F m-wv. amxm-]n-xm- sf A\p-k-cn- p PohnXw s]mxpsh Bbp v Dd v snbvxp-sim- p Hcp Pohn- X-co-Xn-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv A\p-k-c-W-t Spw ]m]hpw Hcp Pohn-XsØ AIm-e-N-c-a-Øn-te v \bn- pw. Hcp hmkvzøw Iq n-t Øp-sIm- p BZysØ Iev]\ CXmWv (F-s^. 6:2). B[n-]-Xy-Øn-\p-th- n-bp A\pk-c-W-amWv CXp D]-tZ-in- p- -Xv. VI 20:13 sime snø-cp-xv. CXv {]txy-im sime-]m- X-IsØ Dt±-in- mwv ]d- n-cn- p- -Xv, A msx h[- in- -sb-tbm, \c-l-xy-sbtbm Dt±-in- -., a\p-jy- Poh\p simsp-t _lp-am-\-sø- p-dn- mwv Cu Iev]\ ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. VII 20:14 hy`n-nmcw snø-cp-xv. hnhml kw_- -amb am\y-x-bm-wv Cu Iev]-\-sIm- p-t±-in- p- -Xv, as mcp hy n-bpss ico-csø NqjWw snøp- -Xn-s\-Xn-cmbp Hcp Xm oxp IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. \nb-a-]-c-a- mø F m-hn[ ssewkni kz`m-h-co-xn-i-sfbpw Dƒs -Sp-Øns m- p- -Xm-Wv. VIII 20:15 tamjvsn- -cp-xv. as m-cp-hs kºøv sx mb coxn-bn A]-l-cn- p-hm Hcp-h kzoi-cn- p GXphn-[-{]-hr-Øn-sbbpw CXp kqnn- n- p- p. kzimcy kzøp-kw-_- n- p BZ-c-hn-s\-bmWv CXp-sIm- pt±-in- p- -Xv. IX 20:16 I -km yw ]d-b-cp-xv. Hcph in n- s SpItbm AYhm h[-in- -bv p-t]mepw hn[n- s Sp-Itbm snømhp Xc-Øn, kxy-a- mø {]kvxmh-\-iƒ Na- p-sim v Ahs kz`m-hsø \in- n- p- Xp kw_- n- p hne- mwv Cu Iev]-\. Hcp hy n-bpss Io Øn kw_- -amb am\y-x-bm-wv CXp ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. X 20:17 tamln- cpxv. ]Øm-asØ Iev]\ {]hr-øn- I-fn \n pw Nn -bn-te v IS- p-i-bm-wv, sszhw Hcph-s\- p-dn v Hcn- epw B{K-ln- mø GsXmcp Imcyhpw BXy-[n-I-ambn tamln- p- -Xp ]m]-am-sw- mwv CXp kqnn- n- p- -Xv. ]usem-kns Pohn-X- Øn ]m]-sø- p-dn- p Bg-amb Ip -t_m[w Dfhm- n-bxv Cu Iev]-\-bm-sW v Xm {]kvxm-hn- p p (tdm-a. 7:7).

]pd- msv 21 105 20:18 21 ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Iƒ \evin-b-ti-j-ap sszhni km n- y-øns {]I-S-\-ßƒ I P\w `bs - p. sszhw t\cn p kwkm-cn- m Ah \in- p-t]m- Ip-sa v `b- -Xp-sIm v tamsi Ah v a yÿ\mbn Xo p. 20:22 26 P\sØ Ah-cpsS ]m]m-hÿ t_m[y-s - Sp-Øp-I F p- -Xm-bn-cp p tamssii \ymb-{]-am-w- Øns Dt±-iw. A\- cw ]m]n-iƒ v c -s m-cn- nen-eqss am{xta sszh-tøms ASpØp sn p-hm Ignbp-I-bp p F -Xns\ Hm Ωn- n- p Hcp bmk-]otw ]Wn-bp-hm-\p \n t±-i-ßƒ k -Ir-]m-ep-hmb sszhw \evin, sszh-tøm-sspøp sn p-hm-\p am - amb I Øm-hmb tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-s\- p-dn mwv bmk- ]otw kwkm-cn- p- -Xv. am\p-jni {]b-xv\-ßsf kqnn n- p D]-I-c-W-ßƒsImt m, am\p-jni t\ ßsf ImWn- p ] n-i-iƒsim-t m-, {InkvXp-hns kºq Æ-X-bn-te v H pw Zm\w snøphm a\p-jy\p Ign- n- n-. \of-ap, \ne-øqss Hgp-Ip hkv{xßƒ [cn- p-sim v ]Sn-Iƒ Ib-dp ]ptcm-ln-x- m, kµ `-h-im GsX- nepw cox-bn Xß-sf-Øs A\m-hr-X-am- n-bm ]mh-\-amb AØ-c-samcp kµ ` tøm-sp _ -Øn AXp tbmpn- -X-. C. _lp-hn[ \nb-a-ßƒ (21-24) 1. ASn-a-Isf kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (21:1 11) 21:1 6 ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Iƒ \evip- -Xn-t\m-S-\p-_- n v, bn{km-tb a- -fpss s]cp-am w kw_- n- p a p ]e \nb-a-ßfpw sszhw Ah p \evin. Hcp F{_m-b,. ISw ho p-hm-\p- -Xns _ -Øn-tem, Hcp tamj-w- Øns {]mb- n-ø-sa \ne-bn-tem, F{_mb ASnabv p P\n- -s -Sp- -Xp-sIm-t m,-a-sn-a-bmbn Xocmw. Hcp F{_m-b. Zmk Bdp kwh- cw the sntø- - Xp- v. F m Ggm-asØ h jw Ahs\ kzx-{ - \m-t Ww Ah ASn-a-bm-bn-cp- -t mƒ hnhm-ln-x-\mbn-cp- p-sh- n, Xs `mcybpw Xt m-sp-iqss kzx- { bm- -s Spw. F m Xs Zmky-Øns Ime- ØmWv Xm hnhm-ln-x-\m-bsx- n `mcybpw a fpw bp-am-\-\p- -Xm-Wv. AØ-c-samcp kµ `-Øn thwsa- n IX-In-s tbm I -f- m-en-s tbm Acn-In tn Øp \n Øn ImXp Xpf-bv -s v Xs bp-am- \s `h-\-hp-ambn Xs kzta-[bm A\p-cq-]-am- ns m- v ASn-a-bmbn XpS-cp- Xp Xnc-s -Sp- mw. At mƒ apx Ah snhn-b-s-bm-f-ap- -h-\m-wv. CXv {InkvXp-hns at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Nn{X-am-Wv. B XnI Zmk \sω AXy-[n-I-ambn kvt\ln- -Xn-\m kzx-{ \mbn t]mip-hm C n- msx \ap- p-th n Im h-dn-{iq-in-te- p-t]m-bn. c n-xmhv \ap- p-th n snbvx-sxt m AXns shfn- -Øn \mw Xs lnxa-\p-k-cn- p ASn-a-I-fmbn _nj v aqfns (moule) hm p-i-fn C{]-Imcw ]d-bp- -h-cmbncn- -Ww. ""Fs bp-am-\-t\, Fs IX-In- -cn-in-te v \bn- mepw Ct mƒ B{K-ln- p Cu snhnsb Hcn- IqSn IpØn-Øp-f- mepw'' Aß-bpsS _ -\-ßƒ kzmx-{ y-am-wv, Aß-tbmsSm w Xma-kn v the-sn-øp-hm\pw kln- p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn- p-hm\pw Fs A\p-h- Zn- mepw (21). 21:7 11 ASn-a-bm-bn-cn- p Hcp kv{xotbm-sp _ - Øn-, Ah-fpsS bp-am-\ Ahsf `mcy-bm-tbm, sh m- n-bmtbm FSp-Øn-cn- p-ibpw Ah-tfm-Sp IS- m-sp-iƒ \nd-th- p-hm Xmev]-cy-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- p-sh- n Ggmw-h jw kzx-{ -bmbn t]mip-hm Ahƒ p Ignbp-I-bn. Ah\p Ahsf t_m[n- m-sx-bn-cp- m Ahsf hos -Sp-t - -Xp- v, A msx PmXn-Iƒ v Ahsf hnev p-hm ]msn-. Ahsf Xs ai\p `mcymbm- p-hm Xm C n- m, acp-a-i-tfm-ss- t]mse Ah-tfmSp s]cp-am-d-ww. bp-am-\ as mcp `mcysb FSp- Øm ASn-a-s -Æn\p Ah-fpsS hnhml Ah-Im-i-ßsf mw \evip-hm-\pw, Nne-hn-\p F m G m-sp-ifpw snbvxp simsp- p-hm-\p-ap DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw At mgpw Abm-fn \n n-]vx-am-bn-cp- p. Gsd- psd Xma-k-ku- Icyw \evip- -Xn-ep-]-cn-bm-bn-s m pw BZysØ hnj bw sim p-t±-in- p- n-. Aßs\ snøm-ø-] w Ahsf ]Ww hmßsx shdpsx hn -b-bv -Ww. ASnaØw kw_- n- p \nbaw \evin-b-xp-sim v sszhw AXp AwKo-I-cn- p-sh- p A w AXn-\n-. ASna-I-fm-bn-cp- -h-cpss \nb-a-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Xm kwc- n- pi am{x-amwv snbvx-xv. 2. hy n-]-c-amb ]cn- p-kw-_- n- p \nba-ßƒ (21:12 36) 21:12 14 Hcp hy nsb sim p- h\v ac-w-in hn[n- p s]mxp-hmb \nb-a-amwv 12- mw hmiy-øn- {]kvxm-hn- n-cn- p- -Xv. \c-l-xy-tbm-sp _ -Øn Hcp Imcyw Hgn-hm- -s - n- p- v. acww a\x-]q w kw`hn- -X-s - n, sime-]m-x-i\v sszh-ønt bmk]o-t-øn- -te v AYhm ]n m-eøv {]txyi kt -X-\-K-c-ß-fnte v HmSn-t m-iph-m- Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- p. F m a\x-]q -ap sime-]m-x-i-ß-fpss Imcy- Øn A]-cm-[n v sszh-øns bmk-]otw bmsxmcp kpc- bpw hmkvzøw snøp- n-. 21:15 17 amxm-]n-xm- sf ASn- p- Xp ac-w-in A\p-`hn-t - n-h-cp Ip -am-bn-cp- -Xp-sIm v ]nxr- Xzhpw {]txy-im kwc- n- -s -Sp- p. amxm-]n-xm- sf i]n- p- Xpw Hcp-hs\ X n-s m p t]mip- Xpw h[-in- m l-amb Ip ß-fm-bn-cp- p. 21:18,19 c p-t] XΩn iwvt IqSo p Hcp-h Hcphs\ apdn-th-ev]n- m Ahs am\-t -Sn\p \jvs-]-cnlmcw simsp- p-hm\pw NnIn- m-sn-ehp simsp- phm\pw A]-c _m[y-ÿ-\m-wv. 21:20,21 Hcp bp-am-\\v Xs Zmks\ in n- p-hm

106 ]pd- msv 21,22 Ign-bpw. F m Ahs\ sim p-hm-\p A[n-Imcw C -. Hcp Zmk ASn-sIm DSs\ acn- p-t]m-bm bpam-\ Ip - m-c-\m-bn-cp- p. F m Zmk Ht m ct m Znhkw Pohn- n-cp- m bp-am-\\pw in -bn-. ImcWw Xs apx-emb ASn-asb sim -hm Xm hmkvx-h-øn B{K-ln- n-cp- n F m-wxv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. 21:22 c p a\p-jy XΩn iwvt IqSn v K `n-wnbmb Hcp kv{xosb ASn- -Xn-\m K `w Ae-kn-b-X- msx Ahƒ p a p bmsxmcp tzmjhpw h n-s - n Bkv{Xo-bpsS ` Ømhp Npa-Øp ]ng, ASn- -h simsp- -Ww-. \ymbm-[n-]- m-cm-bn-cp p AØcw tikn\p Xo p Iev]n- n-cp- -Xv. 21:23 25 hy n-]-c-amb ]cn- n-\p s]mxp-hmb \nb-aw, Poh\p ]Icw Poh, IÆn\p ]Icw IÆv, ] n\p ]Icw ] v F n-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp- p. Aan-X-amb Zbbpw AXy-[n-I-amb {IqcXbpw Hgn-hm- n-s m- v Ip - Øn-\-\p-k-cn- m-bn-cp p in. \nb-a-\-s-]sn {Ia-Øn-, sime-]m-xiw Hgn-sI-bp F m tikp-ifpw Hcp ]ng CuSm- p- -Xn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn- -s -Sp-am-bn-cp p (kw- Jy. 35:31 ImWp-I). 21:26 36 Hcp-Ø ASn p Xs Zmk-s tbm Zmknbp-sStbm ItÆm, ]t m If- m B Zmks\ kzx- { -\m- -W-am-bn-cp- p. Hcp Imf Hcp hy nsb Ahn- Nm-cn-X-ambn IpØn-s m- B Imfsb Is -dn- psim- p-i-f-b-w-ambn-cp- p. IqSmsX AXns amwkw Xn p-hm\pw ]msn- m-bn-cp- p. F m B Imf apsº- Xs IpØp- -Xm-bpw, DS-a-ÿ AX-dn- p-an-cp- m Ah\pw ac-w-in A\p`-hn- -W-am-bn-cp- p. F m Xs Pohs hos -Sp- n\mbn Npa-Ø-s Sp D m-c- W-{Zhyw simsp- p-hm-\p Hcp hyhÿ DS-a-ÿ-\pth n Xøm-dm- -s - n-cp- p. Hcp _me tbm _me-bpsstbm ac-w-tøm-sp _ -Ønepw CtX ]ng-x-s bm-bn-cp p simsp-t - n-bn-cp- -Xv. Hcp Zmks ac- W-tØmSp _ -Øn ]ng-bmbn ap Xp ti sh n simsp- p-ibpw Imfsb Is -dn- p-sim- p- Ibpw snøp-am-bn-cp- p. {i n- p-i. Imf-bm sim s Hc-Sn-abv p th n Bh-iy-s AtX hnebv mwv bqz tbip-hns\ H n-s m-sp-ø-xv, Aßs\ acn Hcp ASn-a-bpsS hne-bmwv bqz Ah\v C -Xv. Hcph Hcp Ipgn Ipgn- Xv aqsm-sx-bn-cp- m ark-ßƒ AXn hogp- -Xp-sIm- p- m-ip GsXmcp \jvs- Øn\pw Ah Xs DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp- p. Hcp-Øs Imf as m-cpøs Imfsb IpØn-s m- m c ns bpw hne Ccp-hcpw Xpey-ambn ]Ip-sØ-Sp- -W-ambn-cp- p.b-{i-an- p ark-øns DS-a-ÿ, AXns B{I-a-W-kz-`mhw t\csø Adn- n-cp- p-sh- n sim s ark-øns hne simsp- -W-am-bn-cp- p. F m- NØp-t]mb arksø Ah\p kz mbn FSp- mw. 3. tamj-whpw kzøp \io-i-c-whpw kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (22:1 6) Hcp tamjvsmhv Xm tamjvsn hkvxp kw_- n v ]q Æ {]Xn-im n \evip-hm _m[y-ÿ-\m-bn-cp- p. tamj-w-øns kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn- m-bn-cp p XpI Xocpam-\n- n-cp- -Xv. cm{xn-bn hosp tamjvsn p-tºmƒ Hcp I sim -s - m Xs sime-bmfn IW p t_m[n- n-t - -Xn-. ImcWw Ahs Dt±iyw tamj- W-am-bn-cp- pthm AtXm sime-]m-x-i-am-bn-cp- pthm F -dn-bp-hm bmsxmcp am hpw X\n- n- m-bn-cp- p. F m t\cw shfp-ø-tijw Hcp tamjvsmhns\s m- m sim p- -h Ip - m-c-\m-bn-øo-cpw. 1 mw hm-iy- Øn ]d- n-cn- p I \v {]Xn-im- nbv v hi-bns - n Ah ASn-a-bmbn hn -s -Sp-am-bn-cp- p. tamjvsn- -s Hcp arksø Poh-t\msS ImW-s - m tamjvsmhv Cc- n-bmbn as- n-s m-sp-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. Hcp Irjn- m-c Xs Hcp arksø Ab mcs [m\y-h-b-en Ae- p-\-s- p-hm A\p-h-Zn- m AXp Xn p \in- n- p- -Xns hnebv p HØ-hÆw Xs ap n-cn-tøm- -Øntem hb-entem D -Xn DØa-am-bXp Abmƒ p ]Icw simsp- -W-am-bn-cp- p. Hcph A{i- -ambn Xo IØn- -Xp-aqew hnf \in- p-hm Imc-W-ambn Xo m AXn\pw \jvs-]-cn-lmcw \evti- -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. 4. Ahn-iz-kvXX kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (22:7 15) 22-:7-13 hnizm-k-øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Hcp-h-\pth n as m-cp-h kq n- p-h- n-cp kzøp AYhm ]Ww tamjvsn- -s -Sp- Xp kw_- n- p Imcy-ßfmWv 7 9 hmiy-ß-fn ImW-s -Sp- -Xv. tamjvsn- -h AXv Cc- n-bmbn as- n-s m-sp- -W-am-bn-cp- p. I s\ I p-]n-sn- m Ign-bmsX h m B ]Ww kq n- n-cp- -h Xm Xs -bm-bn-cp- pthm Ip - m-c F p t\m p-hm th n \ymbm-[n-]s apºm-si kzbw lmp-cm-ti- -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. hn-izm-k- -cmdp sx n- p- Xp kw_- n- p GXp Imcy-Ønepw hmznbmtwm {]Xn-bmtWm Ip - m-c-s\ p Xocp-am-\n- n-cp- Xp \ymbm-[n-]-\m-bn-cp- p. \ymbm-[n-] Cc- n-]-icw simsp- p-hm-\m-bn-cp p Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s - n-cp- -Xv. hnizm-km-sn-ÿm-\-øn kq n- n-cp Hcp arkw NØpt]m-I-tbm, AXn-\p-h tisp X p-i-tbm, Bcpw ImWmsX If-hp-t]m-Itbm snbvxn v AXp XS-bp-hm- \p Xs Ign-hn\pw A pd-øm-bp XmWv kw`-hn- -sx v `mc-hm-lnxzw hln- -bmƒ sszh-ap-ºmsi BW-bn- m, {]Xn-im- n-bpss Bh-iy-an-. `mc-hmlnxzw hln- -bm-fpss A{i- -sim- mwv arkw tamjvsn- -s - -sx- n, Ah {]Xn-im n \evti- -Xp- m-bncp- p. ISn- p-io-dn-t mb Hcp ark-tøm-sp _ -Øn, AXns ihw sxfn-hmbn sim p-h- m {]Xn-im- nbpss Bh-iy-an-.

]pd- msv 22,23 107 22:14,15 hmbv] hmßnb ark-øn\p h tisp `hn- -tbm AXp NØpt]m-Itbm snbvxm hmbv] hmßnb-h- ]Icw simsp- -Ww. F m AXp kw`hn- t mƒ DS-a-ÿ ASp-Øp- m-bn-cp- p-sh- n AXns\ kwc- n- p-hm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- -Xp-sIm v {]Xn-im- nbpss Bh-iy-an ; ImcWw \jvsw Iqen-bn Dƒs -Sp- p- -t m. 5. hy`n-nmc kw_- -amb \nb-a-ßƒ (22:16,17) hnhm-l-øn\p \nb-an- -s -SmØ Hcp I\y-I-bp-ambn Hcp-h ]m]-kw-_- -ambn hy`n-n-cn- -h,. Ah kv{xo[\w simspøv Ahsf hnhm-lw Ign- p-hm _m y-ÿ-\m-wv. ]nxm-hn\v Xs aisf Ah-\p-ambn hnhmlw Ign- n- p-hm a\- n-s - n, s] Ip- n-iƒ IqsS- qss hnhm-ln-x-cm-ip-am-bn-cp Xv hf-sc-b-[n-iambn Xcw-Xm-gvØ-s -Sp-hm km[y-x-bp -Xp-sIm v At mgpw Ah Ah-fpsS ]nxm-hn\v I\y-Im-[\w simsp-t - -Xp- m-bn-cp- p. 6. \nb-a-]-chpw ax-]-c-hp-am-bn- p IS- m-sp-iƒ kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (22:18 23:19) 22:18 20 sime-]m-x-i-øn\p ]pd-ta-bp h[-in- m l-am-b aq p Ip -Ir-Xy-ß-fmWv p{zw AYhm B`n-Nm-c-I Ωw, ark-tøm-ssm w ibn- p- -Xv, hn{klm-cm-[\ F n-h. 22:21 24 tziøp ]c-tz-in-i-tfmsv blq-z- m A\p-I-º-bp- -h-cm-bn-cn- -W-am-bn-cp p; ImcWw Ahcpw-A-\y-tZ-iØp ]c-tz-in-i-fm-bn-cp- n- p- v. hn[-h-amtcmspw A\m-Y-tcmSpw Zb-tbm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-am-td- -Xp- v. Cu Iev]\ \S- n hcp-øp- Xv btlmh Xs bm-bn-cp- p. a p-]e AXn-{I-a-ßƒ pw in \eviphm ]pcp-j- m \ntbm-kn- -s - n-cp- p, F m C mcy-øn sszhw t\cn p in n- p-am-bn-cp- p. Ai-c-Wtcm-Sp Xs at\m-`m-h-øn Xm am w hcp-øn-bn- n-. A\m-Y pw hn[-h-am pwth n Ah Ct mgpw Icp-Xp- -Xp-sIm- v, hnizm-kn-i-fmb \mapw AXp-t]mse snø-ww. 22:25 27 bn{km-tb-ey-\mb Hcp-h\v hmbv]sim-spø ]W-Øn\v ]eni hmßp-hm ]msn ; PmXn-I-tfmSv AXmImw (B-h. 23:20). ]W-b-ambn FSpØ hkv{xw kqcym-kvx-a-b-øn\p apºp-xs as- n-sim-sp-t - -Xp- v. ImcWw ta p- mbw ]px- mbn D]-tbm-Kn- -s - n-cn- p- p. 22:28 31 sszhsø Zpjn- p- Xpw P\-Øns A- [n-]-xnsb i]n- p- Xpw hne- -s - n-cp p ({]-hr. 23:5 Xmc-Xayw snøpi). hnfthm, ]p{x- m-tcm, ark-ßtfm GXm-bn-cp- mepw sszh-øns ] v sszh-øn\p In - W-am-bn-cp- p. ark-ß-fnse ISn- q-ens\ F mw-zn-hkw bmkw Ign- -W-am-bn-cp- p. Im p-ar-k-ß-fm ISn- p-iod-s amwkw Xn p-hm ]msn- m-bn-cp- p. AØcw kµ `ß-fn AXns civxw s]s p hm p t]mibn ; c w ` n- p- Xv sszhni \nb-a-ew-l-\-amwv (te-hy.17). IqSmsX sszhw Xs P\sØ kwc- n- p ]I -hym-[n, ark-ß-fn \n pw ]I-cp ]ehn[tcmk-ß-fm (t]- - n-hnjw t]mep- -Xv) D m- Ip p F A]-I-Shpw AXn-ep- v. 23:1 12 \ymb-øo ns kz`m-h-ap Imcy-ß-fn Ip -hm-fnsb \ymbo-i-cn- p-hm th n ZpjvS-t\mSp KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-hm\pw ZpjvS-cmb _lp-p-\-] w tncp-hm\pw Zcn-{Z-tcmSp apj-] w ImWn- p-hm\pw th n hymp-h Ø-am\w ]c-øp- -Xp hne- -s - n-cp- p. i{xp-hn-\p Hcp ark-tømsp ]I ImWn- -cp-xv. AXp hgn-sx- n-bm AXns\ AXns DS-aÿs ] XncnsI Gev]n- -Ww. `mc-ap Npa-Sp-ambn AXp howp-in-s- p Xv I m AXns\ Agn- p-hn-sphm klm-bn- -Ww. Zcn-{Z\v \ymbw ]men- p-sim-sp-t - Ww. A[m Ωn-I-amb \nba X{ -ß-fn-eq-sS Ip -an- m- Ø-h-\pw, \oxn-am\pw in n- -s -S-cp-Xv. ssi qen hmßp- -Xpw, ]c-tz-in-isf D]-{Z-hn- p- Xpw \ntcm-[n- -s - n-cp- p. Ggm-asØ kwh- cw i -Øm-bn-cp- p. At mƒ \new Dg-hp-sN-ømsX shdpsx Ct - -Ww. B h jw X\nsb hf p-h-cp- Xv Zcn-{Z- m p- - Xm-bn-cp- p. Ggm-asØ Znhkw bp-am-\, Zmk, arkw F m-h pw hn{i-a-zn-h-k-am-bn-cp- p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øns sszhw Imcp-Wy-hm\pw \oxn-bp- -h-\p-am-bn-cp- p. F n- p-t]mepw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb B[p-\nI hna i-i sszh-øn-s\-xn-cmbn Ip m-tcm-]ww \S-Øp- p. 23:13 17 {]hm-n-i- m snbvxn-cp- -Xp-t]m-se, A\yssZ-h-ßsf \nµn- p coxn-bn-e- msx Ah-cpsS \maw D -cn- p- -Xp-t]mepw blq-z- m v \njn- -am-bn-cp- p. btlm-hbv v aq p henb D -h-ßƒ BN-cn-t - nbn-cp- p. (1) ]pfn- n- mø A -Øns D -hw, s]klm-s]-cp mƒ Ign-bp DSs\ h jm-cw-`-øn Xs AXv \S-Øn-bn-cp- p. hntzz-jw, Im]Syw apx-em-b-hbn \n pw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ßsf ip o-i-cn-t - - Xns Bh-iy-I-X-sb- p-dn- mwv CXv kqnn- n- p- Xv (2)-s]- -t mkvxp s]cp- mƒ, hmtcm- hw F -t]- cnepw simbvøp-s]-cp- mƒ Adn-b-s -Sp- p. s] -t mkvxp-\m-fn ]cn-ip- m-flmhp hcp- Xpw k` cq]o-icn- -s -Sp- -Xp-amWv CXv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. (3) ImbvI- \n-s -cp- mƒ, IqSm-c-s -cp- mƒ F -t]-cnepw Adn-bs -Sp- p. kl-{km-_vz-hm-gvn-bn bn{km-tb, tziøv kpc- n-x-ambn hmgp -Xn\p ZrjvSm- -am-wn-xv. Cu D -h-ß-fn ]pcp-j- m-sc- m-hcpw ]s -Sp- -W-sa p \n _ am-bn-cp- p. F m a p- -hsc kw_- n- n- S-tØmfw AXp \n _- -an-. tbmtk^v am{x-a-, Xt m-sp-iqss adn-bbpw _me-\mb tbiphpw B ptxmdpw sbcp-i-te-an s]klm s]cp- m-fn\p t]mbncp- -Xmbn ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-øn \mw ImWp- p- t m (eq-s m. 2:41). 23:18,19 sszh-øns bmk-c- -tøm-sp _ - Øn AXm-bXv s]k-l -]p-fn- p A w (]p-fn v ]m]sø kqnn- n- p- p) D]-tbm-Kn- -cp-xm-bn-cp- p.

108 ]pd- msv 23,24 bmk-ta-z v sszh-øn-\p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. ImcWw AXv G hpw \ `mk-sø-bmwv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. AXv Dj- Im-ew-hsc ht - -cp-xv. ]t km[m-c-w-bmbn an hmdpw AXp Zln- n- p-am-bn-cp- p. BZy-^-e-ß-fn taø-c-am-bxv btlm-h-bpss Be-b-Øn sim p-sn- -W-am-bn-cp- p. Hcp arksø AXns X -bpss ]men ]miw snøp-hm ]msn-. Hcp-]s CXv hn{klm-cm-[n-iƒ snbvxp-h- n-cp- kºpjvs ]qpm-{i-asø FXn p-hm Dt±-in- p- -Xm-bn-cp- n-cn- mw. bym sblq-z- m C pw Cd- nbpw ]mepw IqSn Htc ]m{x- Øn ]miw snøp-i-bn-, IqSmsX amwkw simgpø akm-e- m-dn Ign- p- Xpw Ah CjvSs - n-cp- n (22). 7. Iog-S- kw_- n- p \nb-a-ßƒ (23:20 33) ChnsS sszhw bn-{km-tb P\sØ hmkvzø \m nte p \bn- p-hm\pw Ahn-sS-bp PmXn-I-fmb tzi- \n-hm-kn-isf \n Ωq-e-am- p-hm\pw Hcp ZqXs\ (btlmh) Ah p apºmbn Ab-bv p-sa- p-ap hmkvzøw \evin. blq-z- m hn{k-lm-cm-[\ shsn v btlm-hsb A\p-k-cn- m btlmh Ah p-th n h Im-cy-ß-sf-sNøpw. A\p-k-c-W-t -Sn-s\Xncmbn Xm oxp \evip- -Xns\ IW- n-se-sp-øp-sim v sl {Sn Fgp-Xp- -Xv. \ΩpsS kwc- -I\pw D]-Im-cn-bp-am-b-hs\ t m`n- n- p- -Xn \mw hfsc {i -bp- -h-cm-bn-cn- Ww; ImcWw \ΩpsS c -twm-]m[n \sω hn p-t]m-i-bpw, Ahs \ -bpss \oscm-gp v hn-t -Zn- -s -Sp-I-bpw snbvxm, \mw \n -ln- -s -Sm-Ø-h-cmWv (23). Ah-cpsS tziw sn -S XpSßn s^en-kvxy-cp-ss IS h-scbpw (sa-un- -td-\n-b IS ) acp-`qan (I-\ms sx- p s\tkm) XpSßn \Zn (bq-{^- o-kv) hscbpw hnkvxr-xam- pw. tzi-\n-hm-kn-isf HmSn- p-i-f-bp- Xp kw_- n- p Iev]\ t\m p-i. AhnsS kam-[m\ DS-º-Sn- Itfm hn{k-lm-cm-[-\tbm ]c-kv]cw Iq n- -e-ctem A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a- m-bn-cp- p. ZpjvS- m-cmb I\m-\ysc D qe-\miw snøp-hm sszhw t\csø Iev]n- n- p- mbn-cp- p, F m Ah-cp-ambn kl-i-cn- p-hm bn{kmtb B{K-ln- p. {][m-\-amb Hcp Bflo-b-XXzw CXp \sω ]Tn- n- p- p. sszhw \ΩpsS i{xp- -fp-ss-ta (tem-iw, PUw, ]nim-nv) \ap p Pbw Xcpw. F m \mw hnizm-k-øns \ -t]m s]mcp-txww F p sszhw B{K-ln- p- p. 2sIm-cn. 6:14 18 hmiy-ß-fn 33- mw hmiy-øns ]I v ImWp- p. Xs P\w temi-øn \n pw th s] p Pohn- Ww F v sszhw F m-bvt mgpw B{K-ln- p- p. CuI-ev]\ A\p-k-cn- m-sx-bn-cp- - XmWv bn{km-tb-ens ]X-\-Øn\p Imc-W-ambn Xo - Xv. Zp `m-j-w-øm kzm-nmcw si p-t]m-ip p F p- -Xv C pw kxy-amb Imcy-am-Wv. 8. DS-º-Sn-bpsS ÿnco-i-cww (24:1 8) 24:1,2 ]pd. 20-23 A ym-b-ß-fn {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - n-cn- p \nb-a-ßfpw N -ßfpw kw_- n p sszhw tami-tbmsp kwkm-cn p sim n-cp- -t mƒ tamsi ko\mbn ] -X-Øn Bbn-cp- p. Al-tcm-s\bpw Xs c p ]p{x- m-cmb \mzm-_v, A_olq F n-hscbpw bn{km-tb aq - m-cn Fgp-]Xp t]scbpw Iq n ] -Øn as-ßn-h-c-w-sa v tami ] -X-Øn \n pw Cd-ßp- -Xn-\p-apsº Xs sszhw tami-tbmsp Bhiy-s - n-cp- p. F m sszh-tøm-s-spøp sn p-hm tami-bv p-am-{xta A\p-hm-Z-ap- m-bn-cp- p p. a p- h Zqsc amdn-\n-ev- -W-am-bn-cp- p. \ymb-{]-am-w-{]-imcw ]m]nbpw sszhhpw XΩn Hcp AI \ne-\n n-cp- p. F m- Ir]-bv -[o-\-cm-bn-cn- p \sω kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Xs c -Øm hnip- -a-µn-c-øn-te- p {]th-i-\-øn\p ss[cyw e`n- n-cn- p p (F- {_m. 10:19). Ah ASpØp hc-cpxv F v \ymb-{]-amww ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ir] ]d-bp- p, ASpØp sn pi (F- {_m.10:22). 24:3 8 A\- cw tamsi P\-Øns ASp- Cdßn-s v \nb-a-ßƒ Ahsc Adn-bn- p. AXv {]am-wn- p-hm-\p- {]m]vxn Ah n F Xv th -hn-[- Øn a\- n-em- msx AXp-sNøpw F h DS-\Sn {]kvxm-hn- p. sszhhpw bn{km-tbepw XΩnep Cu \n_- -\-I-cm ÿnco-i-cn- p- -Xn-\p-th n tamsi BZyw ]{ p XqWp-I-fp (bn-{km-tb tkm{xw ]{ - n-\p-th- n)hcp bmk-]otw ]Wn-Xp. AXn-\ptijw Ah bmk-ar-k-øns c w FSpØp ]IpXn bmk-]o-t-øn-t epw (D-S-º-Sn-bn sszh-øns ] ns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- p) ]IpXn P\-Øn-t epw (D-S-º-Snbn Ah-cpsS `mkw ]men- p-sim- m-sa- p Xocpam- \sø kqnn- n- p- p) Xfn- p. 9. sszh-tx-p v shfn-s -Sp-Ø (24:9 18) 24:9 11 A\- -cw,. 1,2 hmiy-ß-fn \n t±-in- n-cn- p {]Imcw tamsibpw a p- -hcpw ko\mbv ] - X-Øns api-fn-te v Ibdnt m-bn. AhnsS Ah sszhsø Xs txp-t mss I p. km[m-cw \nebn sszhsø ImWp- -h acn- p-t]m-ip-am-bn-cp- p, F m ChnsS A{]-Im-c-a kw`-hn- -Xv. Ah sszhsø I p, ` -W-]m-\o-bßƒ Ign- p. as m-cphn-[-øn ]d- m Ah sszhsø ImWp-Ibpw kam-[m-\-bmkw ` n- p- -Xn-\mbn Pohn- n-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. sszhsø ImWp hnj-b-tøm-sp _ -Øn, ss n-fn Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-k-amwv ImW-s -Sp- -Xv. sszhsø ImWp-hm km[y-a F p kqnn- n- p hmiyßƒ Hcp hi-øp v (]p-d. 33:20; tbml. 1:18; 1tbml. 4:12). adp-h-iøv sszhsø I a\p-jy-sc-

]pd- msv 25 109 p-dn v kwkm-cn- p thz-`m-k-ß-fp- v. Dev]. 32:30; ]pd. 24:10; 33:23; apx-em-bh AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-ß-fm-Wv. AXns hni-zo-i-cww C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. sszhw Xs txp- n {]Im-in- -s - n-cn- p-tºmƒ Xs t\m p Gh-t\bpw _mjv]o-i-cn- p-hm X -hæw Zln- n- p Hc- n-bm-wv. F m Hcp a\p-jy\v ImWp-hm\pw Xt m-ssm w hkn- p-hm\pw Ign-bp Xc-Øn a\pjy-cq-]-ønepw Hcp ZqXs cq]-ønepw As - n {]Imin- p tal-ambpw (B-h. 5:24) Xs -Øm shfns -Sp-Øm Ign-bpw. 24:12 18 ko\mbn ] -X-Øn-te- p ]e-hn[ Ib- -ßƒ ChnsS {]I-S-amb hn[-øn {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - ncn- p- p. C{]m-hiyw Zqc-Øns Hcp-`mKw hsc tbmiph tamsisb A\p-K-an- p. Xs A`m-h-Øn P\-Øn\p \ymbm-[n-]-xn-i-fm-bn-cn- m tamsi Al-tcm-s\bpw lqcn-s\bpw Npa-X-e-s -Sp-Øn. txp- m-ip talw ] -XsØ aqsn-bn-cp- p. B-dp-Zn-hkw tamsi ] -X- Øns Hcp-h-iØv ImØn-cp- p. A\- cw sszh-øns W-{]-Imcw Ah- ] -X-Øn\p api-fn-te p Ibdn tal-øn-\p- n-te v {]th-in- p. ASpØ \mev]xp cmhpw ]Iepw Ah Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp p hkn-t - - Xv. \mev]xv ]co- -W-Øn-s bpw ]cn-io-e-\-øn-s bpw kwjy-bm-wv. tamsi-bv p- -Xn-s\- mfpw ]co- Ww ChnsS P\-Øn-\m-bn-cp- p. Ah ]m]-øn apgp-in-b- Xp-sIm v ]co- -W-Øn txm p-t]m-bn. X qew a\pjys lrz-b-øn-ep- m-bn-cp- -sx- m-sw v sszhw \nb-a-øn-eqss shfn-s -Sp-Øn. Cu k-a-bøv tamsi bv v e`n \n -t±-i-ß-fmwv 31:18 hsc tcj-s -Sp-Ønbn-cn- p- -Xv. X. kam-k-a\ IqSm-chpw ]utcm-ln-xyhpw (A. 25-40) ASpØ Ggv A ym-b-ß-fn kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-c- Øns \n ΩmWw, ]utcm-lnxyÿm-]-\w, AXn-t\m- S-\p-_- n- p \nb-a-\n ΩmWw F nh-sb- p-dn- p \n t±-i-ß-fm-wv. sszh-zr-jvsn-bn kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-c-øn- \p {]m[m\yw ImWn- p-sim v ss n-fn BsI 50 A ym-b-ßƒ AXn-\mbn ]q Æ-ambn th Xn-cn- n- p- v. Xs P\-Øns at[y sszh-øn\p hkn- p-hm- \p ÿe-ambncp p kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-cw. Hcp IqSm-c- Øns amxr-i-bn-em-bn-cp p AXns cq]-l-s-\. kam- K-a\ IqSm-c-Øns Hmtcm-`m-Khpw {InkvXp-hns hy n- Xzw, Xs {]hr-øn, sszh-tøm-s-sp- p-hm-\p am w F nh kw_- n- p Bflo-b-]m-Tßƒ \sω ]Tn- n- p- p. ]m]w sszh-søbpw a\p-jy-scbpw XΩn AI- n-bn-cn- p- p-sh pw sszh-øm tbmky-cm- -s - Sp-Ibpw \ntbm-kn- -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvx ]ptcm-ln-x- mcmb {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fn IqSn-am-{Xta sszh-tøm-s-sp- phm- Ign-bpIbp p-sh- pw ]utcm-lnxyw P\sØ Hm n- p. A. kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw ]Wn-bp- Xp kw_- n- p \n t±-i-ßƒ (A. 25-27) 1. hkvxp- -fpss tij-cww (25:1 9) kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw (A`b-ÿm-\w) \n Ωn- p- -Xn-\mh-iymb hkvxp- -fpss Hcp hgn-]msv P\-Øns CSbn \n pw FSp- p-hm sszhw tami-tbmsp Bh-iys - p. an{kbow tziw hn p-t]m- -t mƒ, an{k-bo-aycy \n pw bn{km-tb P\-Øn\p e`n {]Xn-^-e-ambn-cp p hne-]n-sn- p teml-ßƒ, \ XpWn-Ø-c-ßƒ, txmep-iƒ, FÆ, kpk- -h -ßƒ, hne-tb-dnb cxv\- ßƒ F n-h-sb- -Xn bmsxmcp kwi-b-hp-an-. Ah the snbvx-xpw, ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp- Xpw Cu hkvxp- ƒ p th n-bm-bn-cp- p. Ct mƒ Ah AXp bmtkm- Nn-X-ambn \evip-i-bm-bn-cp- p. kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw sszhn- I-am-XrI{]Imcw am{xta ]Wn-b-s -Smhq F v sszh- Øn\p \n _- -ap- m-bn-cp- p. `uxo-i-amb Hcp si n- S-tØm-Sp _ -Øn CXp icn-bmbncps - n ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-ssz-hni amxr-i-{]-imcw {InkvXp-hns k`- Iƒ (P-\w) ]Wn-sX-Sp- p- Xv F{X-am{Xw IqSp-X {]m[m-\y-ap hnj-b-am-wv. 2. \nb-a-øns s] Iw (25:10 16) s]- Iw XSn-bn Xo Ø henb Hcp s] n-bm-bn-cp- p. AXns AIhpw ]pdhpw X w s]mxn- n-cp- p. AXp Npa- p-sim p t]mip-hm-\p X p-iƒ CSp- -Xn-\p-th n AXns Ccp-h-iØpw kz Æ hf-b-ßƒ D m-bn-cp- p. km yw AXm-bXv \nb-a-øns c p Iev]-e-I-Ifpw (hm. 16) ]n osv Al-tcms hsnbpw a C p-h ]m{xhpw (F-{_m. 9:4) kq n- p- -Xn-\p- -Xm-bn-cp p B s] -Iw. 3. Ir]m-k\w (25:17 22) \nb-a-s - -I-Øns aqsn-bmwv Ir]m-k\w F -dnb-s - n-cp- Xv. AXv ZqX- m-tcmsv kam-\-amb c p cq]- ßsf Xmßn \n Øp kz -Æ-Øn-s Dd- p Hcp X v Bbn-cp- p. Cu sicq-_p-iƒ (24). XΩn A`n-ap- Jam-bn-cn- p-ibpw Ah-bpsS Nnd-Ip-Iƒ At\ym\yw Iq n ap p coxn-bn tatem v Db Øn-bn-cn- p-ibpw thw-am-bn-cp- p. Ir]m-k-\-Øn aosx c p sicq-_p- Iƒ \Sp-hn sszh-øns sjt -\-bmbn sszhw Xs -Øs shfn-s -Sp-Øn. thz-]p-kvx-i-øn Ipd- -] w ]Xn-aq p ]pkvx-i-ß-fn-se- -nepw sicq-_p- I-sf- p-dn v {]kvxm-hn- n p- v. btlm-h-bpss \oxn, hnip n F n-h-bp-amwv Ah {]my-an-i-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p- -Xv. sszh-øns knwlm-k-\-tøm-sp _ - Ønepw ]e-t mgpw Ah {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - n- p- v. sbl. 1,10 F o A ym-b-ß-fn Ah-sb- p-dn p {]kvxm-hn- n- p- v. 4. ImgvN-b- -Øns tai (25:23 30) XSn-bn ]WnXv X w s]mxn Hcp tai-bm-bn-

110 kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-c-øns cq]-tcj Xs P\-Øns \Sp-h-n sszh-øn\p hkn- p-hm \ I-s Hcp ÿe-am-bn-cp p kam- K-a\ IqSm-cw. hnip ÿehpw Nn{X-Xøep aqsp-in-e-bm ad-bv -s AXn-]-cn-ip ÿehpw Dƒs -Sp Hcp IqSm-c-sØ-bmWv Nne-b-h-k-c-ß-fn kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw kqnn- n- p- -Xv. F m a p ÿe-ß-fn IqSmcw \n p Xnc-io-e-bn ad-bv -s A -Wapƒs -ss-bp samøw Iq -sø-bmwv AXv kqnn- n- p- Xv. bn-{km-tbey Bcm-[-\-bn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp kam-k-a-\-iq-smc D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS _ -s ÿm\-ß-fmwv Cu hnh-c-w-øn ImWn- n-cn- p- -Xv, hy -X-bv p-th n kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw hep-xm n ImWn- n-cn- -bm-wv.

]pd- msv 25,26 111 cp p ImgvN-b- -Øns tai. apiƒ hi-øn\p Np pambn Ae- m-c-]-c-ambn s]m p sim p-xo Ø Hcp h v D m-bn-cp- p (Hcp intcm-e- m-cw) IqSmsX \mephn-c hoxn-bp Hcp N -hpw, N -Øn\p Np pw c masø Ae- m-c- -Wn-bmbn s]m p-sim- p Hcp h pw D m-bn-cp- p. s] -I-Øn-t -Xp-t]mse Cu taibpw hf-b-ß-fn IqSn IS-Øn-bn-cn- p X p-iƒ D]-tbm-Kn- m-bn-cp p Npa- n-cp- -Xv. Cu hf-b-ßƒ \mep-im-en-s bpw ]m iz-ß-fn-embn XmgsØ aqe-i-fnem-bn- m-bn-cp p LSn- n- n-cp- -Xv. tai- p-døv bn{kmtb tkm{xw ]{ - n-s\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p-sim v ]{ v A -ßƒ (hm.30) h n-cp- p. Ahsb IqSmsX Xfn-I-Ifpw, Ic- n-ifpw ]I-cp- -Xn-\p IpS-ßfpw, In -nifpw AhnsSbp m-bn-cp- p. 5. X -hn-f pw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_- n- p hkvxp- fpw (25:31 40) 25:31 39 \ne-hn-f v Dd- p kz Æw sim p- - Xm-bn-cp- p. AXn\p apiƒ hi-ømbn Ggp imj-iƒ, AYhm simºp-iƒ D m-bn-cp- p. Ah-bn Hmtcm pw FÆ Hgn p IØn p- Xn\v Ipg-em-Wn-bp-sS-ta Xncnbp sndnb Zo]-ßsf hln- n-cp- p. \ne-hn-f- n-t\m- Sp _ -Øn Nh-W-Ifpw apdn- n-sp Icn- n-cn- j-w-ßƒ CSp -Xn-\p ]m{x-ßfpw D m-bn-cp- p (hm. 38,39). 25:40 ] -X-Øn \evi-s amxr-i-{]-imcw Cu D]-I-c-W-ßƒ D mt Ww F p- -Xm-bn-cp p AXnt\m-S-\p-_- n- p {][m-\-s GI Bhiyw. Xømsd-Sp- n- msx am\p-joi \ne-bn Imcy-ßƒ snøp-hm ChnsS Ah-k-c-an- m-bn-cp- p. Bflo-b-amb F m Imcyßsf kw_- n pw A{]-Im-c-am-Wv. sszhn-i am - \n t±-i-ßƒ \mw A\p-k-cn- -Ww. IqSmsX sszhw Xs m\-øn \evinb amxr-i-bn \n pw \mw hyxn-n-en- bpw Acp-Xv. kam-k-a-\-iq-sm-c-ønse F m D]-I-c-W-ßfpw {]Xm- ]-]q Æ-\mb {InkvXp-hn-s\-bm-Wv kwt_m-[\ snbvxncn- p- -Xv. s] Iw Ahs sszh-xz-søbpw (s]m- v) a\p-jy-xz-søbpw (a-cw) {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- n-cn- p- p. {InkvXp-hns\ \ΩpsS Ir]m-k\w AYhm {]mb- n- Ø-am-bmWv Ir]m-k-\w Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- Xv (tdm-a. 3:25) Pohs A -amb {InkvXp-hn-s\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- Xv ImgvN-b Øns tai. temi-øns shfn- -amb {InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv \ne-hn-f v Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xv. Xm{abm-K-]oTw (A. 27) sszh-øn-\p-th n ]q Æ-ambn Zln- n- -s - v, Zl-\-bm-K-ambn Xo {InkvXp-hs \ngem-wv. [q]-]otw AYhm kz Æ-]oTw (A.30) sszh- Øn-\m-bp {InkvXp-hns kuc`y-hm-k-\sb Nn{Xo- I-cn- p- p. {InkvXp-h-N-\-Ømepw sh -Ømepw (XosØm. 3:5; tbml. 13:10; Fs^. 5:26) Xmc-Xayw snøp- I). Xs P\sØ ip o-i-cn- p- -Xns\ {]Xn-\n-[m\w snøp- -XmWv Xm{a-sØm n (A.30). 6. Xncp-\n-hmkw (A. 26) 26:1 6 26- mw A ym-b-øn Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ Ipdn- mwv {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- -Xv. AXn\v GI-tZiw \mev]-ønb p ASn-\o-f-hpw, ]Xn-\ p ASn hoxn-bpw, ]Xn-\ p ASn Db-chpw D m-bn-cp p (G-I-tZiw 18 C v Hcp apgw F \ne-bn IW- m- n-bn-cp- p). c p-h-ihpw Atß A hpw \nhsc \n Øn-bn-cn- p ]e-i-iƒ sim mwv D m- -s - n-cn- p- -Xv. Ah A m-gßƒsim v Dd n v ]c-kv]cw tbmpn- n- n-cn- p- p. at -b- Øv AXm-bXv {]th-i-\-`m-køv XqWp-Iƒ D v. Xncp-\n-hmkw F v ChnsS hnti-jn- n- n-cn- p BZysØ aqsp-]sw, ]ncn ] n-\q sim v D m- nb-xpw, AXn \oe-\q, [q{a-\q, Nph- p-\q F nh-sim v Nn{X- -Wn-bmbn sicq-_p-isf Xp nt ØXp-am-bn-cp- p. ]c-kv]cw C-W A p-aq-sp-ioe-i-fpss c v ASp v AXn-epƒs - n-cp- p. Cu c p ASp- p-iƒ s]m p-sim- p simfp-øp-i-fm ]ckv]cw tbmpn- n- n-cn- p- p. Cu simfp-øp-iƒ \oe- \q sim- p AºXp IÆn-I-fpambn ImWm-hp hn[-øn _ n- -s - n-cn- p- p. aqsp-io-e-bpss samø-øn-ep Afhv 42/60 Bbn-cp- p. AXv Xdbn \n pw ]Xn-s\ p C p A h Øn-bmbn hißƒ aqsp-ibpw apiƒø v cq]o-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxncn- p- p. 26:7 13 aqsp-hn-cn F -dn-b-s -Sp ASpØ aqsp-ioe timem- p-tcmaw sim m-bn-cp- p D m- n-b-xv. AºXp IÆn-I-fp-ambn _ n- n- -s Xm{a-sIm-fp-Øp-I-fm Bdp aqsp-io-e-i-fpss Hcp ASp- ns\ A paq-sp-io-e- I-fp Hc-Sp- p-ambn ]c-kv]cw tbmpn- n- n-cp- p. 45/ 66 ASn \of-ap samøw aqsp-io-e, ap hiw Hgn-sIbp Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øns F m hi-ß-fnepw Ihn p InS- -Ø- -Xm-bn-cp- p. Hcp `mkw ]pd-ip-h-i-tø v as- n-bn- n-cp- p. 26:14 aq m-asø ]pdw-aq-sn, B p-sim- txm sim pw \mem-a-tøxv Xl-ip-tXm (ko, IS - n, tumƒ^n F n-h-bpss txmem-bpw-hn-h Ø\w snø-s - n- p v) (25) sim p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. Ch-bpsS Af-hp-Iƒ simsp-øn- n-, timem- p-tcmaw sim p aqsp-io-e-bpss AtX Af-hm-bn-cn- Ww Ch-bp-tS-Xpw. 26:15 30 15-25 hmiy-ß-fn Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øns aq ph-i-ßfpw cq]-h- -cn- p \nhsc \n p ]e- I-Isf Ipdn p {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- p. Hmtcm ]e-ibv pw ]Xn-\ p ASn \of-hpw, ct -Im ASn hoxnbpw D m-bn-cp- p. AXp JZn-c-a-cw-sIm- p- m- n, kz Æw s]mxn- -Xpw, Nph-Sp-I-fn Dd- n-t - -Xn\p c p IpSp-a-Iƒ hox-ap- -Xp-am-bn-cp- p. c p hi-ß-fn-embn Ccp-]Xp ]e-i-iƒ hox-hpw, ]n `m-k-øv Bdp-]-e-I- Ifpw D m-bn-cp- p. ]n `m-køv aqe-bv p-th n c p {]txyi ]e-i-iƒ ]Wn-Xn-cp- p. s]m p s]mxn XSn-sIm- p A m-g-ß-fmwv ]e-i-isf X ÿm

112 ]pd- msv 26,27,28 \Øv Dd- n p \n Øp- -Xv. ]e-i-i-fn-ep kz Æ-h-fb-ß-fn-eqsS Ahsb ]c-kv]cw tbmpn- n- p-sim v A m-g-ßƒ IS-Øn-h- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. \Sp-hn-esØ A mgw ]e-i-bpss \Sphn Hc- -Øp-\n pw at A - tømfw sn p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. hyxykvx \of-ap c p sndnb A m-g-ßƒ apiƒh-iøv Hcp A m-g-ambn cq]-s -Sp-hm X hæw ]c-kv]cw tbmpn- n- n-cp- ncn- mw. AXp-t]mse ASn-h-iØpw cs Æw H m-i- Ø- -hæw ]c-kv]cw tbmpn- n- n-cp- p. ]e-i-iƒ ]WnXp- m- nb N - q- p-iƒ Bbn-cp- p-sh v Nne Nn n- p- p. 26:31 37 Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ AXn Xs c p apdn- I-fmbn Xncn- n- p- v. ap -XSn \ofhpw ]Xn-\ v ASn hoxn-bp-ap AXn-hn-ip- -ÿ-e-hpw, ]Xn-\ v ASn \ofhpw ]Xn-\ v ASn hoxn-bp-ap AXn-]-cn-ip- -ÿehpw (A-Xn-hn-ip- w). sicq-_p-isf Nn{X-Ø-ø-embn Xp n-t Ø ]ncn ] n-\q sim- p Hcp Xnc-»o-e-bm Cu c p ÿe-ß-sfbpw XΩn th Xn-cn- n-cn- p- p. \mep XqWp-I-fn-emWv Cu Xnc-»oe Xqßn n-s- p- -Xv. s] -Ihpw Ir]m-k-\hpw AXn-]-cnip- -ÿ-e-øm-bn-cp p hbvt - n-bn-cp- -Xv. AtX-kabw ImgvN-b- -ta-ibpw \ne-hn-f pw hnip- -ÿ-e-ømbn-cp p hbvt - n-bn-cp- -Xv. hnip- -ÿ-e-øp as mcp-]-icww [q]-]otw am{x-am-bncp p (A.30), AXp Xncio-ebv v ap h-i-øm-bn- m-bn-cp p h n-cp- -Xv. hnip- -ÿ-e-øn\p sx p-h-i-ømbn \ne-hn-f- pw, tai hs p `mk-ømbpw hbvt - n-bn-cp- p. Xnc-»o-ebv v kam-\-am-b, Nn{X-Ø-ø ]Wn-bp Hcp ad-bm-bn-cp p Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øns hmxn. ]t Xm{aw sim p Nph-Sp-I-fn Dd- n- n-cn- p JZn-c-a-cw-sIm p ]WnXp kz Æw s]mxn A p XqWp-I-fn-em-bn-cp p AXv Xqßn- n-s- n-cp- -Xv. 7. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw (27:1 8) Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw F pw Adn-b-s -S Zl-\-bm-K-Øn- \p bmk-]otw JZn-c-a-cw-sIm p ]Wn-Xp, Xm{aw s]mxn- -Xm-Wv. AXv Ggc ASn ka-n-xp-c-øn, \mec ASn Db-c-Øn ]Wn-b-s - n-cp- p. AXns \mep timwnepw ]pd-tø p X n-\n-ev p \mep simºp-iƒ D m-bn-cp- p. ASn-h-i-Ømbn LSn- n- ncp X p-iƒ sim mwv Ah Npa-t - n-bn-cp- -Xv. 8. {]mim-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»oe (27:9 19) Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øn\p Np p-ambn {]mimcw F -dn-b-s - Sp hnkvxr-x-amb Hcp ÿe-ap- v. Xm{a-Øq-Wp-Iƒ p \Sp-hn-embn \nh Øn-bn-cn- p ]ncn- -]- n-\q sxmß sim v CXv AS- p si- nbn-cn- p- p. Cu AS- p-si en\p 150 ASn \ofhpw 75 ASn hoxnbpw 7.5 ASn Db-chpw D m-bn-cp- p. Ingt A -Øp hmxnen\p 30 ASn hoxn-bp- m-bn-cp- p. AXn\p Xncp-\n-hmk-Ønse Xnc-»oebv p kam-\-amb Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep ] n-\q sim- p ad D m-bn-cp- p. \ma-\n t±iw snø-s - n-cn- p- Xpw A møxpamb kam-k-a-\-iq-smc-ønse D]-I-c-W-ßƒ Hs bpw Xm{aw sim m-bncp p D m-t - n-bn-cp- -Xv. 9. \ne-hn-f- n-\p FÆ (27:20,21) ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn\p {]Xn-cq-]-amb CSn-s -SpØ sxfnhp Hen-sh-Æ-bm-bn-cp p \ne-hn-f- n D]-tbm-Kn-t - n-bn-cp- -Xv. AXv \nc- cw IØn-s m- n-cn- -W-ambn-cp- p. AXm-bXv F m Znh-khpw {]`mxw apx {]tzmjw hsc km y-øns kam-k-a-\-iq-smcw AYhm km y-øns IqSmcw F v ChnsS {]Xn-]m- Zn- -s - n-cn- p IqSmcw sszh-øns hmk-ÿ-e-ambn-cn- pw. F mhv 33:7 AXv D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- Xv, tamsi D m- nb Xm m-en-i IqSm-c-tØm-Sp _ -Øn-em-Wv. B. ]utcm-lnxyw (28,29 A ym-b-ßƒ) 1. ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cpss hkv{x-ßƒ (A. 28) 28:1,2 alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-s bpw Ah-s ]p{x- m-cpssbpw hkv{x-ßsf Ipdn- mwv Cu A ym-b-øn ]d- n-cn- p- -Xv. \ΩpsS t{ijvt alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-\mb {InkvXp-hns _lp-hn[ al-xzsø Ipdn- mwv Cu hkv{x-ß-fpw, Ah-bpsS \nd-ß-fpw, cxv\-ßfpw kqnn- n- p- -Xv. Al-tcms IpSpw-_-am-bn-cp p ]utcmlnxy IpSpw-_w. 28:3 29 alm-]p-tcm-ln-x\v c p Iq w hkv{x-ß-fp- m-bn-cp- p. (1) al-xzhpw Ae- m-c-hp-ap hkv{xw. AXp hf-sc-b-[niw \ndß-tfmsp IqSn-b-Xpw, k o Æamb Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep- -Xpam-bn-cp- p. (2) shfpø ] n- \q sim p hkv{x-ßƒ. BZy-tØ-Xm-Wv ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - n-cn- p- Xv (hm. 2 4) Gt^mZv (hm.6,7) ap mc-øpwn (G{]m )bv p kam-\-am-bn-cp- p. c p Ij-W-ßƒ XΩn Npa-en tbmpn- n- -s - n-cn- p- Xpw hi-ß-fn Xpd p InS- p- -Xp-amb H m-bncp p AXv. Nn{X- -Wn-bmb \Sp-s v (hm.8), Gt^m- Zns hnfºn\p sxm p-ap-i-fn-embn Ac-s - n\p Np pap Hcp s_ m-bn-cp- p. hne-tb-dnb I p-iƒ ]Xn- p- -Xn-\p ÿe-am-bn-cp p s]m psim p Nn{Xthe snbvx XS-ßƒ (hm.13). bn{km-tb tkm{x-ßfn Bdp tkm{x-ß-fp-ss-hoxw t]cp simø-s Hmtcm tkmta-z-i- v Ccp Npa-enepw ÿm]n- -s - n-cp- p. Gt^m-Zns ap h-i-øm-bn- m-bn-cp p am -X- w. AXn hne-tb-dnb ]{ - p-i- p-iƒ D m-bn-cp- p. Ah-bn Hmtcm pw Hmtcm tkm{x-øns hoxw t]cv hln- n-cp- p. am -X w kz Æ kc- -fn-sim v Gt^m-Zp-ambn _ n- n-cp p (hm. 13-28). Aßs\ alm- ]p-tcm-ln-x sszh-ap-ºmsi bn{km-tb tkm{x-ßsf Xs Npa-enepw (hm. 12- -i- n-bpss ÿm\w) lrz-b- Øn-t epw (kvt\-l-_- -Øns ÿm\w hm.29) hln p. 28:30 Cu am -X w, \ymb-hn-[n- -X w F

]pd- msv 28,29 113 alm-]p-tcm-ln-xs am -X- -Øns Cu X\n- - I v bn{km-tb tkm{xw ]{ - n-s\bpw {]Xn-\n- [o-i-cn- p-sim- p I p-i-fm \n Ωn- -s - -Xm-Wv. Hmtcm I nepw Hmtcm tkm{x-øns t]cp-iƒ simø-s - n- p- v. t]cnepw (hm. 15,29,30) Adn-b-s -Sp-hm-\p ImcWw Hcp- ]t sszh-øns \ymb-hn-[n-iƒ Dd- p-h-cp-øp Ddoapw Xpaoapw (kw-jy. 27:21) AXn-ep- m-bn-cp- -XpsIm- m-bn-cn- mw. {]Im-i-]cn]q ÆX F mwv ""Ddoapw Xqaoapw''F {]kvxm-h-\-bpss A w. Ch F m-bn-cp- p-sh v \ap v IrXy-am-bn- -dn-bn-, F m (ta hnh-cn- -{]- Imcw) Ah am -X- -tømss _ -s - p- -Xpw, sszh- Ø \n v \S-Øn v e`n- p- -Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn- -s ncp- Xpw (1-i-ap. 28:6) Bbn-cp- p-sh v \mw Adn- n-cnt -Ww. 28:31 35 Gt^m-Zns A n \oe-\n-d-øn-ep Hcp hkv{x-am-bn-cp- p. AXp Gt^m-Zns ASn-bn-embn [cn- n-cp- p. AXp Im ap- p-iƒ p Xmsg hsc \o p-in-s- n-cp- p. km y-søbpw ^e-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w snøp sndnb awn-ifpw amx-f- -g-ßfpw AXns hnfp-ºn D m-bn-cp- p. Al-tcm hnip ÿetø p {]th-in- p-tºmgpw Ahn-Sp p ]pd-tø p t]mip-tºmgpw Cu awn-i-fpss i_vzw tiƒ p-am-bncp- p. 28:36 38 Xe- m-hn AYhm apsn-bn, alm-]p-tcmln-x s]m p-sim- p Hcp ] w [cn- n-cp- p. AXn btlm-hbv p hnip w F v Bte-J\w snø-s - n-cp- p. AXv Ft mgpw Ahs s\ n-ta D m-bn-cn-t - Ww. \ΩpsS G hpw henb ]pwy-{]-hr-øn-iƒt]mepw ]m]-øm If- -s - n-cn- p- p-sh v Hm Ωn- n- p hnip hkvxp- -fpss Ip w kw_- n- m-bn-cp- p AXv. B p-_n-j- mb _nth dnuvpv Hcn- ]d- n- p- - Xp-t]mse F\n v {]m n- p-hm Ign-bp- n-, ]t Rm ]m]w snøp- p...-fs hos -Sp- p-im-cs c Øm Fs IÆp-\o Igp-I-s -Sp-I-bpw, Fs am\-km- cw ] m-ø-]n- -s -Sp-Ibpw thww 26). 28:39 43 alm-]p-tcm-ln-x \oe A n-bpss ASnbn [cn- p ] n-\q sim p Hcp Ip m-b-ambn-cp p hnnn-{x- -Wn-bmbn s\bvsx-spø D - n. s\bvsx-spø Hcp \Sp-s pw AXn-\p- m-bn-c- p. Altcms ]p{x- m al-xz-øn\pw Ae- m-c-øn-\p-ambn sh -A- n, \Sp-s - v, Xe- mhv F nh [cn- n-cp p (hm.40). ASn-h-kv{X-ambn Ah NW-\q sim- p Im - bpw [c- n-cp- p. Ah Xe-ap-X s\cn-bm-wnhsc hkv{xw [cn- n-cp- p. F m Ah-cpsS Im ]m- Z-ßƒ aqs-s - n-cp- n ImcWw Ah hnip- -ÿ-e- ØmWv btlm-hbv v ip{iqj snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p- Xv (hm. 3:5). Ic-]q-cWw F p hnh Ø\w snøs - n-cn- p (hm.41) hm ns A -cn-im w Iøv \nd-bv pi F mwv (A-Xm-bXv hgn-]m-sp-sim p ssi \nd-bv p-i). 2. ]ptcm-ln-x- mcpss ip o-i-cww (A.29) 29:1 9 sszhw Al-tcm-s\bpw Ahs ]p{x- mscbpw BZysØ ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cmbn hmgn- p. AXn-\ptijw ]ptcm-ln-x-\m-im-\p GI-am w ]utcm-lnxy tkm{x-ønepw IpSpw-_-Ønepw P\n- pi F p- Xp am{x-am-bn-cp- p. k`-bn ]ptcm-ln-x-\m-im-\p GIam w ho pw P\n- pi F p- -XmWv (sh-fn. 1:5,6). a\-jysc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw ]ptcm-ln-x- msc hmgn- p- Xv tihew am\p-joi Iev]-\-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - n-cn- p BNm-cm-\p-jvTm- \-ßƒ tehy. 8 mw A ym-b-øn-emwv {]mh Øn-I-am- n-bn-cn- p- -Xv, ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cpss ip o-i-cww Gsd- psd IpjvT-tcm-Kn-Isf ip o-i-cn- p- -Xn-t\mSp kam- \-amwv (te-hy. 14). Cu c p Imcy-Ønepw bmk-c w B hy n-bpss ta ]pc-t -Ww. sszh-tøm-s-sp-øpsn- p- -Xn\p apºv ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy\p Bh-iy-amb {]mb- n-ø-sø- p-dn- mwv ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. 1 3 hmiy-ß-fn hgn-]m-sn-\p-th hkvxp- -sf- pdn- mwv {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- -Xv. Ah-bpsS D]-tbm-K-kw- _- -am-bp hni-z-amb \n t±-i-ßƒ ]n osp \evis - n-cn- p- p. ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cpss ip o-i-c-w-ønse BZy-]Sn Al-tcm-s\bpw ]p{x- m-scbpw kam-k-a\ IqSm-c-Øns hmxn h v sh w-sim p Igp-IpI F -XmWv (hm.4). c m-a-tø-xv, ap A ym-b-øn {]Xn-]m-Zn- -s - n-cn- p hkv{x-ßƒ Al-tcms\ [cn- n- pi F p- -XmWv(hm.5,6) AXn-\p-tijw A`n-tj-