A prehistoric tsunami induced long lasting ecosystem changes on a semi arid tropical island the case of Boka Bartol (Bonaire, Leeward Antilles) Max Engel, Helmut Brückner, Peter Frenzel, Sascha Fürstenberg, Anna Maria Konopczak, Anja Scheffers, Dieter Kelletat, Simon Matthias May, Frank Schäbitz, Gerhard Daut Online Resource 1
Online Resource 1.1 (previous page): Overview map of the Caribbean region based on the GEBCO One Minute Grid, version 2.0 (http://www.gebco.net). The tectonic pattern is based on Pindell and Kennan (2009). Black squares show observations of tsunami run up since 1498. White rims indicate that multiple historical tsunamis were recorded (data based on the Natural Hazards Interactive Map of NOAA, http://ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/hazards.shtml). Vectors of plate movement were taken from Meschede and Frisch (1998). Online Resource 1.2: Photograph of sediment core BBA 10. For geographical contexts see Figs. 2 and 3A in the main document. Sedimentary documentation and proxy data are shown Fig. 4 (main document).
Online Resource 1.3: Field log, stratigraphical interpretation and proxy data of sediment core BBA 8. The stratigraphy is well comparable to mastercore BBA 10 and is also reproduced in Fig. 5 (main document). BBA 8 is located 0.57 m below mean sea level. For geographical contexts see Figs. 2 and 3A in the main document. For details on proxy data see Engel et al. (2009). A legend is provided in Online Resource 1.5. Online Resource 1.4: Photograph of sediment core BBA 8. For geographical contexts see Figs. 2 and 3A in the main document. Sedimentary documentation and proxy data are depicted in Online Resource 1.3.
depth BBA 11 (m b.s.) field log mean grain size (mm) CaCO3 (wt.%) loss on ignition (wt.%) facies units 0 1 2 0.44 * * x * 1.33 * s 1.47 1.61 2.00 2.26 cl silty sand, d' yellowish brown to v' d' grayish brown, poorly sorted, anox. spots, plant rem., angular stones, basal evapor. mud with evaporite crystals, pale olive, stones, few plant remains, carbonate concretions clayey silt, very dark grayish brown, many plant remains, moderately sorted, mollusc fragments at the bottom silty sand, very dark gray, many mollusc shells (1 articulated) and fragments, large plant remains at the base silt, very dark grayish brown, many plant remains, few juvenile shells and fragments, few stones at base 100 1000 sand/silt, very dark grayish brown, poorly sorted, numerous stones (in particular towards the bottom), few 3 3.00 plant remains in the upper part 3339-3162 (plant fragment) - 3329-3204 (bivalve shell) - 3390-3236 (bivalve shell) fine sand loamy sand very poorly sorted sand and silt silty sand sandy silt loam silt clayey silt sand layer clay layer terrestrial gastropod s marine gastropod bivalve shell articulated bivalve * evaporite crystal 0 20 40 60 0 4 8 12 ******** evaporite crust inorganic carbonate cl core loss fining upward radiocarbon age x Unit IV Unit III (Unit II) Unit I slope debris/ weathered bedrock anoxic spot plant remain wood subangular/rounded stone angular stone stratification Online Resource 1.5: Field log, stratigraphical interpretation and proxy data of BBA 11. BBA 11 is located 0.18 m above mean sea level. For geographical contexts see Figs. 2 and 3A in the main document. Online Resource 1.6: Photograph of sediment core BBA 11. For geographical contexts see Figs. 2 and 3A in the main document. Sedimentary documentation and proxy data are depicted in Online Resource 1.5. References Engel M, Bolten A, Brückner H, Daut G, Kelletat D, Schäbitz F, Scheffers A, Scheffers SR, Vött A, Wille M, Willershäuser, T (2009) Reading the chapter of extreme wave events in nearshore geo bio archives of Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles) initial results from Lagun and Boka Bartol. In: Vött A, Brückner H (eds) Ergebnisse aktueller Küstenforschung Beiträge der 26. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geographie der Meere und Küsten, 25. 27. April 2008 in Marburg. Marburger Geogr Schr 145:157 178 Meschede M, Frisch W (1998) A plate tectonic model for the Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic history of the Caribbean plate. Tectonophysics 296:269 291 Pindell JL, Kennan K (2009) Tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America in the mantle reference frame: an update. In: James KH, Lorente MA, Pindell JL (eds) The origin and evolution of the Caribbean Plate. Geol Soc London Spec Pub 328:1 55