Sn. -si. A m-kv Aen. ]n. kptcjv

Sn. -si. A m-kv Aen ae- pdw Pn -bnse s]cn- m- ncn-bn P\n- p. Imen- v k -I-em-im-e-bn \n v hnzym-`ym-k-ønepw ae-bm-f-ønepw _ncp-zm-\- -c-_n-cp-zw. Imen- v bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bn -\n pw "B[p-\nI ae-bmf t\mh-ep-i-fpss cmjv{so-b-]m-cm-bww' F hnjb-øn tumivs-td v.1986- A ym-]-i-\m-bn. Ct mƒ timgn-t msv k -in- m- A-`n-bm t{]m{kmw Hm^o-k. ss{]adn apx lb sk U-dn-X-ew- h-scbp ae-bmf]mty-]- -Xn, ]mt-]p-kvx-iw, A ym-]-ik-lm-bn, A ym-]-i p a p -hm-b\mkma-{kn-iƒ F nh Xøm-dm- p- -Xn ] phln n p- v. ]n. kptcjv timgn-t msv Pn -bnse D ntbcn-bn- P\n p. Imen- v k -I-em-im-e-bn \n v ae-bmf kmln-xy-øn Fw.-F.bpw Fw.-^nepw hnzym-`ym-k-øn _ncpzhpw. "k n-zm-\-µs Ihn-XIfnse cn-\m-]-cn-wmaw' F hnj-b-øn IÆq bqwn-th-gvkn nbn Kth-jWw \S-Øp- p. 1996 A ym-]-i-\m-bn. Ct mƒ timgn-t msv Pn -bnse ]tømfn Kh sa v lb sk - Udn kviqfn πkvsp hn`m-k-øn ae-bmfw A ym-]-i. B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn tej-\-߃, kmlnxy- \n-cq-]-w-߃ F nh Fgp-Xp- p. Un kn kviqƒ d^d kv 1

Sn.- si. A m-kv Aen, ]n. kptcjv aebmf kmlnxyncn{xw Ip niƒ v Ah-Xm-cnI tum. kpip-am Ago-t msv B Un kn _pivkv 3

D C SCHOOL REFERENCE Malayalam Language Malayala Sahithya Charithram Kuttikalkku Reference by T. K. Abbas Ali, P. Suresh First edition Edition November 2010 E-book edition December 2010 Cover Design K. Haridas Publishers DC Books, Kottayam 686 001 Kerala State, India website : www.dcbooks.com ebook website: ebooks.dcbooks.com customer support: ebooksupport@dcbooks.com Although utmost care has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the publishers nor the editors/compilers can accept any liability for any consequence arising from the information contained therein. The publisher will be grateful for any information, which will assist them in keeping future editions up to date. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-81-264-5536-2 D C BOOKS - The first Indian Book Publishing House to get ISO Certification

Df-f-S w BapJw AhXm-cnI : tum. kpip-am Ago-t msv 1. ssicfn IY ]d-bp p 2. \ms ]m- ns ioep-iƒ 3. Ihn-X-bpsS thcp-iƒ 4. aq p alm-i-hn-iƒ 5. ]qt \mw Ihn-X-Iƒ 6. IY-b-dn v B w I -h 7. apf- m-sp-iƒ ]qø-t mƒ 8. Ihn-X-bnse bpk n-dhn 9. kuµ-cy-øns Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ 10. ]pxp-a-bpss kpk w 11. kwl-s-\-ifpw kwhm-z-ßfpw 12. KZy-Øns hgn-iƒ 13. ]{X-ß-fpsS hrøm w 14. IY-bpsS IY 15. Pohn-X-Øns GSp-Iƒ 16. I Db-cp-tºmƒ 17. `mjbpss lrzbw 18. Nncn-bpsS ]qøn-cn-iƒ 19. C -se-bpss hgn-iƒ 20. IÆ-S-sh t\m -߃ 21. hn m-\-øns Infn-hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ 22. k m-cn-bpss Ipdn- p-iƒ 23. Ah-\-h\pw a p- -hcpw 24. samgn-am-dnb kmlnxyw 25. Ip n-iƒ p-th n 5

aebmf kmlnxyncn{xw Ip niƒ v A\p_ w 1. ]c-io-b-]-z-߃ 2. ae-bm-f-ønse {]apj ]{X-߃ 3. kmwkvim-cni ÿm]-\-߃ 4. tic-f-ønse {]apj ]pkvx-i-{]-km-[-i 5. kmlnxy ]pc-kvim-c-߃ 6. ae-bm-f-ønse m\-]ottpxm- ƒ 7. XqenIm\ma-߃ 6

BapJw hmbn- p-hm IY-Ifpw ]m p-ifpw t\mh-ep-i-fp-sams Ip n-iƒ p C p [mcmfw e`y-am-wv. F m ae-bm-f-km-ln-xyw, kwkvimcw F n-h-sb- p-dn v Ah-t_m-[-ap- m-ip Xc-Øn-ep- {KŸ-߃ th {X Ds p txm p- n-. Cu Ipdhp ]cn-l-cn- p- -Xn-\p- Ffnb {ia-amwv Cu ]pkvx-iw. tic-f-øns al-ømb kmln-xy-]m-c-º-cyw, Iem-]m-c-ºcyw F nh-sb- - n-bp Adnhv Bg-Øn kzmwio-i-cns - n am{xta ae-bm-ftømspw \ΩpsS kwkvim-c-tømspw kvt\lhpw BZ-c-hp-ap- Hcp Xeapd hf p-h-cn-i-bp q. tic-f-ønse Fgp-Øp-Im, kmln-xy-{]-ÿm- \-߃, Ch cq]-s kmaq-ln-ihpw kmwkvim-cn-i-hp-amb ] m-øew F n-hsb kwt -]n v hni-i-e\w snøm-\mwv Cu ]pkvx-i-øn {ian- n- p- Xv. Ncn-{X-Øns hnc-k-amb \mƒh-gn- -W- p-iƒ Hgn-hm n Ip n- Iƒ v lrzy-amb BJym-\-coXn kzoi-cn- m {ian- n- p- v. ae-bmf kmlnxyncn-{xsø CXp-t]m-semcp sndn-b -]p-kvx-i-øn ka-{k-sa- nepw kw n-]vxambn {]Xn-]m-Zn- -t mƒ kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw Nne Fgp- Øp-Im Hgn-hm- s - n- p- m-imw. Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-sSbpw IrXn-I-fp-sSbpw ] n-i-b- t m kmlnxyncn-{xw. CØ-c-samcp {KŸ-c-N-\bv v t{]c-w-\ Inb {io ]n. tkma, ]pkvxiw ]cn-tim-[n v \n tz-i-߃ X {io knhniv N{µ, t{]m mln- n {io Fw.F. Imc-t»cn F n-h-tcmsv R߃ IrX- -cm-wv. Ht sd Xnc- p-iƒ n-s-bnepw Cu ]pkvxiw BZym-h-km\w ]cn-tim- [n- p-ibpw hne-tb-dnb \n tz-i-߃ \ Ip-Ibpw Ah-Xm-cn-I-bm Cu ]pkvx-isø A\p-{K-ln- p-ibpw snbvx {io kpip-am Agot m- Sn-t\m-Sp IS- mspw \µnbpw R߃ lrz-b-øn kq n- p- p. 2002 {]kn- o-i-cn Cu ]pkvx-i-øn\p hmb-\- m Bth-i-I-camb t{]m m-l-\-amwp \ In-b-Xv. Ign F p- h j- m-eøn\n-s-bn ae-bm-f-km-ln-xy-øn-ep- mb am -ß-sfbpw ]pxnb {]h-w-x-i-sfbpw Dƒs -Sp-Øm\pw ]pkvxiw ]cn-jvicn- m\pw {ian- n- p- v. c mw-]-xn- ns {]km-[-\- p-a-xe Gs -SpØ Un -kn _pivkn-t\msv R߃ IrX- cm-wv. timgn-t msv Sn. -si. A mkv Aen ]n. kptc-jv 7

AhXm-cnI tum. kpip-am Ago-t msv "ae-bm-f-km-ln-xy-n-cn{xw Ip n-iƒ v' F Cu {KŸw hmb-\- m p ka n- m Ah-kcw e`n- -Xn Rm hfsc kt m-jn- p- p. A[ym-]-I IqSn-bmb c v bph-te-j-i tn v Fgp-Xn-b-Xn\m Ip n-isf Dt±-in psim p- Cu {KŸ-c-N-\bv v Nne ta a-iƒ ssih- -Xmbn F\n p txm p- p. tej-i A[ym-]-I-cm-b-Xn-\m alm-km-k-c-amb kmln-xy-n-cn-{xsø sndn-sbmcp ssi p-ºn-fn HXp- p-tºmƒ {i n-t a Ω{][m-\-ß-fmb Imcy-ß-fn-se mw Ah-cpsS IÆv sn n- p- v. hkvxp-x-i-fpss _mlp-eyhpw Hgn-hm-t - -Xns Bh-iyhpw CW- n-s m v Cß-s\-sbmcp {KŸw Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ \nc -c-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-abw A\p-t]- -Wo-b-am-Wv. c pt] Hcp ]pkvxiw cnn- -Xp-sIm- v, XpS-sc-bp- mb N -bp-ssbpw Xncp-Ø-en-s bpw sa w Cu IrXn v Ah-Im-i-s -Sm-hp- -Xm-Wv. alm-ihn D q-cns kap-t{zm-]-a-amb kmln-xy-n-cn-{x-øn-\p-t]mepw ka-{kx e`n n ns kxyw Adn-bp- -h-cmwv hmb-\- m. alm-ihn p X n- -f-tb hkvxpx H p-an-. F m Cu Fgp-Øp-Im p X m-\p -XmWp IqSp-X. AXmWv CXns cn-\-bpss {]bm-kw. Cu Zp L-S-ß-sf-sb mw XcWwsNbvXv Ip n-iƒ v ae-bm-f-kmln- Xy-Øns BZn-sXm v C phsc-bp- F m kmln-xy-hn-`h-ß-sf- - nbpw, kw n-]vx-sa- nepw th sxm pw Hgn-hm- msx, Fgp-X-s - -XmWv Cu IrXn. kmt Xn-I-kw- -Ifpw ]mwvun-xy-{]-i-s-\-ßfpw Hgn-hm ns m p efn-x-amb ssien DS-\ofw ]pe Øn-bn-cn- p- p. hkvxpx- Iƒ p kq va-xbpw A`n-{]m-b-߃ p \njv]- -Xbpw \nka-\- ߃ v B[n-Im-cn-I-Xbpw ]pe Øn- m-wp- p. Ip n-iƒ Cu IrXn CjvS-tØmsS hmbn- p-xo pw. Ahsc ] mfn- I-fm- n-s m pw Ah-cpsS Xm ]-cy-ßsf DW Øn-s m pw kpoham- -s Hcp k{º-zm-b-amwv CXns cn-\-bn {]tbm-kn- n- p- Xv. Hcp henb NßmXn F -t]mse Ip n-i-tfmsp s]cp-am-dp IrXn-bm- WnXv. sndnb ]pkvx-i-am-sw- n-epw, ]gbime-øns hnzq-c-irw-k-ßfpw ]pxnb Ime-Øns \mºp-ifpw XpSn- p-ifpw Cu Ncn-{X-IrXn hmb-\- m p \ Ip p. ]g-s m pi-sfbpw ]g-ºm- p-i-sf-bpw-] n hnh-cn- p Xpt]mse kn\n-am-km-\-ß-sfbpw sxcp-hp-\m-s-i-ß-sfbpw Xnc- Y- I-sfbpw Cu kmln-xy-n-cn{xw sxm pgn p t]mip- p- v. 9

aebmf kmlnxyncn{xw Ip niƒ v hnzym n-iƒ v, ]co- -Iƒ pw ]mty-]- -Xn-Iƒ pw A p-døv aueni[mc-w-iƒ simsp p- -Xn\p klm-b-i-amb \s mcp ae-bmf kmln-xy-n-cn{xw FgpXn {]kn- o-i-cn- p Cu bph-km-ln-xy-im-c- msc A\p-tam-Zn- p-sim v Cu Ipdn v \n Ø-s. Xriq, 6 4-2002 10

1. ssicfn IY ]d-bp p \ ΩpsS Np pw ItÆm-Sn p t\m q! F{X at\m-l-c-amwo temiw! ]q ƒ, Cfw-Im- v, \oem-im-iw, Ipdn n- q- bpw Ip p-ß-fpw, apdp- n-t m- n Np p-ambn hmg- -øn h n-cn- p ]\- -Ø, AΩbpsS asn-bn-en-cp v ]p n-cn- p Cfw-ss]-X... -A-ß-s\-b-ßs\ kpµ-chpw BI j-i-hp-amb {]] w. F m Ch am{x-amtwm \ap p Np p-ap- Xv? ZpjvS-ar-K-߃, simsp m- v, ] n-wn- m-h-߃, tcmkn- Iƒ, Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn- p- -h... F{X ZpxJI-c-amWv Cu {]] PohnXw. F n pw \mw Cu `qansb CjvS-s -Sp- p. sshhn-[y-am `q{]-tz-i-߃, hyxykvx kz`m-h- m-cmb a\pjy, ]e-xcw kwkvim-c-߃ F n-h-sb- p-dn-s mw Adn-bm \aps ms Xm ]-cy-ap- v. D n-ep- hnim-c-߃ {]I-Sn- n- m\pw Ah a p- -hsc Adn-bn- m\pw \ap v P -hm-k-\-bp- v. a p -h-cpss PohnXsØ- p-dn- -dn-bm\pw a\p-jy v Xm ]cyw IqSpw. Cu temi-øn am{x-a `mh\ D]-tbm-Kn v \n Ωn- p k ev]-tem-i-ønepw a\pjy v AXn-bmb Xm ]-cy-ap- -t m. hnim-c-߃ Bhn-jvIcn- m\pw Bkz-Zn- m-\p-ap Cu B{K-l-amWv Ie-Iƒ v P w \ In-b-Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bnse kuµ-cyhpw sshcq-]y-hpw, kz]v\-hpw, {]Xo- -bpsams A\p-`-h-s -Sp-Øn-Ø-cp- -h-bmwv Ie-Iƒ. kwko-xw, Nn{X-Ie, kmln-xyw, hmkvxp-in-ev]w, {]Xnaminev]w, \msyw F n-hsb \mw kpµ-c-i-e-iƒ F p hnfn- p- p. Ch-sb mw Htct]mse-bmtWm? As p \n߃ -dn-bmw. Ah-tbm-tcm- n\pw hyxy-kvx-amb {]Imi\ coxn-bm-wp- -Xv. kwkoxw i_vz-øn-eq-ssbpw, Nn{X-Ie hc-iƒ, \nd߃ F n-h-bn-eq-ss-bpw, kmlnxyw `mj-bn-eq-ssbpw, \msyw ico-cm-hb-h-ß-fpss Ne-\-Øn-eq-sS-bpw, hmkvxpinev]-hpw {]Xn-am-inev]hpw cq]- Øn-eqsSbpamWv hnim-c-߃ {]Im-in- n- p- -Xv. at\m-l-c-ß-fmb ]Z-߃, Bi-b-߃ F n-h-bn-eqss Pohn-X- Øns `mh-߃ Bhn-jvIcn- p- -Xm-Wv kmln-xyw. "i_vzm u klnxu Imhyw' F mwv `mc-xob kmlnxy k ev]w. AXm-bXv i_vzhpw A hpw CW-ßn-t XmWv kmln-xyw. Hmtcm ImesØbpw P\-ß-fpsS Pohn-X-co-Xn, ImgvN- m-sp-iƒ, B{K-l-߃, kz]v\- ߃ F n-h-bmwv kmln-xy-øn\p hnj-b-am-ip- -Xv. \ΩpsS kwkvimc-sø- p-dn- p Adnhv ]q Æ-am-I-W-sa- n kmln-xy-øns Ncn{Xw- IqSn Adn- n-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. tic-fo-b-cmb \ap v hfsc kº- -amb 11