ticf kmlnxy A m-zan {]kn- o-icww G{]n 2013 hne 5 cq] XIgn: kmwkvim-cni \thm- m\ \mb-i F.-sI.-B Wn {]Xn-I-cWw Hcp I hs-a Fw.

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1 ticf kmlnxy A m-zan {]kn- o-icww G{]n 2013 hne 5 cq] XIgn: kmwkvim-cni \thm- m\ \mb-i ti{µ-a{ n F.-sI.-B Wn {]Xn-I-cWw Hcp I hs-a Fw.-ap-Ip-µ

$kmln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gn-bpsS k -]-Y-ß-ƒ F {KŸ-Øns {]Im-i-\-N-S-ßn {KŸw kzoi-cn ti{μ-a{ n s{]m^. si.-hn.$ $txmakv amxyp F n-h kao]w tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-zan Imbn- c Bim kvamci HmUn-t m-dn-b-øn kwl-sn- n kmln-xy-kw-kaw s{]m^. hn.$

2 kmln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gn-bpsS k -]-Y-ß-ƒ F {KŸ-Øns {]Im-i-\-N-S-ßn {KŸw kzoi-cn ti{μ-a{ n s{]m^. si.-hn. txmakv kwkm-cn- p- p. s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μ, ti{μ-a{ n F.-sI.-B -Wn, a{ n si.-_m-_p, A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyp F n-h kao]w tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-zan Imbn- c Bim kvamci HmUn-t m-dn-b-øn kwl-sn- n kmln-xy-kw-kaw s{]m^. hn.-cm-p-ir-jvw DZvLm-S\w snøp- p. kmln-xy-a- m-zan sk{i- dn B.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW, {]kn-u v s]cp-º-s-hw {io[-c, \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwKw tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, s{]m^. Fkv. kp[ojv F n-h kao-]w.

3 kmlnxy hm Øm-am-knI G{]n 2013 ]pkvxiw 38 e w 7 hne: 5.00 hm jni hcn-kw-jy 50 cq] D -S w ap Ime Fgp-Øp-Im ]cn-h Ø-\-ßƒ v t{]cw \evin ti{μ-a{ n F.-sI.-B Wn 4 Bim : a\p-jy-\n-e-\n ns ASnÿm\w txsnb Ihn tum. hn. cmp-ir-jvw 5 {]Xn-I-cWw Hcp I -h-s-a Fw.-ap-Ip-μ 6 IYm-t\cw tum. s_ n-tamƒ amxyp 7 tih-e Ihn-X-bn \n -I-ep p tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b 10 th\-en hnhm-z-ßƒ hnb Øpw Xfn Øpw Ip n- -Æ hmwn-ta 13 ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn s]cp-º-shw {io[-c {]kn-u v B tkm]m-e-ir-jvw sk{i- dn & FUn- hnemkw: ticf kmlnxy A m-zan, Xriq , t^m : keralasahityaakademi@gmail.com Web: keralasahityaakademi.org hn. F. Atim-I k_v FUn- - hn\-bvem, {Inb Xriq Ih Unssk a[p Imcym v {]q^v Imbn- -c-bnse kmln-xy-kw-kaw am\p-jn-i-x-bn-te pw kzmx-{ y-øn-te pw Db søgp-t tic-fo-bs \ho\ Bi-b-ß-fp-sSbpw Nn m-k-xn- I-fp-sSbpw km m-xv m-c-amwv Bim Ihn-X. tic-fob \thm- m-\-øns Bfl-k-Øsb P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn Fgp- Xn-t Ø alm-ihn Ipam-c-\m-ims m-axv P -Zn\ BtLm-j-ßƒ Bims P -{Km-a-amb Imbn- -c-bn \S- p-i-bp- m-bn. A m-zan 2013 G{]n 24\v Bim satωmdn-b Atkm n-tb-js kl-i-c-w-tømss Bim kvamci Imhy-{Km-a-Øn kwl-sn- n kmln-xy-kw-kaw alm-i-hn-bv p DNn-X-amb {i m-rvp-en-bm-bn. cmhnse tum. hn. cmp-ir-jvw DZvLm-S\w snbvx skan-\m-dn s{]m^. Fkv. kp[ojv apjy-{]-_ w Ah-X-cn- n- p. D bv p-tijw Fw. apip-μs {]`m-j-whpw apjm-apjw ]cn- ]m-snbpw \S- p. XpS v Ihn-k-tΩ-f\w \oew-t]-cq a[pkq-z-\ \m-b DZvLm-S\w snbvxp. Ipam-c-\m-ims imiz- X-kva-cW t{]m zen- n- p hn[-am-bn-cp p Hmtcm hm p- Ifpw CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpw. C y-bn-se ]c-tam- X ]pc-kvim-c-amb "kckz-xo-k- Ωm\'Øn\v A l-bmb kpk-x-ip-am-cnbv v A m-z-an-bpss kvt\lm-zcw A n- p NS-ßn FØn-t -cm AkpJw aqew So- m-bn-. A p-xs k ybv v A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c\pw sk{i- -dnbpw kpk-x-ip-am-cn-bpss ho sn v ImWp-Ibpw A m-z-anbpss BZ-c-{]-Wmaw Adn-bn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Ac-\q- m- p-im-e-ambn ae-bm-f-im-hy-hn-lm-b- n ]mdn- -d- p hm\ºm-sn-bmwv kpk-x-ip-am-cn. kpk-x-ip-am-cnbv v e`n "kc-kz-xn-k-ωm\w' ae-bm-f-`m-jbv v ssih al-ømb AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. A m-zan ka n s]m m-sbpw BZ-c- ^-e-ihpw \nd a\-t m-ss-bmwv So G p-hm-ßn-b-xv. \K-c-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ kwl-sn- n- pi F ]Xn-hp-io-e-Øn \n pw Hcp hgn-amdn \S-Ø-am-bn-cp p Imbn- c F IS-tem-c-{Km-a-Øn kwl-sn- n kmln- Xy-kw-K-aw. km[m-c-w- m p-iqsn ]s -Sp- m-hp hn[- Øn-ep ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ \ p-{]-tz-i-ß-fn kwl-sn- n- m A m-z-an v B{K-l-ap- v. hnhn[ Pn -I-fn \n pw FØnt {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ kmln-xy-kw-k-a-øns am v h n- n- p. ASn-ÿm-\-X-e-Øn kwlm-s-\-{i-a-ß-tfmsv kl-icn Bim satωm-dn-b Atkm- n-tb-j-t\msp A m- Z-an-bpsS IrX- X tcj-s -Sp-Ø-s. B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw FUn- (sk-{i- -dn, ticf kmlnxy A m-z-an) Printed & Published by R Gopalakrishnan on behalf of Kerala Sahitya Akademi, Thrissur , and printed at Santhibhavan Press, Kannamkulangara, Thrissur, Kerala and Published at Thrissur, Thrissur District, Kerala State. Editor : R. Gopalakrishnan

$Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gn-bpsS k -]Y-ßƒ {]Im-i\w snbvxp tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gn-bpsS k -]-Y-ßƒ F {KŸw {]Im-in- n v ti{μa{ n F.-sI.-B Wn kwkm-cn- p- p.$ $ap Ime Fgp-Øp-Im ]cnh Ø-\-ßƒ v t{]cw \evin ti{μ-a{ n F.-sI.$

4 Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gn-bpsS k -]Y-ßƒ {]Im-i\w snbvxp tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gn-bpsS k -]-Y-ßƒ F {KŸw {]Im-in- n v ti{μa{ n F.-sI.-B Wn kwkm-cn- p- p. kmln-xy-a- m-zan sk{i- dn B.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW, s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μ, a{ n si.- _m-_p, A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, ssl_n CuU Fw.-F.-F., s{]m^.fw. txmakvamxyp F n-h kao-]w. ap Ime Fgp-Øp-Im ]cnh Ø-\-ßƒ v t{]cw \evin ti{μ-a{ n F.-sI.-B Wn ]cnh Ø\m-fl-I-amb {]h Ø-\-ßƒ v bph-p-\- ßsf t{]cn- n- p- -Xm-bn-cp p XI-gn-b-S- -ap ap - Im-esØ kmln-xy-im-c- m-cpss IrXn-I-sf v {]Xn-tcm- [-hip pa{ n F.-sI. B -Wn A`n-{]m-b-s p. ASn-a- Xz-Øn\pw kzm-nm-c-øn-\p-sa-xn-cmbn i -ambn t]mcm- Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cp p Ah-sc p B Wn Iq n-t Øp. ticf kmlnxy A m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn- p s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μs "XI-gn-bpsS k K-]-Yßƒ' F {KŸw {]Im-i\w snbvxv {]kw-kn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. A sø kaq-l- Øn D m-b-xn-t\- mƒ Po W-X-Ifpw Xn - Ifpw C v ]pxnb cq]-ønepw `mh-ønepw \Sam-Sn-sIm- n-cn- p-i-bmwv. CXn-s\-Xnsc {]txyi coxn-bn-ep {]Xn-tj-[hpw Db p-h-cp- p- v. ]g-b-im-e-tø-xp-t]mse Xn -Iƒs -Xnsc s]mcp- Xm-\p kmln-xy-im-c- m-cp-ssbpw kmaq-lni \mb-i-cp-ss-bpw C m-i n C n- m-ø-xmwv CØ-c-samcp CS-s]-S-en\p Imc-Ww. Po W-X- Iƒs -Xnsc kmwkvim-cni {]h Ø-I G hpw ap n \n p-sim v s]mcp-x-w-sa pw B Wn Iq n-t Øp. Fd-Wm-Ipfw Su lm-fn \S NS-ßn FIvsskkv hip pa{ n si. _m_p A[y- X 4 hln- p. ti{μ-a{ n s{]m^. si.-hn. txmakv ]pkvxiw G p-hm-ßn. s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyp ]pkvx-i-]-cn-nbw \S-Øn. sim n tim -tdj tab tsmwn NΩ-Wn, ssl_n CuU Fw.-F.-F., s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μ, A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw F n-h {]kw-kn- p. tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μs XI-gnbpsS k -]-Y-ßƒ F {KŸw {]Im-in- n NS-ßn a{ n si.-_m_p A y- -{]-kwkw \S-Øp- p. -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$i\w : km[y-x-ifpw ]cn-an-xn-ifpw skan-\m Bim : a\p-jy-\n-e-\n ns ASn-ÿm\w txsnb Ihn tum. hn.$

5 kmwkvim-cni hna i\w : km[y-x-ifpw ]cn-an-xn-ifpw skan-\m Bim : a\p-jy-\n-e-\n ns ASn-ÿm\w txsnb Ihn tum. hn. cmp-ir-jvw temi-\o-xnsb hnnm-cw snøp-ibpw Zpc- -{]- kvxm-h-\-iƒ sim v bh-\-\m-s-i-ønse {]tl-fn-isf Hm Ωn- n- p-ibpw snøp Bims \mbn-i-am hymjym-\n- m-\m-hmø hy n-xz-ap IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmsW v tum. hn. cmp-ir-jvw ]d- p. ticf kmlnxy A m-z-anbpw Bim satωm-dn-b Atkmkn-tb-j\pw kwbp- -ambn kwl-sn- n kmln-xy-kw- K-a-Øn kmwkvim-cnihna i\w: km[y-x-ifpw ]cnan-xn-ifpw F skan-\m Bim kvamci HmUn-t mdn-b-øn DZvLm-S\w snbvxv kwkm-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. ]c-º-cm-k-x-ambn AwKo-I-cn- -s kzm-n-mck ]-ßsf tnmzyw snbvx "eoe'bpw "\fn\n'bpw `qxm-hn-jvs-sc-t mse {]W-b-km- m-xvim-c-øn\p th n GIm-{K-{]-bmWw \S-Øn. kaq-l-a-\- ns Bg-ß-fnse Zm i-\n-i-xbpw ka-ky-ifpw kzmx-t{ - -Ifpw shfns -Sp-Øp Bim Ihn-X-Iƒ \ho-\-amb kmwkvimcn-i-hn-a i-\-]- -Xn-IƒsIm v ]p\ hm-bn-t - -Xps pw At±lw ]d- p. Fgp-Ø- -\p-tijw ae-bm-f-i-hn-x-bpss as mcp Kncn- irw-k-ambn amdnb Bim km Δ-P-\o-\-amb a\p-jym- \p-`-h-ßsf ka-{k-ambn km m-xvi-cn- alm-i-hn-bmwv F v skan-\m-dn A y- X hln- p-sim v A m- Zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c ]d- p. sshtzini-i- n-i-fpss B`y- c A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xnsc Iem-]-Øns XosIm-fp-Ønb Ihn-bmWv Bim-s\ v skan-\m-dn hnjm-bm-h-x-cww \S-Ønb s{]m^. Fkv. kp[ojv ]d- p. B A -Øn Bim simtfm- Wn-b-en-k-Øn-s\-Xnsc hn]p-e-amb kzmx{ y-k- ev]w apt m- p-sh-bv p-i-bm-bn-cp- p-sh pw At±lw XpS p. kmlnxy A m-zan \n Δm-l-I-k-an-Xn-bwKw tum. sjm Æq Im Øn-tI-b tamu-td- -dmb kwhm- Z-Øn si.-f-kv. jq_, abm-_n-μp ]n.-_n., N{μ-cmPv kn., dmwn hn.-f. XpSßn-b-h {]_- -ßƒ Ah-Xcn- n- p. NS-ßn A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-irjvw kzmk-xhpw Bim kvamci K-th-jW ]T-\- ti{μw I ho-\ tum. _n. `ph-\-n-{μ \μnbpw ]d p. ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an Bim satωm-dn-b Atkm- n-tb-j-s kl-i-c-w-tømss Imbn- c Bim kvamci HmUn-t m-dn-b- Øn \S-Ønb kmln-xy-kw-k-a-øn kmln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c A y- -{]-kwkw \S-Øp- p. A m- Zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw, s{]m^. Fkv. kp[o-jv, A m-zan \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwKw tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tIb F n-h kao]w 2013 G{]n 5

$kmwkvim-cni hna i\w : km[y-x-ifpw ]cn-an-xn-ifpw skan-\m {]Xn-I-cWw Hcp I -h-s-a Fw. apip-μ kmaq-ly-kw-`-h-ß-tfmsv {]Xn-I-cn- -Wtam th tbm F Xv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs Xocp-am-\-am-sW v Fw. apip-μ ]d p.$ $Fs - nepw {]iv\-ß-fp- mbm DS {]Xn-I-cn- pi F Xv Fs coxn-b. ASnb- cm-h-ÿ-tbm-sp {]Xn-I-cWw ap Xp h jßƒ p-tijw U ln KmY-Iƒ F t\mh-en-emwv Bhn-jv -cn- -Xv.$

6 kmwkvim-cni hna i\w : km[y-x-ifpw ]cn-an-xn-ifpw skan-\m {]Xn-I-cWw Hcp I -h-s-a Fw. apip-μ kmaq-ly-kw-`-h-ß-tfmsv {]Xn-I-cn- -Wtam th tbm F Xv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs Xocp-am-\-am-sW v Fw. apip-μ ]d p. ticf kmlnxy A- m-z-anbpw Bim satωm-dn-b Atkm-kn-tb-j\pw kwbp- - ambn B-im kvamci HmUn-t m-dn-b-øn kwl-sn- n kmln-xy-kw-k-a-øn {]`m-jww \SØn kwkm-cn- p- I-bm-bn-cp p A-t±-lw. Fs - nepw {]iv\-ß-fp- mbm DS {]Xn-I-cn- pi F Xv Fs coxn-b. ASnb- cm-h-ÿ-tbm-sp {]Xn-I-cWw ap Xp h jßƒ p-tijw U ln KmY-Iƒ F t\mh-en-emwv Bhn-jv -cn- -Xv. U ln 1981 F IY DS {]Xn-I-c- W-ambn Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. C n-t mƒ C-cp-]-Øn-\mep awn- q-dn-\p- n {]Xn-I-cWw thw-sa- mwv ]e-cpssbpw Bh-iyw. {]Xn-I-c-W-Øns I -h-s-øn-\n-cn- p Bf Fgp-Øp-Im-c. Aß-s\-bm-sW- n Rm Fgp-Øp-Xs \n Øpw apipμ ]d- p. h Ø-am-\-Im-e-kw-`-h-ßƒ AtX ]Sn ]I Ønbm Nne-t mƒ IY-bm-Ipw. Znt\m-k-dp-I-fpsS Imew Aßs\ Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. ae-bmfn am{x-amwv a\p-jys\ anyym-k- -ev]-øn-emwv ae-bm-fn-i-sf v apip-μ A`n-{]m-b-s - p. ] m-_nsb apjy-i-ym-]m-{x-ambn Fgp- Xn-bm AXv Pohn-X-K- n-bm-in- F hnizm-k-amwv ae-bm-fn-bp-ts-xv. bm{x-i-fn-eq-ssbpw hn]p-e-amb hmb- \-bn-eq-ssbpw am{xta CXv adn-i-s- m Ign-bq. Fgp- Xm Ign- n-s - n Pohn- m-\m-hn F \n -b- Zm Vy-amWv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\ apt m v \bn-t - -sx v At±lw ]d- p. A m-zan AwKw tum. APn-X tat\møv tamu-td- -dm-bn-cp- p. XpS v \S Ihn ktω-f\w \oew-t]-cq a[p-kq- Z-\ \mb DZvLm-S\w snbvxp. tem], C{μ _m_p, t n txma-kv, im, a p sh -mbwn F n-h Ihn-X-Iƒ Ah-X-cn- n- p. AUz. sndp- n-bq Pb-{]- Imiv \μn tcj-s -Sp-Øn. ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an Bim satωm-dn-b Atkm- n-tb-j-s kl-i-c-w-tømss Imbn- c Bim kvamci HmUn-t m-dn-b- Øn \S-Ønb kmln-xy-kw-k-a-ønse "kmwkvim-cni hna i\w : km[y-x-ifpw ]cn-an-xn-ifpw' F skan-\m-dn s{]m^. Fkv. kp[ojv hnjbw Ah-X-cn- n v kwkm-cn- p- p. A m-zan \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwKw tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b kao]w (CS- Øv). Ihn-k-tΩ-f\w \oew-t]-cq a[p-kq-z-\ \mb DZvLm-S\w snøp- p (heøv). 6 -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$IYm-t\cw tum. s_ n-tamƒ amxyp IYbpsS h Ø-am\w ae-bmf sndp-i-y-bpss h Ø-am\w G hpw {]Im-iam-\-ambn a\- n-em- m-\m-hp- Xv B\p-Im-enI {]kn- o- I-c-W-ß-fpsS samgn-b-g-in-em-wv.$ $IY-bpsS ssph-ssh-hn-[y-ß-fneq-ss, Ib n-d- -ßfn-eqsS \S-Øp bm{x Hcp-]mSp {]nb cl-ky-ß-sfbpw Cμp-ta-t\m A{]nb kxy-ß-sfbpw Af pw Hgn pw sxfn pw shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p.$ $AXns XpS -bn kw`-hn- p Hgn-hm- m- \m-hmø Zpc- w. CW-bn \n pw AI-ep ]pcp-j. ]pxnb Imap-In-am BtLm-j-ambn amdp ssewkn- I-X. s]æn-\p-am{xw hn[n- -s Nmcn-{Xyw. ac-w-th- bpss {]tabw CsXm-s -Ø-s.$ $bm{x- n-s-bn _kn h p ]cn-n-b-s I\ym-kv{Xo, Fenk-_Øpw AhnsS h v hnhm-ln-x-bm- Ip- p. kpaw-k-e- -_-jo Zº-Xn-amcpw Fen-k-_-Øv- -sf-kiv Zº-Xn-amcpw ASp-Ø-SpØp Xma-kn- p- p.$

7 IYm-t\cw tum. s_ n-tamƒ amxyp IYbpsS h Ø-am\w ae-bmf sndp-i-y-bpss h Ø-am\w G hpw {]Im-iam-\-ambn a\- n-em- m-\m-hp- Xv B\p-Im-enI {]kn- o- I-c-W-ß-fpsS samgn-b-g-in-em-wv. H pw Pmfytam PmUtbm C msx IY-]-d- n-ens ]pxp-h-gn-iƒ CSbp-Ibpw Ie-cp- Ibpw CS-I-e -a-cp-ibpw snøp hnim-e-`q-an-i-bm-w-xv. IY- ]-d-bm\pw tiƒ m\p-ap a\p-jy-a-\- ns Hu kpiyw Imem-Xo-X-ambn XpS-cp- p. IY-bpsS ssph-ssh-hn-[y-ß-fneq-ss, Ib n-d- -ßfn-eqsS \S-Øp bm{x Hcp-]mSp {]nb cl-ky-ß-sfbpw Cμp-ta-t\m A{]nb kxy-ß-sfbpw Af pw Hgn pw sxfn pw shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p. amxr-`qan am v mw Xob-Xn-bnse ]Xn- n Cμpta-t\ms "ac-w-th 'sb IY-bp- v. {]ta-b-øne BJym-\-Øn-emWp ]pxp-a-bpss tncp-h. hyxy-kvx-a-xÿ-cpss {]W-bw, A\n-hm-cy-amb Hfn-t m- w, H -s Pohn-Xw. AXns XpS -bn kw`-hn- p Hgn-hm- m- \m-hmø Zpc- w. CW-bn \n pw AI-ep ]pcp-j. ]pxnb Imap-In-am BtLm-j-ambn amdp ssewkn- I-X. s]æn-\p-am{xw hn[n- -s Nmcn-{Xyw. ac-w-th- bpss {]tabw CsXm-s -Ø-s. kpaw-ke F sduym bph-xnbpw _jo F apk am\pw {]Wb-_- -cmbn Hfn-t msn hb-\m- n-semcp cpn-kv{sm B^okn h p hnhm-ln-x-cm-ip- p. bm{x- n-s-bn _kn h p ]cn-n-b-s I\ym-kv{Xo, Fenk-_Øpw AhnsS h v hnhm-ln-x-bm- Ip- p. kpaw-k-e- -_-jo Zº-Xn-amcpw Fen-k-_-Øv- -sf-kiv Zº-Xn-amcpw ASp-Ø-SpØp Xma-kn- p- p. sfk pw Fen-k-_Øpw ]ncn-bp- p Im-cWw Fen-k-_Øpw _jo-dpam-bp ASp w Bbn-cp- p. kpaw- K-ebpw _jodpw Du n-bn-se-øp- p. AhnsS B ZmºXyw kmº-øni kpc t\sp- p. ai tkm\p ]nd- p- p. Igp-Øn I XSn- p-ambn Bip-]-{Xn-bn t]mbn h _jo Bfl-lXy snøp- p. Hcp Bfl-l G{]n h -e hmxp-t»cn hn\p G{_lmw Xym- p-dn- p-t]mepw Fgp-Xn-h-bv m-sx. ai tkm\p hfcp- p. Ah kwl-]-cn-hm-dns Bfm-Wv. lnμp-xz- Øn hniz-kn- p-, ap o-ßsf shdp- p eu Pnlm- Zn-s\- p-dn v At\z-jn- p-, AXn hmkvx-h-ap-s - -dn v Aa jwsim- p saun- ÃpU m-wh. Xs ]nxmhpw NXn-b-\m-Wv. Abmƒ Bfl-l-Xy-bm NXn- p. F m ap o-ßfpw NXn-b- m-cm-wv. AXmWp tkm\p-hns ] w. Fenk-_Øv FbvUvkv _m[n p acn- t mƒ kpaw-ke ImWm t]mbn. AhnsS h v sfk- ns\ I p. kpaw-ke sndn-sbmcp tcmk-hp-ambn Bip-]-{Xn-bn-se- Øp- p. ]cn-tim-[-\-bn Ahfpw F v.-sf.-hn. t]mkn- ohv BWv. tumivs-dpss ap n Ahƒ \ne-hn-fn- p- p. ]Xn-aq- p-h j-ambn hn[-h-bmbn Ign-bp Xm AØ-c- m-cn-b-. tumivs _jo-dns NXn-bpsS IY shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p. ]Xn-aq- p-h jw aps Abmƒ F v.-sf.-hn. t]mkn- ohv Bbn-cp- p. AIm-c-W-amb B Bfl-l-XybpsS ImcWw AXm-bn-cp- p. C y-bn-emsi thtcm- -ap-, kmam\yw \ am - p ap ow hncp- -Xsb BtLm-jn- p- p v Cμp-tat\m. A -ap- o-amb tkm\p-hn-eq-ss. tkm\p-hns hmzw, NXn-b- m-sc {]tbmkw Hs km[q-i-cn- p p IY. as m v FbvUvkn-s\- p-dn v ]c- p-i-gn [mc-w-bp-ss, kmaq-lni t_m[-øns Bh Ø-\-am-Wv. Ak- m ni Pohn-X-Øns _m n-]-{xamwv FbvUvkv. C P-Ivj kqnnbn-eq-ss, c -kzo-i-c-w-øn-eqss Aßs\ ssewkn-i-_- -a- mø F{Xtbm am -ßƒ tcmk-øn-\mbn A jmzv _tøcn Xpd- p-in-s- p- v. F nepw _jo F Imam-k- -\n-eqss ]c ]m]- _o-p-ambn Cu alm-tcm-k-tc-wp- sf IY AS-bm-f-s - Sp-Øp- p. 7

$XnI pw ]pxp-a-bm s mcp {]ta-b-øns kc-km- Jym-\-amWv t_mwn txma-kns "Blm-lm... Hmtlmtlm...' I \pw t]meokpw am[y-a-ß-fp-sa mw \nd ]pxp-tem-i-{i-a-øns I\-an- mø Zpc- -hym-jym-\w.$

8 XnI pw ]pxp-a-bm s mcp {]ta-b-øns kc-km- Jym-\-amWv t_mwn txma-kns "Blm-lm... Hmtlmtlm...' I \pw t]meokpw am[y-a-ß-fp-sa mw \nd ]pxp-tem-i-{i-a-øns I\-an- mø Zpc- -hym-jym-\w. I -\mb _o^m - kua-\-ky-tømss Xs Hcp hr ÿew kn.-sf. p Zm\-ambn simsp- p- p. ]t, am[y-a-ßƒ AXns\ ssi q-en-bmbn Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. Ah-bhw ssi q-en-bmbn hmßp t]meo-kp-im-c F v. Xs kua-\-ky-øn\p In nb ]pxnb hymjym-\-øn\p apºn B - hnj-æ-\mbn \nev p- p. am v 25- se am[y-a-øn hn\p si.-zn-eo]v Ipam F{_lmw Fgp-Xnb "Imjvao temuvpv' cq]-im-fl-i-kz-`mhw ]pe Øp- p. "Imjvao temuvpv' F si nsw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- Xv At[m-tem- I-{]-h Ø-\-ßfpsS CS-sØ-bm-Wv. `b-øn-s bpw IuXp-I-Øn-s bpw BImw- -bp-ssbpw temi-øp- \n pw \njvi-f Iuam-c-ßƒ At[m-temI CS-ß-fnte v FØn-s -Sp- -Xns Kuc-h-]q Æhpw Bg-ta-dnb-Xp-amb BJym-\-am-W-Xv. F ]-Xp-I-fn Gsd timfnf- -ap- m- nb Icn- hn sime-t -kns\ Bkv]- Z-am n Cd-ßnb "a{zm-knse tam ' kn\n-a-bpss t]mã Imem-Xo-X-ambn \ne-\n- p-sim v bph-xz-øn-\v, ]WtØmSpw A{I-a-tØmSpw Pohn-Xm-tLm-j-tØm-Sp-ap \nc- cmk- nsb kqnn- n- p- p. Imew amdp-tºmgpw amdmsx \nev p kn\n-a-i-fpss {]ta-b-sø, kn\nabv v hb-e kn-t\m-sp A`n-\n-th-i-sØ, AXn-eqsS kn\na A{I-asØ km[m-c-wo-i-cn- p- -Xn-ep ] ns\ Hs H - m-sp-i-fn- msx Cu IY Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. am v 24- mw Xob-Xn-bnse tzim-`n-am\n hmcn-i-bn N n-cq Xml-bpsS "aiƒ' F IY {]ta-b-ønepw Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw ]pxp-a-i-sfm pw Bhn-jvI-cn- p- n-. ka-im-eni tic-f-ønse AΩ-am-cn Bth-in- n-cn- p ai-sf- p-dn- p DXvI-WvT-Isf khn-ti-j-x-isfm pw IqSmsX hc- n- n-cn- p- p. Dj-bpsS samgn-am- -Øn-eq-sS-bmWv hmk- n-bpss "samgn'sb IY tzim-`n-am-\n-bn CSw t\sn-bn- p- - Xv. ]Xn-\m-ew-K-ß-fp kz w IpSpw_w el-f-bn IØn-b-a-cp- Xp I s] Ip- n, A\p-P, AΩ. s] Ip n tims-xn-bn samgn \evi-ww. A{I-an-Isf Xncn- -dn-b-ww. Bsc- -hƒ -dn-bmw. ]t, F m-hcpw Ahsf \n _- n- p- p. IqSp-X Zpc- -ß-sfm-gn-hm- m H pw an m-xn-cn- -W-sa- v. Cu Pohn-X-Zp-c- tø- mƒ C\n-sb p Zpc w? F n pw Ahƒ v tims-xn-bn \n»-_vz-bm-ti n hcp- p... GsXms tbm `b-ßƒ Ah-fpsS sxm -bn Ipcp-ßp p. am v 17- se amxr-`qan BgvN- -Xn- n A jmzv _tø-cn-bpss "ao\p-i-fpss BIm-ihpw ]d-h-i-fpss `qanbpw' ]mcn-ÿn-xn-i-amb Nne `b-ßsf {]t -]n- p cn-\-bm-wv. Atß-Xnse amfn-i-ho-sns AI-Øf-ß-fn HXp-ßn-t m-ip XSn-b Ip- n-bmb P {Sn txmakpw amfn-i-ho-sn-\-cp-inse sim p-ho- n {]Ir-XnbpsS [mcm-fn-ø-øn Xnan ØpIgn-bp saen 8 Ip n DØ-a\pw CS-bn DS-se-Sp- p kulr-z-øns bpw hn\n-a-b-øn-s bpw IY-bm-W-Xv. henb ho nse Bƒ m-cp-ambn Hcn-S-]mSpw ths pw F p \jvs-s - mepw AXns DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw B ho n-se-øp ]mhs - -h-\mb DØ-a-\n Btcm-]n- p-sa pw Ah-s -b- DØ-a\p ap -dn-bn pw hne pw \evip- p- v. P {Sn-bpsS amxm-]n-xm- fpw Ahs Ir{Xna Pohn-X-Øns bpw ]cn-ÿn-xn-bp-ssbpw Np p-h- -ß-fn \n pw DØ-a-s\ A]-cnjvIr-Xs\ _ln-jvi-cn- m-\p ap I-cp-X FSp- p- p. F n pw Ah n-s-bn A\n-hm-cy-amb tkm{i- okv hmeøv kulrzw cq]-s -Sp- p. AXns ^eambn P {Sn-bpsS ho n Iq n-e-s p hf Øp Infn-Isf DØ-a IqSp-Xp-d p ]d-øn-hn- Sp- p. AtIz-dn-b-Ønse ao\p-i-sfbpw c n- m-\-h Xocp-am-\n- p- p. Ahsb _ - n-em n ]pg-bn-se-øn- m Ccp-hcpw ]pd-s -Sp- p. Ah-c-t\z-jn ]pg Cs Xncn- -dn-hv, aw -c- n-s {Iucyw Ahsc Xf Øp- p. "im w' amkn-i-bn {]kn- o-i-cn si. Zneo-]vIpam-dns cn-\-bmwv "ie-`-npw-_\w'. Zcn-{Z-bmb Hcp s] Ip- nsb ImØn-cn- p NXn- p-gn-iƒ Xs bmwv {]ta-bw. Ahƒ v hosv kpc- n-x-a- m-ø-xn-\m tncn-bnse ho n \n pw AΩ Ahsf Xs - tpmenÿe-amb h\n-xm-tlm-ã-en-te v H w Iq p- p. ]mn-i- m-c Ahƒ v B ASp- -f-bnepw Ac- n- Xm- -co- -ap- m- p Xn\m tlmã-ens CS-\m-gn-Ifn-te v AΩ Ahsf Xpd- p-hn-sp- p. B CS-\m-gn-bnemWv Ahƒ tcjva-sb hnzym-k-º- bpw ]cn-jvimcnbpw DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-amb tn nsb Is -Øp- -Xv. tn nbpss apdn Adn-hp-I-fpsS ]pxp-temiw Xpd- p- p. Npw_- \-Øns ]pxp-`m-h-ßƒ Ahƒ Adn-bp- p. tn n-tbmssm-øp bm{x-bn ]pdw-tem-i-ønse Npw_-\-Kp-cp- - m-cpss B{i-a-Øn Ahƒ FØn-s -Sp- p. AhnsS-\n pw ie-`- n-d-ip-i-fn ]d v hmbp-hn-eqss `qanbpss amdn-te-bv v. Zmcn-{Zy-amWv G hpw henb siwnsb Bibw Bh Øn- p cn-\. Iem-Iu-ap-Zn-bpsS Xmfp-I-fn-emWv cmpo-hv F-kv.- a- ßm-c-Øns "dnbm-en ntjm' CSw t\sn-bn- p- -Xv. H pw hmkvx-hn-i-a- mø "dnbm-en n-tjm'ifpss ImeØv ImWmsX t]mip hmkvx-h-ßsf shfn-s -Sp-Øp p Cu IY. s] j-\mb tkmhn-μ \m-b F Ahn-hmln-X Xm kwko-x-]-t\w XpS-ßp- p-sh v kplrøv iim - amsj Adn-bn- p- p. iim - amjpw kpaw- K-ebpw Ip n-i-fn- mø hm -Iy-tØm-S-Sp- p Zº-Xn- I-fm-Wv. tkmhn-μ \m-b-cpss kwko-txm-]m-k-\sb amjv ]p n- p-tºmƒ kpaw-k-e v AXn A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xymk-an-. tkmhn-μ \m-b Xs `qx-im-e-{]-w-b-ønse \mbni eoem-a-wn-sb- p-dn v iim- amtjmsp ]d-bp- p. ` -{]-W-b-Øns Xo q-f-bmwv tkmhn-μ \m-bsc Ahn-hm-ln-X-\m n \ne-\n Øp- -Xv. kwko-x-]-t-\- Øns `mk-ambn tkmhn-μ \m-b ]g-b-ime sae-un- I-fpsS knun-iƒ hmßn- q- p- p. Ccp-kvt\-ln-X-cpsSbpw hosv Krlm-Xp-cXzw \nd Km\-ß-fm kº- -am-ip- p. s]mxp- m-cy-{]-k- -\mb iim- amjv -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$Xnc- p-i-fpss temi-tø v t]mip- p. Hcp cm{xn ho nse-øp-tºmƒ hosp ]q n- n-s- p- p. ASpØ ho n, tkmhn-μ \m-b-cpss ho n \n pw Hcp ]g-b-]m- v, tkmhn-μ \m-b-cpss i_vz-øn Hgp-In-h-cp- p.$ $Zmº-Xyw, IpSpw-_w, kulrzw XpS-ßnb {]Xy aln-a-iƒ p aosx km m-xvimcw txsp ho p-ap- -ep-i-fpss bmym y-ßsf ]pxn-sbmcp dnbm-en- n-tjm-bv p D]m-Zm-\-ß-fm n Ah-X-cn- n- p-i-bmwv IYm-Im-c.$

9 Xnc- p-i-fpss temi-tø v t]mip- p. Hcp cm{xn ho nse-øp-tºmƒ hosp ]q n- n-s- p- p. ASpØ ho n, tkmhn-μ \m-b-cpss ho n \n pw Hcp ]g-b-]m- v, tkmhn-μ \m-b-cpss i_vz-øn Hgp-In-h-cp- p. AXns A\p-]- hn kpaw-k-e-bpss ^osabv thmbvkn iim- amsj txsn-sb-øp- p. Zmº-Xyw, IpSpw-_w, kulrzw XpS-ßnb {]Xy aln-a-iƒ p aosx km m-xvimcw txsp ho p-ap- -ep-i-fpss bmym y-ßsf ]pxn-sbmcp dnbm-en- n-tjm-bv p D]m-Zm-\-ß-fm n Ah-X-cn- n- p-i-bmwv IYm-Im-c. h -e hmxp-t»-cn-bpss "IXn-cp-Im-Wm- nfn' t]cpt]mse Xs Krlm-Xp-cXzw kq n- p a\- n-te- p k m-c-am-wv. I j-is ai sndp w apx Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn hym]r-x. hn[n-ssh-]-co-xyw-sim v Hcp sk p-`q-an-t]mepw C møh\m-bn-øo p. kz am-sbmcp hosn-\p-th n Hcp Xp p asæ kz]v\-hpambn Cd-ßp-tºmƒ Abmƒ `qhn-\n-a-b-ønse ]pxnb coxn-imkv{xw Adn-bp- p. "dnb FtÃ v' F Fa- kwkxn Ds v a\- n-em- p- p. HSp-hn Irjnbn- mø hb hmßp- p. s\ n- mø B hb Øp- n \n pw Abmƒ Xs ]nxr-]-c-º-c-bpss \ne-hnfn tiƒ p- p... Xpºnbpw ]qºm- bpw Xh-fbpw Cg-P- p- -fp-a-s-ßnb s\ m-s-ß-fpss k -Xn-I-fpsS \o -\ncsb Xnc-bp- p. aæn- p-\n-i-øm-\m-hmsx B hb-ens\ t\m n hoss kz]v\w XyPn v \jvs-kz-]v\-ßsf Xncn- p-]n-sn- m-\m v Abmƒ \nev p- p. Irjn-tbmSpw aæn-t\m-sp-ap {]Wbw Hcp ]mty-h-kvxpthm {]kw-khn-j-btam A. Hcp hnim-c-am-wv. ssph-]-c-º-c-i-fpss hnem-]-øn \n pw DS-se-Sp-t hnim-cw. tkm{i- okv si.-hm-e-øns "Zn tkhn-b ' ]m izh-evir-x-cpss hnem-]hpw Iem-]-hp-amWv AS-bm-f-s -Sp- Øp- -Xv. A\m-Y-i-h-ßƒ s]dp n Pohn- p "tkhnb ' F tncn \nhmkn Hcp Zn\w B ]Wn snøm a\- n-s p ]d-bp- p. {]mb-]q Øn-bm-hmØ aiƒ ]ou-\-øn-\n-c-bmbn {]k-hn- p. ]n o-s-hƒ Bfl-lXy snbvxp. Ipf-Øn \n pw ai-fpss ihw s]m n-sb- ba-kmy Zp[v\mYv knmv hnh Ø\w : hn.-pn. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw EtKz-ZsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am n cnn lnμn \msiw t]pv : 166 hne : 120 SpØv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ mbn t]meo-kn\p ka n- Xv Abmfm-Wv. A -\p-a-ωbpw aisf hnev p-i-bm-bn-cp p F {]N-c-W-Øn a\w s\m v s{sbn-\n\p ap n NmSn NnX-dn-sØ-dn `mcy-bpss Ah-in-jvS-ßƒ s]dp n q nbxpw Abm-fmWv. ai-fpss Ip v- -X- -bn- mø Ip n- -k m kwc- -W-ta-s -SpØ Ip n XocmØ hni- pambn temisø ISn- p-io-dm X w ]m Øn-cn- p- p. CXn-\n-S-bn-emWp tkhy s]meo-kns bpw tab-dpssbpw Bhiyw \ncm-i-cn- p- -Xv. Hcp A]-k I IYt]mse Cu Ip v tabsd ISn- p-io-dn-øn p hb ho n- n-cn- p hnh-c-w-tømss IY Xocp- p. \nμn- X-cp-sSbpw ]oun-x-cp-ssbpw ]m iz-h-evir-x-cp-ssbpw {]Xn-Imcw A]-k -I- -Y-t]mse Ab-Ym y-am-bncn- pw. AXn\v hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcm-hn-jvImc km[y-xbn-. am\-hoiw amkni {]kn o-i-cn "sh ]\n-\o q- ƒ' kmdmω tpm k s]cp-º n- m-sns tkmt±iy-c-n-\-bm-wv. azy-øns hn]-ømwp hnj-bw. hm - Iy-Øn-se-Ønb kv{xobpss Bhn-jvIm-c-sa {]txy- IX am{xta Cu IY- p- q. "Ds -gpøv' amkni {]kn- o-i-cn- -XmWv Fw. Pothjns "Ic Pohn-Xw.' Im Kn bp -Øn apdn-th v Ac p Iogv`mKw Xf p sf.-kn.-bp.-hn InS- p ssk\n-is Im hn-c Ic Fen-bpsS G p-]-d- nemwp IY. Adn-bmsX sf.-kn.-bp.-hn-e-i-s FenbpsS sh{]m-fw, Bfl-s\m-º-cw, ssk\n-i-t\m-sp BZcw CsX mw hfsc `wkn-bmbn hnh-cn v hmb-\ p \hym-\p-`qxn ]I-cm BJym-\-Øn\p Ign- n- p- v. ae-bmf sndp-i-y-bpss IpXn pw InX pw Zriy-am- m ]cym-]vx-amwv ]cm-a in- -s IY-Iƒ. BhnjvIm-c-ßƒ tih-em-jym-\-ß-f-s pw Hcp {]Xy-bimkv{X ]cn-k-cøp cq]-s -Sp khn-tij D - ß-fm-sW pw Ah ASn-h-c-bn-Sp- p. kaq-l-øns sshhn-[y-ssh-cp-[y-ßsf XnI pw DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-amb BJym-\-X-{ -ß-fn-eqsS \ho-\-amb `mhp-i-xz-øn-\n-wßpw-hn[w Ah Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. Fs ht y- Ip n- pg N{μ ae-bm-f-km-lnxy kmaq-lni cwksø thdn hgn-bn k -cn Ip n- p-gsb ktlm-z-c Hm Ωn- p- p. t]pv : 94 hne : G{]n tim n-iƒ v : ticf kmlnxy A m-zan, Xriq 9

$tih-e Ihn-X-bn \n- -I-ep p tum.$ $Ahs\ ImWm- \mbn F\n-bv -hnss t]mti- n-h- p. _ n-dßn Hcp tlm -en Im n- Ip-Sn- m-\mbn tidn. ASpØ ts-_n-fn aq mev timtf-pvip-am-c- m ]expw ]d v ckn- p- p.$ $hn\-b- N-{μ, _me-n-{μ Np n- m-sv, a[p-kq-z-\ \m-b XpSßn-b-h-cpsSsbms t]cp-iƒ H -izm-k-øn hnfn- p- ]-d- p. Aev]w \ockw txm nb Rm ho pw Bcm p: ""At mƒ sshtem- n n, H.-F.-hn.$

10 tih-e Ihn-X-bn \n- -I-ep p tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b Ihn-X-bpsS h Ø-am\w alm-ihn sshtem- n n {io[-c-ta-t\m kzimcy kw`m-j-w-øn-\-ns v Xs Hc-\p-`hw Cßs\ hnh-cn- pi-bp- m-bn: ai {ioip-am Bbp tδ-z-_n-cp-z-øn- \mbn tim -bv ]Tn- p ImeØv Ahs\ ImWm- \mbn F\n-bv -hnss t]mti- n-h- p. _ n-dßn Hcp tlm -en Im n- Ip-Sn- m-\mbn tidn. ASpØ ts-_n-fn aq mev timtf-pvip-am-c- m ]expw ]d v ckn- p- p. Ihn-k-tΩ-f-\-sØ- p-dn- mwv ]d-bp- -sx v Adn- t mƒ Fs IuXpIw h n- p. Ah-tcmSv tidn Rm tnmzn p: ""Bscms hcp- p v? BcpsSsbms Ihn- X-I-fp v?'' Ah IS-Ω-\n cma-ir-jvw, Un. hn\-b- N-{μ, _me-n-{μ Np n- m-sv, a[p-kq-z-\ \m-b XpSßn-b-h-cpsSsbms t]cp-iƒ H -izm-k-øn hnfn- p- ]-d- p. Aev]w \ockw txm nb Rm ho pw Bcm p: ""At mƒ sshtem- n n, H.-F.-hn., kpk- X-Ip-am-cn, si.-hn. cma-ir-jvw XpS-ßn-b-h-sc-sbm pw hnfn- nt?'' sn n-\m-biw tx Np p-sim v Ah ]d- p. ""Ahscms C sø Ihn-I-fmtWm? Ah v \ mbn IhnX snm n Ah- X-cn- n- m-\m-ip-tam?'' Xs Ahn-sSbm pw ]nsn-in- n-bn- F Bizmk-tØm-Sp-IqSn alm-ihn ÿew hn p F mwv kzx- n- -amb ]cn-th-jtøm-sp-iqsn At±lw ]d- -Xv. kc-kz-xnbpss Ccp-kvX\-ß-fmbn Icp-X-s -Sp kwkox kmln-xy-ß-fn B-Zy-tØXv B]m-X-a-[p-chpw c m-a-tøxv Btem-N-\m-kp-μ-c-hp-ambn-cn- Ww F mwv sh v. AXm-bXv kwkoxw tiƒ ptºmƒøs a\- n a[pcw Xp n- -Ww. kmln-xyam-i-s, Btem-Nn v Btem-Nn v ckw Du n-sb-sp- m t]m -Xm-I-Ww. ""bu-δ-\-aw-tk-jp-k- w'' F Imfn- Zm-k-h-N\w \qs m- m-h Øn- mte k w F -Xns \neo\ku`kw icn pw ]nsn-in- q. ockmkcw IS v ]me-arxv timcn-sb-sp- p- -Xp-t]m-ep {]{In-b-bm-Wn- Xv. ]pxnb ImeL Øns Ahÿ CXn \n-s ms `n -am-wv. 10 ]g-hnf cta-i Ipd- p-imew apºv Ihn-X v kmln-xy-im-j-bnse "apxn ' ]ucs ]Z-hn-bp- m-bn-cp- p. ko\n-b kn nk\v _ nepw a pw ko v Hgn- n-sp- -Xp-t]mse ]{X-hmcn-Im-am-kn-Im-]w- n-i-fn Ah-bpsS ]qap-jøv Imhyap-Ø-»n-am v ÿm\w \ In-bncp- p. Ct mƒ ap n \n- Xv \Sp-hn-te pw ]n n-te pw t]mbn-cn- p- p. Ihn-X-bn-eqsS kml-kn-i-]-cy-s\w \S-Øp- -hcpw C m-xm-bn-cn- p- p. ko\n-b kn n-ks ko n-en-cp v tim{]mbw Im p Ip n-i-fpss FÆhpw s]cp-in-bn-cn- p- p. ""Ah Fs - nepw Im n-t ms Ip n-i-ft?'' F a n hmb-\- m-cpss at\m-`m-hhpw Iogvta adn- n-cn- p- p. "kwtbmtkm hn{]tbm-km ' Fs mcp snm p- v. ]hn-{x Xo p\n AXm-bXv F m-iq- -Sn-t -c-ep-ifpw th ]n-cn-b-ep-i-fn, hntbm-k-ß-fn Ah-km-\n- p- p-sh v Npcp- w. temi- Ønse G hpw henb hntbm-k-amwv ac-ww. AXns ] m-ø-e-øn Fgp-X-s Ihn-X- Iƒ Hcp]mSp- v, temi-km-ln-xy- Øn. ]p{x-an-{x-]-xv\o-kw-_- n-ifmb hnem-]imhyßƒ. Fen-Pn-dn- C FI {Sn-N vbmupw, "AtUm- Wbpw', "Hcp hnem-]hpw', "IÆp- \o Øp- nbpw' "ca-w\pw' a pw GXv kmln-xy-hn-zym n-bpss kvac-wbnepw s]s v HmSn-sbØpw! {]tcm-z- \hpw "_mjv]m-rvp-en'bpw ]msp a X-cn-Ifpw hmbn v DZm-Øo-I-cn- -s ticf a\- n- te v Cøn-sSbpw Nne Ihn-X-Iƒ tidn-h-cn-i-bp- m-bn. tic-f-øn-e-tßmfantßmfw IhnX ]msn \S- n pw kz w hosv At\z-jn v t]mb Ihn hn\-b-n-{μs BIkvan-I-amb th ]m-sns ] m-ø-e-øn-emwv "Hcp Ic- n ]m v', "hn\-b-n-{μs Im w', "sim n' XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-Iƒ Fgp-X-s - n- p- -Xv. alm-ihn ]n. Ip n-cma \m-b p-tijw Ihn-X-bm-Ip \nxy-i-\y-i-sbtøsn tic-f-øn\v AIØpw ]pdøpw Xo m-s\w \S- Ønb as mcp Ihn Cs - p-xs ]d-bmw. ]g-hnf ctais "Hcp Ic- n ]m n' AXns hnim-c-]-c-amb -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$""Imin-bn apßnbpw KwtKm-{Xn-bn-tem, I\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-tem, cmin- -c-ep-t]mse \ni- p-s]mßnbpw Ahn-S- p Im \S-bmbn \oe- p-dn- n- -º- Øn aeas p-iƒ hgn Cht\ Rms\ `mh-øn Xncp-h- -\- -]p-c-søøn Ihn-X-sNm n$ $ImSp-I-b-dn-bpw, \mts-ho-ts-\-k-c-s m-cp-tf-sb v H -bm hg- -Øn Ducp-Np- nbpw Ign Ah-[qX Ihnsb aebm-fn-iƒ v Hcn- epw ad- m-\m-hn-.$ $""Idp-ºm, Fs sim p-ip-dp-ºm, Ime-ss`-c-h-s cp-am-fmbv \o ho pw hcn-i.'' "Iem-Iu-apZn'bn Øs Kncojv ]pen-bq-cn-s -bpap v Hcp IhnX hn\-b-n-{ -Im w bi-»-co-c-\mb hmmva-b-im-c-s\- p-dn- v.$

11 {]kvxm-h-ap- v. ""Imin-bn apßnbpw KwtKm-{Xn-bn-tem, I\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-tem, cmin- -c-ep-t]mse \ni- p-s]mßnbpw Ahn-S- p Im \S-bmbn \oe- p-dn- n- -º- Øn aeas p-iƒ hgn Cht\ Rms\ `mh-øn Xncp-h- -\- -]p-c-søøn Ihn-X-sNm n ImSp-I-b-dn-bpw, \mts-ho-ts-\-k-c-s m-cp-tf-sb v H -bm hg- -Øn Ducp-Np- nbpw Ign Ah-[qX Ihnsb aebm-fn-iƒ v Hcn- epw ad- m-\m-hn-. AXp-sIm- mwv, Ic- n ]m p-im-c tic-f- Ønse Xo -ßfpw Im p-]q-s -Sn- Ifpw Im ØnI Im nepw tnºpw \\- n-g-ßp-sa mw a a-d Ihn- mbn ImØn-cn- p p F v a\- n- em- n-s m- v, Ah-s mw th n Cßs\ A`y n- p- -Xv. ""Idp-ºm, Fs sim p-ip-dp-ºm, Ime-ss`-c-h-s cp-am-fmbv \o ho pw hcn-i.'' "Iem-Iu-apZn'bn Øs Kncojv ]pen-bq-cn-s -bpap v Hcp IhnX hn\-b-n-{ -Im w bi-»-co-c-\mb hmmva-b-im-c-s\- p-dn- v. ]g-hnf cta-is Ihn-X-bpsS sat{sm-kn- n {Sm p-hn v, Kncojv ]pen-bq-cns Ihn-XbpsS snøp-h-gn-bn-eqss t]mip-tºmƒ A\p-hm-N-I\v A{X-hn-b t - n-h-cn ; `b-t - n-h-cn hn\-b-n- {μs AXn-a-t\m-l-camb Hcp Nn{Xw Xs Kncojv hm p-i-ƒs m v CXn hc- p-sh- n- p- v. ""]e-xcw Po kv, Ip m-bw, Xe-bnse ]e-\ndw sxm n, ]e-xmb k- nbpw ]n n-te p Npcp p hf p apsn-bpw, hnkva-b-tøm-sp t\m hpw CjvS-an- m-ø-xn-t\msp hmt w i amw {]Xym-tcm]-W-tØm- -hpw.'' I -S-bm-dn\p ]Sn- m-dp ]gb ho nse sxs søm-sn-bn \n v hn\-b-n-{μs Aÿn-s]m- p- -Xns Xmf-ap-b-cp-tºmƒ ]pxnb bm{x v `mfiw apdp- p Imhy-N-{μs cq]w at\m-ap-ip-c-øn sxfn-bp- p F ]pen-bq-cns Iev]-\ v A]q Δ-X-bp- v, Akm-[m-cW Nmcp-X-bp-ap- v. AXp-sIm- p-xs hnkva-b-tøm-ssbp t\m -Øn\v "hnkva-b-tøm-s-p t\m w' F v Kncojv CXn Ipdn- Xv I n-s p \Sn- m\pw A\phm-N-I-a-\ v Xøm-dm-Ip- p. ]n.-f-kv. a[p-kq-z-\s t\m - Øn Hcp sim n-bpss P -amwv hn\- b-n-{μ-s -Xv. `mjm-]pfn-\-ß-fn Hcp Imem \o nbpw X n-ø-s pw \o -b-ß-fn \o sim m A c-ßƒ simøn-sb-spøpw Ign sim n. AwK-`wKw hcmø C{Xbpw hcn-iƒ a[p-kq-z\ hesø ssisim v Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. ]ns -bp- Xv A[n-Ihpw Xg- -an- mø CS-Xp-ssI-s m v Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm- v _m n-bp hcn-ifpw Cu cq]-øn-em-bn. ""ImSp tnmzn p ]pg-iƒ tnm-zn p ]q ƒ tnmzn p \ns t]sc v? Fs t]ct m \ns bpw \nt -Xt m Fs bpw'' Cßs\, Fgp-Xnb DSs\ Npcp- n- q n Nh- p-sim- -bn C n- p-thww sim m-hp \mep-hcn F G{]n ]n.-f.-tkm-]o-ir-jvw tdmkn Xºn gp-xm-\p kn n-h-cm GXm-bmepw "]pfn-\-ßƒ X n \ If-lw-k-eo-e-I-fp- v. ""Ifn-bt a\-xm-cn hf-cp IuXq-lew'' F v "Z bmk-'øn Cc-bn-Ω Xºn F-gpXn F p-sh v a[p-kq-z-\ ""`mjm-]p-fn-\-ß-fn Ccp-Im-em \o nbpw'' F v Ipdn- p- Xv DNn-Xtam Fs - nepw Hm t - -Xp- v. Hcp ]p{x-hn-em-]-im-hy-øns Bghpw B {Z-Xbpw Atß-b w In- n-bn- p- v e vao-tz-hn-bpss "a-i ' F Ihn-X- v. AΩ-bpsS saøns Cfw-Nq-tS v, Iøns Xtem-S-te v Nhn- Snt\m n Iøn sim p-\-s ai H v \mi-øns ]S-hp-Iƒ tidp- sx-ßs\ F mwv AΩ t]mfw sh e vao-tzhn IÆo-cns\ Noºn-bp-S- m-\m-hmsx tnmzn- p- -Xv. Imc-Ww, AXphsc Ah H v Fßpw t]mbn- n-. H v hnsm AΩbv v t]sn-bpam-wv. AXp-sIm- v, hm -ey-a-xn-bmb B amxmhv ho pw Nn n- p p: Ahs s\s m snhnbn aqfpt m? Ahs \nizmkw apf- m- m-sbt m? Ahs hmk\ Npg p hoipt m? ]Xps -apjw asn-bn Nmbpt m?'' ""Hcp ssx pfn Im m-b-cn-in-e- -sø-t m Acp-a- p- n {]mw-s\-bm-t«-jn p'' F amºg- m-hy-kwkvim-c-ap ae-bm-fn v Cu hcn-i-fn-se-øp-tºmƒ ]p{xtim-i-øns A n-] ΔXw s]m n A -cw-k-øn ]Xnbv p {]XoXn D m-im-xn-cn- -bn-. i n-a-ømb hnim-c-øns A\p-kyq-X-amb {]hml-sa- pw, bp n pw hmkvx-hn-i-xbv pw A p-d- Øp hnim-c-k-xy-sa- p-sams Ihn-Xsb hn-ti-jn- n- n-cp Ime-L w Ign- n-cn- p- p. C v IhnX hm psim p Inep- n- p-tøm, Nn -sim- p sn Sn-hn-Zytbm, Bbn-am-dn- -gn- n-cn- p- p. "shsnsim ] nbn'se (h- -tømƒ) hnim-c-apƒs m- v, Nß-ºp-g-sbt m-se, shpn-t -dn-b\mim C m-scbpw In n-. hm p-sim- p hountbm skbn-an\mwv C v ]-ecpw {ian- p- -Xv. At mgpw Hcp Bibw ASn-sXm- p-ap-sn-hsc Cs - nepw Hcp-hn[w ]q Øn-bm- p p F v Nne- -sc-s m- nsb- nepw Biz-kn- m h-i-bp- v. KncnP ]n. ]mtx -c-bpss "hosv Ipgn- n- m ', cmtpjv ]\-ßm- n-ens "Iq p- Imcm ChnsS \Ωƒ X\n- ', B. {ioe-xm-h Ω-bpsS "IÆmSn hosv', F.-hn. ]pjv]m-i-cs "srm n-s m- ', ]fl-zm-kns "Im- m-eøn', _ taøe-bpss "IÆmSn F.-]n. N{μ-ti-J-c t\m p ]qømw-in-cn-iƒ', {iopnøv s]cp- - s "Npcp- -Øn ', ]hn-{x Xo p-\n-bpss "Ipdp- ' F n-hsb A\p-]Zw ]n p-s m, IW v snbvxv HSp-hn DØcw In nb Hcp hnzym n-bpss Bizm-ksa- nepw hmb-\- m-c\v D m-ipw. ImSn-s\bpw IS-ens\bpw hkv{x-sø-bp-sa mw Npcp- mtam F tnmzy- Øns\ mw `wkn-bmbn adp-]sn ]d v HSp-hn Hcp 11

$ticfkmlnxya m-zan hnem-kn\n ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v IrXn-Iƒ Wn p ticf kmlnxy A m-zan bi:ico-c-\mb {]ikvx t\mh-enãv hnem-kn-\n-bpss kvac-w- mbn G s -Sp- Øn-bn- p F tum-hvsa v Ahm Un-\v ]pkvx-ißƒ Wn- p.$ $2009, 2010, 2011 h j-ß-fn BZy-]-Xn- mbn {]kn- o-i-cn Xpw Hcp t\mh-en-s\- p-dn-t m,- t\m-h-en-ãn-s\- p-dn-t m, -t\m-h F kmln-xy-cq-]-sø- p-dnt m ae-bm-f-øn Fgp- XnbXpamb ka-{k-]-t-\{kÿ-øn-\mwv$

12 ticfkmlnxya m-zan hnem-kn\n ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v IrXn-Iƒ Wn p ticf kmlnxy A m-zan bi:ico-c-\mb {]ikvx t\mh-enãv hnem-kn-\n-bpss kvac-w- mbn G s -Sp- Øn-bn- p F tum-hvsa v Ahm Un-\v ]pkvx-ißƒ Wn- p. Aº-Xn-\m-bncw cq]-bpw, ^e-i-hpw, km y-]-{xhpw AS-ßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvim-cw. 2009, 2010, 2011 h j-ß-fn BZy-]-Xn- mbn {]kn- o-i-cn Xpw Hcp t\mh-en-s\- p-dn-t m,- t\m-h-en-ãn-s\- p-dn-t m, -t\m-h F kmln-xy-cq-]-sø- p-dnt m ae-bm-f-øn Fgp- XnbXpamb ka-{k-]-t-\{kÿ-øn-\mwv hnem-kn\n ]pckvimcw. tej\ kam-lm-c-ß-tfm, t\mh-en-ãp-i-fpss tihe Poh-N-cn-{X-ß-tfm, ]n.f- v.un./ Fw.-^n. {]_- Xw_p-cp-hn \n- p-xn-cp ka-kvx-cm-k-ßs-fbpw Npcp- mtam F Imap-In-bpsS tnmzy-øn\v"axn\v \ns H p sxm m axn' F adp-]snhcptºmƒ t{]a-tem-e-amb \ΩpsS a\ pw H v I an-gn- pw, timcn-øcn- pw. Ptbjv timgn-t m-sns "apsnbn-g-' p-ap v CtX cmk-k- w. {ioe- X-bpsS "IÆmSn hospw' klr-z-b\v {]bmkw IqSmsX t\m n-\n mw. ]pxp-xm-bp- m- nb IÆm-Sn-ho-Sn\v kpxm-cyx Gsdbmb-Xp-sIm v t\m p- n-s-sø mw Xe-Io-gmb 12 _ ta-øe -ßtfm, AØcw {]_- -ß-fpsS kw{k-l cq]- ßtfm Cu Ahm Un\v ]cn-k-wn- p- -X-. {KŸ-I Øm- ƒt m, a v hy n-iƒt m ÿm]- \-ßƒt m ]pkvx-i-ßƒ Ab- p-x-cm-hp- -Xm-sW v ticf kmlnxy A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-irjvw Adn-bn- p- p. H mw ]Xn- mbn {]kn- o-i-cn ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss aq v {]Xn-Iƒ hoxw 2013 Pq 15- \v apºv B.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW, sk{i- dn, ticf kmlnxy A m-z-an, Xriq - 20 F hnem-k-øn e`n- -Ww. Ih-dn-\p-ta "hnem-kn\n Ahm Uv' F v {]txyiw tcj-s -Sp-Ø-Ww. kz w cq]ta ImWm Ign-bp- p- q. AXp-sIm- v, Ih-bn{Xn F-gp-Xp p: ""KXn-sI- -t mƒ api-fn \nehpw Xmsg a p-ap H mbn Ah B hosv A]-\n Ωn- p. tncsb-øn- p \m- n s - m \Sp- w Xn p- Itb \nhr-øn-bp- q. io jm-k-\- m-cpss Ime-Øn\v kvxpxn. B[p-\nI Ihn-X-bpsS Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-bn-cp p «Y-_nw-_-ßƒ. F m B[p-\n-tIm-Øc Ihn-X-Ifn C p ImWp- Xv «Y-hn-Nm-c-ßfpw inyne Bib-ß-fp-am-Wv. Ip n- q Agn- n- -t]mse Ah Ihn-X-Ifn NnX-dn- n-s- p- -Xp-Im-Wmw. I w-sh tim p-t]msebpw Ipgnb-S "Smdv tdmup't]msebpw ImW-s -Sp Ahsb Imhy-tam-ln\n F p hn-fn- m {]bm-k-am- Wv. kp[o-jns "IÆ\v ]d-bm-\p- Xv', ]hn-{x Xo p- \n-bpss "Ipdp- ', ]n.-f. tkm]o-ir-jvws "h[- in- -mcm-hv, cmair-jvw Npg-en-bpsS "a\x-im- n-_m ', {iotzhn hn\p-tam-ls "Dd- -sø- p-dn v Nne ]pxnb Nn -Iƒ', _npp Im -ßm-Sns "Rm hc- p- Xv ka-bsø Bbn-cn- Ww', exojv tamls "inh timhn sxcphv: Hcp ]cn-]q Æ hnh-cww', F.-]n. N{μ-ti-J-cs "A`m-h-Ønse ]q ƒ', ]n.-f. tkm]o- Ir-jvWs "]ns bpw \o _m n', tdmkn Xºn-bpsS "a p-imew' F nh Iem-Iu-ap-Zn, ae-bmfw, tzim-`nam\n XpS-ßnb A\p-Im-en-I-ß-fnep v. F nse A\phm-N-I-a-\- n t\cn-sbmcp Ne-\-ap- m- m t]mepw Ahbn ]e-xn\pw Ign- n-s - -XmWv t\cv. "hymjymxm-th-ønt\m Ihn' F k ev] {]Imcw Chsb hymjym-\n- m-\p Ignhv F\n- n-s - -Xmhmw Imc-Ww. As - nepw F m-h pw F m kmln-xy-im-j-i-sfbpw Hcpt]mse Bkz-Zn- m-\p-am-hn- -t m. F n pw ""Cu cm{xn, Hcp ]pkvxiw hmbn- pw-t]mse Rms\-s -Øs {ioex h Ω hmbn- p- p (h-[-in- m-cm-hv). ""\Sptdm-Un Hcp ]q as m- ns\ ]oun- n- p- p, k Ωw \S- s F p IcpXn Hscm- - sh- n- '' (a-\x-im- n-_m ), ""th ]m-sn Xpfp-ºn-t mb kz -Øns IÆo-cmWv Unkw-_-dn a p-i-ºn-fnbmbv `qansb ]px- n- p- Xv'' (a- p-imew) XpS-ßnb Imhy-ckw Xpfp-ºp hcn-i-fn Fs IÆpw Icfpw Ipd- p-t\-c-tø v DS- p-i-bp- m-bn. Btem-Nn- pt mdpw \h-\-hm -ßfpw A\p-`qXnbpw ]I-cm t]m XmhWw D-Ø-a-I-hnX. ""kmcn \o sndn-t - n-t msi -\n arzp-tcm-a-nm-cphmw IWwIm Is -\nbv v ]mhw txm n'' F hcn-bnse "]mhw' F ]Z-Øn- \mbn X]- n-cn- p Ihn-{iosb \ap v C{X-s]-s v ad- m-\m-iptam? AXp-t]m-se-Xs {]I-c-W-ip- n- pth n Hcp P w apgp-h t\mºp-t\m h -tømfns ]mc-º-cyhpw \ap v Xo Øpw A\y-amtbm? Imap-I- -Æocv I -bmb am _nƒsim v ]WnX SmPv -a-l-en \n v Hcp Is -SpØp am m-s\m- ptam? "tigpi, tigp-i, Ig- I-Æmtf' F v BZy-sa-gp- Xnb adn-b-øns t]cv hcm-\mbn "amt\y-a-dn-bta' F p Xncp-Øn-b-Xn\p "h -tøm-fn-t\msp Ib Ø krvp-bs \ncq-]-i-h-n v H pw Hm -p nt? "IhnbpsS Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ' F KZy-Øn t mepw IhnX s]mxn tic-f-øns a-[p-a- n-i- n\n ]p\ - \n-bnt? ]msn- msn kz w ioev \h-km-b-i v e`n- s! ImØn-cn- p-i. -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$-- Iq n-bn-w n B A m-xs CtaPv sa\- pb ØpIbpw snbvxn-cn- p- p.' cmp-ti-j-cs aq tb-dnb ZWvU\-co-Xn-Ifpw `mc-ta-dnb in m-hn-[n-ifpw tej-\øn i n-bmbn {]-Xn-^-en- p.$ $AXpsIm v hmb\- - m-cs henb ] mwv Ign amksø B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ B-h-iy-s Xv. hm n IWn-iX ]pe Øm\pw IqSpX- kq va-am-im\pw Bhiys -Sp- -Xm-bn-cp p tej-\-ß-f-[n-i-hpw.$

13 -- Iq n-bn-w n B A m-xs CtaPv sa\- pb ØpIbpw snbvxn-cn- p- p.' cmp-ti-j-cs aq tb-dnb ZWvU\-co-Xn-Ifpw `mc-ta-dnb in m-hn-[n-ifpw tej-\øn i n-bmbn {]-Xn-^-en- p. F m Bith\en hnhmzßƒ hnb Øpw Xfn Øpw Ip n- -Æ hmwnta Ihe ImgvN-bp-sSbpw CS-s]-S-en-s bpw th\ \sω h- msx A\p-`-hn- n amk-am-bn-cp p am v. AXpsIm v hmb\- - m-cs henb ] mwv Ign amksø B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ B-h-iy-s Xv. hm n IWn-iX ]pe Øm\pw IqSpX- kq va-am-im\pw Bhiys -Sp- -Xm-bn-cp p tej-\-ß-f-[n-i-hpw. -an Fgp- Øp-Imcpw -FXn p-i-fpss hcƒ sb Xfn n- m Iø- -S hpw hnth-ihpw IrXy-ambn ]men p- -Ibm-bn-cp- p. hnhm-z-ß-fn t_m[hpw {]Xn-t_m-[hpw txmfpcpωn \S- p-tºmƒ Ah-bv n-s-bnse AXn h-c-ºp-iƒ t\ Øp-h-cp- p. hmb-\-bpss ]pxn-b-]mtw cq]-s -Sp- Ibpw snøp p. Cu coxn-bn-ep \h-]m-tm-h-en- Iƒs m v kº- -am-bn-cp p am v amkøn aebm-fønse- B\p-ImenI-ßƒ. kmlnxyw, kn\na, kwkoxw, ]{X-{]-h Ø\w, \ms- Iw, bp hpw `oi-c-xbpw F n-ßs\ hnhn[ hnj-bßƒ \nco- -W-Øns \nin-x-x -Øn\v B\p-Im-en- Ißƒ hnt[-b-am- n. Dd-ßn- n-s- p hnnm-c-w-iƒ ae-bm-f-kn-\n-a-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn h -t mgpw Fgp-t - p h-cp- Xv Bizm-k-I-c-am-Wv. AXp-sIm- p-xs sp.- kn.-um-\n-bepw kwhn-[m-b-i Iaepw sk p-tem-bnuv F Nn{Xhpw ASn-ÿm-\-am nb tej-\-ßƒ Xm ]- cy-]q Δw hmbn- -s - p. txm w cmpti-j-c Um\n-b-en-s\- p-dn v Fgp- Xnb tej\w BcmWv Cu Um\nb? (a-e-bmfw hmcn-i, am v 22) - th-dn- p-\n p. "sim p ticføn Bscm-s tbm tn v \mk timhn Im-c Um\n-b-ens\ ae-bm-f-kn- \n-a-bpss hn[m-xm-hmbn Ah-tcm-[n- p-ibpw ti p-tiƒhn-i-fn-eqss {]Ncn Nmcp-X-Ifpw k ] -I-Y-Ifpw 2013 G{]n Fw. apip-μ b- - ß-fpsS hnkvxmcw ImgvN-bpsS amxr- -I-bm-bn-Øo-cp- Xpw Xo{h-hn-a i-\-ambn sim m-s-s -Sp- Xpw sp.-kn.- Um-\n-b-ens Imcy-Øn \mw ImWp- p. hn\pf{_lm-ans \jvs-\m-bni F t\mhepw tneßm v tkm]m-e-ir-jvws ]pkvx-ihpw ho p-hn-nm-c- Wbv pw CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ pw thzn-bm-bn. {]Xn-I-c-WsØ-t]mepw tnmzyw snøp hmz-ap-j-ß-fp-ap-b p. kn\n-a-bp-ambn tn p-\n p a p- c v tej-\- ßƒ IqSn ]cm-a in-t - -Xp- v. Z-enXv Ima-d-bpsS ImgvNbpw kwth-z-\-hpw -(]- - p-xnc - amkni, am v). ]m- n-entbm _p -bp-ambn _ -s -Sp-Øn-bp Fgp- Øp-Ifpw N -Ifpw ZenXv kn\n-a-i-fn-te pw kmln- Xy-Øn-te pw hmb-\- m-cpss {i - -Wn- p-i-bmbn-cp p Ima-d-bpsS ImgvNbpw kwth-z-\-hpw.- H.-sI.- k-t m-jv, Fkv.-tPm-k-^v, si.-si.-_m-_p-cm-pv, F.-sI.- hmkp F n-h \S-Ønb kwhmzw kmwkvim-cn-i-x-e- Øn Nne ASn-h-c-Iƒ \ In. "A-Xn-i-tbm- n s\-k- ohv C^-Iv mwv D m- p Xv. Ct m-gp BJy-m\ß- -fn-sems, Ihn-X-I-fn t]mepw AXns kzm[o-\-ap- v. tic-f-ønse ZenXv Pohn-Xhpw kw`-h-ßfpw ]c-am-h[n AXn-i-tbm n Ie Øn Ah-X-cn- n- mte icn-bmiq F coxn icn-b-.' CXv ae-bm-f-øn C\nbpw Zen- Xv] hmb\ i -am-ti Xp v F Imcyw Hm Ω-s -Sp-Øn. kwkoxw a\- ns\ am{x-a-, A co -søbpw XWp- n- pw. kwko-x-hp-ambn _ -s tej-\-ßfn khn-tij {i -t\-sn-bxv \Zow \ujmzns "-km-cw-kn-bnse Xo'bm-Wv (] - p-xn-c). kmcwkn- F kwkotxm-]-i-c-w-øns D]-tbm-K-Øn AIv_ I - n h am hpw AXns kmaq-lni ] m-ø-ehpw tej-\-øn hni-z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn- n- p- v. hmzy-i-ebpw hmtzym-]-i-c-w-ßfpw PmXn axm\pjvtm-\-ßfpambpw tkm{x-kw-kvir-xn-bp-ambpw tn p- \n p- p- v. 13

$Ccp-]Xmw \q m- ns a[y-tømss kmcwkn m n- kwko-x-øn \n pw ]Xps A{]-Xy- -am-hm XpS-ßn. Xhm-bn-^p-I-fpsS kw-ko-x, \rø ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ v AI-ºSn tkhn- -XmWv kmcw-kn-bpss ]X-\- Øn\v apjy -Im-c-Ww.$ $F nepw ]pxnb Xe-ap-d-bn kmcwkn ]p{\ P-\n- p-i-bmwv. C y Nn bp-ssbpw hnim-c-øn-s bpw Bflmhv {]I-Sn- n- p- p.$ $]g-b-ime KmbnI a m v hmk- n-bp-ambn Acp-Wna \S-Ønb A`n-apJw (tzim-`n-am\n hmcn-i-am 3) FSp- Øp-]-d-tb- -XmWv.$ $)dkvxmzv AwPZv Aen-Jm hn sikp-[o Ip-am F nh kμ t`m-nn-x-am-bn. ]{X-ßfpw ]{X-{]-h ØIcpw N -bm-hp- Xv kzm`m-hn-iw. ae-bm-fn-bpss hmb\kwkvim-csø Pzen- n p \n Ønb \nc-h[n ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cp- v.$

14 Ccp-]Xmw \q m- ns a[y-tømss kmcwkn m n- kwko-x-øn \n pw ]Xps A{]-Xy- -am-hm XpS-ßn. Xhm-bn-^p-I-fpsS kw-ko-x, \rø ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ v AI-ºSn tkhn- -XmWv kmcw-kn-bpss ]X-\- Øn\v apjy -Im-c-Ww. Zmkn \røßƒ v AI-ºSn tkhn- p D]-IcWw F vv Bt -]n v Nne kmcw- Knsb AI n \ndp-øn. kmcw-kn-bpss X{ n-iƒ ark-ß-fpss IpSen \n v D m- p- -Xn-\m PmXn t_m[- ap h Cu D]-I-c-W-tØmSv apjw Xncn- p (\Zow \ujm-zv). F nepw ]pxnb Xe-ap-d-bn kmcwkn ]p{\ P-\n- p-i-bmwv. C y Nn bp-ssbpw hnim-c-øn-s bpw Bflmhv {]I-Sn- n- p- p. cmw \mcmbwn \n pw kp Øm Jm\n \n pw {ZXp-tLmjv, Iam km{ºzn F n-h-cn-seøptºmƒ kmcw-kn-hmz- \w kpo-h-am-ip- p- v. ]g-b-ime KmbnI a m v hmk- n-bp-ambn Acp-Wna \S-Ønb A`n-apJw (tzim-`n-am\n hmcn-i-am 3) FSp- Øp-]-d-tb- -XmWv. ]m ns ] - -\ ØbpsS Pohn- X-Øn-te pw ]m p-h-gn-bn-te pw shfn- w-ho-ip- -Xm-bncp p Cu A`n-ap-J-te-J-\w. tzin-_m-wn-bpss a{μ- -am-[y-a-ßƒ (]me-\msv Znhm- I-c IY-Ifn kwko-xw.)dkvxmzv AwPZv Aen-Jm hn sikp-[o Ip-am F nh kμ t`m-nn-x-am-bn. ]{X-ßfpw ]{X-{]-h ØIcpw N -bm-hp- Xv kzm`m-hn-iw. ae-bm-fn-bpss hmb\kwkvim-csø Pzen- n p \n Ønb \nc-h[n ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cp- v. Ahsc A`n-am-\-tØmsS Hm p- -h-cp-ap- v. am[y-a-ßƒ v D m-bn-cp cmjv{so-b-t_m-[hpw kmaq-ly-{]-xn-_- - Xbpw ssitamiw hcmsx ImØp-kq- n- p- -h-cpss th ]mspw ]{X-ß-fpsS ac-whpw N -bm-hpi-bmwv kw{i-a-w-øns {]mcw` {]h Ø-\-ßƒ Hm Ω-s -Sp- Ønb tej-\w. C\n-bn Hcp kw{i-a-ww- -{]n-b-zmkv Pn.- aw-k-eøv/ inj-tam-l Zmkv (amxr-`qan). ]n si cho-{μ- \m-yv- -P-b-cmPv kuay-\mb apø- (P\-bpKw), t]mkn ]d- Xv tum.-hn-\oxm tat\m F nhbpw Hgn- p- \n Øm ] m-ø-h-bm-wv. Zriy-am-[y-a-cwKw h Ip-Xn v \S- Øp-tºmgpw {imhy-am-[y-a-amb tduntbm Ct mgpw kpo-h-ambn \n p p F Xv tdun-tbm-hn\v P\-ß-fn-ep AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. F m tduntbm \ms-i-ßƒ v ]gb-ime {]Xm-]-apt m F Xv At\zjW hnj-b-am-wv. tduntbm \ms-iß-fn-te pw t{imxm- -fn-te pw hmb-\- msc Iq n-s m- p-t]m-ip-i-bm-bn-cp p "Cu \ms-i-ønse IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw i_vzw \ In-b-hcpw' (lpssk ImcmSn N-{μnI BgvN- -Xn- v). tdun-tbm - \m-s-i-im-e-øns khn-ti-j-ifpw A m-eøv \ms-itømsv B-`n-apJyw {]I-S-am-bn-cp- Xpw {]ikvx Fgp- Øp-Im- -cpss IrXn-Iƒ \ms-i-cq-]-am-bxpw tej-i hni- Zo-I-cn- p- p. CXnt\mSv tn Øphmbn- m-hp tej- \-ßfmWv Sn. F.-{]-Imiv Fgp-Xnb IYm w \msiw 14 ]n.-si. ]md- -Shv n- p-ibpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb \nc-h[n Ihn-X-Iƒ aebm-f-øn\p \ Ip-Ibpw snbvx A]q Δ {]Xn-`-bmWv Un. hn\-b-n-{μ ' (hn\-b-n{μ Kpcp-apJw) A h Aen. s]æn-s\bpw {]W-b-sØ-bpw {]IrXn-sbbpw H aplq Ø-Øn km m-xvi-cn- p HIvtSm-hntbm ]mkns kqcy-in-e-bn-se- -t]mse ka-{km-\p-`q-xn-bn-tehn.-pn. Xºn A h Aen (N-{μnI BgvN- -Xn- v). cm[m-ir-jv-w ]e-tcbpw kv{in]v v tiƒ n- p. At m-sg mw Rm D n hnb Øp Ipfn- p. Fs A m-fn- n- Xv AsXm- p-a-. alm-\-s-\mb s\sp-apsn thwp \ms-i-øns kv{in]v v hmbn- p p. Hcp \ms-i- me-amwv \ΩpsS a\ n sx-fn-bp - -Xv. am nse tej-\-ß-fn \s mcp] pw Ihn hn\-b-n-{μs A\p-kvac-W-ß-fm-Wv. tum.-_n. CIv_m ""ac-wsø I n-s p \Sn v Ip p-i-b-td- -Xp v...'-' acww FgpXn asp- mø a\- v. AXp-sIm mimw {]IrXnsb Ft mgpw IqsS \S-Øn- p- -Xn Un. hn\- b-n-{μ Pm{KX ]pe Øn-b-Xv. ae-bm-f-i-hn-x-bn Nq p-h-gn-am-{x-a-, snm p-h-gnbpw Xncp-Øm Ign-bpsa v AS-bm-fs SpØnb Cu Ihn bm{x-bnepw {]Wb-Ønepw Pohn-X-Øns A w Xnc-bp-I-bm-bn-cp- p. Hcp {hwnx Xo m-s-is hnem-]-ßƒ hn\-b-n-{μs Ihn-X-I-fn ]Xn- p-\n p- v. "Cu cm{xn- ]-Yn-Is how-bm-ip p Cu kpk- n-iƒ Ahs apdn-hp-i-fm-ip p Ip n-te- p bm{x Ahs ktμ-i-am-ip p Ip n-d-ßp ag Ahs IpSpw-_-kz-Øm-Ip p Cu {]W-bnbpw H bv p \S- p-t]m-ip p...' ({]-W-b-I-hn-X) {]W-b-Ønepw bm{x-bnepw IpXn v hn\-b-] Δw ae-bm-f-i-hnx apdn- p-i-s- p-tºmƒ Xncn- p-hn-fn- m \ap-s mcp -snm p-hgnhmxn Xpd nsm hn\-b-n- {μ amjv ad- n-. IhnX kmaqlnipohnxøns ad] n ho pw XnSwhbv- p ImeØmWv Un.-hn-\-b- N-{μ Fgp-Øn-te v kpo-h-am- -bxv. Ihn-Xbpw I-Ybpw t\mhepw sim v \h-`m-hp-i-xzsø cmin-an-\p- n. ImhyhnhmZhyhkmbtØmSv H n\n n. P\m[n]Xy- ]camb D Wv-TItf hn\-b-n-{μs Ihn-X-Iƒ G p- ]m-sn-bp q. F nepw Ah Bflm -XbpsS Bghpw ]c- p-ambn Hgp-In-s m- n-cp- p. \m- ph-gn-ifpw ]ms-h-c-ºp-ifpw kap-{z-\o-enabpw sxm p-w Øm hn\-b-n-{μ\v Ffp w Ign- p. `m-jm-t]m-jnwnbpss hn\-b-n- {μ ]Xn v (am ve w) Ihn-a-\ pw Pohn-Xhpw Bg-Øn hni-i-e\w snbvxp. "Ihnbpw Imhy-]m-T-imebpw bm{xm-]p-kvx-i-hp-am-bn-cp p Un. hn\-b-n-{μ. hyxy-kvxhpw \qx- \-hp-amb LS-\-Iƒ XpS -bmbn ]co- -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$p \nkq-v-amb shº hn\-b-n-{μ-\nepw i -am- Wv hn. Pn Xºn (P -\msv IS-se-SpØ tzim-s-\- - n).$ $Ihn-Xbpw Imehpw hn\-b-n-{μ\pw Cg-tN Øv Bjm-ta-t\m hmbn- p- -Xn-ßs\- bmwv:"hn\-b-n-{μs IÆp-Iƒ Ft mgpw Pn mkm-`-cn-x-am-bn-cp- p. ]pdw-tem-i-ß-fnte pw AXns {Iqc-X-I-fn-te- pw(p-tem-zv`-h-øn-te- v).$ $A\p-kva-c-Whpw kn\n-abpw t]mse PmK-cq-I-amWv kmwkv-im-cni tic-f-hpw. ae- p-døv H.-hn.-hn-P-bs {]Xn-abv p t\sc \S-Ønb ssitb w kmwkv-im-cni ticfw Kuc-h-tØmsS ImWp-Ibpw {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp.$ $"kmwkvim-cni ae- p-d-øns hnp-b ' (am-[yaw) F tej-\-øn ]n. kptc-{μ ]d-bp p: hnp-bs {]Xna XI Ø-h kmwkvim-cni Ip -IrXyw Xs -bmwv snbvx-xv. hnp-bs Bflmhv Ah-tcmSv s]mdp- p-am-bn-cn- pw.$

15 p \nkq-v-amb shº hn\-b-n-{μ-\nepw i -am- Wv hn. Pn Xºn (P -\msv IS-se-SpØ tzim-s-\- - n). ag-s]-øp ]pkvxiw F tej- \-Øn "txm hpw Nnß\n-emhpw Ic- nepw Xncn-s -Øp- Xpw hn\-b-n- {μs Ihn-X-Iƒ p {][m-\-am-ip- p' at\mpv Ipdq Fgp-Xn. Ihn-Xbpw Imehpw hn\-b-n-{μ\pw Cg-tN Øv Bjm-ta-t\m hmbn- p- -Xn-ßs\- bmwv:"hn\-b-n-{μs IÆp-Iƒ Ft mgpw Pn mkm-`-cn-x-am-bn-cp- p. ]pdw-tem-i-ß-fnte pw AXns {Iqc-X-I-fn-te- pw(p-tem-zv`-h-øn-te- v). Xfn-cn Im\\w I h si _n {]k- -Ip-am-dns tej-\-øn ]d-bp p: Im pw agbpw a pw Ae-s - Ønb Ihn-X-bmWv hn\-b-n-{μ-t -Xv. ag-bpss Xmf-Øn hm p s]øp Ihn-X (im w amkn-i). A\p-kva-c-Whpw kn\n-abpw t]mse PmK-cq-I-amWv kmwkv-im-cni tic-f-hpw. ae- p-døv H.-hn.-hn-P-bs {]Xn-abv p t\sc \S-Ønb ssitb w kmwkv-im-cni ticfw Kuc-h-tØmsS ImWp-Ibpw {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Iem-Im-cs kvamc-ißtfmsv BZ-chv {]I-Sn- n- p- Xv kzm`m-hn-iw. ]s, AXn-t\mSv Ak-ln-jvWpX {]I-Sn- n- p- Xv A]q- Δw. tic-f-øn {]txy-in- pw. H.-hn.hnP-bs {]Xna hnir-am- nb kw`-hw B\p-Imen-I-ß-fn N -bm-bn. "kmwkvim-cni ae- p-d-øns hnp-b ' (am-[yaw) F tej-\-øn ]n. kptc-{μ ]d-bp p: hnp-bs {]Xna XI Ø-h kmwkvim-cni Ip -IrXyw Xs -bmwv snbvx-xv. hnp-bs Bflmhv Ah-tcmSv s]mdp- p-am-bn-cn- pw. ]t, ae-bm-fn-øn-t\ If w Fßs\ ambv pw?. `oi-c-hn-cp bp w- -]-Sn- m-dns ]pxn-b-apjw tdm_ v ^nkviv (am-xr-`q-an hnh. Ip n-ir-jvw ), Ncn-{X-sa-gp-Xm hcs kacw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv- C DÆn- Ir-jvW, `oi-csc t\m n Nncn- p am[y-a-ßƒ Fkv PK-Zo-jv_m_p(Iem-Iu-apZn e w 1956). ssh w apl-ωzv _jo-dn-s\- pdn v F. Fkv.-am-[-h tej\w Fgp-Xptºm-sg mw henb hm Øm- {]m-[m\yw e`n m-dp- v. ho pw am[- hs Hcp tej\w _jo-dn-s\- - n; _jo IrXn-Iƒ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ AXn-Pohn- p- -Xn-s\- p-dn- mwv IYm-Im-c hni-i-e\w \S-Øp- -Xv. "\mep Xe-apd-Iƒ \mep coxn-bn-emwv _jo-dns\ hmbn- -Xv. Hmtcm Xe-apd IS- p-t]m-iptºmgpw Hcmƒ Fgp-Xnb kmlnxyw amdp hmb-\m-io-e-ßƒ v hg-ßpi F Xv Fgp- Øn A]q- Δw kw`-hn- p {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv.' (`m-jmt]m-jn-wn). Iem-\p-`-h-Øns A -cm-fw- F tej-\w tic-f- Øn \S _n\m-sesb- n N snøp p (si.- ]n.-c-tajv,im w amkni). C ybn BZy-am-bn- mwv CØ-c-samcp _n\mse \S- p- -Xv. kzm`m-hn-iambpw Hcp 2013 G{]n si.-_n. {]k Ipam Fkv. tpmk^v tnmzyw Db p hcp- p. Hcp _n\mse kwkvimcw Dƒs m- m ]cym-]vx-amb kmaqln-im-sn-ø-d-bmtwm Chn-sS-bp- Xv F v Cu tej\w hmb-\- mcpss ap n Ah-X-c- n- p p.- ti-c-f- Øns kmwkvim-cni Ncn-{X-Øn ]pxn-sbm-c-[ymbw Xo p-i-bm-bncp p _n\m-se. Fgp-Øn hmb-\- m-cpss CS-s]- Sn.-F. {]Imiv S-ep- m-iptam? ]et mgpw Fgp-Øp- Im CXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- n- p- v. F m hmb-\- m-cpss ] -Øp-\n- p- m-ip Nne CS-s]-SepIsf Ah-K-Wn- m\pw km[n- n-. AØcsamcp A\p`hamWv AIv_ I - n ]d-bp- Xv "hmb-\- m-cpss kvt\lw' F tej-\-øn. ]cn-nn-x-\mb A]-cn-Nn-X - -F- m-h-tcbpw Xr]vXn-s -Sp- Øp Hcp IY Akm-[y-amb Hcp kz]v\-am-sw- -dnbm-sa- nepw AXp-Xs Rm\`n-e-jn- p p. F m-htcbpw Xr]vXn-s -Sp-Øm Fgp-Øn-s\- H n\pw km[y-a-. ]q Æ-ambpw Xr]vXn-s -Sp- Xv Iebpw Pohn- X-hp-a F mwv Ie-bpsS kuμ-cy-im-kv{xw apt m- p-h-bv p Bi-b-ß-fn-sem- v. "i_vz-an- m-ø-h-cpss i_vzw-' (l-aozv tnμ-aw-k-eq, a-e-bmfw hmcn-i am v 29) kmwkvim-cnicwk-hpambn _ -s \nc-h[n hnjb-ßƒ v Du \ Ip- p. kmaq-lni kmwkvim-cni awvu-e-øn kw`-hn- p B[p-\o-IcWw F m P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw [mc-wsb ]nsn- p- Ip-ep- p-ibpw ]e-t mgpw am n-a-dn- p-ibpw snøp- p tej-is Cu \nco- -W-Øn\v Ct mgpw {]k- n-bp- v. \Ωp-sS Nn -I-sfbpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-sfbpw A n-adn- -s -Sp- -Xn B[p-\o-I-c-W-Øns ] v sndp-x-. Pohn-X-Ønepw Fgp-Ønepw {]kw-k-ønepw ssihn- pt]m-ip hm p-isf pdn v Hm Ω-bp-W ØpIbmWv lao-zv. CXn-t\mSv tn Øp-hm-bn- m-hp- -XmWv Fw.-ap- Ip-μs ImgvN- m-sv ""A\y-h -c-w-sams a\- n- em-h-w-sa- n B _ Imap-hn-s\-tbm, Po t]mƒ km {Xn-s\tbm hmbn-t - -Xn-. ]Tn v ]Wn-bn- msx \m p-im t m, ho p-im t m th m-ø-h-cm-bn-øo t mƒ km {Xpw Imaphpw ]d A\y-h -c-w-a-, AXn-t\- mfpw `oi-c-amb A\yh -c-w-amwv t\cn-ts n h -Xv. Cu dnbm-en- nbmwv Rm Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.''(Rm I PohnXw Rm Fgp-Xnb IY- Iƒ hn.-si.-kp-tc-jv, N{μnI BgvN- -Xn v). am v Fkv.-sI.-bpsS P -i- F.-F-kv.-am-[-h Xm_vZnbmbncp- p. B\p-Im-en-Ißfpw Fkv.-sI.-kva-cW ani-hp coxn-bn Ah-X-cn- n- p. am[y-a-øns (am v 25) Fkv.- si. ]Xn- n ]n.-si.-]m-d- -Shv AS-bm-f-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xnßs\:"\nXy-bm-{Xn-I-\m-bn-cp p Fkv. si. temi-øns ]e `mk-ß-fnepw kml-kn-i-ambn k -cn Fkv. si. Xncn-s Øn \m n-en-cn- p-tºmgpw bm{x-bpss simxn-xocmsxsim p \S- p... ASpØ Hcp P -ap-s - n Hcp \mtsm-sn-bmbn temiw apgp-h Ae p \S- m-\m-wvv 15

$]pxnb Fgp-Øp-Iƒ "AΩ apºn \St mfp Rm ]n Xp-S t m-fmw... ' si.fkv. sh nsmnew Hcp ImeØv kz w \msns bpw, P\-ß-fp-sSbpw, hosns bpw KXn-sI Ah-ÿ-I-sf- n am{x-am-bn-cp p B{^n- Fgp-Øp-Iƒ.$ $F m timtfm-wn-b `c-w-øn-\p-ti-jw, {]txy-in- v, 1980\pw 1990\pw tijw Hcp Iq w Fgp-Øp-Im The third generation of African writers - kmln-xy-ønte p IS p h p.$ $]pe- º-ep-I-tfm, im]-hm- p-itfm ]pxnb Xe-ap-d-bnse Fgp- Øn ImWm-\m-hn-. adn v hy -amb ImgvN- m-sns sxfn \otcm w t]mse hm p-iƒ Ah-cpsS IY- I-fn Hgp-Ip- p.$

16 ]pxnb Fgp-Øp-Iƒ "AΩ apºn \St mfp Rm ]n Xp-S t m-fmw... ' si.fkv. sh nsmnew Hcp ImeØv kz w \msns bpw, P\-ß-fp-sSbpw, hosns bpw KXn-sI Ah-ÿ-I-sf- n am{x-am-bn-cp p B{^n- Fgp-Øp-Iƒ. Zmcn-{Zy-Øns Nn{X-ßfpw, hnnn- {X-ß-fmb BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw, hnizm-k-ßfpw B{^n- kmln-xysø \mtsm-sn- -Y-I-fpsS As - n b n- -Y-I-fpsS ti{μ-ambn am{xw I p ]pdw-cm-py-ßƒ. F m timtfm-wn-b `c-w-øn-\p-ti-jw, {]txy-in- v, 1980\pw 1990\pw tijw Hcp Iq w Fgp-Øp-Im The third generation of African writers - kmln-xy-ønte p IS p h p. Ah-cpsS i_vzhpw ImgvN- mspw hyxy-kvx-am-bn-cp- p. temi-øns ]e- `m-k-ß-fn Pohn- p Cu ]pxnb Xe-apd kz w kwkvim-csø ad- m-sx, temi-søbpw kz w \msn-s\bpw XßfpsS ImgvN- m-sn hne-bn-cp-øn-s m- n-cn- p- p. ]pe- º-ep-I-tfm, im]-hm- p-itfm ]pxnb Xe-ap-d-bnse Fgp- Øn ImWm-\m-hn-. adn v hy -amb ImgvN- m-sns sxfn \otcm w t]mse hm p-iƒ Ah-cpsS IY- I-fn Hgp-Ip- p. Hcp cmpy-øn-\p-th n am{xtam Hcp {]txyi h K-Øn\p th n am{xtam A Ah Fgp- Xp- -Xv. sltem l_ne FUn v snbvx The Granta Book of the African short story F kam-lm-c- Øns {]txy-i-xbpw AXp-X-s -bm-wv. The Granta Book of the African short story. Edited by Helon Habila. Granta Publication, London. Page: 378, Price Rs.799/- taml-sa v Fkv. si. ]d- n-cp- p'. Fkv.-sI.-bpsS k m-c-h-gn-i-fpss sshhn[yw BI j-wo-b-am-wv. "\K-c-Øn-c- p- Itfm ]Sp-Iq- si n-s-ßtfm AZv`p- X-s -Sp-Øp imkv{x-km-t -XnI kwhn-[m-\-ßtfm kº- X hnfn-t m- Xp `uxni kuμ-cytam A Cu k mcnsb BI jn- p- -Xv. ] bmb a\p-jy\pw Ahs Bhmk hyh-ÿbpw ss\k KnI {]Ir- Xnbpw AXv krjvsn- p AZv`pX {]]- -hp-amwv F pw Fkv.sIsb BI jn- -Xv.' (tum. Fw. IrjvW \ºq-Xncn). ]pxnb Ime-Øv bm{x ae-bm-fn-bp-ssbpw Pohn- X-Øns A`n-hm-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. ] v Fkv.sIbpw a pw \S-Ønb bm{x-ifpw hnh-c-w-ßfpw henb AZv`p- X-s -Sp-Ø-emWv hmb-\- m-cn krjvsn- -Xv. bm{xm-\p- `h hnh-c-w- -ß-fn- mø B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ Ct mƒ aebm-f-ønepw ]pd-øn-d-ßp- n-s v ]d-bmw. amxr-`q-an-, am[y-aw, Iem-Iu-ap-Zn, N{μnI XpS-ßn-b-h-bn bm{xbp-ambn _ -s tej-\-ßƒ h p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Ch-bn AIw amkn-i-bn ]n.-kp-tc-{μ sim - Ø-bnse "tkm\m-k- n-bnse ImgvN-Iƒ', am\knbpss ssn\-bnse bm{xm-\p-`-h-ßƒ (h a-xn-en-\n- p-dw), kz - K-sa-gp-Xnb \K-c- m-gvn-iƒ hnpn Xºn (am[y-aw) F o bm{xm- p-dn- p-iƒ thdn p\n p- p. Btcm-Ky-hn-j-b-Øn ae-bm-fn-iƒ F m ImeØpw Pm{KX ]pe Øm-dp- v. Btcm-Ky-hp-ambn _ -s v hcp tej-\-ß-fpss hmb-\-bnepw \Ωƒ ap n X-s -bm-wv.p\-io-bm-tcm-kysø XI ØXv F 16 laozv tnμ-aw-k-eq Pn H Bbn amdnb ]cn-jtøm? amxr-`q-an-bpss (am v 31) Ih tãmdn Kuc-h-]q Δw hmbn- -s - p. tic-f-øn Hcp ImeØv kpo-h-am-bn-cp P\-Io-bm-tcm-Ky-{]- ÿm-\-øns ]n -S w s]mxp-p-\mtcmky cwk-øp- m- nb {]Xn-k- n- Iƒ N -sn-øp-i-bmwv tum.-_n.-c- Iv_m (P\-Io-bm-tcmKyw {]Xn-k- nbp v {]Xn-tcm-[-hpw). Btcm-Ky- -Fw.-Ir-jvW \ºq-Xncn Øns cmjv{sobw Ah-km-\nt m F tej-\hpw (si.-cm-a-n-{μ ) Btcm-Ky-cw-KØv F mwv kw`-hn- p- -sx v At\zjn- p- p. ]ou-\- hm Ø-Ifpw IY-Ifpw hmb-\-bn ]pxpa \jvs-s -Sp-ØpI-bmtWm? As n B\p-Im-en-Ißƒ ]pxnb sk kn-_n-en n krjvsn-s -Sp- m-\p Xøm-sd- Sp- n-emtwm F n-ßs\ Bi- -bn \n Øp Hcp Ih tãm-dn-bm-bn-cp p ae-bmfw hmcnibptsxv (am v 22). BWp-ßsf _em kwkw snøp kv{xoisf Bh-iy-ap v F tej-\w. kv{xo]ou-\sø ]pxnb ImgvN- m-sn hni-i-e\w snøp-i-bmwv Xmlm-am-SmbnbpsS tej-\w. b n- -Y-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hmb-\bpw kv{xopo-hn-xhpw ]cm-a in- p-sim v v Xml FgpXn: "_em kw-k-øns \nan-j-øn kv{xop- -a- \p-`-hn- p thz-\m-p-\-i-amb \n -lm-b-xbpw H -s - Sepw F{X Xo vw-am-sw -dn-bm _em kw-k-øn- \n-c-bm-hp ]pcp-j\p am{xta km[n q;' Cßs\ hcƒ -bv n-s-bnepw hmb-\m-tem-i-øns Nn sb sxmgn- p-w Øp tej-\-ßƒ, Fgp-Øns kpohapj-amwv shfn-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

17 ]gb Nne Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-sSbpw IY-Iƒ Cu kamlm-c-øn-ep- v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn AeIvkv emkmam ( ), Imadm te ( ). ]e {]i-kvx-cp-ssbpw t]cp- Iƒ Cu kam-lm-c-øn-en-. ImcWw? Ah sndp-i-y- I-sf-gp-Xn-bn- n-. DZm-l-cWw: sp. Fw. Iq vsk, thmse tkmbnw-kv, {Inkv Aºm\n XpS-ßn-b-h. Ccp-]- sømºxv IY-I-fp v Cu kam-lm-c-øn. Fgp-Øp- Im-cp-sSbpw IqSn CjvSw t\m n-bmwv IY-Iƒ Xncs -Sp-Ø-sX v Bap-J-Øn Xam-i-bmbn l_ne ]d-bp- p. In a sense then, this is sort of writers anthology of African short stories. bph Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bmb Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bpss The arrangers marriage BWv BZysØ IY. \m Xv hb-kn\v Xmsg-bp ani Ccp-]Xv Fgp- Øp-Im-cn /ImcnI-fn Hcm-fmbn New Yorker hmcni (Twenty under forty) Chsc Ign h jw Xnc-s -Sp- Øn-cp- p. Ata-cn- -bn FØn-s -Sp B{^n- bphm-hns Im]-SysØ Fgp-Øp-Imcn ImWn p Xcp- p. Iq -Øn kz w kwkvimcw (F-hnsS \n v h h-cm-sw- n-epw) ad- p- -h-sc-bpw. Nn\mkm HIm-t^m F ss\po-cn-b bphxn hnhml t{_m aptj\ h ps] _ -Øn-eqsS hnhm-ln-x-bmbn Ata-cn- bn-se-øp- p. hc tumivs-dm-wv. B{^n- - m-c Xs. Imep IpØnb \nanjw Xs Xm h n- s - -Xmbn Ahƒ Xncn- -dn-bp- p. New husband/new wife F o hm p-iƒ IY-bn [mcmfw D]-tbm-Kn- s -Sp- p- v. \s v F km[\w C mø Im]-Sy- Øns Ah-Xm-c-amWv Xs New husband F Xncn- -dn-hn-te v Hcm-gvN- p- n Xs Ahsf FØn- p kw`-h-ßsf Fgp-Øp-Imcn sndnb sndnb hm p-i-fn-eqss ]d-bp- p- v. Ata-cn- -bn thsd t]cmwv Abmƒ v. hmbv\m w, Iq w-h-en, ssewkni _ thf-bn Abmƒ ImWn- p B{Im w (Another thing the arrangers of marriage failed to mention), ]nip- v, Ahn-lnX _ sø ad p ]nsn- m-\p {iaw, Ah-fpsS t]cv am m \n _- n-, kwkmc \nb- { Ww ( This is not Nigeria where you shout out to the conductor ), amk-ß-tfmfw ]g- -ap ioxo-i-cn amwkw Ign-t nhc, kz w \m nse ` Ww D m n Ign- m-\m-hmø Ah-ÿ (s]m-cn- p-tºmgsø aww ASpØ ho p-im kln- n-. Btcm-]-Whp-ambn FØpw) F nh \h-h-[p-hns ka-\ne sx n- p- p. am{x-a ` Ømhv icn pw Hcp tumivs-dmhm C\nbpw h j-ß-sf-sp- p-sa- pw, ap `mcy-bn \n v hnhm-l-tam-n\w t\sn-bn- n-s pw a\- n-em- p- p. F n\v Fs hnhmlw Ign p F tnmzy- Øn\v Light skinned blacks fare better in America F ` Øm-hns Cfn- p-sim- p DØcw Ahsf Dd Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp- m \n _- n- p- p. \nbm F Ata-cn- IdpØ h - m-cn-bpss klm-b-tømss Work permit t\sn kz w Imen \n m ]pxnb ` Ømhns\ Ah-K-Wn- m\pw Ahƒ Xocp-am-\n- p- p. kz w kwkvim-csø ad- p- -hsc i -amb `mj-bn Fgp-Øp-Imcn hna in- p- p- v. Pn-dm-^pw B\bpw _nw_-ß-fm-hp IY-bmWv Yvonne Vera bpss why dont you carve other animals? 2013 G{]n F IY. hgn-h- n-en-cp v Pndm-^ns cq]w am{xw acw sim v D m- p- -h-t\msv, sxm -Sp-Øn-cn- p Nn{X-Im-c tnmzn- p p: thsd ark-ßsf D m- n- qss? cq]w \n Ωn- p- -h Xpºnss Db Øm- \m-hmø tzl-tømss tn v H n-t mb Hcp B\sb D m- n-bn- p v apºv. Abmƒ ]d-bp p: B\ ImSns\ `cn- n-cp p. B\bv v ImSn-s\- mfpw {]mb-ap- v. ]t Pndm^v IgpØv \o n ac-ßsf mfpw Db v \n p p ImSv Xs kz -am-sw `mhtøm-ss. ac-øns api-fn-ep Ce-Isf AXp Xn p- p. B\ Znhkw apgp-h aæn InS v Dcp-fp- p. ck-i-c-ambn txm p- nt? B\bpw Pndm^pw XΩnep t]mcm w ac-øns api-fn-ep Ce-Isf Xn m? apxpiøv Nn{X-I-º-f-tØmsS Kw`o-c-ambn Pndm^v \S- p- p. AXmWv t]mcm- w. B\ v \o Xpºn-ssI-bp- v. Pndm-^n\v \o Igp-Øpw. ]pdøv \n v h Hcp i n Fßs\ as mcp \m n B[n- ]Xyw ÿm]n- p- p-sh v s] ]pc-kvim-c-a-s w [mcmfw ]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ t\snb Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bmb Yvonne Vera ( ) ImWn- p-x-cp- p. Hcp Id-t]mse a\- n Xßn-\n p IYbmWv an n Pm^v\-bpsS c p t]pv am{x-ap The Home coming. GI-tZiw \m Xv h j-tømfw ]pdøv ho ptpmenbpw, ASp- -f- -Wnbpw a pw snbvxv Xs {Kma-Øn-te v ÿnc-ambn Xma-kn- m _ n hcp AΩsb kzoi-cn- m Cfb aiƒ hgn-tbm-cøv ImØp \n p p. c v ]gb s] n-ifp-ambn Cd-ßp p AΩ. kºm-zy-ß-sfm pw Imcy-ambn- n-. henb s] n aiƒ kz w Xe-bn hbv p- p. sndpxv AΩ kz w Xe-bn-epw. hb hc-ºneqss \S- p-tºmƒ aiƒ {]I-Sn- n- p kvt\lhpw hm -eyhpw AΩsb Ic- n-ens h -sø-øn- p- p. H pw ]d-bm-\m-hp- n-. ImcWw HcΩ \ ti- n-bn-cp kvt\l-tam, hm -eytam {i tbm aq p a ƒ v \ Im Ah v Ign- n- n-. B pw Xp pw kln v ]pdøv Ign-bp-I-bm-bn-cp- p-ht m Ah. (so we continued in silence, this stranger - my daughter -and I) hgn-bn Ipd p hn{i-an tijw ho pw \SØw XpS-cm Bcw- `n- p-tºmƒ aiƒ ]d-bp p: thkw t]mww. F mhcpw ImØn-cn- p- p. AΩ apºn \S-t m-fp. F{X thk-øn \S- -W-sa v AΩ Xocp-am-\n-t m-fp. Rm ]n Xp-S t m-fmw. ]mgm- -s - -Xpw, ]oun- n- -s - - Xp-amb Xs ico-c-øn-te p t\m p-i-bpw, ]ns N -ap Cu ]pjv]w s]m n-hn-s `qan-sb- n Nn n- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim v CSp-ßnb hc-ºn-eqss AΩ thkw \S- m XpS-ßp- p apt m p t\m p IÆp- I-tfmSpw \nh ico-c-tøm-spw. Nn n- m-\pw, N snøm\pw bm{x snøm-\pw, B{K-l-ßƒ k^-eo-i-cn- m-\p-ap kzmx{ yw P\- ßƒ p Dt -S-tØmfw Imew, Hcp cmpy-øn-s -tbm, cmjv{so-b- m-c-s tbm ASn-a-I-fm-hm-Xn-cn- p-t -StØmfw Imew, P\-ßƒ Ie krjvsn- p-i-bpw, XßfpsS ani Nn -Isf sndp-i-y-i-fm- p-ibpw snøpsa v Bap-J-Øn sltem lm_ne ]d-bp- - Xns\ icn-h-bv p- -XmWv Cu kam-lm-c-ønse IY- Iƒ. 17

$k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w 18 hnπ-h-ß-fpss \s v ]pkvx-i-ßƒ tic-f-km-lnxy A m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn iin[-c IfØn ens Sn.-sI.-kn. hsp-xe Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-Ifpw F {KŸw knhniv N{μ hn.-pn.$

18 k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w 18 hnπ-h-ß-fpss \s v ]pkvx-i-ßƒ tic-f-km-lnxy A m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn iin[-c IfØn ens Sn.-sI.-kn. hsp-xe Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-Ifpw F {KŸw knhniv N{μ hn.-pn. Xºnbv v \evin {]Im-i\w snøp- p. si.-fw. ic-xvn-{μ, {KŸ-Im-c, A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-irjvw F n-h kao]w -kmw-kvim-cni hm Ø-Iƒ ti{μ-a{ n Nnc-RvPohn C y-bnse al-ømb hnπ-h-ßf-pss \s m-bxv ]pkvx-i-ß-fmsw v ti{μ Sqdnkw hip pa{ n tum. si. Nnc-RvPohn A`n-{]m-b-s - p. Xr»q ]ªnIv sse{_-dn-bpss ]pkvx-tim- hw "A -tcm- hw' Su lm-fn DZvLm-S\w snøp-i-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. almflm-km n apx tum. Fkv. cm[m- Ir-jvW hsc-bp BZy-Ime `c- W-I Øm- ƒ hmb-\m-io-ehpw FgpØpw ssiap-x-em-bp ani Nn -I-cm-bn-cp- p. Ah-cpsS Icp-ØnemWv C y C p ImWp C ybm-b-xv. F m C v AØcw t\xm- -fpt m F v kwi-b-am-wv- -A-t±lw ]d- p. kzmx-{ y-k-a-c-øn sfiy-ap- m- p- -Xn\v ]pkvx-i-ßfpw sse{_-dn-i-fp-amwv Gsd klm-bn- - Xv. \q n-\m Xv h jw ]g- -ap sse{_dn Xs Xr»q-cns\ tic-f- Ønse G hpw {][m\ kmwkvimcni ti{μ-am n am p-sa pw At±lw ]d- p. ]n.-kn. Nmt m Fw.-]n. A[y- -\m-bn. tic-f-øn-ep- n-s-tømfw {]km-[-icpw {KŸ-ime-Ifpw as hnss-bp-an-s pw F m tic-f-øn\p ]pd-øp kaq-l-øns `mjm-kvt\lw aebm-fn-iƒ I p-]-tn-t - -XmsW pw hnin-jvsm-xn-yn-bmb F.- _n.-sn. snb am tkxp ]d- p. a p `mj-i-fnse Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS ]pkvx-i-ßƒ c mw-]-xn- p-t]mepw Cd-ßp- Xv {]bm-k-am-sw- n-cns tic-f-øn \ ]pkvx-i-ßƒ ]Øn-tesd ]Xn- p-iƒ Cd-ßp- p. sse{_-dn-iƒ Imem-Im-e-ß-fmbn snbvxp-h \ni-_vz-tk-h-\-øns ^eambmwv C pw Fgp-Øp-Imcpw kmln-xy-c-n-\-ifpw \ne-\n p- sx pw At±lw ]d- p. AUz. txd-ºn cma-ir-jvw Fw.-F.-F. apjy-{]-`m-jww \S- Øn. tab sf.-]n. t]mƒ, Pn m-]- m-bøv {]kn-u v si.-hn. Zmk, ]ªnIv sse{_dn {]kn-u v tum. ]n.-hn. IrjvW \m-b, sk{i- dn s{]m^. tpm kndn-b-iv, sshkv {]kn-u v Sn.-B. c p F n-h kwkm-cn- p. ae-bm-f-`m-jbpw kwkvim-chpw ad Cw ojv ]T-\-a Bhiyw si. Pb-Ip-am ae-bm-f-`m-jbpw kwkvim-chpw ad- p-sim- p Cw ojv ]T-\-a \ap- m-h-iy-sa v ae-bmfw k Δ-Iem-ime sshkv Nm k-edpw ap No^v sk{i- -dn-bp-amb si. Pb-Ipam A`n-{]m-b-s - p. ani coxn-bnep amxr-`m-jm-]-t\w hy n-ifpss `mjm-tijn i n-s -Sp-Øp- Ibpw CXc `mj-iƒ kzmb-ø-am- m klm-bn- p-ibpw snøpsa pw At±lw ]d- -p. apf- p- -Øp-Imhv Ine-bn c m-axv cmpym- c Cw ojv A[ym- ]I tim ^-d kns kam-]\ ktω-f-\-øn apjy {]`m-jww \S- Øp-I-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. kmt -XnI hnzy-bpss _mlpeyw enjn-x-`m-jm-ssi-ensb XI p- - Xn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv C p \Ωƒ Ab- p-sim- n-cn- p Fkv.-Fw.- F-kv. F pw At±lw ]d- p. kam-]\ ktω-f-\-øn tim -tdj hnzym-`ymk Ãm UnMv IΩ n snb am tum. Dkvam A[y- X hln- p. tã v C Ãn- yq v Hm^v Cw ojv Ub-d-IvS ]n.-si. Pbcm-Pv, s{]mpivsv Ub-d-IvS F. cmp, tum. sh n-ts-iz-c, hn\np F n-h kwkm-cn- p. s]ms - m v ]I-c- m-c-\n- mø {]Xn` Fw.-Pn.-F-kv. \mcm-b-w k m-c-km-ln-xy-cw-ksø ]I-c- m-c-\n- mø {]Xn-`-bmWv Fkv.-sI. s]ms - m-s p tum. Fw.-Pn.-F-kv. \mcm-b-w ]d p. Xp -sø-gp- Ø- ae-bmfw k h-i-em-im-ebpss t\xr-xz-øn timgn-t m v kwl-sn- n Fkv.-sI. s]ms - m v P -i-xm_vzn skan-\m DZvLm-S\w snøp-i-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. sndnb ÿeøp Pohn- p-, sndnb a\- p ae-bm-fnsb henb temi-tø p \bn- Xp s]ms - m- m-wv. ]pdw-tem-iøp am{xa kz w aq n\p Xmsgbpw Hct[m-tem-I-ap-s v At±lw \sω Hm an- n- p. sxcp-hns IY AØc-samcp At[m-tem-I-sØ- p-dn- m- Wv. shfpø h K- m-c IdpØ h K- msc NqjWw snøp- -Xn tcmjw sim p-tºmgpw F m-hscbpw ka-`m-h-\-tbmss ImWm- \p Ignhv At±-l-Øn-\p- m-bn-cp- p. Cu ka-`m-h-\-bm-bn-cp p e - \n-te p t]mb-xp-t]m-se, Ata-cn- bn-te p t]mb-xp-t]m-se, Cs m-\ojy-bn-te p t]mhm\pw At±- -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$]n.-si. ]md- -S-hns IY F {KŸw tim -bøv \S NS-ßn kn.-b.-hm-a-\- p- kn.-]n. _npp-hn\v \evin {]Im-in- n- p- p. ap n-\msv ]fl-ip-am, tum. kpp kqk tpm v F n-h kao]w lsø t{]cn- n- -sx v Fw.-Pn.-F-kv. ]d- p.$ $Znhm-I-c-, tum. _n.-hn. iin-ip-am, tum. an\n {]km- Zv, jnlm-_p-±o s]mbvøpw-i-shv XpS-ßn-b-h {]_- -ß-f-h-X-cn- n p. H.-hn. hnp-b ]pc-kvimcw IrXn-Iƒ Wn p sslz-cm-_m-znse \ho\ kmwkvim-cni Iem-tI{μw G s Sp- Ønb H.$

19 ]n.-si. ]md- -S-hns IY F {KŸw tim -bøv \S NS-ßn kn.-b.-hm-a-\- p- kn.-]n. _npp-hn\v \evin {]Im-in- n- p- p. ap n-\msv ]fl-ip-am, tum. kpp kqk tpm v F n-h kao]w lsø t{]cn- n- -sx v Fw.-Pn.-F-kv. ]d- p. Ie-IvS si.-hn. taml Ip-am B[y w hln NS-ßn aebmfw k h-i-em-ime sshkv Nm k-e si. Pb-Ip-am, tum. tpm Pv HmW- q, s{]m^. si.-hn. txmakv XpS-ßn-b-h {]kw-kn- p. Bjm-ta-t\m, ]n.-si. ]md- -S-hv, tum. B.hn.-Fw. Znhm-I-c-, tum. _n.-hn. iin-ip-am, tum. an\n {]km- Zv, jnlm-_p-±o s]mbvøpw-i-shv XpS-ßn-b-h {]_- -ß-f-h-X-cn- n p. H.-hn. hnp-b ]pc-kvimcw IrXn-Iƒ Wn p sslz-cm-_m-znse \ho\ kmwkvim-cni Iem-tI{μw G s Sp- Ønb H.-hn. hnp-b kvamci ]pckvim-c-øn\v IrXn-Iƒ Wn- p. Aº-Xn-\m-bn-cØn H v (50,001) cq]bpw inev]hpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw AS-ßn-b-XmWv Ahm Uv se ]pc-kvimcw Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-Øn-\m- Wv P\p-hcn H n\pw 2012 Unkw- _ 31- \pw CS-bn H mw-]-xn- mbn {]kn- o-i-cn {KŸ-ß-fpsS A p- {]-Xn-Iƒ hoxw I ho-\, H.-hn. hnp-b Ahm Uv IΩn- n, D - q a\, hst _ v Ãm v, kn n t]mãv, Xr»q F hnemk-øn Ab-bv -Ww. AW-bmØ Zo]-ßƒ them-bp-[ ]Wn- -t»-cn-bpss ""AW-bmØ Zo]-ßƒ'' F {KŸw Ip -en-bq \f-μ-bn tn 2013 G{]n tbmk-øn B -t mb ] n- n s{]m^: C. cho-{μ-\m-y\v \ In {]Im-i\w snbvxp. C n ANyp-X, sship-wvt-kzm-an-iƒ, ssx m v Aøm-kzm-an-Iƒ, Bdm- p-]pg thembp[]wn-, Ipamc Kpcp-tZ-h-, \n[o-cn- amwn- -Ø-\m, at cn cma-ø, h w aue-hn, aq t møv Ipam-c-, si. tif- F o alzv hy n-isf Cu {KŸ- Øn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. kwkox \msi A m-zan elp-\m-si a -c-øn-te v At]- n- pi ticf kwkox \msi A m-zan kwl-sn- n- p kwÿm\ elp- \m-si a -c-øn-te v At] Wn- p. \msi a -c-øn ]s - Sp- m-\m-{k-ln- p \ms-i-kw-lßƒ 2013 sabv 25- \v sship-t cw 5 awn- p- n kv{in]v ns 3 tim n-ifpw hni-z-amb kwhn-[m-b- I- p-dn pw A m-zan Hm^o-kn FØn- Ww. 30 an\n- n\pw 45 an\n- n\pw CS-bn ka-b-ssz Ly-ap \ms-i-ß-fmwv Ab-t - -Xv. At] t^mdhpw \nb-am-h-enbpw A m-zan Hm^o-kn \nt m sh_vssk- n \nt m e`y-am-wv. X]m-en e`n-t - p- -h 5 cq]- bpss Ãmºv ]Xn Ih klnxw At]- n-t - -Xm-Wv Pq amk-øn-emwv \ms-i-a- cw \S- p- -Xv. t^m , hnemkw: sk{i- -dn, ticf kwkox \msi A m-z-an, Xriq 20. sh_vssk v: natakaakademi.com. klr-z-b-thzn hm jniw klr-z-b-th-zn-bpss hm jn-imtlm-j-øns s]mxp-k-tω-f\w PÃnkv si. \mcm-b-w- p-dp v DZvLm-S\w snbvxp. s{]m^. kn.- F. B Wn P -i-xm_vzn Ahm- Uv s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyphn\pw ]n.-sn.-f. P -i-xm_vzn Ahm Uv {ioaxn si.-si. kz]v\- bv pw PÃnkv si. \mcm-b-w- pdp v \evin. AUz. txd-ºn cma-irjvw Fw.-F.-F. Ahm Uv tpxm- sf s]m ms Nm Øn, {]ikvxn-]{xw \evin. {]kn-u v ]n.-hn. KwKm-[-c amã A y- X hln- p. kwkox \msi A m-zan sk{i- dn tum. ]n.-hn. IrjvW \m-b, tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, s{]m^. hn.-f. h o-kv, s{]m^. hn.- ]n. tpm kv, t n aq, chn ]pjv]-kncn XpS-ßn-b-h {]kw-kn- p. IYm- -I-hn-X- -te-j\ a -c-hn-pbn-iƒ v s{]m^. Fw. txmakv kn m ^ut -js Imhy-]p-c-kvImcw \S a[p-hn \n v hn.-pn. Xºn kzoi-cn- p- p. 19

$amxyp Iymjv ss{]kp-iƒ hnx-cww snbvxp. s{]m^. txmakv amxyp Ahm Up-XpI jo_ Aao-dns tkh-\-{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ mbn thznbn sh v kw`m-h\ \evin. s{]m^. kn.-f. B Wn P i-xm_vzn skan-\m, hnh-cm-h-imi IΩo-j-W tum.$ ${]-Ya ]pkvim-c-øn\v At] Wn- p. 20,000 cq]bpw inev]hpw {]i-kvxn- ]-{Xhpw A-S-ßp ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v ]cn-k-wn- -s -ts- h IrXn-Iƒ ]q W-hn-hcw klnxw Pq 30 \v apºv I ho-\, kn.-hn. {iocm-a {SÃv, Sn.sI.$

20 amxyp Iymjv ss{]kp-iƒ hnx-cww snbvxp. s{]m^. txmakv amxyp Ahm Up-XpI jo_ Aao-dns tkh-\-{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ mbn thznbn sh v kw`m-h\ \evin. s{]m^. kn.-f. B Wn P i-xm_vzn skan-\m, hnh-cm-h-imi IΩo-j-W tum. Ipcymkv Ipºf- pgn DZvLm-S\w snbvxp. tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b A y- X hln- p. kn.-hn. {iocm-a sndp-iy ]pc-kvimcw IrXn-Iƒ Wn p kn.-hn. {iocm-a {SÃv ae-bm-f- Ønse bph sndp-i-ym-ir-øp- ƒ v ]pc-kvimcw \ Ipw. {]-Ya ]pkvim-c-øn\v At] Wn- p. 20,000 cq]bpw inev]hpw {]i-kvxn- ]-{Xhpw A-S-ßp ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v ]cn-k-wn- -s -ts- h IrXn-Iƒ ]q W-hn-hcw klnxw Pq 30 \v apºv I ho-\, kn.-hn. {iocm-a {SÃv, Sn.sI. IrjvW kvamc-i-aμncw, inh-t {Xw tdmuv, Ip w- Ipfw F hn-emk- -Øn ka n- Ww. kmln-xy-n bpw ]pkvx-i-{]-im-i-\hpw Imh-t»cn {KŸ- pc kmwkv-imcn-i-thznbp-ssbpw s\ md h Ø-am- \-th-zn-bp-ssbpw kwbp- m-`n-ap-jy- Øn ka-im-en-i-a-e-bmf IYm- N bpw F.-Fw. \qte-en-bpss «Ym- -c-ßƒ, hn.-kn. Abn-eqcns Bfl-k-Jn-tbmSv F o IrXn- I-fpsS {]Im-i-\hpw \S- p. s\ md Fw.-F.-F. hn. sn m-a-cm- ap a{ n hn.-kn. I_o-dn\pw _n.kn. 20 taml-\ Abn-eq Znhm-I-c\pw ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss {]Xn-Iƒ \ Ins m- mwv {]Im-in- n- -Xv. {KŸ- pc kmwkvim-cni amkn-i-bpss {KŸ-imem- -Xn v hn.-f. Atim-I {]Imin- n- p. IYm-Imcn hn.-si. `ma ]Xn v G p-hm-ßn. I-Ym-N -bn ]s -Sp-ØpsIm v s{]m^. _mep ]pfn-s\- n, si.-]n.si. Ip n, si.-si. ] -»-\, s\sp-a w {io[-c, sf. alo-μ, tncmaw-kew NmapÆn, hnp-b skm _ F n-h hmb-\m-\p-`hw ]- n- p. F.-Fw. \qte-enbpw hn.-kn. Ab-eqcpw adp-]sn {]kwkw \S-Øn. Nne-t\-c-ß-fn NneXv Pohn-X-Øns hk- -`w-kn-isf IS-]p-g- n-sb-dn-bp {]N-fi-amb Ime-{]-hm-l-Øn AXn-Po-h-\- Øns a{ -amwv Ihn-X-sb- pw, Nne-t mƒ AXv ad- p-sh hm ns\ txsn-bp Xo -bm-{xbpw, s]ømsx t]mb Ima-cq-]n-bmb Hcp tal-øns Hm Ω-bp-amsW pw IYm-IrØv sshim-j ]d- p. Ab\w kmwkvim-cn-i-th-znbpss B`n-ap-Jy-Øn {]k Ip -\msv hni-k-\-k-anxn lmfn \S NS-ßn cma- cn cm[m-ir-jvws aln-f-iƒ ae-bmf kmln-xy-øn F IrXn tum. Aº-e- pg tkm]-ip-am tum. kn.-]n. eoebv v \evin {]Im-in- n- p- p. ssi\-icn jmpn, dh. ^m. txmakv ]oen-bm-\n-, {KŸ-Imc F n-h kao-]w. -Kp-cp{io FIvk-e kv Ahm Uv ]n.-hn. KwKm-[-c\v kmln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp- º-Shw {io[-c kωm-\n- p- p. tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, kzman Ahy-bm-\- μ, si.-hn. cma-n-{μ XpS-ßn-b-h-tcbpw ImWmw. Bcy cnn Nne t\c-ß-fn NneXv F Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw kmlnxy A m-zan Nß-ºpg lmfn tum. Fw.-]n. ]c-ta-iz-c\v \ In-sIm v {]-Imi\w \n Δ-ln v kw-km-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. {Ko _pivkv Fw.-Un. IrjvW-Zmkv A y- Xhln NS-ßn tum. tzi-aw-kew cma-ir-jvw, ]n. _me- N-{μ, si.-hn. t n, tum. tdmkn Xºn, tcmjv\n kz]v\, {]k Bcy, hntpjv F-S- p- n, Fw.-hn. tpmkv F n-h kwkm-cn- p. IYm-cwKw Ahm Un\v IrXn-Iƒ Wn p 2013 se IYm-cwKw t\mh Ahm Un\v IrXn-Iƒ Wn- p. 2010\pw 2012\pw CS-bn H mw ]Xn- mbn {]kn- o-i-cn IrXn-bmWv Ahm Un\p ]cn-k-wn- p-i. 10,001 cq]bpw inev]-hp-amwv Ahm Uv. Ir-Xn-bpsS \mep tim n-iƒ P\.-sk- {I- -dn, IYm-cw-Kw, 330, Bdmw t{im v, _rμm-_ se Hu v, sj nl- n, Pme-l n shãv, _mw q F hnem-k-øn 2013 sabv 20 \p apsº In n-bn-cn- -Ww BKk n\p _mw q-cn h v Ahm Uv \ Ip- -Xm-Wv. tam_ kn m ^ut -j Imhy-]p-c-kvImcw kn m ^ut -j G s - Sp-Ønb {]Ya Imhy-]p-c-kvImcw ]fl{io a[p-hn \n pw hn.-pn. Xºn G p-hm-ßn. s{]m^. kn. cm[m-irjvw A[y- X hln- p. ]pckvim-c-øn-\ l-amb "\ ' F Imhy-k-am-lm-csØ kn.-hn. hnp-b- Ip-am ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn. kn m ^ut -j sk{i- dn bp. kptc-jv, -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w m\-]otw ]pc-kvimcw dmhpcn `c-zzm-pbv v sxepkp kmln-xy-ønse hnjymx Fgp-Øp-Im-c dmhpcn `c- ZzmP (86) 2012- se m\-]otw ]pckvim-c-øn\v A l-\m-bn.$

21 k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w m\-]otw ]pc-kvimcw dmhpcn `c-zzm-pbv v sxepkp kmln-xy-ønse hnjymx Fgp-Øp-Im-c dmhpcn `c- ZzmP (86) se m\-]otw ]pckvim-c-øn\v A l-\m-bn. t\mh-en- Ãv, sndp-i-ym-ir-øv, \msi cn-bn- Xmhv, P\-{]nb imkv{x kmln-xy-imc F o \ne-i-fn \ Inb kw`m-h-\-iƒ ]cn-k-wn- mwv ]pckvim-cw. {]ikvx IrXn-bmb ]mipup dmfp AS w 17 t\mh-ep- I-fp-sSbpw 37 sndp-i-ym-k-am-lm-c-ßfp-ssbpw I Øm-hm-Wv. F mw- mkv hnzym-`ymkw am{x-ap `c-zzm-p-bpss IrXn-Iƒ k h-i-em-ime Xe-Øn ]mt-]p-kvx-i-ß-fm-wv. Ah-sb- pdn v \nc-h[n Kth-j-W-ßƒ \S- p- Ibpw snøp- p. kmaq-lym-h-t_m-[hpw am\p-jn-i- Xbpw {]I-S-am- p- -h-bmwv `c-zzm-pbpss IrXn-I-sf v Ihn koxm-im v alm-]-{x-bpss t\xr-xz-øn-ep ]pckvimc \n Wb kanxn hne-bn-cp- Øn. kmlnxy A m-zan ]pc-kvimcw, tkmhn-b v em Uv ]pc-kvim-cw, sxep v A m-zan ]pc-kvim-cw, PUvPnMv IΩn n AwKw Fkv. kpohvip-am F n-h kwkm-cn- p. kmln-xy-sk-an-\m I-Ym-cwKw N m-th-zn-bpss {]Xn-amk N m-]-cn-]msn kmln-xy- Im-cn si. IhnX DZvLm-S\w sn-bvxp. tiw ]n.-b.-un. \ºym-cpsS A y- -X-bn tn tbmk- Øn Fw. apip-μs ""U ln KmY-Iƒ'' F t\mh-en-s\- p-dn v Sn.-sI. cho-{μ apjy-{]-`m-jww \S- Øn. Poh si. cmpv, cmpohv Fw., Fkv.-hn. {]nb, at\mpv hn. F n-h N -bn ]s -Sp-Øp. {KŸ- pc {lkz-i-ym- I-hnXm a cw 2013 G{]n _me-km-lnxy ]cn-jøv ]pckvimcw F nh e`n- n- p- v. \mkm Pp\ k h-i-em-ime tumivstd v \ In BZ-cn- p. kzmxn-xn-cp-\mƒ ]pc-kvimcw Z n-wm-aq Øn v kwkox cwksø ka{k kw`mh-\-bv p ticf k m-cns kzmxn-xn-cp-\mƒ ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v {]apj kwko-x- hn. Z n-wmaq Øn A l\m-bn. Hcp e w cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw AS-ßp- - XmWv Ahm Uv. IS-Ω\n Ihn-Xm-]p-c-kvIm-chpw ]n.-si.-hn. ]pc-kvim-chpw kpk-x-ip-am-cn v Pn m sse{_dn Iu kn G s -Sp-Ønb se IS-Ωn kvamci Ihn-Xm-]p-c-kvIm-c-Øn\v kpk- X-Ip-am-cnsb Xnc-s -Sp-Øp. 10,001 cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw inev]hpw AS-ßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvim-cw. InS-ßq ]n.-si.-hn. sk -dns ]n.-si.-hn. ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v kpk-x- Ip-amcn A l-bm-bn cq]bpw {KŸ- pc amkn-i-bpss c mw hm jn-i-tøm-s-\p-_- n v `mh-\m- _p-ivkp-ambn kl-i-cn v kwl-sn- n- p IYm- -I-hnXm a -c-ønte v cn-\-iƒ Wn- p- p. {]mb-]-cn[n C. IhnX 16 hcnbnepw IY 500 hm nepw Ihn-b-cp- Xv. Hmtcm hn`m-k-ønepw H mw ÿm\øv FØp- cn-\bv v 3000 cq] apj-hne hcp- ]pkvx-i-ßƒ kωm-\-ambn \ - Ipw. IqSmsX sxm - -SpØ ]Øp-hoXw ÿm\-ßƒ v 300 cq] hoxw hne-hcp ]pkvx-i-ßƒ t{]m m-l-\-k-ωm- \-hp-ap- v. ani cn-\-iƒ {KŸ- pc hm -jn-i- -Xn- nepw XpS e -ß-fn-epambn {]kn- o-i-cn- pw. cn-\-iƒ, \qte-en-am-ã, {KŸ- pc amkn-i, Ahm Up-Iƒ _lp-a-xn-iƒ {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-i-hp-amwv ]pckvim-cw. s{]m^. si. Ac-hn-μm-, h\n-xm-i-ωo-j AwKw tum. sp. {]ao-fm-tz-hn, AUz. Pb-i-, AUz. ]n.-si. Nn{X-`m\p F n-h AwK-ß-fmb IΩn- n-bmwv ]pckvimcw \n W-bn- -Xv. Im -\m-s ]pc-kvimcw Fw. apip-μ\v Xmeq v sse{_dn Iu kn G s -Sp-Ønb se Im -\m-s ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v Fw. apip-μ A l-\m-bn. kmln-xy-cw-ksø kw`m-h\ IW- n-se-sp-ømwv ]pckvim-cw. 10,000 cq]bpw inev]hpw {]i-kvxn-]-{x-hp-a-s-ßp XmWv ]pckvim-cw. \Sp-h w tkm]m-e-ir-jvw\v Fan-c- vkv s^tem-jn]v "{ZmhnU ]Z-hyp ]Øn \nl- phpw ae-bm-fhpw' F hnj-b- Øn Kth-jWw \S-Øp- -Xn-\mbn tum. \Sp-h w tkm]m-e-ir-jvw\v bq\n-th-gvkn n {Km vkv IΩo-j Fan-c- vkv s^tem-jn]v A\p-h-Zn- p. ae-bmfw mkniv `mjm-hn-zkv[ C/o. `mh\m _piv-kv, Imh-t»cn , t^m : F hnem-k-øn sabv 25- -\Iw e`n- ncn- -Ww. ctajv tkm]m-e-ir-jvws I Æm-S-I-kw-Ko-X-Im-c- m F {KŸw si.-]n. DZ-b-`m\p Xncp-h-\- -]pcw {io kzmxn-xn-cp-\mƒ kwkoxtimtfpv {]n kn- h\p i -dn\v \evin {]Im-in- n- p- p. 21

22 kanxn I ho-\-dmb \Sp-h w tkm]m-e-ir-jvw \nc-h[n KthjW {]_- -ß-fpsS I Ømhpw C \m-j-\ kviqƒ Hm^v {Zho-Unb enwkzn-ãnivkv `c-w-k-an-xn-bw- Khpw ae-bmfw k h-i-em-ime D]- tz-i-i-k-anxn AwK-hp-am-Wv. efn-x-iem A m-zan ]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ ticf efnx Iem A m-z-anbpss Cu h jsø ]pc-kvim-cßƒ {]Jym-]n- p. Nn{X- -inev] hn`m- K-ß-fn A v t] v kwÿm\ ]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ e`n- p. 15,000 cq]bpw _lp-axn ]{Xhpw AS-ßnb-XmWv ]pc-kvim-cw. ]me msv kztzin APnXv si.-f. bpss "Zn emu _nsskuv' F Nn{X- Øn\pw {]Zo-]vIp-am \ne-ºq-cns "am]v Hm^v B Aknew' F Nn{X- Øn\pw cmp ]n.-f-kns "io j- I-an ' F inev]-øn\pw jnt\mpv tnmcs "tu {Uoa {^w Zn Ip pw- _ kn n' F Nn{X-Øn\pw hn]n.si.-\m-b-cpss "ssa Uv Hm^v {Sokv' F Nn{X-Øn-\p-amWv kwÿm\ ]pc-kvimcw e`n- -Xv. HmW-d-_nƒ sa j ]pckvimcw e`n- h: A`n-emjv DÆnbpsS "A S -_nƒ hnivsnwkv' F inev]w, Bi \μs "lnã-dn- -ZvtIm-Wn- nƒ' F Nn{Xw, _ntpmbv the- m- ns "io j-ian ' F {Km^nIv {]n v, crvpnxv sf.-]n. bpss "t\m hb-e kv' F inev]w, kqcp si.-f-kns "tlm v' F Nn{Xw. 5,000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn ]{Xhpw AS-ßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvim-cw. Iem-hn-Zym Yn-Iƒ p {]txyi ]pc-kvimcw A v t] v e`n- p. 3,000 cq]bpw _lp-axn ]{Xhpw AS-ßn-b-XmWv ]pc-kvimcw. AwPpw dnkv-hn-bpss (tim-tfpv Hm^v ss^ B Svkv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw) "suøv C CuZv tu' F Nn{Xw, A\p-]a Geym-kns (B.- F.hn. timfpv Hm^v ayqkniv B Uv ss^ B Svkv, Xr q-wn- Øp-d) "io j-i-an ' F Nn{Xw, ]m hxn.f-kv.-\m-b-cpss (tim-fpv Hm^v ss^ B Svkv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw) "sh n \ng-ep-iƒ' F Nn{Xw, kp\ojv Fkv.-F-kns (K-h. timfpv Hm^v ss^ B Svkv, 22 Xriq ) "Fs {]IrXn' F Nn{Xw, B kpcm-pns (tim-fpv Hm^v ss^ B Svkv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw) "dn -b sa v' F inev]w F n-h- mwv e`n- -Xv. ani `q`mk/ombm-nn{x hn`m-k- Øn hn. i -c-ta-t\m F tumhvsa v kz W-sa-U e`n- Xv tpm Sn.-F. cnn "Im\mbn Ip n-cm-as Ombm-Nn{X'amWv. IqSmsX ani {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-Nn-{X-Øn- \p hnp-b-cm-l-h F tumhvsa v kz W-sa-U Znhm-I-c tima- q-cns "ssa hnt Pv' F Iem-kr-jvSn pw e`n- p. Nn{X- -inev] hn`m-k-øn si. e va KuU, cho-μ sduvvn, ctajv hmz _Sve F n-h hn[n- I Øm- -fm-bn-cp- p. bp.-si. Ipam-c\v ssh w N{μ-ti-J-c \m-b ]pc-kvimcw ssh w N{μ-ti-J-c \m-b-cpss kvac-wm Yw bph-i-em-km-ln- Xnbpw bp.-f.-c., jm P LS-Ihpw G s -Sp-Ønb kmlnxy ]pc-kvimc-øn\v bp.-si. Ipam-c A l-\mbn. F.-]n. Ip m-ap, Ac-hn-μ si.- F-kv. awk-ew, kmwpn Sn.hn]pcw F n-h-c-s-ßnb IΩn- n-bmwv ]pckvim-c-\n Wbw cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw inev]hpw AS-ßp- -XmWv Ahm Uv. si. Pb-Ip-am-dn\v ]pc-kvimcw Cu h jsø Xncp-h w F. ANyp-X \m-b ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v si. Pb-Ip-am A l-\m-bn cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw Im q \mcm-b-w-]n cq]-i-ev]\ snbvx inev]-hp-amwv ]pc-kvim-cw. tum. kn.-]n. {ioi-wvt \m-b, tum.fw.-b. Xºm, Pn. tijc \m-b, s{]m^. si. tp _v amxyp, Fw. Cuiz-cn-bΩ F n-h AwK-ß-fm-bp kan-xn-bmwv ]pckvimcw \n W-bn- -Xv. Sn.-]n. cmpo-h\v tdm v s^ ^ut -j s^tem-jn]v Ihnbpw t\mh-en-ãp-amb Sn.-]n. cmpo-h\v tdm v s^ ^ut js s_ m v dkn-u kn s^temjn-]v. "si.-sn.-f tim q : FgpØpw Pohn-Xhpw' F IrXn-bpsS Cw ojv hnh Ø-\-Øn-\m-Wn-Xv. "hn tumkv B Uv antd kv: sse^v B Uv h Ivkv Hm^v si.-sn.-f tim q ' F t]cn hnh Ø\w snøp IrXn ]q Øn-bm- m C - en-bnse _ m- n bm{x, Xma-kku-I-cy-ß-tfm-sS-bmWv s^tem-jn- ]v. semh bq\n-th-gvkn n C \m-j- \ ssd nmv s^tem-jn-]v, \yqtbm v Bÿm-\-amb seunmv lukv ssd C dkn-u dvkv s^tem-jn]v F n-h pw cmpo-h A l-\m-bn- p- v. cmpo-h kmwkvim-cni hip pa{ n-bpss AUoj-\ ss{]h v sk{i- -dn-bm-wv. aø-\m v F. tpm kvamci ]pc-kvimcw hn.-pn. Xºn v ae-bmfkmln-xy-øn hy nap{z ]Xn- n ItØm-en m kmln- Xy-Im-c- m v sim w cq]x ImØenIv sh s^-b Atkm-kn-tbj \ Ip AJne ticf aø- \m v F.-tPm kvamci kmlnxy ]pc-kvimcøn\v hn.-pn. Xºn- A l- \m-bn. 10,001 cq]bpw inev]-hp-a-s-ßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvim-cw. Bim ss{]kv kmw_-in-h apøm-\bv v Imbn- c Bim satωm-dnb Atkm-kn-tb-j G s -Sp- Øp Bim ss{]kv Ihn kmw_- in-h apøm-\bv v ac-wm-\- c _lp-a-xn-bmbn \ Ip-w. 50,000 cq]- bmwv ]pc-kvim-cw. Ago-t msv ]pc-kvimcw Sn.-sP.Fkv. tpm Pn\v {]Ya kpip-am Ago-t msv ]pckvim-c-øn\v Sn.-sP.-F-kv. tpm Pv A l-\m-bn. hnhn[ cwk-ß-fn kmaq-lni {]Xn- m_- -X-tbmsS {]h Øn- p- -hsc BZ-cn- m kpip-am Ago-t msv {SÃv G s - Sp-Øn-b-XmWv Ahm Uv. Hcp-e w cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw AS-ßp- - XmWv Ahm Uv. XIgn ]pc-kvimcw dlv-am InS-ß-b-Øn\v kmwkvim-cni hip- n\v Iognse XIgn kvamci kanxn G s -Sp- Ønb {]Ya XIgn sndp-iym]pckvim-c-øn\v dlv-am InS-ßbw -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$- A l-\m-bn. "IpXn-c-bpsS cq]iw AYhm Hcp shdpw ss] n-fn- Y' F -I-Y- mwv 10,000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-ihpw AS-ßp ]pc-kvim-cw.ae-bmf k h-i-em-ime sshkv Nm k-e si. Pb-Ip-am, Fw-.Un. cxv\ω. Fkv.$ $ka{k kw`m-h-\- bv mwv CØ-h-WsØ Ahm Uv. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-sØm v cq]bpw {]ikvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-i-hp-amwv Ahm Uv. tum. _m_p sndn-bm, ]n.-b. lcn-em, Im q-wnãv {]k- B\n- msv F n-h-cmwv ]pc-kvimcw \n Æ-bn- -Xv. hn.$ ${iotzhn F tum-hvsa v ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v exm-e- van-bpss "knen- v' F IYm-k-am-lmcw A l-am-bn. 2010, 11, 12 h j-ß-fn {]kn- o-i-cn kmlnxy IrXn-I-fmWv Ahm Un\v ]cn-k-wn- -Xv.$

23 - A l-\m-bn. "IpXn-c-bpsS cq]iw AYhm Hcp shdpw ss] n-fn- Y' F -I-Y- mwv 10,000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-ihpw AS-ßp ]pc-kvim-cw.ae-bmf k h-i-em-ime sshkv Nm k-e si. Pb-Ip-am, Fw-.Un. cxv\ω. Fkv. Dj F n-hc-s-ßnb PUvPnMv IΩn- n-bmwv sndp-iy sxc-s -Sp-Ø-Xv. _jo ]pc-kvimcw Infn-cq cm[m-ir-jvw\v tum _pivkv G s -Sp-Ønb {]Ya _jo kmlnxy ]pc-kvim-c- Øn\v Infn-cq cm[m-ir-jvws\ sxcs -Sp-Øp. ka{k kw`m-h-\- bv mwv CØ-h-WsØ Ahm Uv. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-sØm v cq]bpw {]ikvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-i-hp-amwv Ahm Uv. tum. _m_p sndn-bm, ]n.-b. lcn-em, Im q-wnãv {]k- B\n- msv F n-h-cmwv ]pc-kvimcw \n Æ-bn- -Xv. hn.-sn. kvamci ]pc-kvimcw exm-e- van v A -amen hn.-sn. kvamci 2013 G{]n Ncaw dpxv{]m-h P_v-hm-e v H m k v I Ahm Upw _p ]pc-kvim-chpw e`n {]ikvx Xnc- -Ym- {SÃns se kn.-hn. {iotzhn F tum-hvsa v ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v exm-e- van-bpss "knen- v' F IYm-k-am-lmcw A l-am-bn. 2010, 11, 12 h j-ß-fn {]kn- o-i-cn kmlnxy IrXn-I-fmWv Ahm Un\v ]cn-k-wn- -Xv cq]bpw inev]hpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw AS-ßp- -XmWv Ahm Uv. Hcpa ]pc-kvimcw Fw.-sI. lcn-ip-am-dn\v 10- -m-axv Hcpa ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v Fw.-sI. lcn-ip-am A l-\m-bn. Fw.-sI. lcn-ip-am-dns "kmln-xy- Øns \hm-sszzxw' F IrXn- mwv ]pc-kvim-cw cq]bpw inev]hpw {]ikvxn ]{X-hp-a-S-ßp- - IrØpw Fgp-Øp-Im-cnbp-amb dpxv{]m-h P_v hme (85) G{]n 4 \v \yqtbm nse am lm-s-\n A -cn- p. 22 kn\n-a-iƒ v Xnc- -Y-sb-gp- Xn-bn- p- v. dpxv{]m-h-dns "lo v B Uv UÃv' F cn-\ v am _p Ahm Uv e`n- p. "Sp lpw jn hn ', "AarX', "Zn \mnz Hm^v ^mj ', "FUva v C C y' F n-h-bmwv a p {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ t]mf- n \n v IpSn-tbdnb PqX IpSpw-_-Øn P a-\nbn P\n dqxv{]m-h AtUmƒ^v ln ve-dpss hwio-b-lxy ImeØv {_n -\n-se-øp-i-bm-bn-cp- p apx Gsd- mew Z lnbn-emwv Xma-kn- n-cp- -Xv. _ocm Ip n Ihnbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-amb Iqcn- pgn Rmd- m- n _ocm - Ip n (69) G{]n 8 \v Ibv]-aw-KeØv A -cn- p. ]gbime Km\-c-Nbn-Xm-hmb Ct±lw A n-tkm-]p-cw, A`-bm n, Ban-\- p n F o \ms- I-ßƒ mbn {it -b-amb Km\- ßƒ Fgp-Xn-bn- p- v. hncn-bp ]q ƒ, XI {]Xo- -Iƒ, aebmfn F o IhnXm kam-lm-c-ßfpw cnn- n- p- v. Fw. cma \ºq-Xncn {]apj Ncn-{X-Imc\pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\pamb Fw. cma \ºq- Xncn (86) G{]n 9 \v Xr q-wn-øp-d-bn A -cn- p. sim n cmpy- N-cn-{X-Øn XnI ]fin-x-\m-bncp Ct±lw Ncn{X Kth-j-W-ßfmepw {it -b-\m-bn-cp- p. a m-t cn ]me-kn-s\- p-dn v Cw ojn {KŸ-sa-gp-Xn. sim n cmpy-n-cn-{x-sø- p-dn pw cmpm- - msc- p-dn pw Ct±lw Fgp-Xn-bn- p tej-\-ßƒ {it -b-am-bn-cp- p. Ht sd Ihn-X-Ifpw cnn- n- p- v. si.-b. \mcm-b-w \mb Ihnbpw A -ct«m-im-nm-cy\pw A[ym- ]-I-\p-amb ao\sw Iqh- -d-ºn si.-b \mcmb-w \mb (80) G{]n 18- \v tim bw aoºøv A -cn- p. `mjm-am-[p-cn, Ihn-Xm-arXw F o IrXn-Iƒ cnn- n- p- v. si.-]n. cma \mb kmln-xy-im-c\pw A -c-t«m-im-nm-cy-\pambncp Ce- nta IÆ-º- n AΩ ho n si.-]n. cma \m-b (78) G{]n 22\v am mdn A -cn- p. kvt\l-zpx-jw, kvt\l-xo Yw, D]-\ymk amen-i, A- -c-t«m-ihpw Imhy-tI-fnbpw ]T\w, lntxm-]-tz-ißƒ F n-h-bmwv {][m\ Ir-Xn- Iƒ. XmWv Hcpa ]pc-kvim-cw. {]^. txmakv amxyp-hn\pw si.-si. kz]v\ pw klr-z-b-thzn Ahm Uv kmln-xy- -kmw-kvim-cni kwl-s- \-bmb klr-z-b-th-zn-bpss s{]m^. kn.-f. B Wn P -i-xm_vzn Ahm Un\v {]^. Fw. txmakv amxyp A l-\m-bn. `mjm-imkv{x \ncq-]-w-ta-j-e-bnse ka-{k-kw-`m-h- \ v 10,000 cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-ihpw AS-ßp- -XmWv Ahm- Uv. bph-i-hnx Ahm Un-\v si.-si. kz]v\-bpss "ag-cm-hp-iƒ' F IrXn A l-am-bn. 5,000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-i-hp-a-s-ßp- -XmWv Cu Ahm Uv. {KŸ-I Øm- -fp-ssbpw {]km-[-i-cp-ssbpw {i bv v kmlnxy A m-z-an-bpss B\p-Im-enI {]kn- o-i-c-w-ß-fn {KŸmh-tem-I-\-Øn-\-b-bv p {KŸ-ßƒ c p tim n-iƒ hoxw Abbvt - -Xm-Wv. ""{KŸm-h-tem-I-\-Øn\v '' F v {]txyiw tcj-s -Sp- Øn-bn-cn- -Ww. FUn- 23

$k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w ]pkvx-i -]-cn-nbw Ncn-{X-Imcs tic-f-z i\w Fw.-Pn.-Fkv. \m-cm-b-w Ncn-{X-]-T-\-Øns ]pxp-h-gn-iƒ Is -Øp-I-bmWv Fw.-Pn.Fkv. \mcm-w.$ $Ø-\-ßƒ Du n-x-s -Sp-Øp-hm\pw DX-Ip hn[-øn Hcp Ncn-{X-]-T\w \ho-\-co-xn-bn hni-kn- n-s Sp- p- -Xn-\p am K-\n t±-i-i-am-ip-i-bmwv Cu {KŸw.$ hnjm-z-]m-t-ß-fn-eqss Cu IY- Iƒ Adn-bn- p- Xv Pohn-X-k-a-c-ßfpsS Xo -vw-x-bmsw v Ah-Xmcn-I-bn C.-]n. cmp-tkm-]m-e A`n- {]m-b-s -Sp- p. ]mcm-bw a-amwv IY-Iƒ.

hnjm-z-]m-t-ß-fn-eqss Cu IY- Iƒ Adn-bn- p- Xv Pohn-X-k-a-c-ßfpsS Xo -vw-x-bmsw v Ah-Xmcn-I-bn C.-]n. cmp-tkm-]m-e A`n- {]m-b-s -Sp- p. ]mcm-bw a-amwv IY-Iƒ.

$00 \Sphw IrXn-Iƒ : \Sp-h-Ø-, al \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS kºq Æ IrXn-Iƒ ae-bmf Imhy-N-cn-{X-Ønse kvac-wob t]cp-i-fmwv \Sp-h-Ø- \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw \Sp-hØv al$ $eoem-h-xn-bpss Ah-Xm-cn-Ibpw hnjvwp-\m-cm-b- W \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS ap Ip-dn pw {KŸ-Øn-te- p {]th-in-i-bmwv. {]km : C hn-j aounb Xriq t]pv : 443 hne : 750.$ $hnj-b-ß-fnse kq va-amb \nco- -W-ßƒ Ihn-X-I-fpsS khnti-j-x-bm-wv. tum. kpip-am Agot m-sv, efnx se\n, sk_m-ãy F n-h-cpss Ipdn- p-iƒ Cu {KŸ-Øns {]th-i-i-ßfm-wv.$ ${]nb-z i\ 1900 apx ae-bm-f-øn {]Nm-c- Øn-ep- m-bn-cp- Xpw Ct mƒ \ne-hnen- m-ø-xp-amb amkn-i-i-sf- p-dn- p hnh-c-ßƒ AS-ßnb {KŸw.$ $00 P\-{]n-b-kw-KoXw ctajv tkm]m-e-ir-jvw ae-bmf k\n-a-bn \nd- p- \n Kmbn-Im-Km-b-I am-cp-ssbpw kwko-x-kw-hn-[m-b-i-cp-ssbpw ssieo-t`-z-ß-sf- -pdn- p ]T-\w.$

24 k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w ]pkvx-i -]-cn-nbw Ncn-{X-Imcs tic-f-z i\w Fw.-Pn.-Fkv. \m-cm-b-w Ncn-{X-]-T-\-Øns ]pxp-h-gn-iƒ Is -Øp-I-bmWv Fw.-Pn.Fkv. \mcm-w. P\m-[n-]-Xy-h -c-w-{]-{inbsb Xzcn-X-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\pw hnik-\-{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ pw ]cn-ÿn-xnkw-c- -W-Øn\pw klm-b-i-am- Im\pw ax-ssa{xn Dd- n- p-hm\pw Iem-kmw-kvIm-cnI {]h Ø-\-ßƒ Du n-x-s -Sp-Øp-hm\pw DX-Ip hn[-øn Hcp Ncn-{X-]-T\w \ho-\-co-xn-bn hni-kn- n-s Sp- p- -Xn-\p am K-\n t±-i-i-am-ip-i-bmwv Cu {KŸw. {]km : {]nb-z in\n ]ªn-t -j kv, Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw. t]pv :173 hne : szmõ-a-s\-bnse hnti-j-ßƒ F.-F-kv. apl-ωzv Ip n ]Xn-\ v IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw. hnjm-z-]m-t-ß-fn-eqss Cu IY- Iƒ Adn-bn- p- Xv Pohn-X-k-a-c-ßfpsS Xo -vw-x-bmsw v Ah-Xmcn-I-bn C.-]n. cmp-tkm-]m-e A`n- {]m-b-s -Sp- p. ]mcm-bw a-amwv IY-Iƒ. {]km: kmln-xy-{]-h Ø-I-k-l-I-c-W-kw-Lw, tim bw t]pv : 84 hne : \Sphw IrXn-Iƒ : \Sp-h-Ø-, al \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS kºq Æ IrXn-Iƒ ae-bmf Imhy-N-cn-{X-Ønse kvac-wob t]cp-i-fmwv \Sp-h-Ø- \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw \Sp-hØv al \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw. [\yamb Imhy-Po-hn-Øn-\p- S-a-I-fmb Cu c p-t]cpw ae-bmf Imhy-{]-ÿm-\- Øns Aa-c- m-cmbn A-S-bm-f-s -Sp-Ø-s - p. tum. Fw. eoem-h-xn-bpss Ah-Xm-cn-Ibpw hnjvwp-\m-cm-b- W \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS ap Ip-dn pw {KŸ-Øn-te- p {]th-in-i-bmwv. {]km : C hn-j aounb Xriq t]pv : 443 hne : ]d-bm _m- n-sh- Xv tdmkn Xºn ap Xp Ihn-X-I-fpsS kam-lm-cw. `mh-km-{μhpw inev]-`-{z-hp-amb Ihn- X-Iƒ. hnj-b-ß-fnse kq va-amb \nco- -W-ßƒ Ihn-X-I-fpsS khnti-j-x-bm-wv. tum. kpip-am Agot m-sv, efnx se\n, sk_m-ãy F n-h-cpss Ipdn- p-iƒ Cu {KŸ-Øns {]th-i-i-ßfm-wv. {]km : ]mw ]ªn-t -j kv, sim w t]pv : 96 hne : a a-d ae-bm-f-am-kn-i-iƒ Pn. {]nb-z i\ 1900 apx ae-bm-f-øn {]Nm-c- Øn-ep- m-bn-cp- Xpw Ct mƒ \ne-hnen- m-ø-xp-amb amkn-i-i-sf- p-dn- p hnh-c-ßƒ AS-ßnb {KŸw. F m-e-søbpw ani Hcp d^d kv ]pkvx-i-am-wn-xv. {]km: kmln-xy-{]-h ØI kl-i-c-w-kw-lw, tim- bw t]pv : 195 hne : P\-{]n-b-kw-KoXw ctajv tkm]m-e-ir-jvw ae-bmf k\n-a-bn \nd- p- \n Kmbn-Im-Km-b-I am-cp-ssbpw kwko-x-kw-hn-[m-b-i-cp-ssbpw ssieo-t`-z-ß-sf- -pdn- p ]T-\w. kwko-x- m-\hpw kmaq-ln-i-[m-c-w- Ifpw k n-th-in- n p tej-\-ßfm-wn-h. \ΩpsS kmwkvim-cni Pohn- Øn sshhn-[y-am A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn- p-an-xv. {]km : Un.-kn. _pivkv, tim bw t]pv : 207 hne : a p-xc Iem-afiew \mcm-b-w \mb Iem-cw-KØv Bfl-k-a -WtØmsS X n-e n- -s ZuXyw \n Δ-ln vhcp al-xvhy- n-bpss A\p-`-h- p-dn- p-i-fmwv "a p-xc.' IY-Ifn a±f Iem-Im-c-\mb \mcm-b- W \mb-cpss A\p-`-h-tem-Iw ticfob Ie-I-fp-sSbpw hnt\m-z-ß-fpssbpw IjvS- m-sp-i-fp-ssbpw hnti-j-ßƒ Dƒs - -Xm- Wv. s{]m^. si.-]n. i - -c-s bpw Icq iin-bp-ssbpw apj- p-dn- p-iƒ {KŸ-Øn\v angn-th-ip- p. {]km : s\bvãv _pivkv, timgn-t msv t]pv : 200 hne : km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$ASp-Ø-dn-bm bm{x ate-jy-bn AUz. Fw. bq\kv Ip v {]Ir-Xn-c-a-Wo-b-amb cmpy-ßfn {][m-\-ÿm-\-ap ate-jybnse bm{xm-\p-`-hw.$ ${][m-\-s ÿe-ß-fp-ssbpw ` -W-hn-`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw Nn{X-ßƒ hnh-c-w-ßƒ Dƒs m- p-hm Gsd klm-bn- pw. {]km: {]`mxv _p v lukv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw t]pv :120 hne : 90.$ ${]km : kmln-xy-{]-h ØI kl-i-c-wkw-lw, tim bw t]pv : 111 hne: 80.00 \n»-_vz-\m-bn-cn- m Ah-Im-i-ap v hn.-pn.$ $Hcp k m-fli Fgp-Øp-Im-c h Ø-am-\-Im-e-hn-j-b-ß-tfm-Sp Xs \ne-]m-sp-iƒ hy -am- piiqsn-bm-wnhnss.$ $00 sim -h j-ønse amk-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Icm v {]`m-i-c \m -dnhv F ]T-\-hn-`m-K-Øn-te- p kw`m-h-\-bmwv Cu {KŸw.$ $BNm-c-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw BtLmj-ß-fp-ambn \nc-h[n hnti-j-ßƒ A-dn-bm Cu IrXn klm-bn- pw. {]km : F v&kn., Xriq t]pv : 232 hne : 150.00 2013 G{]n aμm-in-\n-bpss Km\w Fw.$ $BNmcm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw a{ -X-{ m-zn-ifpw \nd- p-\n-ev p \m p-]-cn-k-c-ønemwv CXnse kw`-h-hn-im-k-ßƒ Ac-tß-dp- -Xv. efn-x-kp-μ-c-amb BJym-\w.$ $hne : 125-cq-], t]pv : 168 A- {ioi-wvt Icn- Iw- HSp-ßmØ Aim- n-bpss hnprw-`n-x-amb `mhm-hn-jvim-c-ßsf Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-cs Bfl-kw-L jß-fn-eqss ]n Xp-S-cm {ianbv p t\mh.$

25 ASp-Ø-dn-bm bm{x ate-jy-bn AUz. Fw. bq\kv Ip v {]Ir-Xn-c-a-Wo-b-amb cmpy-ßfn {][m-\-ÿm-\-ap ate-jybnse bm{xm-\p-`-hw. Ahn-SpsØ Pohn-X-co-Xn-Ifpw kwkvim-chpw `qanim-kv{x-ssh-hn-[yhpw ASp-Ø-dn-bm Cu {KŸw D]-I-cn- pw. {][m-\-s ÿe-ß-fp-ssbpw ` -W-hn-`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw Nn{X-ßƒ hnh-c-w-ßƒ Dƒs m- p-hm Gsd klm-bn- pw. {]km: {]`mxv _p v lukv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw t]pv :120 hne : Ccp v ]ngn shfn- -Øn FUn- : bp.sn. t{]w-\myv Ihn sk_m-ãys Ihn-X-IfpsS ]T-\-amWv Cu {KŸw. ]e Ime-ß-fn h ]T-\-ßƒ. hyxykvx hmb-\-bp-ssbpw ImgvN-bpsSbpw AS-bm-f-am-Wn-Xv. {]km : kmln-xy-{]-h ØI kl-i-c-wkw-lw, tim bw t]pv : 111 hne: \n»-_vz-\m-bn-cn- m Ah-Im-i-ap v hn.-pn. Xºn kn\n-a, \m-s-iw, \røw, kmln- Xyw, am[y-a-hn-nm-cw, kv{xo, Hm Ωbmb hninjvs hy n-iƒ F nßs\ sshhn-[y-am hnj-b-ßƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn- p tej-\-k-am-lm-cw. Hcp k m-fli Fgp-Øp-Im-c h Ø-am-\-Im-e-hn-j-b-ß-tfm-Sp Xs \ne-]m-sp-iƒ hy -am- piiqsn-bm-wnhnss. BJym-\-Øn-s bpw Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-s bpw ]pxnb ImgvNbpw sshhn-[yam Xe-ßƒ txs-ep-am-wo-ir-xn. {]km : {Ko _pivkv, Xriq t]pv : 136 hne : sim -h j-ønse amk-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Icm v {]`m-i-c \m -dnhv F ]T-\-hn-`m-K-Øn-te- p kw`m-h-\-bmwv Cu {KŸw. Nnßw apx I n-siw hsc-bp sim -h j amk-ß-fnse hnti-j-znh-k-ßƒ hy -amb hnhc-w-tømss-bmwv Cu IrXnbn Dƒs -Sp- Øn-bn- p- -Xv. BNm-c-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw BtLmj-ß-fp-ambn \nc-h[n hnti-j-ßƒ A-dn-bm Cu IrXn klm-bn- pw. {]km : F v&kn., Xriq t]pv : 232 hne : G{]n aμm-in-\n-bpss Km\w Fw.-F-kv. Ipam t\mh. `mc-x- p-g-bpss XocØv \ pwn ao n Xpbn-ep-W Øp Pohn-X-ß-fpsS IY ]d-bp- p. BNmcm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw a{ -X-{ m-zn-ifpw \nd- p-\n-ev p \m p-]-cn-k-c-ønemwv CXnse kw`-h-hn-im-k-ßƒ Ac-tß-dp- -Xv. efn-x-kp-μ-c-amb BJym-\w. {]km: ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv. hne : 125-cq-], t]pv : 168 A- {ioi-wvt Icn- Iw- HSp-ßmØ Aim- n-bpss hnprw-`n-x-amb `mhm-hn-jvim-c-ßsf Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-cs Bfl-kw-L jß-fn-eqss ]n Xp-S-cm {ianbv p t\mh. Xo vw-amb Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-fp-tSbpw Xo{h-amb am\-kni kwl j-ß-fp-tsbpw `mh-kp-μ-c-amb Bhn-jvIm-cw CXn-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw. {]km: {Ko _pivkv, Xriq. hne : 90-cq-], t]pv : 119 s\lvdp, Cμn-c, cmpohv hn-\-ßƒ XSn-bq `mkn C y `cn {]K- -cmb aq p {][m-\-a-{ n-am-cpss {]kw-k-ßfn \n pw IrXn-I-fn \n pw kaml-cn Bi-b-ß-tfbpw {]kn D c-wn-i-tfbpw t{imuo-i-cn- n-cnbv p ]pkvx-iw. cmpy-øn-t bpw P\-ß-fp-tSbpw ]ptcm-k-xn, P\m-[n-]-Xyw, ]uc-t_m[w XpS-ßn-b-h-sb- p-dn-s ms Ch p- m-bn-cp ImgvN- m-sp-iƒ CXn Dƒs m- n- n- p- v. {]km: D ]ªn-t -j kv, \qd-\m-sv, hne : 110-cq-], t]pv : 130 am^nb Ac-hn-μ \m n ]p-d-tøm-sp \m`o-\m-f- _ w \ne-\n Øn-s m- p-xs ]Ibpw Ak-ln-jvWp-Xbpw a -c- _p- nbpw Ahy-h-ÿbpw AS-bmf-hm-Iy-ß-fm-Ip \mk-cni Pohn-XsØ- p-dn v hmnm-e-am-ip IY- Iƒ. At\I apjxzw F AwiamWv Xs G -hp-a-[niw BI jn- Xv F v Ah-Xmcn-I-bn s{]m^. si.-]n. i -c A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. {]km: F v B v kn. _pivkv, Xriq, hne : 80 -cq-], t]pv : 96 25

$CX- n-x-s kzmx{ yw ]n.-sf. i -c-\m-cm-b-w ka-im-eni C y Ah-ÿ-ItfmSv Xo{hhpw Hcp ]cn[n hsc ]cp- -\p-amb `mj-bn {]Xn-I-cn-bv p Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw.$ ${]km: \h-a-\-hn-im-k-ti-{μw, sim n, hne : 100-cq-], t]pv : 120 F{X ]d- n pw Xocm-ØXv IøpΩp Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-cw.$ ${]km: hnpn kvt]m tkuv _piv kviow, timgn-t msv hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 86 ]qhpw ]qºm- bpw hnivtsm-dnb Imkn-d-kv hnh: Pb inh-]pcw hmb-\-bn-eqss kzmx{ yw t\snb Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS$ $`mh-\mtemiw A\m-h-cWw snøp t\mh.$ $Hcp bph-xn-bmwv t\mhens ti{μw. {]km: Henhv, timgn-t msv, hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 90 hb-\m-s IY-Iƒ Ip n-iƒ v Sn.-kn.$ $amº-gw, sim n-cm-pm-hns aisf IeymWw Ign timgn, h n-bq-c-ω, Icn- - \pw kmbn- pw, ]g-»n-ø-ºp-cm XpSßn CXnse Hmtcm IYbpw hmsamgn ]mc-º-cy-øneqss ]I sfxn-ly- -ga ] p-sh-bv p- p.$ $Bgw \evip-ibpw AtXm-sSm w kvt\tlm-]m-k-i-\m-bncn-bv p-ibpw snbvx Ipam-c-\mims Pohn-X-sØbpw IrXn-Itfbpw hni-i-e\w snøp ]pkvx-iw.$ ${]km: amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv, hne : 55-cq-], t]pv : 78 m m ssa UmUn NmtØSw ssa nƒ lmky-øns tasºmsn tn Øv, bmym y-ß-tfmsv {]Xn-Icn-bv p IY-IfpsS kam-lm-cw.$

26 CX- n-x-s kzmx{ yw ]n.-sf. i -c-\m-cm-b-w ka-im-eni C y Ah-ÿ-ItfmSv Xo{hhpw Hcp ]cn[n hsc ]cp- -\p-amb `mj-bn {]Xn-I-cn-bv p Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw. Agn-a-Xn, A\o-Xn, AXn-{I-a-ßƒ, Bflm -X-bn- mbva XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms CXn hna i- \-hn-t[-b-am-ip- p. H w, ]pxnb Hcn- y-bv p-th- n-bp-, am\-hni aqey-ßƒ p-th- nbp Blzm-\-hpw. {]km: \h-a-\-hn-im-k-ti-{μw, sim n, hne : 100-cq-], t]pv : 120 F{X ]d- n pw Xocm-ØXv IøpΩp Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-cw. D w, h -t m-gpsam-cn-bv, ªm v B v ssh v, ]pxnb-xcw ]q ƒ, B Nμ-\-a-cw, aæm- - bpw Icn-bn-e-bpw, Dd-ßmØ a\- v, cxn-\n th-zw, Hm Ω-bpsS Nmcp-I-tkc XpSßn CXnse Hmtcm Ihn-Xbpw au\- Øns CSn-ap-g- -ßƒ Dƒs m- p- p. Ah-Xm-cnI ]n.-si. t]m. {]km: hnpn kvt]m tkuv _piv kviow, timgn-t msv hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 86 ]qhpw ]qºm- bpw hnivtsm-dnb Imkn-d-kv hnh: Pb inh-]pcw hmb-\-bn-eqss kzmx{ yw t\snb Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS `mh-\mtemiw A\m-h-cWw snøp t\mh. A\m-Y-Xz-Øns CSp-ßnb axn s - p-iƒ p- n \n pw Fgp-Øns temi-sø-øn-s -Sp- Ibpw, `n -`m-h-ß-fn-eqss ]pcp-j-i-_vz-øns B[n-Imcn-I-X-bv p-ta bym Y ssewkni kzmx-{ ysø {]Xn-jvTn-bv p-ibpw snbvx Hcp bph-xn-bmwv t\mhens ti{μw. {]km: Henhv, timgn-t msv, hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 90 hb-\m-s IY-Iƒ Ip n-iƒ v Sn.-kn. tpm hb-\m-sns Ncn-{Xhpw tamln- nbv p {]Ir-Xn-`w-Knbpw IuXp-I-Ic-amb sfxn-ly-ßfpw Hcp-an-bv p F p IY-I-fpsS kam-lm-cw. amº-gw, sim n-cm-pm-hns aisf IeymWw Ign timgn, h n-bq-c-ω, Icn- - \pw kmbn- pw, ]g-»n-ø-ºp-cm XpSßn CXnse Hmtcm IYbpw hmsamgn ]mc-º-cy-øneqss ]I sfxn-ly- -ga ] p-sh-bv p- p. {]km: Hen-hv, timgn-t msv, hne : 45-cq-], t]pv : almihn Ipam-c-\m-im ae-bøv A pæn Pohn-X-Øns k o Æ ka-ky- I-tfbpw [ Ω-k- -S-ß-tfbpw Bhn-jv -cn- p-sim v Ihn-Xbv v Zm i-\n-i-x-bpss Bgw \evip-ibpw AtXm-sSm w kvt\tlm-]m-k-i-\m-bncn-bv p-ibpw snbvx Ipam-c-\mims Pohn-X-sØbpw IrXn-Itfbpw hni-i-e\w snøp ]pkvx-iw. Ip n-iƒ v a\- n-em-ip hn[-øn efn-xhpw d^-d- kn\v D]-Im-cs -Sp hn[-øn ka-{k-hp-amwv {]Xn-]m-Z-\w. {]km: amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv, hne : 55-cq-], t]pv : 78 m m ssa UmUn NmtØSw ssa nƒ lmky-øns tasºmsn tn Øv, bmym y-ß-tfmsv {]Xn-Icn-bv p IY-IfpsS kam-lm-cw. m m ssa UmUn, lwn-aq, AºSn AJn-em-tfi-izco!, KpUv tamwnwkv Ubm-\, tkmt m, A m-x-kxyw XpSßn ]{ pcn-\-i-fmwv CXn-ep- -Xv. cmjv{so-b-hpw, hy n-po-hn-x-hp-sa mw cn-\-iƒ v {]ta-b-am-wv. {]km: BZn ]ªn-t -j kv, Xriq, hne : 40-cq-], t]pv : 67 Fs IÆm- -fn- qhv cm[m-awn ]c-ta-iz-c Ihn-X-Iƒ. Po Æn \mep-si- ns ku`m-ky-ß-fpw, simbvøp-ime-kvar-xn-i-fpw, _mey-im-em-\p-`-hßfpw \nd-bp Cu cn-\-iƒ, Pohn- X-Øns ]cn-nn-x-amb k m-]-ßfpw Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-ßfpw Xmtem-en-bv p- p. si. Pb-Ip-am-dns Ah-Xm-cn-I. {]km: ssk Cw{]n v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 96 Fh em-ãnßv ^vfh iin B\-μ-]pcw hyxy-kvx-amb ka-im-eni A\p- `-h-ßsf Is -SpØv kq va-ambn A]-{K-Yn-bv p-ibpw Pohn-X-Øns c - hpw Iq n-ap- n-bv m ]msp-s]- Sp- a\p-jys \n -lm-b-x-isf Nn{Xo-I-cn-bv p-ibpw snøp sndp-i-ym-k-am-lm-cw. Fh emãnwkv ^vfh, _ -h- v, ap -\m-sns Nncn, NncptXm\pw {]f-b-hpw, Icn-hf XpSßn ]Xn-\- p-i-y-i-fpss kam-lm-cw. Ah-Xm-cnI Atim-I Ncp-hn {]km: Xn ƒ _pivkv, Xriq, hne : 85-cq-], t]pv : 112 -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$lcn{ioipdn AtimIIY-Iƒ lcn{io Atim-I \ms-iw, anan-{in, kn\na XpSßn \nc-h[n taj-e-i-fn hy nap{z ]Xn- n lcn{io Atim-Is Pohn- Xm-\p-`-h-ßƒ.$ ${]km: Heo-hv, timgn-t msv, hne : 120-cq-], t]pv : 169 IS-em-a-I-fpsS \m n tum.$ $Nn{X-ß-fm- p Ah-X-c-Wssi-en. e -Zzo-]nse Ih-c-Øn, tkmh, tkm t m-, ssakq XpSßn \nc-h[n hyxykvx {]tz-i-ßƒ Cu ]pkvx-i-øn-eqss hmb-\- m v kp]-cn-nn-x-am-ip- p.$ $t±-iob ]pckv m-c-ßƒ t\sp-ibpw snbvx kn\n-a-bpss Xnc- -Y.$ ${]km: amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv, hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 86 s\øm- n Ic F.-]n. \mbcpw m\-{]-zm-bn-\nbpw tum. F.-Fw.$ $\mb-cp-tsbpw At±-l-Øns t\xr-xz-øn {]h Ø-\-am-cw-`n m\-{]-zm-bn\n {KŸ-im-e-bp-tSbpw Ncn-{Xw. tic-f-øns Hcp Ime-L- -Øns Pzen-bv p Ncn{Xw Xs -bm-wn-xv. A]q Δamb Nn{X-ßfpw CXn-ep- v.$ $tkmc-jv]q-cn \n v t\ mfn-se-øn, epw_n-\nbpw ImTva-fiphpw am\-k-k-c-kpw, Zndm- p pw \μnbpw IS- v, ssiem-k-øns asn- Ø- n-tebv v IS- p-i-b-dp- -Xns A]q Δ-kp-μ-c-amb A\p-`-h-ßƒ Bhn-jv -cn-bv p- p.$ $sS hnkva-b-temiw ]n.-f. tpmkv hnt\m-z-ß-fpss cmpmhv F -dn-bs -Sp Ãmºp-ti-J-c-W-sØ- p-dn- v, AXnse Ie-sb- p-dn v hni-z-ambpw ka-{k-ambpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv p ]pkvx-iw.$

27 lcn{ioipdn AtimIIY-Iƒ lcn{io Atim-I \ms-iw, anan-{in, kn\na XpSßn \nc-h[n taj-e-i-fn hy nap{z ]Xn- n lcn{io Atim-Is Pohn- Xm-\p-`-h-ßƒ. hni- n-s bpw Ae- nen-t bpw s]m p Ime-Øn - \n pw kar- n-bp-tsbpw hnp-b- Øns temi-øn-te-bv p {]bmww \ Ω-Øn Nmen v hni-zo-i-cn-bv p- p. {]km: Heo-hv, timgn-t msv, hne : 120-cq-], t]pv : 169 IS-em-a-I-fpsS \m n tum. cmp Np Øv Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ, sh - m- ßƒ, ]p tasp-iƒ, IuXp-I-h-kvXp- ƒ F nh txsn-bp C y-bpss hnhn[ `qhn-`m-k-ß-fn-eqss \S-Øp thdn k m-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ, lrzyhpw efn-x-hp-amb `mj-bn, hm p- Isf Nn{X-ß-fm- p Ah-X-c-Wssi-en. e -Zzo-]nse Ih-c-Øn, tkmh, tkm t m-, ssakq XpSßn \nc-h[n hyxykvx {]tz-i-ßƒ Cu ]pkvx-i-øn-eqss hmb-\- m v kp]-cn-nn-x-am-ip- p. {]km: ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv, hne : 75-cq-], t]pv : 108 BZm-ans ai A_p kenw Al-ΩZv se HmkvI ]pc-kv m-c-øn- \p C y-bpss H^o-jy F {Snbmbn sxc-s -Sp- -s -Sp-Ibpw \nc-h[n tzio-b- -A- t±-iob ]pckv m-c-ßƒ t\sp-ibpw snbvx kn\n-a-bpss Xnc- -Y. XnI pw efn- Xhpw lrz-b-kv] in-bpw, a\p-jy-\- -bpss BtLm-j-apƒs m- p- -Xp-ambn Bhn-jv -cn- n-cn-bv p Cu Xnc- -Y, AXns Bflm -XsIm v thdn- p-\n-ev p- p. {]km: amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv, hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 86 s\øm- n Ic F.-]n. \mbcpw m\-{]-zm-bn-\nbpw tum. F.-Fw. DÆn-Ir-jvW kzmx-{ y-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n, {KŸim-em-{]-ÿm-\-Øns am -Z in, ]{Xm-[n-], {ioaqew {]Pm-k-`mwKw XpSßn \nc-h[n taj-e-i-fn hy n-ap{z ]Xn- n s\øm- n Ic F.-]n. \mb-cp-tsbpw At±-l-Øns t\xr-xz-øn {]h Ø-\-am-cw-`n m\-{]-zm-bn\n {KŸ-im-e-bp-tSbpw Ncn-{Xw. tic-f-øns Hcp Ime-L- -Øns Pzen-bv p Ncn{Xw Xs -bm-wn-xv. A]q Δamb Nn{X-ßfpw CXn-ep- v. {]km: Xo w _pivkv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, hne : 75-cq-], t]pv : G{]n ssiem-k-øns Nph- n N{μ-lmkv a ns taemsbwn lnahms lrz-b-øn-tebv v Hcp kmlkn-i-bm-{x. tkmc-jv]q-cn \n v t\ mfn-se-øn, epw_n-\nbpw ImTva-fiphpw am\-k-k-c-kpw, Zndm- p pw \μnbpw IS- v, ssiem-k-øns asn- Ø- n-tebv v IS- p-i-b-dp- -Xns A]q Δ-kp-μ-c-amb A\p-`-h-ßƒ Bhn-jv -cn-bv p- p. {]km: F v B v kn. _pivkv, Xriq, hne : 140-cq-], t]pv : 182 Ãmºp-I-fpsS hnkva-b-temiw ]n.-f. tpmkv hnt\m-z-ß-fpss cmpmhv F -dn-bs -Sp Ãmºp-ti-J-c-W-sØ- p-dn- v, AXnse Ie-sb- p-dn v hni-z-ambpw ka-{k-ambpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv p ]pkvx-iw. Ãmºp-I-fpsS Ncn-{Xw, C y-bnse Ãmºp-Iƒ, Ãmºp-Isf Xncn- -dn-bp hn[w, Ah-bpsS Aaqey-X, Ãmºp-I-fnse {]ap-j, Ãmºp-ti-J-cn-bv p-tºmƒ {i n-bvt Imcy-ßƒ XpSßn \nc-h[n Imcy-ßƒ CXn Dƒs m- n- n- p- v. {]km: F v B v kn. _pivkv, Xriq, hne : 60-cq-], t]pv : 72 bm{x _mtjm hnh: si.-sn. kq n ]Xn-t\gmw \q m- n Pohn- ncp Pm m-\okv Ihn-bmb _mtjmbpss hnjym-x-amb k m-c-km-ln-xy- Ir-Xn. ]pxnb ÿe-ßƒ ImWpI F -Xn-\- pdw Ie-bv p-th- n-bp Xo m-s-\-ß-fmwv CXv. Ihn-Xbpw kwko-xhpw Nn{X-ßfpw CS Ie-cp-, a\p-jys Bfl-t_m-[-Øn-te-bv p hnip k m-c-am-ip p Hc -Øn Cu IrXn. {]km: Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 110-cq-], t]pv : 153 Ae-ap-d- -Y-Iƒ si. hnjvwp- \m-cm-b-w IY-Iƒ. ]Ww am{xw \nbm-a-i-am- Ip Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß-fpsS {]tem-`-\-ß-fn IpSp-ßn, Pohn-X- Ønse \ -Ifpw aqey-ßfpw \jvss -Sp-Øp h Ø-am-\-Ime a\p-jys DZzn- -X-I-fmWv Cu IY- I-fn-ep-S-\ofw \nd-bp- -Xv. Hcp ]ip P\n-bv p- p, I_o km-bv-hv, tjmiv am - v, P\w, kqk tpmk^v XpS-ßnb IY-Iƒ {it -bw. {]km: ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, hne : 80-cq-], t]pv :

$Kƒ^v IpSn-tb- -Øns kmaq-ly-]m-t-ßƒ C.-sI. Znt\-i {]hmkn Pohn-X-Øns Bg-ßfn-tebv v ItÆm-Sn-bv p tej-\- k-am-lm-cw.$ $AtXm-sSm w {]hm-kn-i-fpss thz-\m-p-\-i-amb A\p-`-h-ß-sf- pdn pw CXn {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv p- p- v.$ $IqSm-sX, At±l-sØ- p-dn- v, kn\n-am-cw-k-øp {]ap-j-cpss kulr-z-kvar-xn-i-fpw, taml em-ens sndp-sx- nepw lrzy-amb apj- p-dn- pw, \nc-h[n Hm Ω- n-{x-ßfpw IqSn Dƒs m- p Cu ]pkvxiw Xøm-dm- n-bxv F.-sI.$ $A_vZpƒ l o-am-wv. {]km: Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 80-cq-], t]pv : 113 si.-b. {]km-zns IY-Iƒ si.-b. {]kmzv {]hmkw hy n-i-fn krjvsn- p ITn-\-hy-Y-bpsS km y-]-{xß-fm-ip Hcp-]nSn IY-I-fpsS kamlm-cw.$ $00, t]pv : 482. {io kzmxn-xn-cp-\mƒ Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-Ifpw s{]m^. hn.-f-kv. i Ω I Æm-SI kmln-xy-ønse A]q Δ {]Xn-`-bmb kzmxn-xn-cp-\mfns Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-Ifpw hni-zambn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp ]T-\-{K- Ÿw.$ ${]km : ticf `mjm C Ãn- yq- v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw : 470.00, t]pv : 928. 28 tzh-`q-an-bn-eqss Fw.-sI.$ $AXnepƒs Im PwL, Ow p-x-sm- Iw, \myq-e-np-cw, lnam-n {]-tz-inse In ssiem-kw, awn-a-tl-jvssi-em-kw, {ioi-wvt-a-lmtzhv ssiemkw XpS-ßnb km[m-cw bm{x- m FØns -SmØ P\-ß-fn-eqsS \S-Øp Cu kml-kn-i-bm{x$ $axm- -X, Bcm-a-]m-en-I, `qxam-xm-hns hnem-]w, apø-»n, \ap- - Wn-tN-cmw, Atbm- y, Xmßn- m-sx, \n»_vzw Cu ImØn-cn v XpSßn Ccp-]-Øn-A p Ihn-X-I-fmWv CXn-ep- -Xv.$

28 Kƒ^v IpSn-tb- -Øns kmaq-ly-]m-t-ßƒ C.-sI. Znt\-i {]hmkn Pohn-X-Øns Bg-ßfn-tebv v ItÆm-Sn-bv p tej-\- k-am-lm-cw. Kƒ^v ae-bm-fn-i-fpss cmjv{so-bw, sxmgn, atx-x-c-po-hn- Xw, kmº-øn-iw, IpSpw-_-_- - ßƒ XpSßn {]k- -amb hnj-bß-sf- p-dn v CXn N snøp- p. AtXm-sSm w {]hm-kn-i-fpss thz-\m-p-\-i-amb A\p-`-h-ß-sf- pdn pw CXn {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv p- p- v. {]km: Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 80-cq-], t]pv : 113 Nncn-bpsS Iuiew PK-Zojv kn\n-abpw Pohn-Xhpw tn Øpsh v PK-Zojv F Iem-Im-c Xs ImgvN- m-sp-ifpw CjvS-ß-fpw, Hcp kn\n-am- -Y-t]mse BI j-i-ambn Ah-X-cn- n-bv p- p. IqSm-sX, At±l-sØ- p-dn- v, kn\n-am-cw-k-øp {]ap-j-cpss kulr-z-kvar-xn-i-fpw, taml em-ens sndp-sx- nepw lrzy-amb apj- p-dn- pw, \nc-h[n Hm Ω- n-{x-ßfpw IqSn Dƒs m- p Cu ]pkvxiw Xøm-dm- n-bxv F.-sI. A_vZpƒ l o-am-wv. {]km: Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 80-cq-], t]pv : 113 si.-b. {]km-zns IY-Iƒ si.-b. {]kmzv {]hmkw hy n-i-fn krjvsn- p ITn-\-hy-Y-bpsS km y-]-{xß-fm-ip Hcp-]nSn IY-I-fpsS kamlm-cw. apjy-[m-c-bv - p-døv Fgp- Øns kz -amb HcnSw Is -Øp- I-bpw, {]ÿm-\-ßƒ - p-døv Bib-ß-fpsS auen-i-x-sim v thdn p \nev p-ibpw snøp- p v CXnse Hmtcm IY-I-fpw. {]km : F v B v kn _pivkv, Xr»q hne : , t]pv : 482. {io kzmxn-xn-cp-\mƒ Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-Ifpw s{]m^. hn.-f-kv. i Ω I Æm-SI kmln-xy-ønse A]q Δ {]Xn-`-bmb kzmxn-xn-cp-\mfns Pohn-Xhpw IrXn-Ifpw hni-zambn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp ]T-\-{K- Ÿw. Pohn-X-kw-t -]w, IrXnka-\zbw, IrXn-k-ao (kw-ko-x-ir-xn- Iƒ, kmln-xy-ir-xn-iƒ F n-ßs\ c p `mkw) XpSßn At±-lsØ kw_- n kakvx hnh-c-ßfpw A\mh-cWw snøp- p- v, Cu D-XvIrjvS IrXn-bn. {]km : ticf `mjm C Ãn- yq- v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw : , t]pv : tzh-`q-an-bn-eqss Fw.-sI. cma-n-{μ Hmtcm AWp-hnepw A`u-a-amb {]IrXn kuμcyw \nd- p-\n-ev p lnam-e-b-{]m- -ß-fn-tebv v \S-Øp Im \-S-bm-{X-bpsS _m n-]-{xw. Ing- lnam-e-b-ønse kn n-apw. AXnepƒs Im PwL, Ow p-x-sm- Iw, \myq-e-np-cw, lnam-n {]-tz-inse In ssiem-kw, awn-a-tl-jvssi-em-kw, {ioi-wvt-a-lmtzhv ssiemkw XpS-ßnb km[m-cw bm{x- m FØns -SmØ P\-ß-fn-eqsS \S-Øp Cu kml-kn-i-bm{x Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp lnam-n A\p-`hw Xs -bm-wv. {]km : Id v _pivkv, Xr»q hne : , t]pv : 504. Sot gvkv Ubdn si.-f. enkn ]pxnbime-øns Icp-Wm-kmln-Xy-tØmSv auen-ihpw kpo-h-hpambn {]Xn-I-cn-bv p Ihn-Xm-k-amlm-cw. axm- -X, Bcm-a-]m-en-I, `qxam-xm-hns hnem-]w, apø-»n, \ap- - Wn-tN-cmw, Atbm- y, Xmßn- m-sx, \n»_vzw Cu ImØn-cn v XpSßn Ccp-]-Øn-A p Ihn-X-I-fmWv CXn-ep- -Xv. H pw Zp {Kl-a- mø efn-x-amb ssien-bmwv Ch-bpsS Poh. {]km : tum t{^w _pivkv, Xr»q hne : 50.00, t]pv : 50. IY-Iƒ sshim-j a\p-jy-po-hn-x-øns t\cp-isf lrz-bw-sim v kv] in-bv p IYm-k-am-lm-cw. A -c-ln-x-amb B `m-s-ßƒ pw AIw-s]m- -bmb hm p-iƒ p-a- pdw Adp-Xn-I-fn- mø k -S-ß-fpw, am\p-jn-i-x-bv pth- n-bp At\z-j-W-ß-fp-amWv Ch-bn ImWp-I. P -P-e-[n, apcp-i\pw ] m-wn-i-fpw, Dƒ -S, \ng {]-tz-i-ßƒ, kqcy-i-e, AtLm-cn, D]- Kr-l-ßƒ XpSßn sshim-js F m-e-tøbpw ani IY-I-fmWv Cu kam-lm-c-øn-ep- -Xv. {]km : Id v _pivkv, Xr»q hne : , t]pv : 363. emhven CS-]mSpw Agn- p-hows]mbvap-j-ßfpw si.-b. DÆn-Øm tic-f-cm-jv{so-b-øn simsp- m- mbn amdnb emhven Agn-a-Xn-sb- pdn- p ]pkvx-iw. hnhm-z-im-e-l- - Øn t_m Uns a Ω-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp ÿm\øv FIvkn-Iyq- ohv F n- \o-b-dm-bn-cp- -Xns AS-nÿm-\-Øn e`n hnh-c-ß-fmwv {KŸ-Im-c ] p-sh-bv p- -Xv. {]km : _pivam ]ªn-t -gvkv, timgn-t msv hne : , t]pv : km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

${iocm-as IY-Iƒ kn.-hn. {iocm-a ae-bmf IYm-]-cn-k-c-Øn-tebv v AXp-hsc {]th-in-bv m-xn-cp \nch[n A\p-`-h-ß-sf-bmWv kn.-hn. {iocm-a k n-th-in- n- -Xv.$ ${]km : Id v _pivkv, Xr»q hne : 450.00, t]pv : 595. cm- -ks Nncn Xnt m-sn-b Ip n-iƒ p-th n Xnt m-sn-b Fgp-Xnb c p \o IY-I-fpsS kam-lm-cw.$ $Ip n-isf Xo bmbpw BI jn-bv pw. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv hne : 40.00, t]pv : 56. IÆo-cns am[pcyw F.C. _me-ir-jvw-am-cm ae-bmf ]pkvxi {]kn- o-i-c-wcw-ksø AXn-Im-b-cn Hcm-fmb {io. F.-C.$ $Hcp hy n-bpss F - Xn-t\m-sSm w Hcp Im-e-L- -Øns IqSn IY-bm-Ip p F - XmWv Cu IrXnsb Akm-[m-c-W-am- p- -Xv. {]km : ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv hne : 50.00, t]pv : 72. «Ym- -c-ßƒ F.-Fw.$ $«Ym- -c-ßƒ, tamfn-iyqƒ, anã, `qx-øns A\p-{K-lw, hnj-p- p- ƒ, Btcm Hcmƒ XpSßn ]Xn-\ p IY-I-fmWv Cu kam-lm-c-ønep- -Xv. {]km : `mh\ _pivkv, Imh-t»cn hne : 70.00, t]pv : 81.$ $-P-b blq-z-cp-tsbpw ap o-ß-fp-tsbpw Nne B{^n- tkm{x- m-cp-tsbpw CS-bn {]Nm-c-Øn-ep ]cn-t -Z\w F BNm-csØ a\p-jy-]- -Øp- \n v ]p\ hn-nn- \w snøp ]pkvx-iw.$ ${]km:c y FØnÃv ]ªn-tj-gvkv, \yqu ln, hne 50cq], t]pv 133 hncq]n temtim-øc AXoX IY-Iƒ {iotzhn Fkv I Øm temi-øns hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn {]Nm-c-Øn-ep {]Ir-Xym-XoX i n- Isf pdn- p IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw.$

29 {iocm-as IY-Iƒ kn.-hn. {iocm-a ae-bmf IYm-]-cn-k-c-Øn-tebv v AXp-hsc {]th-in-bv m-xn-cp \nch[n A\p-`-h-ß-sf-bmWv kn.-hn. {iocm-a k n-th-in- n- -Xv. Xm IqSn Dƒs -Sp PohnX ]cn-k-cßsf A\mbm-k-I-c-ambn, F m emh-wy-øn \n v hy-xn-n-enbv msx `mj-bpss Dƒap-g- -ß-tfmsS Ah-X-cn- n Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-cs sxc-s -SpØ IY-I-fpsS kam-lm-cw. {]km : Id v _pivkv, Xr»q hne : , t]pv : 595. cm- -ks Nncn Xnt m-sn-b Ip n-iƒ p-th n Xnt m-sn-b Fgp-Xnb c p \o IY-I-fpsS kam-lm-cw. kz]v\-øns \ -{Xtem-I-Øn-eqsS AΩ-sb-tØSn sam - p p Ib-dp- -Xn-\nsS cm -ks ]Sn-bn-e-I-s -Sp-Ibpw Ipkr-XnsIm p c -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvx AΩn-Wn- p- n-bp-tsbpw apø-»n- -Y-bnse b n-sbtøsn t]mip DÆn- -Æ-\p-sa mw Ip n-isf Xo bmbpw BI jn-bv pw. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv hne : 40.00, t]pv : 56. IÆo-cns am[pcyw F.C. _me-ir-jvw-am-cm ae-bmf ]pkvxi {]kn- o-i-c-wcw-ksø AXn-Im-b-cn Hcm-fmb {io. F.-C. _me-ir-jvw-am-cm-cpss Pohn- Xhpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw Bhn-jv -cnbv p Ipdn- p-iƒ. ]e-t m-gmbn Fgp-X-s Cu Ipdn- p-iƒ ]t, ASp- n-sh-bv p-tºmƒ Hcm-fl-I-YbpsS si p-d p t\sp- -Xp-Im-Wmw. Hcp hy n-bpss F - Xn-t\m-sSm w Hcp Im-e-L- -Øns IqSn IY-bm-Ip p F - XmWv Cu IrXnsb Akm-[m-c-W-am- p- -Xv. {]km : ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv hne : 50.00, t]pv : 72. «Ym- -c-ßƒ F.-Fw. \qteen cq]-]-c-amb \n_- -\-Itfm Im -iy-ßtfm ]men-bv msx efn-x-amb D]-cn-L-S-\-bp IY- Iƒ. F m, CXn \nd-bp Pohn-Xw, Bg-Øn-ep Nne kv]μ- \-ßsf Dƒs m- p-ibpw snøp- p. «Ym- -c-ßƒ, tamfn-iyqƒ, anã, `qx-øns A\p-{K-lw, hnj-p- p- ƒ, Btcm Hcmƒ XpSßn ]Xn-\ p IY-I-fmWv Cu kam-lm-c-ønep- -Xv. {]km : `mh\ _pivkv, Imh-t»cn hne : 70.00, t]pv : G{]n ]cn-t -Z\w a\p-jy-xz-c-lnxw tpmk^v sehn kv. hnh: Pn.-P-b blq-z-cp-tsbpw ap o-ß-fp-tsbpw Nne B{^n- tkm{x- m-cp-tsbpw CS-bn {]Nm-c-Øn-ep ]cn-t -Z\w F BNm-csØ a\p-jy-]- -Øp- \n v ]p\ hn-nn- \w snøp ]pkvx-iw. CXv XnI pw A]-I-S-I-chpw, imkv{xo-b-sa {]Nm-c-W-ßƒ A -c-ln-x-hp-am-sw- pw, Ip n-isf Icp-W-bn- msx ]oun- n-bv -em-sw pw tej- -I ka n-bv p- p. {]km:c y FØnÃv ]ªn-tj-gvkv, \yqu ln, hne 50cq], t]pv 133 hncq]n temtim-øc AXoX IY-Iƒ {iotzhn Fkv I Øm temi-øns hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn {]Nm-c-Øn-ep {]Ir-Xym-XoX i n- Isf pdn- p IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw. sszh-hpw, ]nimnpw, t{]x-ßfpw Hs t\cn- p-i-s- p-h-cp Cu ]pkvxiw `mh-\-bpss `n -`n- -ßfmb \nc-h[n apj-ßƒ ImWn- p-x-cp- p. {]-km-[-i Ah-Im-i-s -Spw-t]mse anyybpw XYybpw ]c-kv]cw hne-bn-bv p hyxy-kvx-amb IYm-\p-`hw {]km : Id v _pivkv, Xr»q hne : 90.00, t]pv : 136. Hcp tamjvsm-hns Zn\- p-dn- p-iƒ sjt\, hnh: F. aqk- p n tamjww Pbn Po-hn-Xw, `n- m- S-\w, Iq n-s m-sp- v, sime-]m-x-iw, H n-s m-sp- XpS-ßn-bh {]ta-b-am- Ip hniz-{]-kn- -amb {KŸw. F mhn[ kzm-nm-c-kw-ln-x-iƒ pw ]pdtøbv v sjt\ \S-Øp Cu bm{x- Iƒ ]t, Pohn-X-Øns Ccp- hi-ß-fnepw kuμcyhpw DZm-Ø-Xbpw Ds v ImWn- p-x-cp- p. sjt\ Ip -hm-fnbpw ]pwym-f\pw F km {Xns ]T\w A\p-_- -ambn Dƒt Øn-cn-bv p- p. {]km : ]m n-tbm, timgn-t msv hne : , t]pv : 306. Ce-nbUv tlma, hnh : Pn Ia-eΩ Cen-b-Uns efn-x-kp-μ-c-amb ]cn-`m-j. temssii kpμ-cn-bmb sles\ ]mcokv cmp-ip-am-c kz am- p- XpapX-ep AXo-h-k- o Æ-amb IYm- -X-X- p-hns\ kq va-hpw, ck-i-c-hp-ambn Bhn-jv -cnbv p- p v Cu IrXn-bn. bh\ kwkvim-csø kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-nb-s -Sp-Øm\pw {KŸ-I {Xn CXn {ian-bv p- p- v. {]km : ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv hne : 70.00, t]pv :

30 kvacwob Zn\-ßƒ 2013 sabv 1. sabvzn\w cho-{μ-\m-y-sm-tkm P -Zn\w 1861 si.-]n.-pn. \ºq-Xncn P -Zn\w 1917 Fw.-]n.- t]mƒ P -Zn\w 1904 _me-`qan {]kn- o-i-cww XpSßn 1996 si.-]n. ]fl-\m-`-ta-t\m Nc-a-Zn\w F.-F.-C. kph Æ-h n P -Zn\w kn.-f. _me P -Zn\w 1919 C.-Fw.-sP. shæn-bq P -Zn\w 1927 h w A_vZpƒJm-Z P -Zn\w 1912 F-ev.-F. Pao P -Zn\w txm -bv m v C m-hω Nc-a-Zn\w B.-sI. \mcm-b-w Nc-a-Zn\w 2001 C - -hm-cy P -Zn\w 1890 hn.-si. IrjvW-ta-t\m P -Zn\w 1896 tum. k o lp-ssk Nc-a-Zn\w hmkp {]Zo]v Nc-a-Zn\w si.-kn. amω am nf P -Zn\w 1871 hnp-b Itcm v Nc-a-Zn\w In n- p-dn»n awkew Ie- -Øp-`-h\w Ip kvamc-i-am n kn.-fw.-f-kv. (i- -c \m-b hn.-fw. P -Zn\w Pn. hnth-im-\-μ P -Zn\w 1923 N -ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ Nc-a-Zn\w Imd am Ivkv P -Zn\w txd-ºn i p-æn-ta-t\m P -Zn\w 1910 kn.-si. Icow P -Zn\w 1929 si.-fw. Um\n-tb P -Zn\w 1920 hn.-f-kv. B {Uqkv P -Zn\w 1872 Fw.-Fw. tat\m Nc-a-Zn\w thep-øºn Zfh P -Zn\w 1765 GI-e-hy (amxyp si.-fw.) Nc-a-Zn\w hnzzm kn.-f-kv. \mb (i- p-æn-\m-b ) P -Zn\w 1894 PKXn F.-sI. BNmcn P -Zn\w temi amxr-zn\w {ioi- -c-p-b n hnzzm kn.-f-kv. \mb (i- p-æn-\m-b ) Nc-a-Zn\w D q kvamciw (Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-cw)xpsßn 1956 `mjm-t]m-jnwn k` XpSßn 1891 temi sduvt{imkv Zn\w 9. tas m ]c-ta-iz-c ]n P -Zn\w 1907 Sn.-sI. IrjvW-ta-t\m Nc-a-Zn\w shæn- pfw tkm]m-e- p-dp v P -Zn\w 1902 H m-asø C y kzmx-{ y-k-acw Bcw`w 1857 Ip p-æn-amjv P -Zn\w ]n.-`m-kvi-c P -Zn\w F.-sI.-tem-ln-X-Zmkv P -Zn\w sshtem- n n {io[-c-ta-t\m P -Zn\w temi t\gvkv Zn\w hn.-fw. \mb Nc-a-Zn\w hnth-tim-zbw (]-{Xm-[n-] Ipam-c\m-im ) XpSßn 1904 Iem-a-fiew Ieym-Wn- p- n-bω Nc-a-Zn\w tum. kpip-am Ago-t msv P -Zn\w F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b P -Zn\w 1916 samøm-cøv i -c Nc-a-Zn\w hn.-b. IrjvW-s\-gp-Ø- Nc-a-Zn\w IS-hn iin P -Zn\w \nxy-ssn-x-\y-bxn Nc-a-Zn\w Ip n- p-døv In p-æn-\m-b Nc-a-Zn\w hnjvwp-`m-c-xo-b Nc-a-Zn\w hnem-kn\n Nc-a-Zn\w aq t møv Ip P -Zn\w hn.-]n. inh-ip-am P -Zn\w 1947 ]n.-kn. hmkp-tz-h Cf-bXv P -Zn\w ]n.-sn. A_vZpƒd-ln-am P -Zn\w ka-im-eni ae-bmfw hmcni XpSßn 1997 ap -t\gn \oe-i-wvt P -Zn\w temi-hm Øm-hn-\n-a-b-Zn\w C.-]n. kpja P -Zn\w 1964 snßm-c- n \mcm-b-w t]m n Nc-a-Zn\w hmkvtim-u-kma Im msv (tim-gn-t m-sv) I -en-dßn 1498 s{]m^. si.-f-kv. \mcm-b-w- n P -Zn\w Fw.-kn. A p-æn-\-ºym P -Zn\w 1927 HSphn Ip n- r-jvw-ta-t\m Nc-a-Zn\w _ {Sm v d P -Zn\w 1872 Iem-a-fiew tii-h P -Zn\w kn.-hn. cma ]n P -Zn\w 1858 hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW \m-b Nc-a-Zn\w Fw.-]n. \mcm-b-w-]n Nc-a-Zn\w Abv]v ]md-ta Nc-a-Zn\w 2004 C.-sI. \mb-\m Nc-a-Zn\w knã tacn _\orvp Nc-a-Zn\w si. kpip-am-c (a-e-_m ) P -Zn\w 1876 sim o- Xc-I Nc-a-Zn\w k Δm-[n-Im-cy- m ]n. tkmhn-μ-]n P -Zn\w 1849 amxyp Fw. Ipgn-then P -Zn\w 1905 hn m-\-ssi-cfn XpSßn 1969 ]m -\w-timsv {]`m-i-c P -Zn\w tim`\ ]c-ta-iz-c \m-b Nc-a-Zn\w cmpo-hvkm n Nc-a-Zn\w si.-f. Fgp-Ø- P -Zn\w 1911 {ioaq-e-\-kcw hnp-b Nc-a-Zn\w _mcn-ã Pn.-]n. ]n Nc-a-Zn\w ]n. A\- ]n Nc-a-Zn\w cmpmdmw taml dmbv P -Zn\w 1772 si.-si. hmkp-am-ã P -Zn\w BNm-cy-\-tc-{μ-`q-j P -Zn\w kn. tii-h P -Zn\w 1891 ]\-ºn n tkmhn-μ-ta-t\m Nc-a-Zn\w ]n. ]fl-cm-p P -Zn\w tae-ßøv ANyp-X-ta-t\m P -Zn\w 1887 Fw. tij-kn-cn-{]`p Nc-a-Zn\w Sn.-F. tkm]n-\m-y \mb Nc-a-Zn\w timgn-t msv tem sse{_dn AtYm-dn n XpSßn 1959 C. _mem-\-μ P -Zn\w si.-]n. Idp- P -Zn\w 1885 kztz-im-`n-am\n cma-ir-jvw-]n P -Zn\w 1878 Iem-a-fiew IrjvW Ip n s]mxp-hmƒ P -Zn\w 1924 kn.-pn. im -Ip-am Nc-a-Zn\w ]n mwn F.-_n.-]n Nc-a-Zn\w `cxv apcfn P -Zn\w snº-i-cm-a ]n Nc-a-Zn\w Ph-l em s\lvdp Nc-a-Zn\w ]n. Ip n-cm-a \mb Nc-a-Zn\w tim -bv ]n.-hn. IrjvWhmcn-b P -Zn\w 1877 \n[o-cn- amwn- -Ø-\m P -Zn\w 1842 sf.-kn. Nmt m Nc-a-Zn\w sf.-kn.-]n. \ºq-Xncn Nc-a-Zn\w as-hq `mkn P -Zn\w tum. si.-pn. ASn-tbmSn Nc-a-Zn\w ap -Øp-h n Nc-a-Zn\w sambvxp ]Sn-bØv P -Zn\w kn.-f-kv. tkm]m-e- -Wn- P -Zn\w 1872 sh w amwn Nc-a-Zn\w a\p-jy BZy-ambn Fh-d-Ãn ae-bm- q cma-ir-jvw P -Zn\w 1927 ap jn cma- p-dp v P -Zn\w 1848 CS- n cml-h ]n P -Zn\w ]pi-bne hncp- -Zn\w kn. A - mbn Nc-a-Zn\w si.-kn.fkv. ]Wn- P -Zn\w G p-am-\q tkm]m-e Nc-a-Zn\w 1996 Ia-e-kp-dø (am[-hn- p n) Nc-a-Zn\w si.-si. hmkp-am-ã Nc-a-Zn\w km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$] hmzy-]-t\w Xnane Icn-b- q \mcm-b-w \ºq-Xncn ] -hm-zy-i-ebpss ]pxn-b-imew A\p-im-kn- p$ $00 ]søm-ºxmw \q m- nse ticfw (aq mw ]Xn- v) ]n `mkvi-c-\pæn tic-f-øns \thm-$ $m\ime-n-cn-{x-øns kq va-hm-b-\bv v klm-bn {KŸw. t]pv : 1291 hne : 900.$ $_me-n-{μ ae-bm-f-øn\v F m-ehpw A`n-am-\n- m-hp hniz-km-ln-xy-{]-xn` XI-gn-bpsS k Km-flI$ $hne : 200.00 Ipam-c-\m-imsâ apj-{]-kw-k- Ä kºm-z\w, ]T\w Pn.$

31 ] hmzy-]-t\w Xnane Icn-b- q \mcm-b-w \ºq-Xncn ] -hm-zy-i-ebpss ]pxn-b-imew A\p-im-kn- p LS-\bpw B -cku-μ-cy-hp-amb Cu {KŸw Iem- -]-c-amb A[zm-\-Øn-s bpw Bflk-a -W-Øn-s bpw km m-xv m-c-am-wv. t]pv : 120 hne : ]søm-ºxmw \q m- nse ticfw (aq mw ]Xn- v) ]n `mkvi-c-\pæn tic-f-øns \thm- m\ime-n-cn-{x-øns kq va-hm-b-\bv v klm-bn {KŸw. t]pv : 1291 hne : X-I-gn-bpsS kàk-]-y- Ä s{]m^. Pn. _me-n-{μ ae-bm-f-øn\v F m-ehpw A`n-am-\n- m-hp hniz-km-ln-xy-{]-xn` XI-gn-bpsS k Km-flI temi-sø- p-dn- p ka-{khpw Bg-ta-dn-b-Xp-amb ]T\w s]cp-º-shw {io[-cs Ah-Xm-cnI t]pv : 278 hne : Ipam-c-\m-imsâ apj-{]-kw-k- Ä kºm-z\w, ]T\w Pn. {]nb-z i-\ alm-i-hn-bmb Ipam-c-\m-im "hnth-tim-zbw', "{]Xn`' XpSßn amkn-i-i-fn Fgp-Xnb apj-{]-kw-kßfpw Ah-bpsS ]T-\-ß-fpw. ka-nn-ø-xbpw hnth- Ihpw kln-jvwp-xbpw Cu apj-{]-kw-k-ß-fpss apj-ap-{z-bm-wv. t]pv : 399 hne : G{]n tim n-iƒ v : ticf kmlnxy A m-zan Xriq 31

C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ

\nco- Ww [ C-Xv A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS cq-]-øn-epw A-{I-a-Øn-s cq-]-øn-epw {]-Xn-^-en- mw [ t\m v \ntcm-[\w, Pn.-F-kv.Sn, \oxn BtbmKv C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ ^m-kn-ãv A[n-Imchyhÿ `-c-w-iq-s-øn-s