UW-Stut Chemical Hygiene Plan Created by: Jane Rank Created n: 3/1/2010 Revised n: 4/20/2010 7/19/2010 8/24/2010 10/20/2010 3/26/2012 6/12/2013
Cntents 1. Purpse, Scpe and Applicability... 3 2. Availability and Review... 3 3. Terminlgy... 3 4. Enfrcement and Authrity... 4 5. Respnsibilities... 5 6. General Labratry Rules and Plicies... 8 7. Hazard Identificatin and Cmmunicatin... 8 8. Cntrl Measures t Reduce Expsure t Hazardus Chemicals... 11 9. Chemical Inventry and Strage... 17 10. Chemical Waste Management... 18 11. Cntrlled Substances (Drug Enfrcement Agency)... 19 12. Training... 19 13. Medical Surveillance and Cnsultatin... 20 14. Wrking Alne in the Labratries... 21 15. Labratry Visitatin... 22 Appendix A Key UW-Stut Persnnel... 23 Appendix B Assessing Risks in the Labratry... 24 Appendix C Labels... 28 Appendix D Safety Data Sheets and Resurce Material... 33 Appendix E Fume Hds... 37 Appendix F Labratry Safety Prcedures... 40 Appendix G Labratry Visitr Plicy fr Minrs... 58 Appendix H Wrk with Particularly Hazardus Substances... 60 Appendix I Emergency and Medical Respnse... 67 Appendix J Chemical Spills... 75 Appendix K Hazardus Waste Management... 78 Appendix L UW-Stut Labratry Eye Prtectin Plicy... 84 Appendix M Glve Use and Selectin in UW-Stut Labratries... 88 Appendix N Safety Equipment... 93 Appendix O Expsure Limits... 100 Appendix P Prgram Review and Update Lg... 102
1. Purpse, Scpe and Applicability 1.1. The purpse f this Chemical Hygiene Plan is t cmply with the Occupatinal Safety and Health Administratin (OSHA) Occupatinal Expsure t Hazardus Chemicals in Labratries standard, 29 CFR 1910.1450 (referred t as the Labratry Standard in the remainder f this dcument). UW-Stut is cmmitted t prtecting emplyees frm health hazards assciated with chemicals in university labratries. 1.2. This plan des nt specifically address prtectin needed against bilgical, radilgical r ther hazards (e.g., electrical, laser, mechanical). 1.3. Labratries meeting the fllwing fur criteria are subject t the Labratry Standard: 1.3.1. Chemical manipulatins are carried ut n a labratry scale. That is, chemical cntainers are f a size that culd be easily and safely manipulated by ne persn. 1.3.2. Multiple chemical prcedures r chemicals are used. 1.3.3. The prcedures invlved are nt part f a prductin prcess, nr in any way simulate a prductin prcess. 1.3.4. Prtective labratry practices and equipment are available and cmmnly used t minimize the ptential fr emplyee expsure t hazardus chemicals. 1.4. The fllwing UW-Stut departments and rganizatins are cvered by the Labratry Standard and this Chemical Hygiene Plan: Bilgy, Chemistry, Fd and Nutritin, Physics and the Sustainability Sciences Institute. The Labratry Standard shall serve as the legal authrity and be referred t when interpreting specific requirements nt therwise written in this plan. 2. Availability and Review 2.1. Cpies shall be kept in the ffice f the Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) and Safety and Risk Management. Each department with labratry activities shall als have a cpy readily available fr reference. It is als available n the UW-Stut Labratry Safety website: 2.1.1. Lgin t the UW-Stut Intranet. 2.1.2. Cpy this link int yur brwser: https://www.uwstut.edu/healthandsafety/safety/intranet/labratry-safety.cfm 2.2. This plan shall be reviewed annually and updated as necessary by the CHO. 3. Terminlgy 3.1. CHO shall refer t the UW-Stut Chemical Hygiene Officer wh has been delegated verall respnsibility fr implementatin f this Chemical Hygiene Plan. 3.2. Labratry Standard shall refer t 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupatinal Expsure t Hazardus Chemicals in Labratries. 3
3.3. Labratry Supervisr shall refer t any individual wh supervises emplyees r has students wrking under their directin in a UW-Stut labratry cvered by the Labratry Standard. This will include: 3.3.1. Department Chairs wh supervise faculty in their area. 3.3.2. Labratry technicians wh supervise emplyees, student wrkers r vlunteers in their wrk area. 3.3.3. Labratry instructrs supervising students in instructinal labs. 3.3.4. Principal investigatrs (PIs) and researchers wh supervise emplyees, student wrkers, and/r students, vlunteers r visitrs cnducting research in their wrk area. 3.3.5. The Directr f Safety and Risk Management, wh supervises the CHO. 3.3.6. Supervisrs f nn-labratry emplyees wh wrk in Jarvis Science Wing and Additin and Heritage Hall (e.g., custdial and maintenance staff).. 3.4. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is used in place f the term Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) t reflect OSHA s adptin f the UN s Glbal Harmnizatin System f Classificatin and Labeling f Chemicals (GHS) terminlgy in the Hazard Cmmunicatin standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200. 3.5. CISPr is the web-based chemical inventry system implemented in summer 2011 fr the chemical and bilgical inventries f the departments f Chemistry, Bilgy, Physics and Fd & Nutritin and the Sustainability Sciences Institute. 4. Enfrcement and Authrity 4.1. The UW-Stut Chancellr has delegated authrity t versee implementatin f this Chemical Hygiene Plan t the CHO. 4.2. Issues cncerning ptential vilatin f labratry safety plicy and regulatins shall be reprted thrugh nrmal reprting lines. The emplyee shall first reprt the issue t their supervisr. If the issue cannt be reslved, the supervisr shall reprt the issue t CHO fr reslutin. 4.3. The CHO has authrity t enfrce crrective actins fr vilatins f plicy and regulatins. If vilatins cannt be reslved, a discrepancy ntice shall be issued and sent t the area Chair, then Dean, then Prvst r Divisin Administratr, and then Chancellr as needed fr actin. 4.4. The CHO and labratry supervisrs have the authrity t suspend labratry peratins in part r in whle if deficiencies in labratry prcedures r equipment pse a significant safety threat. 4.5. The UW-Stut Physical Plant prject liaisn has the authrity t stp wrk being cmpleted by an utside cntractr if the wrk pses a danger t UW-Stut staff, students r facilities. This authrity is limited t prjects under the directin f the UW-Stut Physical Plant prject liaisn. A UW-Stut emplyee wh bserves utside cntractr actins that ptentially pse a danger t UW-Stut staff, students r facilities shall immediately reprt the cnditin t their supervisr r the UW-Stut Physical Plant prject liaisn. 4
4.6. UW-Stut staff d nt have the authrity t stp wrk being cmpleted by utside cntractrs wrking n a Divisin f State Facilities (DSF) prject. A UW-Stut emplyee wh bserves DSF cntractr actins that ptentially pse a danger t UW-Stut staff, students r facilities shall immediately reprt the cnditin t their supervisr r the UW-Stut Physical Plant prject liaisn. The UW-Stut Physical Plant prject liaisn will reprt the situatin t the DSF prject representative fr reslutin. 5. Respnsibilities 5.1. The Chancellr, Vice Chancellrs, Deans, and Department Chairs are respnsible fr ensuring that individuals under their management have the training, authrity and resurces needed t implement plicies and prcedures utlined in this Chemical Hygiene Plan. 5.2. See Appendix A fr a list f key UW-Stut persnnel. 5.3. UW-Stut Chemical Hygiene Officer will: 5.3.1. Be familiar with all aspects f the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the Labratry Standard. 5.3.2. Crdinate implementatin f all requirements f the Chemical Hygiene Plan, hazardus waste prgram and federal and state regulatry requirements in UW-Stut labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. 5.3.3. Annually review and update the Chemical Hygiene Plan. 5.3.4. Prvide services that lead t cntinual imprvement in the area f labratry safety and legal cmpliance fr all UW-Stut labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. 5.3.5. Chair the UW-Stut Research Safety Cmmittee. 5.3.6. Mnitr prcurement, use and dispsal f chemicals used in labratries. Crdinate hazardus waste dispsal fr labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. 5.3.7. Have verall respnsibility fr ensuring prper cntainer labeling. 5.3.8. Cnduct annual safety audits fr all UW-Stut labratries, preparatin rms and chemical strage rms cvered by the Labratry Standard. Issue reprts, assist in facilitatin f actin items and implement cntrls. 5.3.9. Enfrce crrective actins fr vilatins f plicy r regulatins. 5.3.10. Crdinate lab safety training fr UW-Stut emplyees cvered under the Labratry Standard. Develp training prgrams as needed. Assist labratry instructrs in prviding required student training upn request. Maintain safety training recrds fr emplyees. 5.3.11. Review and apprve use f particularly hazardus substances (PHS) and peratins that require prir apprval. Facilitate PHS prcess and cmpletin f necessary cmpliance steps. Be familiar with regulatry requirements fr wrk with PHSs. 5.3.12. Review new experiments and prvide recmmendatins fr engineering cntrls, administrative cntrls and persnal prtective equipment (PPE). 5
5.3.13. Maintain a master inventry file and master SDS file fr hazardus substances stred r used in UW-Stut labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard (as f summer 2011, these master files are kept in CISPr). Maintain recrds specified in the Chemical Hygiene Plan. 5.3.14. Cnduct annual fume hd face velcity testing and crdinate annual certificatin f bisafety cabinets. Issue reprts and retain recrds. 5.3.15. Crdinate maintenance f safety equipment including regular inspectins f first aid kits and spill kits. 5.3.16. Prvide technical assistance n all aspects f the Chemical Hygiene Plan. Cnduct expsure assessments and evaluate expsure cntrl measures as necessary. Cmplete hazard assessments and prvide PPE training as needed. 5.3.17. Investigate labratry accidents reprted n Incident Reprt frms. 5.3.18. Participate in planning stages fr all wrk prjects that will impact safe use f chemicals in labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. 5.4. The UW-Stut Research Safety Cmmittee will: 5.4.1. Oversee bisafety, chemical hygiene and radiatin safety at UW-Stut. 5.4.2. Establish and educate faculty, staff and students n universal guidelines fr general safety, bisafety, chemical hygiene and radiatin safety n campus. 5.4.3. Develp versight prcesses and prcedures t assure safety cmpliance with UW-Stut, state and federal guidelines, including prpsal review fr extramural grant applicatins. 5.4.4. Implement peridic cmpliance review. 5.5. Directr f Safety and Risk Management will: 5.5.1. Be familiar with all aspects f the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the Labratry Standard. 5.5.2. Prvide technical supprt t the CHO as requested. 5.5.3. Have verall respnsibility fr the UW-Stut hazardus waste prgram. 5.6. Department Chairs will: 5.6.1. Assume respnsibility fr persnnel engaged in the labratry use f hazardus chemicals. 5.6.2. Be familiar with all aspects f the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the Labratry Standard. 5.6.3. Prvide the CHO with the supprt necessary t implement and maintain the Chemical Hygiene Plan. 5.6.4. Crdinate maintenance f an up-t-date inventry f all hazardus substances stred and used in their area. As f summer 2011, this inventry shall be maintained in CISPr. 6
5.6.5. Enfrce crrective actins fr vilatins f plicy r regulatins as needed. 5.6.6. Ensure that all emplyees in their area receive the required labratry safety training. 5.6.7. Prvide budgetary arrangements t ensure the health and safety f the departmental persnnel, visitrs and students. 5.7. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr the safety and training f the peple (emplyees, students and vlunteers) they supervise. They will: 5.7.1. Be familiar with all aspects f the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the Labratry Standard. 5.7.2. Attend required training. 5.7.3. Ensure that all chemicals in primary (manufacturer s) cntainers in their area have been entered int CISPr and barcded. 5.7.4. Maintain a SDS file fr all hazardus substances stred and used in their area. As f summer 2011, SDSs shall be maintained in CISPr. 5.7.5. Assess the risks assciated with the use f chemicals and determine the level f prtective equipment and apparel required t adequately prtect lab persnnel. Ensure the necessary and apprpriate safety equipment and supplies are present in their lab area and in gd wrking cnditin and that peple wrking in their area are trained n their use and use them apprpriately. 5.7.6. Review labratry wrk practices t ensure that safety prcedures are fllwed. Incrprate safety in the planning f all experiments and prcedures. 5.7.7. Ensure all hazardus substance cntainers in their area are prperly labeled. 5.7.8. Maintain acceptable husekeeping in their area. 5.7.9. Ensure emplyees and nn-emplyees in their area are prperly trained. Ntify the CHO f new peple wh need labratry safety training, and cntinually educate all labratry persnnel n the ptential hazards assciated with tasks. 5.7.10. Prmptly reprt any safety equipment r building maintenance issues t Physical Plant. 5.7.11. Submit accident reprts immediately. 5.8. Physical Plant will: 5.8.1. Maintain safety equipment. 5.8.2. Perfrm mnthly inspectins f eyewashes. 5.8.3. Perfrm semi-annual flushing f bdy shwers. 5.8.4. Perfrm mnthly visual inspectins f fire extinguishers. 5.8.5. Crdinate annual fire extinguisher pressure checks. 7
5.8.6. Perfrm required fire alarm testing. 5.8.7. Respnd t safety equipment and building peratin cncerns. 5.8.8. Prvide advance ntificatin f pending prjects that may impact labratry peratins t the CHO. Include the CHO in the planning stages f the prject. 5.9. Emplyees, students, vlunteers and visitrs. All individuals wh wrk, study r d research in labratries will: 5.9.1. Be familiar with all aspects f the Chemical Hygiene Plan and cmply with all safety rules specified in this plan and by their supervisr. 5.9.2. Use safety equipment and wear PPE as directed. 5.9.3. Prmptly reprt any equipment malfunctins. 5.9.4. Prmptly reprt any spills r first aid incidents (including sharps incidents) t a labratry supervisr. Cmplete an incident reprt frm if indicated. 5.9.5. Knw the lcatin f safety equipment and hw and when equipment shuld be used. 5.9.6. Knw UW-Stut emergency prcedures. 5.9.7. Knw the hazards f the chemicals they wrk with by referring t labels and SDSs. Ask a supervisr if there are any questins r further clarificatin needed abut the hazards f the chemicals they are wrking with. 5.9.8. Only perfrm prcedures and perate equipment that they have been authrized t d r use and trained t perfrm r use safely. 5.9.9. Dispse f hazardus waste accrding t UW-Stut prcedures. 5.9.10. Cmplete required safety training befre wrking in the labratries. 6. General Labratry Rules and Plicies 6.1. Apprpriate PPE must be wrn at all times. Minimum PPE is clse-ted shes and lng pants r a lab cat whenever hazardus materials are in use. Eye prtectin may als be required; see paragraph 8.5.6 and Appendix L fr eye prtectin plicies. 6.2. Eating r drinking is nt allwed in any research r classrm lab at any time, nr shuld any fd r drink be brught int the labs. 6.3. Gd husekeeping practices shall be upheld in all labratries, and all passageways, exits, utility cntrls and emergency equipment must be accessible and unblcked at all times. 7. Hazard Identificatin and Cmmunicatin 7.1. Risk Assessments. Many chemicals can cause immediate health prblems as well as lng-term health effects. They can als pse inherent physical dangers, such as fire, explsin and high- 8
pressure hazards. The hazards will determine hw these materials shuld be stred and handled and what special equipment and prcedures are needed t use them safely. UW-Stut is cmmitted t minimizing expsure t these hazards and takes a risk-based apprach. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr reviewing all peratins invlving use f hazardus chemicals, assessing the risk and determining prper cntrls. Mre infrmatin n perfrming a risk assessment is fund in Appendix B. The CHO can als prvide guidance. 7.2. Expsure Limits. OSHA has the regulatry authrity t set specific expsure limits fr air cntaminants, called permissible expsure limits (PELs). They are listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1. The State f Wiscnsin has adpted the July 1, 1992 editin f 29 CFR 1910.1000, published in Safety and Prfessinal Services (SPS) standard SPS 332.35. Many PELs are 8-hur time-weighted averages, and there are als shrt term expsure limits (STELs) that are typically 15-minute limits, and ceiling limits that shuld never be exceeded. Fr substances that d nt have an OSHA PEL, SPS 332 states that it will accept the recmmendatins f the American Cnference f Gvernmental Industrial Hygienists Threshld Limit Values (TLVs). Mst labratry wrkers perfrm nn-rutine peratins ver a shrt time span, in which case STELs are ften mre apprpriate than 8-hur PELs r TLVs. See Appendix O fr mre infrmatin n expsure limits. 7.3. Labels. Cntainer labels prvide valuable health and safety infrmatin fr hazardus substances. The CHO has the verall respnsibility fr ensuring that all chemical cntainers are labeled in accrdance with this sectin. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr ensuring that all chemical cntainers in their wrk area are labeled in accrdance with this sectin. 7.3.1. Labels n shipped cntainers. Chemical manufacturers, imprters and distributrs are respnsible fr ensuring that their prducts are delivered with the prper labeling. At a minimum, prper labeling means a label that meets requirements as defined in OSHA s Hazard Cmmunicatin standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 (f)(1). OSHA adpted the Glbally Harmnized System f Chemical Classificatin and Labeling f Chemicals (GHS) as part f an updated Hazard Cmmunicatin standard. As f June 1, 2015, all labels must meet the requirements in the new Hazard Cmmunicatin standard. During the transitin perid labels may cmply with the new standard, the ld standard r bth. UW-Stut shall nt accept delivery f a prduct that des nt meet minimum labeling requirements. 7.3.1.1. Cntainer labels under the new standard must include pictgrams, a signal wrd, hazard and precautinary statements, the prduct identifier and supplier identificatin. 7.3.1.2. Cntainer labels under the ld standard must include the identity f hazardus chemical(s), apprpriate hazard warning, and the name and address f the chemical manufacturer, imprter r ther respnsible party. 7.3.2. Labels n secndary cntainers. Secndary cntainers are created when a chemical is transferred frm a manufacturer s labeled cntainer int a mre prtable cntainer. 7.3.2.1. The secndary cntainer des nt need t be labeled if it will be used immediately (during ne wrk shift) by the persn wh perfrmed the transfer. 9
7.3.2.2. If the secndary cntainer will be used fr strage f a chemical and/r by a persn wh did nt perfrm the transfer frm the manufacturer s cntainer it must be labeled with a prduct identifier and wrds, pictures, symbls r cmbinatin, which prvide at least general infrmatin regarding the hazards f the chemical and which prvides specific infrmatin regarding the physical and health hazards f the chemical. 7.3.3. The labels shall be maintained in a legible cnditin. Manufacturer s labels shall nt be defaced r remved unless the cntainer is immediately labeled with the required infrmatin. Any cntainer withut a label r with an illegible label shall be reprted t the labratry supervisr immediately. 7.3.4. See Appendix C fr additinal infrmatin n UW-Stut s label plicy. 7.3.5. Hazardus waste cntainers shall have the cntents, date f generatin and generatr s name (r department) listed n the label in additin t the wrds Hazardus Waste. Additinal infrmatin that will aid in prper waste dispsal shuld als be included n the label if knwn. 7.4. Safety Data Sheets (SDSs). SDSs are prepared by manufacturers and summarize the physical and chemical characteristics, health and safety infrmatin, handling and emergency respnse recmmendatins fr their prducts. SDSs shuld be reviewed befre beginning wrk with a chemical. 7.4.1. The CHO is respnsible fr maintaining a master SDS file fr all chemicals used and stred in UW-Stut labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. As f summer 2011 the master SDS file shall be stred in CISPr. SDSs must be readily available t emplyees and students during all wrk shifts. 7.4.2. The CHO will crdinate peridic audits f SDSs t ensure they are up t date. Any missing r utdated SDSs can be btained by cntacting the manufacturer (see Appendix D) r the CHO. 7.4.3. The SDS shall be kept n file fr thirty years after the chemical was last n campus. Outdated r discntinued paper SDSs shall be sent t Safety and Risk Management fr archiving. SDSs updated in CISPr are archived in the inventry system. 7.4.4. See Appendix D fr additinal infrmatin abut SDSs and links t nline surces. 7.5. Signage. The fllwing signage shall be psted in each labratry: 7.5.1. A summary f hazards. The CHO shall be respnsible fr creating, updating and psting these signs utside the drs t each lab. 7.5.2. Emergency prcedures and telephne numbers. 7.5.3. Lcatin signs fr safety shwers, eyewash statins, ther safety and first aid equipment if nt readily visible frm all parts f the labratry. 10
7.5.4. Signage n refrigeratrs where fd strage is nt allwed, and n refrigeratrs/freezers nt designed fr strage f flammable materials. 7.5.5. Labeling n fd stuff that is nt intended fr human cnsumptin. 7.5.6. Cautin signs indicating special r unusual hazards shall be psted as necessary and deemed apprpriate by the labratry supervisr, CHO r Safety and Risk Management. Appendix H discusses special signage fr PHSs. 8. Cntrl Measures t Reduce Expsure t Hazardus Chemicals 8.1. Cntrlling expsures t labratry hazards is the fundamental methd f prtecting labratry users. A hierarchy f cntrls shall be used as a means f determining hw t implement feasible and effective cntrls. The cntrl methds at the tp f the hierarchy are mre effective and prtective than thse at the bttm: 8.2. Eliminatin and substitutin are the mst prtective frms f cntrl because they remve the hazard altgether, either by eliminating the hazardus material r prcess altgether r by substituting it with a less- r nn-hazardus material r prcess. It is much easier and less expensive t implement eliminatin r substitutin in the planning phase than after a prcess is in place; therefre it is imprtant t plan carefully when designing new research r instructin and knw the hazards f the materials and prcesses invlved. 8.3. Engineering Cntrls. Engineering cntrls islate the hazard r remve cntaminants thrugh varius ventilatin methds. 8.3.1. Dilutin Ventilatin 8.3.1.1. Adequate ventilatin is essential fr maintaining safe levels f expsure. All labratries lcated in Jarvis Science Wing and Additin have dilutin ventilatin prviding 100% exhaust. It is the respnsibility f the labratry supervisr t discntinue labratry peratins if ventilatin is judged t be inadequate fr any reasn. 8.3.1.2. Labratries are negative pressure t hallways t cntain chemical vaprs and drs within the labs and facilitate efficient remval by the ventilatin system. 11
8.3.2. Chemical Fume Hds 8.3.2.1. The determinatin that a hd is necessary fr a prcess shall be based n a risk assessment, which shuld include a review f the physical characteristics, quantity, vlatility and txicity f the materials t be used, the number and sphisticatin f manipulatins, etc. The skill and expertise f the individual perfrming the wrk shuld als be cnsidered. 8.3.2.2. In general, fume hds shuld be used with all particularly hazardus substances and any ther chemicals that present an inhalatin hazard. 8.3.2.3. Lab wrkers must understand hw t prperly use chemical fume hds. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr ensuring that their wrkers are prperly trained and that training is dcumented. 8.3.2.4. As much as pssible, fume hds shall nt be used as chemical strage areas. String materials in fume hds reduces their efficiency, clutters the wrk space and culd lead t inadvertent mixing f incmpatible chemicals. Lng-term chemical prcedures and experiments are allwed in fume hds as required and are nt cnsidered strage. There are vented cabinets available in Jarvis Science Wing Additin fr maldrus and highly vlatile chemical strage 8.3.2.5. Fume hds lcated in Heritage Hall and Jarvis Science Wing and Additin d nt perate cntinuusly. They must be manually turned n. While n, air flw velcities are n a cntinuus mnitr alarm system (Jarvis hds nly). 8.3.2.6. Fume hds shall be checked annually by the CHO using a calibrated thermal anemmeter t cnfirm minimum rates. Deficiencies will be reprted t UW-Stut Physical Plant fr repair. Ventilatin fr labratry fume hds shall fllw the Wiscnsin Public Emplyee Safety and Health standard, SPS 332.24(6), which requires a minimum average 100 feet per minute face velcity at full pen sash r sash stp psitin. When determining the minimum flw rate thrugh the fume hd, the sash stp psitin may nt be lwer than 18 inches abve the wrk surface. Inspectin results shall be psted n each fume hd. Fume hds with inadequate face velcities r ther serius prblems shall be prminently marked and taken ut f service until repaired. 8.3.2.7. See Appendix E fr additinal infrmatin n fume hds including user guidelines. 8.3.3. Bisafety cabinets are lcated in several Jarvis Science Additin labratries. The CHO is respnsible fr crdinating testing as required, which must be dne annually. Bisafety cabinets are nt chemical fume hds and shall nt be used fr chemical manipulatins. 8.3.4. Air quality mnitring fr hazardus air cntaminants will be cnducted as deemed necessary in cnsultatin with the CHO and Safety and Risk Management. The CHO shall crdinate and/r cnduct these studies. 8.4. Administrative Cntrls. Administrative cntrls fr hazardus chemical usage cnsist f plicies and prcedures develped t imprve the safety f labratry peratins. Since they require 12
wrkers t fllw apprpriate prcedures they are generally nt as reliable as engineering cntrls. 8.4.1. Standard Operating Prcedures (SOPs) 8.4.1.1. Sme general SOPs fr safe handling f hazardus materials in labs can be fund in Appendix F. 8.4.1.2. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr maintaining safe SOPs in labratries under their supervisin. 8.4.2. Particularly Hazardus Substances (PHSs) 8.4.2.1. Prvisins fr additinal emplyee prtectin fr wrk with PHSs as defined by the Labratry Standard have been established. PHSs include carcingens, reprductive txins, and substances with a high degree f acute txicity. Sme highly reactive substances (e.g., pyrphrics) may als be cnsidered PHSs. 8.4.2.2. Individuals must receive pre-apprval befre beginning wrk with a PHS. The preapprval prcess starts with cmpletin and submissin f the PHS apprval frm. The CHO and the respnsible department chair are respnsible fr reviewing and apprving use f PHSs. Requirements fr additinal emplyee prtectin fr wrk with PHS will include: 8.4.2.2.1. Establishment f a designated area. 8.4.2.2.2. Use f engineering cntrls and PPE. 8.4.2.2.3. Prcedures fr safe remval f cntaminated waste. 8.4.2.2.4. Decntaminatin prcedures. 8.4.2.3. Respnsibility fr identifying PHSs and cmplying with the established apprval prcess ultimately rests with faculty, PI r lab instructr. Training n identifying PHSs and the apprval prcess will be included in required lab safety training. See Appendix G fr additinal infrmatin n UW-Stut plicy fr wrk with PHSs and fr a cpy f the PHS apprval frm. 8.4.3. Prir Apprval. The labratry supervisr, in cnsultatin with the CHO, is respnsible fr identifying lab peratins that may require prir apprval. 8.4.3.1. In general, the fllwing will require prir apprval: 8.4.3.1.1. When it is likely that PELs culd be exceeded r that ther harm is likely. 8.4.3.1.2. Prcedures using PHSs, radiactive r bi-hazardus substances f risk grup 2 r higher. Fr bi-hazardus substances, refer t the UW-Stut Bisafety Manual n the Labratry Safety website (see paragraph 1.4 fr instructins fr lgging in). 13
8.4.3.1.3. First-time use f a particular piece f labratry equipment that has a substantial chemical, physical r bilgical risk assciated with its use. 8.4.3.1.4. Use f vlatile substance in cld rms, warm rms r ther rms with limited ventilatin. 8.4.3.1.5. When wrking alne in labratries/buildings with significant hazardus substances and peratins. 8.4.3.1.6. Prcedures invlving unattended peratin. 8.4.3.2. The PHS apprval frm shall be cmpleted and submitted t the CHO fr review fr all peratins requiring prir apprval. 8.4.4. Husekeeping. All labratries shall be maintained at a satisfactry level f rderliness and cleanliness. 8.4.4.1. Chemicals and equipment that are nt in use and may pse an imminent danger must be stred r dispsed f. 8.4.4.2. Walkways and exit rutes must be free f bstructins. 8.4.4.3. Access t safety equipment (e.g., safety shwers, eyewashes, fire extinguishers) and electrical panels must be free f bstructins. 8.4.4.4. Benches and active wrk spaces shuld be rganized, leaving adequate wrkspace fr safe wrk practices. 8.4.4.5. N chemicals shall be stred mre than six feet abve the flr r n the flr. 8.4.4.6. Chemical spills must be cleaned up prmptly. 8.4.4.7. Labratry supervisrs are directly respnsible fr maintaining acceptable husekeeping in their wrk area. The CHO will include an audit f husekeeping in peridic lab audit. 8.4.5. Emergency Prcedures 8.4.5.1. The fllwing are fund in Appendix I: 8.4.5.1.1. UW-Stut Emergency Guide: Includes emergency guidelines identifying varius types f emergency situatins, suggested actins and wh t call. 8.4.5.1.2. UW-Stut Labratry Medical Emergency Actin Plan: Prvides infrmatin fr faculty and staff n respnsibilities fr respnding t medical emergencies in the labratry. 8.4.5.1.3. UW-Stut Labratry First Aid Guide: Guidance n respnding t cmmn first aid emergencies encuntered in labratries. These are intended as limited invlvement measures t take until emergency persnnel arrive n the scene. 14
8.4.5.2. UW-Stut Emergency Guide will be psted near the exit drs f labratries. The CHO is respnsible fr crdinating psting f emergency prcedures. 8.4.5.3. UW-Stut emplyees cvered by the Labratry Standard will receive training n emergency prcedures. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr educating students cncerning emergency prcedures as utlined in the UW-Stut Emergency Guide. 8.4.5.4. Labratry supervisrs are als respnsible fr infrming students and visitrs f an emergency and fr initiating emergency prcedures when needed. 8.4.6. Incident Reprts. Any event that requires a first aid respnse, activatin f eye wash r bdy shwer, activatin f fire alarm, use f fire extinguisher and/r spill respnse requiring utside assistance must be reprted using the UW-Stut incident frm fund in Appendix I. The cmpleted frm shall be submitted t the CHO with a cpy sent t Safety and Risk Management. Any incident that results in illness r injury t an emplyee must be reprted t Human Resurces thrugh the emplyee s supervisr using the wrkers cmpensatin frm (http://www.uwstut.edu/hr/uplad/emplyee_wrk_injury_rpt.pdf). 8.4.7. Chemical Spills 8.4.7.1. The cleanup f a spill must nly be perfrmed by knwledgeable and experienced persnnel. Spill kits with instructins, absrbents, reactants and PPE are available fr cleanup f minr spills. A minr spill is ne that the labratry staff is capable f handling safely withut the assistance f safety and emergency persnnel. See Appendix J fr mre infrmatin n spill cleanup, and Appendix N fr the lcatin f spill kits. 8.4.7.2. All ther chemical spills are cnsidered a majr spill. In the event f a majr spill, remve all persns frm the area, clse drs t the affected area r therwise limit access t the spill and call 911. Be prepared t prvide the dispatcher with the exact lcatin f the spill, chemical name, amunt spilled and the actins taken by labratry staff t islate the spill. 8.4.8. Labratry Audits. The CHO shall cnduct annual audits f all UW-Stut labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. Inspectins shall be cnducted while the labratry is in use s that the perating prcedures will be verified as being fllwed by all persnnel and students. Inspectin results and checklists used shall be cmmunicated t the labratry supervisr f the wrk area inspected after cmpletin f the inspectin. Inspectin results shall als be cpied t department chair and Safety and Risk Management. 8.5. Persnal Prtective Equipment (PPE). PPE is the hazard cntrl mechanism f last resrt. Whenever pssible, the hazard shuld be mitigated by eliminatin r substitutin, r minimized using engineering r administrative cntrls. If it is nt pssible t cntrl the hazard in any ther way, PPE must be used. 8.5.1. At a minimum, lng pants r a lab cat and clse-ted shes must be wrn in labratries when hazardus materials are in use. 15
8.5.2. When wrking with hazardus chemicals, rutine PPE may include a labratry cat (r equivalent) and prtective eye wear. Special prcedures may require special prtective equipment n a case by case basis. Fr example, glves made f chemically cmpatible material shuld be wrn with strng crrsives r with PHSs as applicable. If such prcedures are rutinely encuntered, they shuld be included in the SOPs fr the lab. 8.5.3. The CHO shall assess the labratries t determine if hazards that necessitate the use f PPE are present r are likely t be present. A written hazard assessment must be cmpleted and n file fr each labratry. 8.5.4. PPE shuld be inspected befre dnning, and defective r damaged PPE shall nt be used. 8.5.5. When selecting PPE it is critical that it be cmpatible with and rated prperly fr the specific chemical. There may be multiple surces that need t be investigated t find the prper PPE fr the given applicatin. All PPE that has limitatin and ratings disclaimers must be reviewed. The CHO shuld be cnsulted fr assistance with chsing prper PPE. 8.5.6. Eye Prtectin 8.5.6.1. All UW-Stut emplyees and students shall use apprpriate eye r face prtectin when expsed t eye r face hazards frm flying particles, mlten metal, liquid chemicals, acids r caustic liquids, chemical gases r vaprs and ptentially injurius light radiatin. 8.5.6.2. The emplyee s supervisr is respnsible fr ensuring apprpriate eye prtectin is prvided at n cst t the emplyee based n an assessment f expsure hazards. The CHO can prvide assistance with cmpleting a hazard assessment and prvide training upn request. Training dcumentatin will be retained by the labratry supervisr and cpied t the CHO. 8.5.6.3. Labratry supervisrs shall ensure that emplyees and students in their wrk area wear apprpriate eye prtectin fr the task being perfrmed, and shall ensure the emplyees and/r students wh are nt wearing crrect eye prtectin are remved frm the labratry until eye prtectin is available and they are able t cmply. 8.5.6.4. See Appendix L, UW-Stut Eye Prtectin Plicy, fr the cmplete eye prtectin plicy. 8.5.7. Hand Prtectin 8.5.7.1. Determinatin f the need fr hand prtectin shall be made n the basis f hazard assessment that cnsiders the chemical, chemical cncentratin, ptential harm t chemical expsure and use cnditins. Special prcedures may require glve prtectin. The review prcess fr wrk with PHSs shall include a glve requirement assessment. 16
8.5.7.2. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr determining if and what type f glve prtectin is required in their wrk area. The CHO will prvide assistance with the glve assessment prcess upn request. 8.5.7.3. See Appendix M, Glve Use and Selectin in UW-Stut Labratries, fr additinal infrmatin n the glve selectin prcess and resurces available. 8.5.8. Respiratrs. Respiratrs may nly be wrn when engineering cntrls cannt keep chemical expsure belw PELs. Cnsult with the CHO when cnsidering use f a respiratr. Emplyees may nt wear a respiratr until they have cmpleted required elements f the UW-Stut Respiratry Prtectin Prgram administered by Safety and Risk Management. 8.5.9. Additinal PPE may be required based n a hazard assessment f the prcedure. 8.5.10. Training. The CHO and labratry supervisr are respnsible fr ensuring that all emplyees wh wear PPE in labratries receive required training and that training is dcumented. 8.6. Safety Equipment. See Appendix N fr a table listing lcatin f safety equipment available in Heritage Hall and Jarvis Science Wing and Additin. 9. Chemical Inventry and Strage 9.1. A current inventry f all hazardus chemicals used and stred in UW-Stut labratries will be maintained by departments with labratry peratins. Chemicals are t be identified by the name that appears n the label and the SDS fr that substance. As f summer 2011, this inventry shall be maintained in CISPr. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr ensuring that all chemicals in primary (manufacturer s) cntainers in their area are entered int CISPr and barcded. In general, if a chemical r material has a SDS, it shuld be in the inventry. 9.2. The CHO shall versee maintenance f the master inventry in CISPr fr all chemicals stred r used in UW-Stut labratries. 9.3. Chemical inventries shall be kept t a minimum in wrking labratries. Chemicals shall be stred in a safe manner utilizing, fr example, apprpriate strage cabinets fr crrsives and flammables. Chemicals shall be segregated by chemical characteristics t avid incmpatibilities. Alphabetical strage may be used nly if chemical characteristics are cmpatible. Secndary cntainment r ther segregatin ptins may be necessary t address cmpatibility cncerns when strage is nt adequate. Secndary cntainment is als a valuable tl t prevent spills. 9.4. Chemical cntainers shall be kept capped when chemicals are nt being withdrawn, added r therwise utilized. This includes hazardus waste cntainers. 9.5. Adequate security fr chemical strage areas is essential t minimize the pssibility f theft r unauthrized entry. Labs shall be lcked when a cmpetent individual is nt present. Cmpetent individuals shall be thse persns trained by a labratry supervisr t perfrm their wrk safely, recgnize hazards and take apprpriate actin in an emergency. Labratry supervisrs shall ensure individuals meet cmpetent persn qualificatins befre requesting card access 17
privileges (Jarvis Science Wing and Additin) r a key (Heritage Hall) t a labratry under their cntrl. Card access and keys are granted by the emplyee s supervisr and building manager. 9.6. The labratry supervisr is respnsible fr maintaining cmpatible chemical strage in their area. The CHO will prvide assistance with establishing apprpriate chemical strage schemes upn request. 9.7. Internatinal Fire Cde, Internatinal Building Cde, the Natinal Fire Prtectin Assciatin and OSHA place limitatins n the use and strage f cmpressed gases, crygenic liquids, highly txic and txic materials, flammable and cmbustible liquids and water reactive slids. Due t the cmplexities f the standards and the need t be in cmpliance with regulatins every effrt shall be made t minimize the quantity f hazardus chemicals in labratries. 9.7.1. Flammable liquids. In additin t regulatry requirements, the fllwing limits have been set: 9.7.1.1. N mre than 10 gallns f flammable liquids per labratry rm may be stred utside a flammable strage cabinet, nt including materials stred in apprved safety cans. The CHO may make exceptins fr larger labratry suites, althugh exceptins will nt exceed fire cde limits. 9.7.1.2. Flammable liquids that require refrigeratin must be stred in labratry-safe refrigeratrs. 9.7.2. Gas cylinders. In rder t ensure safe use and strage, all gas cylinders must be: 9.7.2.1. Stred within a well-ventilated area, away frm damp areas, salts r crrsive atmspheres, and away frm exit rutes. 9.7.2.2. Stred in an upright psitin with full cylinders separated frm empty cylinders. 9.7.2.3. Secured with a chain r apprpriate belt abve the midpint but belw the shulder. Cylinders less than 18 inches tall may be secured by apprved stands r wall brackets. 9.7.2.4. Capped when nt in use r attached t a system. 9.7.2.5. Kept at least 20 feet away frm all flammable, cmbustible r incmpatible substances and ignitin surces. 9.7.3. Crygenic liquids. Statinary and prtable cntainers must be stred in areas with adequate ventilatin. 9.7.4. Mre cmprehensive guidance n safe handling can be fund in Appendix F. 10. Chemical Waste Management 10.1. UW-Stut is cmmitted t respnsible management f its hazardus waste and cmpliance with all applicable U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) and Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces (DNR) rules. A sund waste management prgram fllws the waste 18
management hierarchy. Reducing waste prductin at the surce, recvery, reuse, recycling and n-site treatment are waste minimizatin practices that shuld be cnsidered befre dispsal. See Appendix K fr the UW-Stut Hazardus Waste Prgram. 10.2. The CHO shall crdinate hazardus waste dispsal fr labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. Safety and Risk Management is available t assist and cnsult with departments in hazardus waste management and arranges all hazardus waste dispsals thrugh the UW- Stut hazardus waste prgram. 10.3. Hazardus waste training is required fr emplyees invlved in management r generatin f hazardus wastes. 11. Cntrlled Substances (Drug Enfrcement Agency) 11.1. A cntrlled substance is a drug that is regulated by state and federal laws that aim t cntrl the danger f addictin, abuse, harm and illegal trafficking. They may be illegal fr sale r use, but can be permitted fr legitimate use in research. 11.2. When planning fr research that invlves drugs, the PI shall identify whether the drug is a cntrlled substance and act accrdingly. The U.S. Drug Enfrcement Agency (DEA) publishes schedules f cntrlled substances: http://www.deadiversin.usdj.gv/schedules/ 11.3. The use f cntrlled substances fr research requires btaining bth state (Wiscnsin Cntrlled Substances Bard Special Use Authrizatin) and federal (DEA) registratin. The state registratin must be btained first. Penalties fr using cntrlled substances withut prper registratin can be severe. The regulatins strictly limit wh can handle r administer the drugs and impses physical security and inventry requirements. 11.4. The permitting prcess is between and individual researcher and the state and DEA. Registrants cannt share cntrlled substances with nn-registered users wh are nt under their supervisin. 11.5. Pssessin f expired substances can bring additinal scrutiny frm the U.S. Department f Agriculture since administratin f expired substances is nt allwed. 11.6. Dispsal is strictly regulated by the DEA. 11.7. Neither the CHO nr Safety and Risk Management play a rle in the permitting prcess, althugh the CHO can prvide limited guidance. 11.8. The UW-Madisn Research Animal Resurces Center has very gd guidance n the use f cntrlled substances: http://rarc.wisc.edu/frms/files/lab_ntebk/cntrlled_substances_infrmatin.pdf 12. Training 12.1. UW-Stut will prvide emplyees, including faculty and staff wrking in labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard, with infrmatin and training t ensure that they are apprised f the hazards, including chemicals, present in their wrk area. 19
12.2. Such infrmatin will be prvided at the time f initial assignment t the wrk area where hazardus chemicals are present and prir t assignments invlving new expsure situatins. Emplyees shall review the Labratry Safety refresher training mdule n D2L annually. 12.3. Online training thrugh D2L is the primary surce f cmprehensive labratry safety training. Labratry supervisrs shall prvide names f emplyees requiring training t the CHO. The CHO will enrll emplyees in the D2L training. 12.3.1. All emplyees must review the Chemical Hygiene Plan and cmplete the initial training mdules and quizzes: Part and Mdule Part 1, Mdule 1: Intrductin, SOPs and PPE Part 1, Mdule 2: Emergency Prcedures and Safety Equipment Part 1, Mdule 3: Bldbrne Pathgens, Glassware Safety and Waste Management Part 2, Mdule 4: Labels Part 2, Mdule 5: Safety Data Sheets Part 3, Mdule 6: Physical and Chemical Prperties Part 3, Mdule 7: Fire Hazards Part 3, Mdule 8: Crrsives Part 4, Mdule 9: Txicity Quiz Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3 12.3.2. Persns wh wrk with PHSs must cmplete the Particularly Hazardus Substances Training Mdules (Parts One and Tw) and assciated quiz in additin t the initial training mdules. They must als review the Particularly Hazardus Substance Apprval Frm and substance-specific training fr each PHS they will be wrking with. 12.3.3. PIs, supervisrs, labratry instructinal faculty and labratry managers must als be mre infrmed abut labratry safety than their subrdinates and students. Therefre they are required t cmplete all Additinal Training Mdules fr Faculty/Staff: Mdule Quiz Chemical Strage Quiz 4 Crrsives Quiz 5 Fire Hazards Quiz 6 Ventilatin Quiz 7 Txins Quiz 8 Persnal Prtective Equipment (Parts 1-3) Quiz 9 Particularly Hazardus Substances (Parts 1-2) Quiz 10 12.4. Labratry supervisrs shall ensure students enrlled in their curses r that cnduct research in their wrk areas receive required training. The CHO will prvide assistance with student training upn request and can enrll students in the D2L training. Labratry supervisrs shall retain dcumentatin f student training. 13. Medical Surveillance and Cnsultatin 13.1. The Labratry Standard mandates that emplyers prvide medical attentin, examinatins and fllw-up examinatins (at the physician s discretin) under the fllwing circumstances: 20
13.1.1. Whenever an emplyee develps signs and/r symptms assciated with a hazardus chemical t which they may have been expsed. 13.1.2. Whenever expsure mnitring reveals an expsure level abut the OSHA actin level r expsure abve the PEL fr OSHA regulated substances. 13.1.3. Whenever an event takes place in the wrk area such as a spill, leak, explsin, r ther ccurrence that results in the likelihd f a hazardus expsure. Such an ccurrence requires an pprtunity fr medical cnsultatin fr the purpse f determining the need fr a medical examinatin. 13.2. In the event f a pssible expsure, the affected individual (r ther labratry staff present) must be prepared t prvide the examining physician the fllwing infrmatin: 13.2.1. Identity f the hazardus chemical(s) t which the emplyee may have been expsed. 13.2.2. A descriptin f the cnditins under which the expsure ccurred including quantitative expsure data, if available. 13.2.3. A descriptin f the signs and symptms f expsure, if any, that the emplyee is experiencing. 13.2.4. A cpy f the relevant SDS r ther infrmatin. 13.3. The CHO shall request a written pinin frm the physician including: 13.3.1. Recmmendatin fr future medical fllw-up. 13.3.2. Results f examinatin and assciated tests. 13.3.3. Any medical cnditin revealed that may place the emplyee at increased risk as a result f chemical expsure. 13.3.4. A statement that the emplyee has been infrmed by the physician f the results f the examinatin r cnsultatin and tld f any medical cnditins that may require additinal examinatin r treatment. 13.4. The material returned by the physician shall nt include specific findings and/r diagnses that are unrelated t ccupatinal expsure. 13.5. Safety and Risk Management has respnsibility t maintain a file cncerning any events and resultant medical examinatins r cnsultatins. 13.6. All medical examinatins and cnsultatins shall be perfrmed by r under the direct supervisin f a licensed physician and shall be prvided withut cst t the emplyee, withut lss f pay and at a reasnable time and place. The emplyee and their supervisr must cmplete a wrkers cmpensatin reprt fr any f the abve incidents. Students and nnemplyees must cmplete an incident reprt alng with their labratry supervisr. 14. Wrking Alne in the Labratries: The fllwing plicy has been adpted fr all persns using UW-Stut labratries cvered by the Labratry Standard. 21
14.1. N ne (including faculty/staff) may wrk alne if activities invlve use r manipulatin f hazardus materials r if hazardus cnditins exist (e.g., high pressure, high vltage, and vacuum systems). "Wrking alne" means wrking ut f sight r sund cmmunicatins with anther persn fr mre than five minutes. Overnight prcedures requiring high pressure, high vltage, r vacuum system are nly t be dne where there is n ther reasnable way f accmplishing this prcedure and expsure t any ptential hazard is minimal. Situatins where there is danger f explsin, implsin r expsure t UV, X-ray r high vltage require a ntice psted n dr if left unattended. Prir apprval must be given fr unattended peratins. 14.2. Undergraduate students in scheduled curses must be supervised at all times. Students may nt wrk ut f hurs fr any scheduled curse unless specific permissin is granted by the faculty persn supervising the lab and students will nt be ding any manipulatins using hazardus chemicals and hazardus cnditins d nt exist. 14.3. Student researchers (bth graduate and undergraduate students) may never wrk alne if wrking with hazardus chemicals r if hazardus cnditins exist. Ultimately it is the respnsibility f the PI t ensure safe supervisin f undergraduate and graduate researchers. 15. Labratry Visitatin 15.1. All visitrs wh are passing thrugh r turing a labratry must be under the direct supervisin f a UW-Stut emplyee wh is trained and knwledgeable f the area's hazards. 15.2. Prir t allwing visitrs t tur r bserve in a lab, the supervising emplyee must cnduct a basic safety rientatin, including bth general safety infrmatin and any hazards particular t the lab in questin. 15.3. The visitrs must be infrmed abut prper clthing and ther prtective equipment prir t the visit s they can bring it with them, r it must be prvided t them. Any persn nt wearing apprpriate clthing shall nt be allwed t enter the lab. 15.4. Minrs must als have a Unifrm Statement f Respnsibility, Release and Authrizatin frm signed by their parent r guardian (Appendix G). 15.5. Labratry supervisrs shall cntact the CHO fr training and apprval requirements f visiting faculty/researchers wh will be using labratry facilities and equipment. 22
Appendix A Key UW-Stut Persnnel Psitin Name Phne number Chancellr Charles Srensen 232-2441 Prvst Jseph Bessie 232-2421 Vice Chancellr f Administrative and Student Phillip Lyns 232-1683 Life Services Dean f the Cllege f Science, Technlgy, Jeff Andersn 232-1122 Engineering and Mathematics Dean f the Cllege f Educatin, Health and Mary Hpkins-Best 232-2687 Human Services Chemical Hygiene Officer Tracy Glenz 232-5371 Executive Directr, Health and Safety Jim Uhlir 232-2188 Directr, Safety and Risk Management Dean Sankey 232-2258 Chief, University Plice Lisa Walter 232-2222 Directr, Student Health Services Janice Lawrence-Ramaeker 232-1314 23
Appendix B Assessing Risks in the Labratry The infrmatin in this appendix is summarized frm the Natinal Research Cuncil s Prudent Practices in the Labratry: Handling and Management f Chemical Hazards, updated versin (2011). A key element f planning an experiment is assessing the hazards and ptential risks assciated with the chemicals and labratry peratins t be used. This appendix prvides a practical guide t cnducting a risk assessment fr the trained labratry persnnel invlved in these activities. The primary respnsibility fr prper hazard evaluatins and risk assessments lies with the persn perfrming the experiment; respnsibility is als shared by the lab supervisr. Evaluatins and assessments may be perfrmed by trained labratry persnnel, but they shuld be checked and authrized by the supervisr. The supervisr is als respnsible fr ensuring that everyne invlved in an experiment and thse nearby understand the evaluatins and assessments. The Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) can be cnsulted fr guidance. There are seven steps invlved in hazard evaluatin and risk assessment: 1. Identify the chemicals t be used and circumstances f use. Identify the chemicals needed fr the prpsed experiment and determine the amunts that will be used. Is the experiment t be dne nce, r will the chemicals be handled repeatedly? Will the experiment be cnducted in an pen labratry, in an enclsed apparatus, r in a chemical fume hd? Is it pssible that new r unknwn substances will be generated in the experiment? Are any f the trained labratry persnnel invlved in the experiment pregnant r likely t becme pregnant? D they have any knwn sensitivities r allergies t specific chemicals? 2. Cnsult surces f infrmatin n hazards. Cnsult an up-t-date Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Labratry Chemical Safety Summary (http://www.safety.duke.edu/hs/chemsummaries.htm) r ther references fr the hazards f the chemicals needed fr the prpsed experiment. Other references: Internatinal Chemical Safety Cards frm the Internatinal Prgramme n Chemical Safety: http://www.cdc.gv/nish/ipcs/icstart.html#usversin NIOSH Pcket Guide t Chemical Hazards: http://www.cdc.gv/nish/npg/ TLVs and BEIs frm the American Cnference f Gvernmental Industrial Hygienists. The CHO has a cpy. See Appendix O fr further infrmatin n expsure limits. Agency fr Txic Substances and Disease Registry: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gv/ The University f Califrnia Center fr Labratry Safety. Lk under Resurces fr SOP templates that cntain specific chemical infrmatin and featured chemicals: http://cls.ucla.edu/ 3. Evaluate the hazards. Chemicals can be divided int several different hazard classes, and many chemicals will belng t mre than ne class. The hazard class will determine hw these materials shuld be stred and handled and what special equipment and prcedures are needed t use them 24
safely. Therefre, it is essential that the hazards are defined and cntrlled prir t beginning an experiment. Mst chemicals have either physical r health hazards, r bth. Physical hazards: Flammable: in general, a liquid chemical is cnsidered flammable if it has a flash pint f less than 140 F. There are als flammable slids, gases and aersls. Pyrphric chemicals will ignite spntaneusly in air at a temperature f than 130 F r belw and must be very carefully handled. Oxidizers are nt flammable but initiate r prmte cmbustin in ther materials, thereby either causing fire themselves r thrugh the release f xygen r ther gases. Explsive: an explsive is a chemical that causes a sudden, almst instantaneus release f pressure, gas and heat when subjected t sudden shck, pressure r high temperature. Cmpressed gases are under great pressure in a cntainer that, if ruptured, can rapidly release pressure and becme a prjectile danger. Sme materials, such as perxide frmers, may nt have explsive tendencies themselves but may frm explsive substances ver time Reactive: reactive substances can release gases that will burn, explde r prduce high pressure that can cause injury. In sme instances they can release substances that are significantly mre txic than themselves. Unstable materials can vigrusly plymerize, decmpse, cndense r becme self-reactive under cnditins f shck, pressure r temperature. Water-reactive materials react with water t release a gas that is either flammable r presents a health hazard. Health hazards: Carcingen: a carcingen has the ptential t cause cancer. Substances may be categrized as knwn r suspected human carcingens. Txin: OSHA defines a chemical as being acutely txic depending n the effects ccurring fllwing ral r dermal administratin f a single dse f a substance, r multiple dses given within 24 hurs, r an inhalatin expsure f fur hurs. The criteria are defined in Sectin A.1 f this link: http://www.sha.gv/pls/shaweb/wadisp.shw_dcument?p_table=standards&p_id=1 0100. Use the surces f infrmatin in step 2 and the criteria in the link t classify the txin based n its LD 50. Fr substances that pse an inhalatin hazard, take nte f the permissible expsure limit, shrt-term expsure limit, threshld limit value and/r ther regulatry r recmmended expsure limits (see Appendix O). Crrsive: a crrsive chemical causes visible destructin f, r irreversible alteratins in, living tissue by chemical actin at the site f cntact. Irritant: an irritant is nt crrsive, but causes a reversible inflammatry effect n living tissue by chemical actin at the site f cntact. 25
Sensitizer: a sensitizer causes a substantial prprtin f expsed peple r animals t develp an allergic reactin in nrmal tissue after repeated expsure t the chemical. Chemicals can be skin r respiratry sensitizers. Target rgan txin: certain chemicals may cause damage t specific rgans. Categries include hepattxins (liver), nephrtxins (kidney), neurtxins (nervus system), hemtxins (bld/hematpietic system) and respiratry txins. Reprductive txins: reprductive txins cause adverse effects n sexual functin in adult males and females, as well as adverse effects n develpment f ffspring Other hazards: Nanmaterials: the increasing use f nanmaterials in research labs warrants cnsideratin f the hazards they may pse. As is the case with many new technlgies, the health effects f nanmaterials have nt been thrughly investigated. Cnsequently, the uncertainty surrunding the txicity f nanmaterials merits a cautius apprach. Nanmaterials include any materials r particles that have an external dimensin in the nanscale (~1-100 nanmeters). Nanmaterials can be categrized by the ptential risk f expsure they pse based n the physical state f the materials and the cnditins in which they are used. In general, the risk f expsure is lwest when the materials are bund in a slid matrix with little ptential t create airbrne dust r when in a nn-vlatile liquid suspensin. The risk f expsure increases when the nanmaterials are used as fine pwders r are suspended in vlatile slvents r gases. The parent cmpund shuld als be taken int cnsideratin when evaluating the ptential hazards (e.g., a highly txic cmpund such as cadmium shuld be anticipated t be at least as txic and pssibly mre txic when used as a nanmaterial). Bihazards: bilgical hazards are a cncern in labs in which micrrganisms, r material cntaminated with them, are handled. Anyne wh is likely t cme in cntact with bld r ther ptentially infectius material is cvered under OSHA s Bldbrne Pathgen Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030). Cnsult the UW-Stut Bisafety Manual (n the Labratry Safety website) fr mre infrmatin n cntrlling bilgical hazards. Radiatin: radiatin hazards include thse frm inizing radiatin (alpha and beta particles, gamma and x-rays) and nn-inizing radiatin (UV, IR, lasers). Any experiments invlving expsure t radiatin must be crdinated with the CHO t ensure all federal and state regulatins are met. 4. Cnsider pssible rutes f expsure. Determine the ptential rutes f expsure fr each chemical: there may be mre than ne. Cmmn rutes are inhalatin, ingestin, skin cntact and absrptin, but injectin may als need t be cnsidered. Are the chemicals gases, r are they vlatile enugh t present a significant risk f expsure thrugh inhalatin? If liquid, can the substance be absrbed thrugh the skin? Is it pssible that dusts r aersls will be frmed in the experiment? Des the experiment invlve a significant risk f inadvertent ingestin r injectin f chemicals? The surces f infrmatin listed in step 2 can help. 5. Evaluate the hazards psed by the required equipment. Review prcedures fr crrect use f all equipment. Identify heat and ignitin surces and cnsider apprpriate placement frm them in 26
the labratry. Are any pieces f equipment ging t be under high r lw pressure (e.g., a vacuum line)? Is all glassware free f cracks and chips? 6. Select apprpriate prcedures t minimize expsure. Use the basic prudent practices fr handling chemicals, as discussed in this Chemical Hygiene Plan and ther references such as Prudent Practices in the Labratry (http://www.nap.edu/catalg.php?recrd_id=4911#tc) fr the 1995 versin; the CHO has the updated 2011 versin). Use the hierarchy f cntrls cvered in Sectin 8 f this dcument t minimize the risk psed by the chemicals and equipment t be used in the experiment. Cnsult with the CHO fr assistance with this step. 7. Prepare fr cntingencies. Be aware f UW-Stut plicies and prcedures in the event f emergencies and accidents. Nte the signs and symptms f expsure t the chemicals t be used in the experiment. Sme questins t cnsider are: What are apprpriate measures t take in the event f fire, explsin, injury, spill r expsure t ptentially dangerus quantities f a chemical? What are the apprpriate first aid prcedures in the event f heat, cld r chemical burns? 27
Appendix C Labels On March 26, 2012 OSHA published the Hazard Cmmunicatin Final Rule in the Federal Register, in which it mdified the Hazard Cmmunicatin standard t cnfrm t GHS. The effective date f the final rule is 60 days after the date f publicatin. As f June 1, 2015, all labels will be required t meet the requirements in the new Hazard Cmmunicatin standard. During the transitin perid labels may cmply with the new standard, the ld standard, r bth. UW-Stut shall nt accept delivery f a prduct that des nt meet minimum labeling requirements. Under the new standard, labels n shipped cntainers must include: Prduct identifier used n the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Name, address and telephne number f the chemical manufacturer, imprter r respnsible party. Signal wrd: a wrd used t indicate the relative severity f hazard and alert the reader t a ptential hazard. The signal wrd is either Danger fr mre severe hazards, r Warning fr less severe hazards. Hazard statement(s): a statement assigned t a hazard class and categry that describes the nature f the hazard(s) f a chemical, including, where apprpriate, the degree f hazard. Pictgram(s): a symbl with a specific brder and clr that is intended t cnvey visual infrmatin abut the hazards. Eight pictgrams are designated in the new Hazard Cmmunicatin standard, as shwn in Figure C-1. 28
Figure C-1: GHS Pictgrams and Assciated Hazard Classes Oxidizers Flammables Self Reactives Pyrphrics Self-Heating Emits Flammable Gas Organic Perxides Explsives Self Reactives Organic Perxides Acute Txicity (Severe) Crrsives Gases Under Pressure Carcingen Respiratry Sensitizer Reprductive Txicity Target Organ Txicity Mutagenicity Aspiratin Txicity Envirnmental Txicity Irritant Dermal Sensitizer Acute Txicity (Harmful) Narctic Effects Respiratry Tract Irritatin Precautinary statement(s): a phrase that describes recmmended measures that shuld be taken t minimize r prevent adverse effects resulting frm expsure t a hazardus chemical, r imprper strage r handling. 29
Figure C-2: Sample GHS-Cmpliant Label Under the ld standard, labels n shipped cntainers must include: Identity f the hazardus substance. Apprpriate hazard warning. Name and address f the manufacturer. Labels n incming cntainers f hazardus chemicals shall remain n the cntainer and prtected. UW- Stut staff shall apprpriately re-label the riginal cntainer if the label becmes defaced, remved r therwise illegible. Labels n secndary cntainers. Secndary cntainers are created when a chemical is transferred frm a manufacturer s labeled cntainer int anther cntainer. This may happen if a prtin f the hazardus substance is transferred frm the riginal cntainer t a smaller cntainer fr use at the labratry bench, r t prepare a reagent fr use in the labratry (this culd be a dilutin r it culd invlve preparatin f a mixture). 30
If the secndary cntainer will be under the immediate cntrl f the persn wh perfrms the transfer it des nt require a label. If the secndary cntainer will be used fr strage f a chemical and/r by a persn wh did nt perfrm the transfer frm the manufacturer s cntainer it must be labeled in accrdance with either the new standards in paragraph 2 abve, r: Identity f the hazardus chemical(s), matching the SDS name. Apprpriate hazard warning(s). Hazard warning means any wrds, pictures, symbls, r cmbinatin theref appearing n a label r ther apprpriate frm f warning that cnvey the specific physical and health hazards, including any target rgan effects, f the chemical(s) in the cntainer. Use f the Natinal Fire Prtectin Assciatin (NFPA) r Hazardus Materials Identificatin System (HMIS) symbls may nt be sufficient t cnvey apprpriate warning abut the physical and health hazards, and in particular infrmatin abut target rgans. Therefre, the hazard warning may require a brief statement abut the physical and health hazard effects f the chemical (e.g. causes lung cancer ). Infrmatin prvided n the manufacturer s label and the SDS shuld be helpful in apprpriately labeling secndary cntainers. The Chemical Hygiene Officer will als prvide assistance in determining required label elements. Apprpriate secndary cntainer labeling is the primary respnsibility f the persn wh has direct cntrl f the cntainer. Labratry supervisrs are respnsible fr ensuring that all cntainers f hazardus substances in their wrk area are meet Hazard Cmmunicatin Standard labeling requirements. Other labeling systems are still allwed by OSHA, including the NFPA 704 diamnd and HMIS, as lng as they are cnsistent with the requirements f the Hazard Cmmunicatin Standard and emplyees have immediate access t specific hazard infrmatin. All drs t Jarvis Science Wing and Additin and Heritage Hall labs have a hazard sign that uses bth GHS pictgrams and the NFPA diamnd t give an verview f the chemical hazards cntained within that rm. Figure C-3 illustrates the NFPA system. 31
Figure C-3: NFPA 704 Diamnd 32