]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 211 B{I-a-W-ßƒs -Xnsc AXns\ kwc- n- m\pw bym am\p-jn-i -h-f bv v cq]w-sim-sp- p Imcy-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn hni-kn- n- m\pw Ign-bp ÿe-am-wv. ac-w-kw-kvimcw F p ]d-b-s -Sp- -Xps - n-epw, IpSpw-_-amWv Pohs kwkvim-c-øns lrz-bw.'' 149 Poh-t\mSv kvt\lhpw BZ-chpw {]I-Sn- n-t - Xv F{]-Im-c-sa v BZyw \mw IpSpw-_- Øn A`y-kn- p p; km[-\-ß-fpss icn-bmb D]- tbm-kw, {Iahpw ipnnxz-hpw, {]mtzini Bhm-k-hyhÿ-tbm-Sp BZ-chv, F m krjvsn-i-tfm-sp-ap Icp- X F nh \mw AhnsS ]Tn- p- p. hy n-]-c-amb ]Iz-X-bn s]mcp-ø-tøm-sp-iqsn hf-cm \sω {]m]vx-cm- p Hcp ka{k hnzym-`ymkw \ap p e`n- p- Xv IpSpw-_Øn-em-Wv. \n _- -]q hw Bhiy-s -SmsX hn\-b-]pc- cw A`y n- m\pw \ap p e`n- -Xn-\p Bflm amb IrX- -Xm- {]-I-S\w F \ne-bn ""\nßƒ p \μn'' F p ]d-bm\pw \ΩpsS B{I-a-tWm- p-i-xbpw AXym- {K-lhpw \nb-{ n- m\pw \mw Fs - nepw D]-{Zhw snøp-tºmƒ a tnmzn- m-\pw IpSpw-_-Øn \mw A`y-kn- p- p. lrz-bw-k-a-amb acym-z-bpss Cu km[m-cw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ, ] p-tn-cp Pohn-X-Øns bpw \ΩpsS ]cn-k-c-tøm-sp BZ-c-hn-s bpw Hcp kwkvimcw krjvsn- m klm-b-i-am-wv. 214. P\ß-fpsS Ah-t_m[w h n- n- p- -Xns\ klm-bn- m-\p Npa-Xe cmjv{so-b-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ- pw a p hnhn[ kmaq-lni hn`m-k-ßƒ pw Gev]n-

212 Atßbv v kvxpxn -s -Sp- p. k`bpw Aß-s\-X-s -bm-wv. ]cn-ÿnxnhn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-k-øn F m ss{ikv- X-h-k-aq-l-ßƒ pw kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp ] p-h-ln- m-\p- v. Pohn-X-Øns DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-]q Æ-amb emfn-xyw, sszh-øns temi-sø- p-dn v IrX- - Xm-]q h-i-amb [ym\w, Zcn-{Z-cpsS Bh-iy-ßfpw ]cnÿn-xn-bpss kwc- -Whpw kw_- n Bi F n-h-bn \ΩpsS skan-\m-cn-ifpw cq]o-i-c-w-`h\- ßfpw hnzym-`ymkw \ Ipw F mwv Fs {]Xymi. A]-I-S-km-[yX A{X A[n-I-am-b-XpsIm v, ]cn-ÿn-xn-bn Gev]n- p \miøn\v in Npa-Øm A[n-Im-c-ap ÿm]-\-ßƒ \ap v Bh-iy-am-Wv. F m, Bfl-\n-b-{ -W-Øns bpw ]c-kv]cw ]Tn- m-\p k - -X-bp-sSbpw hy n-]-c-amb KpW-ßfpw \ap p thww. 215. C mcy-øn, ""\ Xpw kpμ-c-hp-amb Hcp hnzym-`ym-khpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp ]cn-ÿnxn \ne- \n Øepw XΩn-ep _ w Ah-K-Wn- m Ignbp-I-bn-.'' 150 kuμcyw Z in- p-ibpw Bkz-Zn- p- Ibpw snøm A`y-kn- p- -Xn-eq-sS, kzm - Xmev]-cy-ap {]mtbm-kn-ixm-hm-zsø \mw X n- -f-bp- p. at\m-l-c-amb H ns\ as mw \n Ønh v Bkz-Zn- m Hcmƒ A`y-kn- n ns n, Ah As - n Ahƒ ki-e-xn-s\bpw XØz-Zo- -bn- msx D]-tbm-Kn- p-ibpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn- p-ibpw snøm-\p Hcp hkvxphmbn ssiimcyw snøp- - ]- w, \mw AXn A p-x-s -ts Imcy-an-.

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 213 AKm-[-amb am w-h-cp-øm \mw B{K-ln- p- p-sh- n, Nne \n nx at\m-`m-h-ßƒ hmkvx-h-øn \ΩpsS s]cp-am- sø kzm[o-\n- p- p-s v \mw a\- n-em-t Xmh-iy-am-Wv. a\p-jy-hy- n-i-sfbpw Pohn-X-sØbpw kaq-l-søbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp \ΩpsS _ -søbpwipdn- p Hcp ]pxnb Nn mk-cwn t{]m m-ln- n- m \mw ]cn-{i-an- m-ø- ] w, hnzym-`ymkw kw_- n \ΩpsS {]b-xv\- ßƒ A]-cym-]vXhpw ^e-iq-\y-hp-am-bn-cn- pw. As - n, am[y-a-ß-fp-ssbpw Itºm-f-Øns hfsc ^e{]-z-amb {]h Ø-\-Øn-s bpw klm-b-tøm-sp- Iq-Sn, D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øns amxri XpS p apt dpw. III. ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb am\km- cw 216. Ccp-]-Xp-\q- m- p-i-fnse hy n-]-chpw kmaqln-i-hp-amb A\p-`-h-Øns ^e-am-b, {InkvXob Bflo-b-X-bpsS kº ss]xr-i-øn-\v, a\p-jyh K-Øns \hoicwøn\pth n Aaq-ey-amb Hcp kw`m-h\ \ Im-\p- v. \ΩpsS hnizm-k-øns t_m y-ß-fn A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp ]cn-ÿn-xnhn m-\ob Bflo-b-X- p-th GXm\pw \n t±ißƒ ss{ikvx-h p \ Im ChnsS Rm B{Kln- p-i-bm-wv. Fs - m, kphn-ti-j-{]-t_m-[-\- ßƒ v \ΩpsS Nn -bp-ssbpw hnim-c-øn-s bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s bpw am Kw kw_- n v t\cn- p

214 Atßbv v kvxpxn ]cnw-x-^-e-ßƒ D v. Bi-b-ßsftbm k -ev]- ß-sftbm Aß-s\-Xs ImWp- -Xn-t\- mƒ IqSp- X-em-bn, \ΩpsS temi-øns kwc- Ww kw_- n IqSp-X Bth-i-I-c-amb Hcp Xmev]-cy-Ønte v Aß-s\-bp Hcp Bflo-b-X v F{]-Imcw \sω DtØ-Pn- n- m Ign-bpw F -Xn-emWv F\n p Xmev]-cyw. \sω {]tnm-zn- n- m Ign-bp Hcp Bflo-b-X-bn- m-sx, ""t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw {]tnm-zn- n- p-ibpw ]cn-]p-jvs-am- p-ibpw \ΩpsS hy n-]-chpw kmap-zm-bn-i-hp-amb {]h Ø-\-ßƒ v A w \ Ip-Ibpw snøp Nne B -cni {]tnm- Z-\-ßƒ'' 151 C m-sx, kn m w-sim- p-am{xw C{X D -X-amb Hcp {]Xn-_- X \ne-\n Øm Ign-bpIbn-. k`bv v sszhw {]Zm\w snbvxn- p Bflob- \n-[n-isf ss{ikvx-h Ft mgpw D]-tbm-Kn- p-ibpw hni-kn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn- n F p kω-xn- -Ww. ico-c-øn \nt m {]Ir-Xn-bn \nt m euini bmym y-ß-fn \nt m th s]-sm-sx, \ΩpsS ]cnk-c-ønse ki-e-xn-t\m-sp-ap Iq m-bva-bn, Ahbnepw Ah-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Acq-]n-bpsS Poh \ne- \n - p CS-amWv k`. 217. ""B -cni acp-`q-an-iƒ A{X hnim-e-am-bn-øo - Ø-Xp-sIm v temi-ønse _mly-a-cp-`q-an-iƒ hf p-sim- n-cn- p- p.'' 152 C m-c-w-øm, ]cnÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb {]Xn-k n AKm-[-amb B -cni am\-km- -c-øn-te- p Hcp Ww-IqSnbm-Wv. {]Xn-_- -Xbpw {]m -\m-po-hn-x-hp-ap

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 215 Nne ss{ikvx-h, bmym y-hm-z-øn-s bpw {]mtbm-kn-i-xm-hm-z-øn-s bpw Hgn-I-gn-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn, ]cnÿn-xn-tbm-sp Xmev]-cy-{]-I-S-\-ßsf ]cn-l-kn- m- \p {]h-wx ImWn- p p F v ]d-tb- -Xp- v. "a p- -h \njv{in-b-cmwv; Xß-fpsS ioe-ßƒ amt ' F v Ah Xocp-am-\n- p-ibpw Aßs\ s]mcp-ø-an- m-ø-h-cmbnøocp-ibpw snøp- p. AXpsIm- v, Ah s - m-h pw Hcp ""]cn-ÿn-xnhn m-\o-b-]-c-amb am\-km- cw'' Bh-iy-ap- v. X q-ew, tbip-{in-kvxp-hp-am-bp Ah-cpsS I pap- -ens ^e-ßƒ Ah pnp p-ap temihp-ambp Ah-cpsS _ -Øn hy -am-bn-øo-cp-ibpw snøp- p. sszh-øns Ic-th-e-bpsS kwc- -I-cm- Im-\p \ΩpsS hnfn-bn Pohn- p- Xv Hcp kpir- X-Po-hn-X-Øn\v AXym-h-iy-amWv; AXv \ΩpsS ss{ikvx-hm-\p-`-h-øns sf n-itam ZznXo-btam Bb Hcp hi-a-. 218. A o-kn-bnse hnip {^m ko-kns cq]w a\- n-te p sim p-h-cp-tºmƒ, krjvsn-i-fp-am-bp Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp _ w samø-øn-ep hy n-]-c-amb am\-km- -c-øns Hcp am\-am-sw v \mw a\- n-em- m CSbmIp- p. CXv \ΩpsS sx p- Ifpw ]m]-ßfpw hogvn-ifpw ]cm-p-b-ßfpw AwKo- I-cn- p- Xv A\n-hm-cy-am- p-ibpw lrz-b-]q h-iamb A\p-Xm-]-Øn-te pw ]cn-h Ø-\-Øn-\p B{K-l-Øn-te pw \bn- p-ibpw snøp- p. krjvsn- I-fp-ambn A\p-c-RvP\w ssih-cp-øp- Xp

216 Atßbv v kvxpxn kw_ n v Aß-s\-bp am\-km- -c-øns {]m- [m-\y-sø pdn v Hmkvt{S-en-b sa{xm- m kwkmcn- p-i-bp- mbn: ""Aßs\bp A\p-c-RvP\w ssih-cp-øm, \mw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ßsf ]cn-tim- [n- p-ibpw \ΩpsS {]hr-øn-i-fn-eq-ssbpw {]h Øn- m \mw ]cm-p-b-s - -Xn-eq-sSbpw sszh-øns krjvsn-isf \mw D]-{Z-hn am K-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw thww. \ap v Hcp am\-km- cw AYhm lrz-b-]-cn-h Ø\w A\p-`-h-s -ts- -Xp- v.'' 153 219. F n-cp- m-epw, hy n-i-fpss `mkøv Ah kzbw sa -s -Sp- Xv AXn-\m X-s, C p \ΩpsS temiw t\cn-sp AXy w k o Æ-amb Ah-ÿ- v {]Xn-hn-[n-bm-Ip-I-bn-. H -s hy n-iƒ v {]tbm-p-\-hm-z-]-c-amb at\m-`m-h-øn \n v c -s]- Sm-\p Ah-cpsS Ignhpw kzmx-{ yhpw \jvs-s Sp- Ibpw kmaq-ln-itam ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-ctam Bb Ah-t_m[w C mø A[m Ωn-I-amb Hcp D]- t`m-k-kw-kvim-c-øn\v Ah Cc-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw snøpw. kmaq-ln-i-{]-iv\-ßsf A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sntø- Xv tihew hy n-]-c-amb kzv{]-hr-øn-ifpss BsIØpI-b-, kmaq-ln-i-irw-j-e-i-fm-wv. Cu Npa-X-e, ""hy n-]-c-amb ap ssitbm hy n-hm-z- ]-c-amb Hcp coxn-bn hf Ø-s a\p-jy-cpss tbmpn- p ]cn-{i-a-tam -sim pt]mepw Hcn- epw a\p-jy\p ssih-cp-øm Ign-bm-Ø-hÆw A{X _rl-ømb Bh-iy-ß-fmWv D -bn- p- -Xv. temi- Øn-s -ta B[n-]Xyw ]pe Øp tpmen Bhiy-

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 217 s -Sp- Xv sshz-kv y-ß-fpss Hcp HØp-tN-cepw XnI pw hyxy-kvx-amb Hcp at\m-`mh-øn \n pam{xw hf-cm Ign-bp t\ -Øns Hcp sfiy-hpam-wv.'' 154 imiz-x-amb am w ssih-cp-øm Bh-iyamb ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb ]cn-h Ø\w kmaq-ln-i-amb Hcp am\-km- -cw-iq-sn-bmwv. 220. Cu am\-km- cw At\Iw at\m-`m-h-ßƒ Bh-iy-s -Sp- p- v. Ah H p-tn v B {ZX \nd, DZmcamb Icp-X-ens Hcp Acq]n hf - Øp p. BZy-am-bn, AXv IrX- -Xbpw kup-\y- Zm-\-hpw, temiw sszh-øns kvt\l-k-ωm-\-amsw pw Bfl-Xym-K-Ønepw kzv{]-hr-øn-i-fnepw- IqSn Ahn-SpsØ alm-a-\-kvix im -ambn A\p-Icn- m \mw hnfn- -s -Sp- p-sh pw D Hcp AwKo- Im-cw, A\n-hm-cy-am- p p: ""\ns heøpssi snøp- Xv CSØpssI AdnbmXncn- -s. cl-kyßƒ Adn-bp \ns ]nxmhv \n\ p {]Xn-^ew \ Ipw'' (aøm. 6:3 4). _m n-bp krjvsn-i-fpambn \mw _ -an- m-ø-h-c-s - pw, {]XypX AXnhn-in-jvS-amb Hcp km h-{xni Iq m-bva-bn H ptn -h-cm-sw- p-ap kvt\l-]q Æ-amb Hc-ht_m-[hpw AXv A\n-hm-cy-am- p- p. hnizm-kn-iƒ F \ne-bn, \mw temisø t\m p- Xv shfnbn \n- -, adn v, F m Pohn-I-fp-ambn ]nxm-hmb sszhw \sω _ n- n- n-cn- p irwj-e-i-sf- pdn- p t_m[-tømsp-iq-sn, D n \n- m-wv. \ΩpsS hy n-]-chpw sszh-z-ø-hp-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ hni-kn-

218 Atßbv v kvxpxn n- p- -Xp-h-gn, temi-øns {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn- p- -Xnepw ""hnip- hpw sszh-øn\p {]oxn-i-c-hpamb kpoh _en-bmbn'' (tdmam. 12:1) \sω-øs sszh-øn\p ka n- p -Xn-ep-ap h n k Kmfl-I-X-bn-te pw D m-l-øn-te pw \sω {]tnm- Zn- n- m ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn m-\o-b-]-c-amb Hcp am\- km- -c-øn\p Ign-bpw. hy n-]-c-amb al-øz- Ønt\m DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-iq-\y-amb B[n-]-Xy-Ønt\m D Hcp Imc-W-am-bn- \mw \ΩpsS t{ijvt-xsb a\- n-em- p- -Xv; {]XypX, \ΩpsS hnizm-k- Øn \n v Db p-h-cp Kuc-h-ap Hcp DØ-chm-ZnØw A\n-hm-cy-am- p Hcp hyxykvx Ign-hmbn- m-wv. 221. Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øns Bcw-`-Øn hnikn- n-, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-øns hnhn[ t_m yßƒ v Cu am\-km- -c-øns A sø kº am- p- -Xn\v \sω klm-bn- m Ign-bpw. Ch-bn, Hmtcm krjvsnbpw sszh-øns Hcwiw {]Xn-^-en- n- p- p-sh pw AXn\v \ap p \ Im Hcp ktμiw Ds pw D Ah-t_m-[w, Ct mƒ D nx-\mb {InkvXp X n Xs Gs -Sp-Øn-cn- p Cu `uxn-i-tem-i-øns kpc- n-xxzw Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw, AXns\ Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-øm hebw snøp-ibpw AXn Ahn-SpsØ shfn w {]th-in- n- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim- v, KmV-ambn k nln-x-am-bn-cn- p- p, F nh Dƒs -Sp- p. IqSm-sX, a\pjy-hy- n-iƒ v Ah-K-Wn- m Ah-Im-i-an-

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 219 mø Hcp {Iahpw Hcp Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbpw AXn Fgp-Xn-t -Øp-sIm v, sszhw temisø krjvsn p F -Xns AwKo-Im-chpw D v. ""Ah-bn H pt]mepw sszh-k- n-[n-bn hnkva-cn- -s -Sp- n '' (eq m 12:6) F v Ipcp-hn-I-sf pdn v tbip ]d-bp- -Xmbn \mw kphn-ti-j-øn hmbn- p- p. At mƒ Fß-s\-bmWv \ap v Hcp-]t AhtbmSp tami-ambn s]cp-am-dmt\m Ahbv v D]-{Zhw hcpømt\m Ign-bpI? Xß-fpsS am\-km- -c-øns Cu am\w AwKo-I-cn- m\pw AXv ]q Æ-ambn Pohn- m\pw F m {InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSpw Rm A`y n- p- p. \ap p e`n Ir]-bpsS i nbpw {]Imihpw CXc PohnI-tfmSpw \ap pnp p-ap temitøm-sp-ap \ΩpsS _ -Ønepw hy -am-i-s. Cu coxn-bn, A okn-bnse hnip {^m kokv A{X D z-e-ambn km- m-xvi-cn, F m krjvsn-i-tfm-spap DZm-Ø-amb kmtlm-zcyw t]mjn- n- p- -Xn \ap p klm-bn mw. IV. B\-μhpw kam-[m-\hpw 222. ss{ikvxh Bflo-bX Pohn-X\ne-hmc-sØ kw_- n v Hcp _Z [mcw \n t±-in- p-ibpw D]- t`mkw a\- n \nd-bp- -Xn \n p ap -amb Bg- Øn-ep B\μw \ Im Ign-bp {]h-n-\m-fl- Ihpw [ym\m-fl-i-hp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-ssien-sb t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw snøp- p. hyxykvx ax-]mc- º-cy-ß-fnepw ss n-fnepw ImWp Hcp ]pcm-x\-

220 Atßbv v kvxpxn ]mtw \mw ]Tn-t - -Xp- v: ""Aev]-amWv A[n-Iw'' F t_m y-am-w-xv. ]pxnb D]-t`m-K- km-[-\-ßfpss \nc- -c-amb {]f-b-øn\v lrz-bsø Aºc- n- m\pw Hmtcm hkvxphpw Hmtcm \nan-jhpw emfn- m-\-μn- p- -Xn \n v \sω XS-bm\pw Ign-bpw. Hmtcm D -tbm-sp-ap- AXv F{X-Xs sndp-xmbns m s {]im- -km- n-[yw, [mc-w-bp-ssbpw hy n-]-c-amb kwxr-]vxn-bp-ssbpw Gsd hnim-e-amb N{I-hm-f-ß-fn-te v \sω Xpd- p- p. anx-xz-øn- \mepw Aev]w-sIm v k p-jvs-cm-im-\p Ign-hn- \mepw ap{zn-x-amb Hcp hf -bmwv ss{ikvxh Bflo-bX \n t±-in- p- -Xv. as mw \n Øn-h v sndnb Imcy-ßƒ Bkz-Zn- m\pw PohnXw \ap p \ Ip Ah-k-c-ß-sf- p-dn v IrX- -X-bp- -hcm-im\pw \ap- p- -Xn \n v Bflo-b-ambn AI p- \n m\pw \ap- n- m-ø-xn-s\ pdn p ZpxJ- Øn\p Iog-S-ßm-Xn-cn- m\pw \sω {]m]vx-cm- p emfnxy-øn-te- p Hcp Xncn- p-t]m- m-w-xv. B[n- ]-Xy-Øns Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbpw shdpsx kpj-ku- I-cy-ßƒ hmcn- q- p- Xpw Hgn-hm- -W-sa- m-wv CXp kqnn- n- p- Xv. 223. kzx-{ -ambpw t_m[-]q hhpw Pohn- ptºmƒ, Aß-s\-bp ka-nn-øx hntam-n-\m-fl-iam-wv. AXv Ipd Hcp Pohn-Xtam Ipd Xo{hXtbm-Sp-IqSn \bn- p Hcp Pohn-Xtam A. adn- v, AXv PohnXw ]q Æ-ambn Pohn- p Hcp am KamWv. hmkvx-h-øn, Ft mgpw Xßƒ n- m-ø-

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 221 hsb txsn-s m v Ahn-sSbpw Chn-sSbpw apßp- - Xns\ Dt]- n- -h-cmwv Hmtcm-\n-an-jhpw IqSp-X Bkz-Zn- p-ibpw IqSp-X \ mbn Pohn- p-ibpw snøp- -Xv. G hpw km[m-c-w-amb Imcy-ß-tfm-Sp ]cn-n-bhpw Ah Bkz-Zn- p- Xv F{]-Im-c-am-sW- Xpw A`y-kn- p-sim- v, Hmtcm hy n-sbbpw Hmtcm hkvxp-hn-s\bpw hne-a-xn- p- -Xns A w F m-sw v Ah A\p-`-hn- p- p. AXp-sIm- v, Xß-fpsS at\m-`m-chpw Xf bpw Npcp- n-s m- v, \nd-th-dmø Bh-iy-ßƒ Dt]- n- m Ah p km[n- p- p. k thm-]cn Ah CXc D m-k-am Kßƒ hf Øn-sb-Sp- p-ibpw ktlm-z-c-k-l-p-amb I p-ap- epi-fnepw ip{iq-j-bnepw Ah-cpsS kn n- Iƒ hni-kn n- p- -Xnepw kwko-x-ønepw Iebnepw {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp kº -Ønepw {]m - \-bnepw kwxr]v-xn Is -Øp-Ibpw snøp-tºmƒ Aev]-am-{X-hn-`-h-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn- p-sim v Pohn- ptºmgpw Ah v [mcm-f-ambn Pohn- m Ign-bpw. k p-jvsn-bpss A w \sω sndp-xm- p-i-am{xw snøp Nne Bh-iy-ßƒ Npcp- p- Xpw Pohn-X- Øn\p \ Im Ign-bp \nc-h[n hyxykvx km[y- X-I-fn-te v Xpd- p- Xpw F{]-Im-c-sa v Adn-bp- I-bm-Wv. 224. Ign- -\q- m- n ka-nn-ø-xbpw hn\-bhpw A\p-Iq-e-a-t\m-`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-k-wn- -s - n-. F n- pw, hy n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-i-hpamb Pohn-X- Ønse Hcp {]txyi KpW-Øns \n h-l-w-øn

222 Atßbv v kvxpxn s]mxp-hmb Hcp XI -bp- m-ip-tºmƒ, AXv FØnt -cp- Xv ]mcn-ÿn-xn-i-ambh Dƒs ss \nc-h[n Ak- p-en-xm-h-ÿ-iƒ Df-hm- p- -Xn-em-Wv. AXpsIm- mwv C\n-ta ]mcn-ÿn-xnihy-h-ÿ-i-fpss ka{k-xsb pdn- p-am{xw kwkm-cn- m axn-bm-im- Ø-Xv. a\p-jy-po-hn-x-øns ka-{k-x-sb- p-dn- v, al- Ømb F m aqey-ß-sfbpw t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw GIo-I-cn- p-ibpw sntø- -Xns Bh-iysØ pdn v kwkm-cn- m \mw ss[cyw B Pn- Ww. Hcn- \mw \ΩpsS hn\bw \jvs-s -Sp- Øp-Ibpw ki-e-xn-s bpw-taep A]-cn-an-X-amb B[n-]-Xy-Øns km[y-x-i-fm hio-i-cn- -s -Sp- Ibpw snbvxp-i-gn-bp-tºmƒ, A\n-hm-cy-ambn \mw kaq-l-søbpw ]cn-ÿn-xn-sbbpw D]-{Z-hn- p- -Xn FØn-t -cp- p. kzbw-`c-wm-[n-imcap -h-cm-sw v \mw \sω- p-dn- p-xs Nn n- p-tºmƒ, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ß-fn \n v sszh-sø Hgn-hm- pitbm \ΩpsS kz w Al- sb Ahn-Sp-tØ p ]I-cwhbv p-itbm snøp-ibpw \ΩpsS Bfl-\n-jvT-amb hnim-c-ßƒ v F mwp icn-sb pw F mwp sxs pw \n Æ-bn- m Ign-bp-sa p hnnm-cn- p- Ibpw snøp-tºmƒ, CØ-c-Øn-ep Btcm-Ky-I-camb hn\-btam k p-jvs-amb ka-nn-ø-xtbm t{]m m-ln- n- pi Ffp- -a-. 225. adp-h-i-øv, Xt m-sp-xs kam-[m-\-øn-em- ImsX Hcmƒ pw ka-nn-ø-x-bp- Xpw kwxr-]vxhp-amb Hcp PohnXw hf Øn-sb-Sp- m Ign-bp-I-

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 223 bn-. Bflo-b-Xsb pdn- p axn-bmb Hcp [mcwbn AS-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xv, bp -Øns A`m-h-tØ- mƒ hfsc IqSp-X-emb kam-[m-\w-sim p \mw A -am- p- Xv ]qcn- n- p- -Xn-em-Wv. B -cn-ik-am-[m\w ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\-søbpw s]mxp-\ sbbpwipdn- p Icp-X-en-t\mSv KmV-ambn _ n- -s - n-cn- p- p. Fs - m, Bflm -ambn Pohn- p-tºmƒ, Pohn-X-Øns AKm-[-amb [mc-w-bnte p \sω sim p-t]m-ip hnkva-b-øn-\p-th Hcp Ign-hn-t\m-sSm-Øp Hcp k p-enx Pohn-Xssien-bn AXp {]Xn-^-en- p- p. kvt\l-øns hm p-iƒsim v {]Ir-Xn -\n-d- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. ]t, Fßs\bmWv \nc- -c-amb i_vz-øn-s tbm Ahn-cm-ahpw kncisf XI p- -Xp-amb hyxn-n-e- \-ß-fp-sStbm _mly-`m-h-ß-fpss D]mk-\-bp-sStbm a y-øn \mw Ahsb {ihn- pi? At\Iw P\ßƒ v C v Ahsc kw{`m- -amb {]h Ø-\- Øn-te p X n-hn-sp- Xpw Xßƒ pnp p-ap kie-xn-t\mspw tami-ambn s]cp-am-dp- -Xn-te v Ahsc \bn- p Hcp \nc- -c-[r-xn-bn Ah v Xnc v A\p-`-h-s -Sp-Øp -Xp-amb Hcp AKm[ Ak- p-en- XXzw A\p-`-h-s Sp p- v. Ah ]cn-ÿn-xn-tbmsv F{]-Imcw s]cp-am-dp p F -Xn-s\bpw CXp _m[n- p- p. ka-{k-amb Hcp ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\ob-øn krjvsn-i-fp-am-bp {]im- -amb Hcp s]mcp-øw hos -Sp- p- -Xn\v kabw Is -Øp- Xpw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ssi-en-sbbpw BZ i-ß-sfbpw-ipdn p hnnn- \w snøp- Xpw \ΩpsS CS-bn hkn- p-ibpw

224 Atßbv v kvxpxn \sω he-bw-sn-øp-ibpw snøp- {kjvsm-hns\ [ym\n- p- Xpw Dƒs -Sp- p. AhnSp-sØ km n yw ""\nkq-v-ambn hbvt X, ad-\o n ImW-s -ts- -Xm-Wv.'' 155 226. {]im- -amb {i -tbm-sp-iqsn Pohn-XsØ kao- ]n- p-, lrz-b-øns Hcp at\m-`m-h-sø- p-dn- mwv \mw kwkm-cn- p- -Xv. ASp-ØXv F v F - Xn-s\- pdn v Nn n- m-sx, B s - nepw ]q Ækm n[yw A\p-`-h-s -Sp-Øm AXn\p Ign-bpw. ]q Æ-ambn Pohn-t Hcp sszh-zm-\-ambn Hmtcm \nan-j-søbpw AXp kzoi-cn- p- p. hb-ense en n- I-sfbpw BIm-i-Ønse ]d-h-i-sfbpwipdn p [ym\n- m tbip \sω Wn- -t mƒ, AYhm [\n-ibp-hm-hns\ ImWp-Ibpw Abm-fpsS Akz-ÿX Adnbp-Ibpw snbvx Ahn-Sp v ""kvt\l-]q hw Ahs\ ISm- n- -t mƒ'' (a t m. 10:21), Cu at\m-`m-h-amwv Ahn-Sp v \sω ]Tn- n- -Xv. Ahn-Sp v F m-h-tcmspw ki-e-xn-t\mspw ]q Æ-ambn k n-ln-x-\m-bn-cp- p. \sω A - m-c-an- m-ø-hcpw B{I-a-tWm- p-icpw \n _- nx D]-t`m- m- -fp-am- p A\m-tcm-Ky- I-camb DXv -WvTsb Iog-S- m-\p am Kw Cu coxn-bn Ahn-Sp v \ap p ImWn- p-x- p. 227. ` -W-Øn\p apºpw ]nºpw \mw Aev]-t\-csa-SpØv sszh-øn\p \μn-]-d-bp- Xv Cu at\m-`m-h- Øns Hcm-hn-jvIm-c-am-Wv. at\m-l-chpw A - ]q Æ-hp-amb Cu ioe-øn-te p as-ßn-h-cm F m

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 225 hnizm-kn-i-sfbpw Rm Blzm\w snøp- p. F{X {lkz-am-bm-epw, A\p-{K-l-Øns B \nanjw PohnX-Øn\pth n \mw sszhsø B{i-bn- p p F -Xns\ A\p-kva-cn- n- p p; krjvsn-bpss Zm\- ßƒ p-th- n-bp \ΩpsS IrX- -Xm-hn-Im-csØ AXv i n-s -Sp-Øp p; Xß-fpsS A zm-\wsim v Cu Blm-c-]-Zm -ßƒ \ap p \ In-bhsc AXv AwKo-I-cn- p p; G hpw AXym-h-iy- mcp-am-bp \ΩpsS sfiy-zm VysØ AXv ZrV-am- p-ibpw snøp- p. V. ]uc-xz-]-chpw cmjv{so-b-hp-amb kvt\lw 228. H n- p hkn- p- Xn\pw Iq m-bva- p-ap Ignhv Dƒs -Sp Hcp Pohn-X-ssi-en-bpsS `mk-amwv {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp Icp-X. sszhw \ΩpsS s]mxphmb ]nxm-hm-sw pw X qew \mw ktlm-z-coktlm-z-c- m-cm-sw pw tbip \sω A\p-kva-cn- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. kmtlm-z-cy-kvt\-l-øn\v kup-\y- Zm\-am-Im am{xta Ign-bq. AXn\v Hcn- epw a p- -h \ap- p-th n snbvx-xn-\p As - n snøm t]m-ip- -Xn-\p {]Xyp-]-Im-c-Øns am Kam-Im km[n- p-i-bn-. AXp-sIm- mwv \ΩpsS i{xp- sf kvt\ln- m Ign-bp- -Xv. Im n-s\bpw kqcy-s\bpw tal-ß-sf-bpw, Ahsb \nb-{ n- m \ap p Ign-bp-I-bn-s - n t]m-epw, kvt\ln- m\pw AwKo-I-cn- m\pw \sω {]tnm-zn- n- p- Xv CtX

226 Atßbv v kvxpxn kup-\y-zm\w Xs -bm-wv. Cu A -Øn, \ap v- Hcp ""km h-{xn-i-km-tlm-zcy''sø pdn v kwkm-cn- m km[n- pw. 229. \ap v ]c-kv]cw Bh-iy-ap-s pw A\yscbpw temi-søbpw kw_- n v \ap v ] p-tn - p Hcp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-s pw \ -hcpw am\y- mcpw Bbn-cn- p- Xv t{ijvt-am-sw- p-ap t_m yw \mw hos -Sp- -Ww. Akm- m Kn-I-X-bpw, [m Ωn-I-X-bp-sSbpw \ -bp-ssbpw hnizm-k-øns bpw kxy-k- -X-bp-sSbpw I]-Sm-\p-I-c-WhpwsIm v \mw asp-øp-i-gn- p. Kuc-h-an- mø A mciq\y-x \ap v Hcp KpWhpw snbvxn- n-s v AwKo-I-cn-t ka-b-am-bn-cn- p- p. kmaq-ln-i- Pohn-X-Øns ASn-Ø-d-Iƒ {Zhn- p-tºmƒ, XXv^eambn D m-ip- Xv hncp- -Xm-Xv]-cy-ß-sf- p-dn- p bp -ßfpw A{I-a-Øn-s bpw arko-b-x-bp-ssbpw ]pxnb cq]-ßfpw ]cn-ÿn-xn-tbm-sp Icp-X-ens bym kwkvim-c-øns hf - p {]Xn-_ - ß-fp-am-Wv. 230. kvt\l-øns Ipdp- p-h-gn-iƒ ]cn-io-en- m, Zbm-]q Æ-amb Hcp hmt m Hcp ]p n-cntbm kam-[m-\hpw kulr-zhpw hnx-bv p GsX- nepw \S-]-Sntbm hn p-i-f-bm-xn-cn- m enkyq-hnse hnip sim p-t{xky \sω Wn- p- p. Hcp ka{k ]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\obw A{I-a-Øn-s bpw Nqj-W-Øn-s bpw kzm -X-bp-sSbpw bp n-tbmsp

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 227 `n n- p sndnb {]Xn-Zn-\-{]-hr-Øn-IƒsIm- p-iq- Sn-bmWv \n Ωn- -s -Sp- -Xv. Ah-km-\w, hj-fmb D]-t`m-K-Øns Hcp temiw AtX-k-abwXs Poht\m-Sv, AXns F m cq]-ß-fn-epw, tami-ambn s]cpam-dp Hcp temi-am-wv. 231. ]c-kv]-c-i-cp-x-ens sndnb {]hr-øn-iƒsim v Ihn-s m-gp-ip kvt\lw ]uc-xz-]-chpw cmjv{so-b-hpw -Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. sa -s Hcp temiw \n Ωn- m {ian- p F m {]hr-øn-bnepw AXp kzbw A\p-`-h-s -Sp-Øp- p. kaq-l-tøm-sp kvt\lhpw s]mxp-\- -tbm-sp {]Xn-_- -Xbpw D]-hn-bpsS {it -b-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-ß-fm-Wv. B D]hn hy n- Iƒ XΩn-ep _ -ßsf am{x-a ""kmaq-ln-ihpw kmº-øn-ihpw cmjv{so-b-hp-amb hnimexe-ßsfbpw'' 156 _m[n- p- p. AXp-sIm- mwv k` temi- Øns apºn Hcp ""kvt\l-\m-k-cn-ix'' 157 bpss BZ iw Ah-X-cn- n- -Xv. kmaq-lni kvt\lw bym hni-k-\-øn-\p Xmt m-emwv: ""kaqlsø IqSp-X am\p-jn-i-am- m, a\p-jy-hy- nsb kw_- n v IqSp-X tbmky-x-bp- -Xm- m, kmaqlnipohn-x-ønse cmjv{so-bhpw kmº-øn-ihpw kmwkvim-cn-i-hp-amb Pohn-X-Ønse kvt\l-øn-\v, F m {]h Ø-\-Øn-\p-ap kpÿn-chpw G hpw D -X-hp-amb \nb-a-am-bn-øo p-sim- v, \ho-ir-xaqeyw \ ti- -Xm-Wv.'' 158 Cu N - q-sn-\p- n, sndnb {]Xn-Zn-\-{]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS {]m[m-\y-tømssm w, ]mcn-ÿnxni A[x-]-X\w Ah-km-\n- n- m-

228 Atßbv v kvxpxn \p henb X{ -ßƒ Bkq-{XWw snøm\pw kaql-øn apgp-h hym]n- p Hcp ""Icp-X kwkv-imc''sø t{]m m-ln- n- m\pw kmaq-ln-ikvt\lw \sω t{]cn- n- p- p. a p- -h-tcmsptn v Cu kmaq-lni Ne-\m-fl-I-X-bn CS-s]-Sm sszhw \sω hnfn- p- -Xmbn \ap p txm p-tºmƒ, CXpw \ΩpsS Bflo-b-X-bpsS `mk-am-sw v \mw a\- n- em- -Ww. Cu Bflo-bX D]-hn-bpsS Hcp \n h-lwam-wv. AXv Aß-s\-Xs ]Iz-X -{]m-]n- p-ibpw \sω hnip- o-i-cn- p-ibpw snøp- p. 232. cmjv{so-b-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn G s -Sm F mhcpw t\cn p hnfn- -s -Sp- n-. s]mxp-\- sb t{]m m-ln- n- m\pw kzm`m-hn-itam \mk-cn-itam Bb ]cn-ÿn-xnsb {]Xn-tcm-[n- m\pw {]h Øn- p kwl-s-\-i-fpss kwjym-xo-x-amb \ncbpw kaq-lsø kº- -am- p- p- v. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, Nne kwl-s-\-iƒ Hcp s]mxp-ÿ-esø (Hcp si nsw, Hcp Pe-[m-c, Dt]- n- -s Hcp kvamciw, Hcp {]IrXnZr-iyw, Hcp NXz-cw) pdn v Bi {]ISn- n- p-ibpw F m-h pw kz -amb H v F \ne-bn AXns\ kwc- n- mt\m ]p\x-ÿm-]n- mt\m sa -s -Sp-Ømt\m kpμ-cam- mt\m {ian- p-ibpw snøp- p. Cu kmaq-ln-i-{]-h Ø-\-ßfpsS Np pw _ -ßƒ hni-kn- p-itbm hos -Sp- -s Sp-Itbm snøp-ibpw Hcp \h-km-aq-ln-i-l-s\ Bhn `-hn- p-ibpw snøp- p. Aß-s\, Hcp kap- Zm-b-Øn\v D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øm t{]cn-x-amb

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 229 Aew-`m-h-Øn \n p th s]- p-\n m Ign-bpw. A\p-kva-cn -s -Sp-Ibpw ssiam-d-s -Sp-Ibpw snøm Ign-bp Hcp IY-tbmSpIqSn, Cu {]h Ø-\-ßƒ ] p-tn-cp Hcp kzxzw hf Øp- p. Cu co-xn-bn, sfiy-zm Vy-Øns Hcp t_m[-tøm-sp-iq-sn, temihpw ]c-a-z-cn{z-cpss PohnXØns KpW-\n-ehm-chpw ]cn-n-cn- -s -Sp- p. AtX-k-abw Cu sfiy- Zm Vy-t_m-[-Øn-\v, sszhw \sω Gev]n- n-cn- p Hcp s]mxp-`-h-\-øn-emwv \mw Pohn- p- Xv F dnbmw. Cu kmap-zm-bn-i -{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ kzbw \ - Ip kvt\lw {]I-Sn- n- p-tºmƒ, Ahbv v Xo v- W-amb Bflob A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Im\pw Ignbpw. VI. IuZm-inI AS-bm-f-ßfpw hn{i-a-øns BtLm-jhpw 233. sszhw {]]- sø ]q W-ambpw \nd-bv p p; {]] w sszh-øn Npcpƒ\n-h-cp- p. AXp-sIm- v, Hcp Ce-bn, Hcp ae-\n-c-bn, Hcp lna-i-w-øn, Hcp Zcn-{Z-\mb a\p-jys apjøv auxniamb Hc w Is -Øm-\p- v. 159 Bflm-hn sszh- Øns {]h Ø\w Is -Øp-hm _mly-amb-hbn \n v B -cn-i-xbnte p IS- p-i-am-{x-a-, F m hkvxp- -fnepw sszhsø Is -Øp-I-Iq-SnbmWv BZ i-]-c-am-bn- p- -Xv. ""\ΩpsS lrz-b-ß-fn sszh-ir-]-bpss {]h Ø\w \mw A\p-`-hn- pwtxmdpw, \ap- p -]p-d-ta-bp krjvs-h-kvxp- -fn sszhsø I p-ap- m \mw \ mbn ]Tn- pw-txmdpw,

230 Atßbv v kvxpxn a\\w Bg-s -Sp p'' 160 F v hnip s_m\-sh- \sω ]Tn- n- p- p. 234. Cu temi-ønse bmym y-ß-fnepw A\p- `-h-ß-fnepw k n-ln-x-amb k h-\- bpw ""DØpw- K-ambpw A\- -ambpw sszh-øn k n-ln-x-amwv, As - n IqSp-X DNn-X-ambn ]d- m, Cu Hmtcm DZm-Ø-bm-Ym y-ønepw sszh-ap v'' 161 F v Ipcn-ins hnip tbml- m ]Tn- n- p. Cu temi-ønse ]cn-ta-b-h-kvxp- ƒ bym -Øn sszhn-i-am-b-xp-sim -, adn v Hcp anãniv sszhhpw k h-po-hn-ifpw XΩn-ep KmV-amb _ w A\p- `-hn- p- -Xp-sIm pw Aßs\ ""F mw sszhamwv'' 162 F v A\p-`-hn- p- -Xp-sIm- p-amwv CXv. hnkva-bkvx_v[-\mbn Hcp ] h-x-øns ap n \n p-sim v Aht\m Ahƒt m Cu A\p-`-hsØ sszh-øn \n p th s]-sp-øm-\m-hn- ; A\p-`-hn B -cn-i-hn-kvabw \my\v Gev]n- p-sim-sp- -Wsa v Ah [cn- p-ibpw snøp p: ""] h-x-ßƒ v Db-c-ß-fp v; Ah kar hpw hnim-ehpw at\m-lchpw Ir]m-]q Whpw {]Im-i-am-\hpw kpk- -hmln-bp-am-wv. Fs {]nb F\n-s - mtwm AXmWv Cu ] h-x-ßƒ. GIm Xmgvh-c-Iƒ im hpw a[p-chpw iox-fhpw XW-ep- Xpw Ipfn - Pew Hgp-Ip- -Xp-amWv; Xß-fpsS txm p-i-fpss sshhn-[y-ønepw ] n-i-fpss a[p-c-ko-x-ønepw Ahbv v Gsd hnt\m-zhpw C{μn-bm-\p-`q-Xnbpw e`n- p- p; Xß-fpsS GIm- -X-bnepw \n»-_vz-x-bnepw

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 231 Ah \sω Dt -j-nn-øcm p-ibpw hn{i-a-ta-ip- Ibpw snøp p. Fs {]nb F\n-s - mtwm AXmWv Cu Xmgvh-c-Iƒ.'' 163 235. IqZm-i-Iƒ Hcp khn-ti-j-]-y-amwv; AXn {]IrXn, {]Ir-Xy-XoX Poh {]h-ln- n- p- -Xn- \p Hcp am K-am-bn-Øo-cp-hm sszh-øm FSp- -s - n-cn- p- p. \ΩpsS sszhm-cm-[-\-bn-eq-ss, temisø as m-cp-x-e-øn ]p Ip-hm \Ωƒ Wn- -s - n-cn- p- p. Pehpw ssxehpw Xobpw \nd-ßfpw Ah-bpsS kie {]Xo-Im-flIi n-bnepw FSp- -s -Sp-Ibpw \ΩpsS kvxpxn-ifn Dƒt s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxn-cn- p- p. Bio h-zn- p Icw sszh-øns kvt\l-øns Hcp D]-I-c-Whpw Pohn- X-bm-{X-bn \tωm-ssmøp \oßphm h tbip- {In-kvXp-hns kmao-]y-øns {]Xn-^-e-\-hp-am-Wv. m\-kv\m-\-øn Hcp inip-hns ta Hgn- p Pew ]pxp-po-hs AS-bm-f-am-Wv. sszhsø I pap- p-i-sb- m Cu temi-øn \n v Hfn-t m-sp- Itbm {]Ir-Xn p ]pdw-xn-cn p \n p-itbm snøpi F -. ]uckvxy ss{ikvxh- B[ymfln- IX-bn CXp khn-ti-j-amw-hn[w hy -am-wv. ""]uckvxy-k-`-i-fn sszhn-i-sfiyhpw cq]m- -c-s am\-h-cm-in-bpss amxr-ibpw {]Im-in- n- p G hpw {]nb-s \ma-ß-fn H mb kuμcyw Fhn-sSbpw {]Xy- -s -Sp p: sszhm-e-b-øns BIr-Xn-bn, i_vz-ß-fn, h W-ß-fn, {]Im-i-ß-fn, K -ßfn '' 164 ss{ikvx-hsc kw_- n- n-s-tøm-fw, `uxni-

232 Atßbv v kvxpxn {]-]- -Ønse kie krjvsn-ifpw Ah-bpsS bym A w a\p-jym-h-xm-cw-snbvx hn-\- Øn Is -Øp p; Fs - m, `uxn-i-tem-i- Øn kp\n- n-x-amb cq]m- -c-øns hnøv ]mins m v sszh-]p-{x Xs Bf-Xz-Øn `uxnitem-i-øns Hcp `mksø Dƒt Øn- p- v. ""{InkvXp-aXw {ZhysØ \ncm-i-cn- p- n-. t\scadn v, Bcm-[-\-{I-a-]-c-amb {]hr-øn-bn imco-cn- IX AXns F m aqey-ønepw ]cn-k-wn- -s -Sp- p; AXp-sIm v a\p-jy-i-cocw AXns B -cn-i- {]-Ir-Xn-bn ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns Be-b-ambn shfns - n-cn- p- p; temi-øns c -bv p-th n icocw ssis m tbip-i Øm-hp-ambn AXv sfiy-s pan-cn- p p.'' 165 236. krjvsn- -s - -sx mw AXns G hpw al- Ømb A`yp-Zbw Is -Øp- Xv Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Ønem-Wv. C{μn-b-tKm-N-c-ambn {]Xy- -s - p- Xp-S-ßp Ir], sszhw-xs a\p-jy-\m-hp-ibpw Xs -Øs Xs krjvsn-iƒ p ` -W-ambn \ Ip-Ibpw snøp-tºmƒ, H n\pw ]n n-em- m-\m-hmø {]Imi\w Is -Øp- p. a\pjym-h-xm-c- c-l-ky-øns kºq Æ-X-bn, Hcp-Xp v {Zhy-Øn-eqsS \ΩpsS A -cm-flmhnse-øp-hm I Ømhv Xncp-a-\- m-bn. Db-c-

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 233 Øn \n Ahn-Sp v hcp- -Xv, adn v D n -\n- m-wv. \ΩpsS Cu temi-øn \mw Ahn-SpsØ I p-ap- p-hm-\mbn Ahn-Sp phcp- p. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy- Øn ]q WX ssih-cn- -s - p-i-gn p; {]]- - Øns Poh-\p ti{μ-am-wxv; kvt\l-øns bpw Ah-km-\an mø Poh-s bpw Ihn-s m-gp-ip ImXepamW-Xv. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn k n-ln-x-\m-b, a\p-jym-h-xm-cw-snbvx ]p{x-t\m-sp-tn v, kakvx {]]- hpw sszh-øn\p \μn-]-d-bp- p. bym - Øn Znhy-Im-cp-Wyw-Xs {]m]- n-i-kvt\-l- Øns Hcp {]hr-øn-bmwv: ""AsX, {]m]- niw! Fs - m, Dƒ\m- nse Hcp ssz-hm-e-b-øns hn\o-x-amb AƒØm-c-bn A n s Sptºmgpw Znhy-_en Ft mgpw Hcp-hn-[-Øn temi-øns AƒØm-c-bn-emWv A n -s -Sp- Xv.'' 166 Znhy- ImcpWyw kz K-sØbpw `qan-sbbpw Iq n-t - p p; AXv k h-kr-jvsn-sbbpw Bt«-jn- p-ibpw Xpf p- I-b-dp-Ibpw snøp- p. sszh-i-c-ß-fn \n ph temiw hmgvø-s - Xpw Ahn-`-Pn-X-hp-amb Bcm-[- \-bn Ahn-Sp- n-te p as-ßn-s - p p: Znhy- ImcpWy A -Øn ""krjvsn sszhnio-i-c-w-ønte v, ]cn-ip hnhm-l-hn-cp- n-te- v, {kjvsm-hp-ambn-ø-s -bp kw-tbm-p-\-øn-te v {]XnjvTn s Sp p'' 167 AXp-sIm v, kie krjvsn-bp-ssbpw Imcy-hn-Nm-cn- p-im-cm-iphm \tωmsp \n -t±-in- psim v Znhy-Im-cpWyw ]cn-ÿn-xn-tbm-sp \ΩpsS Icp-X-en\v {]Im-i-Øn-s bpw {]-tnm-z-\-øn-s bpw Hcp Dd-hn-Sw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.

234 Atßbv v kvxpxn 237. Rmb-dm-gvN, Znhy-_-en-bnse \ΩpsS ] m-fn- Ø-Øn\v khn-ti-j -{]m-[m-\y-ap- v. blqz km- _Øp-t]mse Rmb-dmgvN, sszh-hp-ambpw \Ω-fp-ambn-Ø-s bpw a p- -h-cp-ambpw temi-hp-am-bp-ap \ΩpsS _ -ßƒ kpj-s -Sp-Øp Hcp Znh-k-ambn Dt±-in- -s - n-cn- p- p. RmbdmgvN D m-\-øns Znh-k-am-Wv, ]pxnb krjvsn-bpss ""BZy-Zn\w''. kie krjvs-bm-ym y-øn-s bpw Ah-km\ cq]o-i-c-w- Øns hmkvzm-\amb I Øm-hns D nx am\p-jn- I-X-bmWv AXns BZy-^-ew. ""sszh-øn-ep a\pjys \nxy-hn-{ia'' 168 sø AXp {]tlm-jn- p- p. Cuhn-[-Øn, ss{ikvxh B[ym-fln-IX hn{i-a-øns bpw BtLmjØn-s bpw aqeyw Dƒt p- p. a\-\-tøm-sp-iq-snb hn{i-asø DXv]m-Z-\-]-c-a- m- ØXpw A\m-h-iy-hp-amb Ft m Bbn \mw CIgv- Øm-dp- v; F m A[zm-\sØ kw_- n G hpw {][m-\-s Imcyw Dt]- n- p-i-bmwv ChnsS: AXns A w.- shdpw \njv{in-b-xzøn \n p `n -amb kzmk-x-øn-s bpw IrX- -X-bp-sSbpw Hcp am\w \ΩpsS A[zm-\-Øn Dƒs -Sp-Øp-hm \Ωƒ Wn- -s - n-cn- p- p. {]h Øn- p- -Xns as mcp hgn-bm-w-xv. AXp \ΩpsS kmcmw-i-øn-s - Xs `mk-am-bn-cn- p- p. s]m -bmb {]h Ø-\ _m-lpeyw Bbn-Øo-cp- -Xn \n v AXp a\p-jy- {]-h Ø-\sØ kwc- n- p p; as mw A]-I-S-Ønem n hy n-]-c-amb t\ w txsp-hm \sω \n _- n- p B ISn- m-wn- mø B Øn-sbbpw H - s -S t_m-[-søbpw AXp XS-bp- p. ""\ns

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 235 Imfbpw Igp-Xbpw hn{i-an- -s. \ns Zmkn-bpsS ]p{x-\pw ]c-tz-inbpw oww Xo -s '' F -hn[w {]Xn-hmc hn{i-a-øns \nbaw Ggmw Znh-ksØ A[zm-\w hne- n (]p-d. 23:12). hn{iaw \ΩpsS IÆp- Isf hnim-e-amb ImgvN- msn-te p Xpd- p-ibpw a p -h-cpss Ah-Im-i-ß-sf- p-dn v \ho-ir-x-amb kwth-z-\- -ax \ap p \ Ip-Ibpw snøp- p. Aßs\ Znhy-_enbn ti{μo-ir-x-amb hn{i-a-znhkw BgvN-ap-gp-h-s -bpw-ta {]Im-iw -snm-cn-bp- Ibpw {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw Zcn-{Ztcm-Sp-ap A[n-I-amb Icp-X-en\v \sω {]tnm-zn- n- p-ibpw snøp- p. VII. ]cn-ip {XnXzhpw krjvsn-iƒ XΩn-ep _ hpw 238. ]nxm-hmwv k h-xn-s bpw BXy- ni DdhnSw AkvXn-Xz-ap ki-e-xn-s bpw kvt\l- ]q Whpw kzbw-kw-th-z-i-hp-amb ASn-ÿm-\w. BcneqsS F m hkvxp- fpw krjvsn- -s - pthm, Xs {]Xn-^-e-\-amb B ]p{x-, adn-b-øns DZ-c-Øn Dcp-hm-b-t mƒ Xs -Øs Cu `qan-tbmsv tbmpn- n- p. kvt\l-øns A\- -_- -amb ]cn-ip- mflmhv, ]pxnb ]mx-iƒ {]tnm-zn- n- p-ibpw sim ph-cn-ibpw snbvxp-sim v {]]- -Øns t\ lr-zb-øn KmV-ambn k n-ln-x-\m-wv. Hscm sszhn- I-X-Øz-sa- - \n-ebv v {]h Øn- p Cu aq v sszhni Bfp-I-fm temiw krjvsn- -s p; F m Ah-cn-tem-tcm-cp-Øcpw, Xs -Xs hy n-

236 Atßbv v kvxpxn ]-c-amb KpW-{]-Imcw Cu s]mxp-{]-hrøn \n hln- p. XXv^-e-am-bn, ""{]]- sø AXns F m Kmw`o-cy-Ønepw kuμ-cy-ønepw hnkva-b-]q hw a\- \w-sn-øp-tºmƒ, {XnXzsØ apgp-h \mw kvxpxn- Ww.'' 169 239. ss{ikvx-hsc kw_- n- n-s-tøm-fw, {XnssXzI Iq m-bva-bmb GI-ssZ-h-Øn hnizkn- pi F -Xv, {XnXzw AXns ap{z ki-e- kr-jvsn-bnepw ]Xn- n-cn- p p F p \n t±-in- p- p. Fßs\ Hmtcm krjvsnbpw ""sszhw aqh-cmwv F p km ys -Sp-Øp p'' F p ImWphm ]m]-øn\p apºv a\p-jy v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp p F n-sw-hsc hnip s_m\-sh- FØp- p v. ""{]Ir-Xn-]p-kvXIw a\pjy\pap n Xpd ncn p-ibpw \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ AXp-hsc A -Im-cm-hr-X-am-bn- n- m-xn-cn- p-ibpw snbvxt mƒ'' 170 {XnXz-Øns {]Xn-^-e\w {]Ir-Xnbn Xncn- -dn-bm-\m-hp-am-bn-cp- p-. a\p-jy-ism w `mkn-itam Ccp- txm Zp _-etam Bbn-cn- p- n-s - n Ffp w [ym\n- -Ø- -hn[w Hmtcm krjvsnbpw X n Øs khn-ti-j-amb Hcp {XnssXzI LS\ hln- p p F v {^m kn-kvi\mb B hnip- \sω ]Tn- n- p- p. Cu h-gn- v, bmym ysø Hcp {XnssXzI ap K-W-\-tbmsS hmbn- p-hm ]cn-{ian- p-i-sb sh p-hn-fn At±lw \ap p Nq n- m n- Ø-cp- p. 240. sszhni Bfp-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw Dƒt n-cn- p _ -ß-fmWv; sszhni amxr-i-b-\p-k-cn v

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 237 krjvsn- -s temiw _ -ß-fpsS Hcp irwj-ebm-wv. krjvsn-iƒ sszh-øn-te p \oßp p; AXpsIm v, {]]- -Øn-se-ºmSpw ÿnchpw cl-ky-ambn s\bvsx-sp-ø-xp-amb F{X _ -ßƒ thw-sa- nepw \ap p Is -Øm-\m-hpw-hn[w, Hmtcm Pohnbpw a p- -h-bn-te p \oßpi DNn-X-am-Wv. 171 krjvsn- Iƒ n-s-bn \ne-\n p _lp-apj _ -ßƒ t\m n hnkva-bn- p- -Xn-te pam{x-a-, \Ωp-sS- Xs km m-xvim-c-øn-te- p Hcp Xmt m Is -Øp- -Xn-te pw CXp \sω \bn- p- p. sszhhp-ambpw a p- -h-cp-ambpw a p krjvsn-i-fp-ambpw Iq m-bva-bn Pohn- p- -Xn\v Xß-fn \n- p-xs ]pd-s v Aht\m Ahtfm _ -ß-fn-te p {]thin- p p F n-s-tømfw, a\p-jy-hy n IqSp-X hf-cp- p, IqSp-X ]mi-s -Sp- p, IqSp-X hnip- o- I-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- p. Cuhn-[-Øn, Ah krjvsn- -s - -t mƒ sszhw Ah-cn ]Xn {XnssXzI Ne-\m-fl-IX Ah kz -am- p- p. F mw ]c-kv]c-_ n-x-am-wv. {XnXz-Øns cl-ky- Øn \n mhn `-hn p B BtKm-f- sf-iy- Zm Vy-Øns Hcp B[ym-fln-IX hni-kn- n- p- - Xn\v CXp \sω Wn- p p. VIII. kie krjvsnbpssbpw cm n 241. tbip-hnt\msp Icp-X Im- nb AΩ-bmb adnbw Ct mƒ, apdnth Cu temi-tømsv amxrkl-p-amb hm -ey-tøm-ssbpw thz-\-tbm-ssbpw Icp-X Im p- p. AhfpsS ]nf -s lrzbw

238 Atßbv v kvxpxn tbip-hns ac-w-øn hne-]n- -Xp-t]mse Ct mƒ Ahƒ {Iqin-X-cmb Zcn-{Zscbpw a\p-jy-i- n-bm Xcn-»m- -s Cu temi-ønse krjvsn-i-sf-bpw- {]Xn hne-]n- p- p. ]q W-ambn cq]m- -c-s Ahƒ Ct mƒ tbip-hn-t\m-ssmøp Pohn- p-ibpw ki-ekr-jvsn-ifpw Ah-fpsS at\m-lm-cn-xsb- p-dn p ]msp- Ibpw snøp- p. ""kqcys\ DS-bm-S-bm- nb, ]mzßƒ -Sn-bn N{μ\pw inc- n ]{ p \ -{Xßƒs m- p Inco-S-hp-ap ''(shfn. 12:1) kv{xobm- W-hƒ. kz K-Øn-te p kwh-ln- -s Ahƒ kie krjvsn-bpssbpw amxmhpw cm n-bp-am-wv. D n-x-\mb {InkvXp-hn-t\m-sSm-Øv, Ah-fpsS al- Øzo-I-cn- -s ico-c-øn krjvsn-bpss Hcwiw AXns kuμ-cy-øns ]q W-X-bn-se-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. Xs lrz-b-øn Ahƒ tbip-hns Pohn-Xwap-gp-h kq n- p-h- n-cn- p- p (eq m 2:19,51). Ct mƒ kie Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw A w {Kln- p- Ibpw snøp- p. AXp-sIm v m\-øns IÆp- IƒsIm v Cu temisø t\m p-hm \sω {]m]vx-cm- -W-sa v \ap v Ah-tfmSp {]m n- phm Ign-bpw. 242. \k-d-ønse Xncp- p-spw-_-øn Ah-fp-sS-bcnsI hnip tpmk^v \nesim p p. Xs A[zm\-Øn-eq-sSbpw DZm-c-amb km n-[y-øn-eq-ssbpw, At±lw adn-b-tømspw tbip-hn-t\mspw IcpX ImWn- p-ibpw, ZpjvScpsS A{I-a-Øn \n v hos - Sp-Øv CuPn-]vXn-te v B\-bn- p-sim v Ahsc

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 239 kwc- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. kphn-tijw tpmk- ^ns\ Hcp \oxn-am\pw ITn-\m-[zm-\nbpw Icp-Ø-\pambn Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. F m At±lw henb Zbm-hmbv]pw {]I-Sn- n- p- p. AXp Zp _-e-cpss ASbm-f-a-, adn v bym -Øn i cpw bmym ysø- p-dn p ]q W Ah-t_m-[-ap- -hcpw kvt\ln- p-hm\pw hn\o-x-ambn tkh\w-sn-øp-hm\pw k - -cpam-b-h-cpss AS-bm-f-am-Wv. AXp-sIm- mwv At±lsØ km h-{xn-i-k-`-bpss kwc- -I-\mbn {]Jym- ]n- -Xv. Fßs\ Icp-X ImWn- -W-sa v At±-l- Øn\pw \sω ]Tn- n- m-\mhpw; sszhw \ap-t n- p-x Cu temisø kwc- n- p- -Xn HuZmcy-tØmSpw Zbm-hm-bvt]m-Spw-IqSn tpmen-sn-øp-hm At±-l-Øn\p \sω {]tnm-zn- n- m-\m-hpw. IX. kqcy-\p-a- pdw 243. HSp-hn, sszh-øns A\- -ku-μ-cysø \mw apjm-apjw ImWpw (cf. 1 timdn. 13:12); Ah-km- \-an- mø \nd-hn \tωm-sp-iqss ] p-]- p {]]- -Øns c-lkyw BZ-c-thmSpw kt m-j-tøm-spw- IqsS hmbn- p-hm \Ωƒ {]m]vx-cm-ip-ibpw snøpw. Ct mƒø-s bpw \nxy-x-bpss km_-ønte v, ]pxnb Pdp-k-se-an-te v, kz K-Ønse \ΩpsS s]mxp-`-h-\-øn-te v \mw bm{x-sn-bvxp-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. tbip ]d-bp p: ""CXm, ki-ehpw Rm \ho-i-cn- p p'' (sh-fn. 21:5). hnkva-b-øns ] p-h Hc-\p-`-h-am-bn-cn pw \nxy-po-h. AXn

240 Atßbv v kvxpxn `mkp-c-ambn cq]m- -c-s v Hmtcm krjvsnbpw AXns icn-bmb ÿm\w FSp- p-ibpw Ft - pambn hntam-nn- n- -s -Sm-\n-cn- p B Zcn-{Z-cmb kv{xo]p-cp-j- m v NneXp \ Ip-hm D m-bn-cn- p-ibpw snøpw. 244. AXn-\nsS ChnsS ÿnxn-sn-øp F m \ bpw kz Ko-b -hn-cp- n-te v FSp- -s Spw F dn- p-sim- v, \ap v G-ev]n p \ I-s - n-cn- p Cu `h-\-øns DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-w G p -Xn\v \mw Hcp-an p hcp- p. k h-kr-jvsn-i-fp-am-bp sfiy- Øn, sszhsø txsn-s m v Cu tzi-øn-eqss \mw bm{x-sn-øp p; Fs - m, ""temi-øn\v Hcp Bcw`w D m-bn-cn- p-ibpw AXp krjvsn- -s -Sp- Ibpw snbvxn- p-s - n AXn\v BcmWv Cu Bcw`Zm-Xmsh- v, Bcm-bn-cp p AXns {kjvsmsh v \mw At\z-jn- Ww.'' 172 apt m p-t]mip Xnt\msSmØv \ap p ]msmw. \ΩpsS ka-c-ßfpw Cu {Kl-tØm-Sp Icp-Xepw Hcn- epw \ΩpsS {]Xymi-bpsS B\μw FSp-Øp-I-f-bm-Xn-cn- -s. 245. DZm-c-amb {]Xn-_- -X-bn-te pw \ΩpsS k hkzhpw X\n p \ Ip- -Xn-te pw \sω hnfn- p sszhw, \ΩpsS ]mx-bn apt -dp- -Xn-\p-th {]Im-ihpw i nbpw \ap p \ Ip- p. Cu temi- Øns lrz-b-øn, \sω A{X-b-[nIw kvt\ln- p Pohs \my Ft mgpw k n-ln-x-\m-wv. Ahn-Sp p \sω ssihn-sp- n-, Ahn-Sp v Hcn- epw \sω X\nsb hnsp- n ; Fs - m \n -b-ambpw

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 241 \ΩpsS `qan-tbmsv Ahn-Sp p Xs -Øs sfiys -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. apt m v ]pxnb hgn-iƒ Is - Øp- -Xn\v Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lw \nc- cw \sω t{]cn- n- p- p. Atßbv p kvxpxn! * * * * * * 246. Htc-k-abw B\-μ-I-chpw Akzm-ÿy-P-\-Ihp-ambncp Cu kpzo L hnnn- -\-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn, \mw c p {]m -\-Iƒ snm -W-sa v Rm \n t±in- p- p. BZy-tØ-Xv, k h-i nbp {kjvsmhmb sszh-øn hniz-kn- p F m-h-cp-ambpw \ap p ] p-h-bv m-\m-hpw. ASpØXn ss{ikvxh-cmb \mw, tbip-hns kphn-tijw \ap- p-ap- n h n- p krjvsn-tbm-sp {]Xn-_- X Gs -Sp- p- -Xn-\p {]tnm-z\w At]- n- p- p. \ΩpsS `qan- p-th- n-bp {]m \ k hi -\mb sszh-ta, hnizwap-gp-h-\nepw AhnSpsØ krjvsn-i-fn G hpw sndn-b-h-bnepw AhnSp v k n-ln-x-\m-wv. AkvXn-Xz-ap ki-e-xn-s\bpw AhnSp v Bt«jn p- p. AhnSpsØ kvt\l-øns i n Rß-fp-sS-ta snmcn-bwta. Aßs\ Rßƒ Poh\pw kuμ-cyhpw kwc- n- -s. kam-[m-\w-sim p Rßsf \nd-bv Wta; Bscbpw t{zmln- msx ktlm-z-co-k-tlm-z-c- m-cmbn Rßƒ Pohn -s.

242 Atßbv v kvxpxn Hm, Zcn-{Z-cpsS sszh-ta, AhnSpsØ ZrjvSn-bn G hpw Aaq-ey-cmb Cu `qan-bnse Dt]- n- -s - -h-scbpw hnkvar-x-scbpw c n- p-hm Rßsf klm-bn- Wta. Rß-fpsS Pohn-X-ßsf kpj-s -Sp-ØWta, Aßs\ Rßƒ temi-øn-\p-ta NmSn-ho-gmsX AXns\ kwc- n s ; aen-\o-i-c-w-øn\pw \mi-øn\pw ]Icw Rßƒ kuμcyw hnx-bv -s. Zcn-{Z-cp-sSbpw `qan-bp-ssbpw sne-hn t\ w-am{xw t\m p- -h-cpss lrz-b-ßsf kv] in- Wta. Hmtcm hkvxp-hn-s bpw aqeyw Is -Øp-hm, hnkva-bhpw A\p-[ym-\hpwsIm p \nd-bp-hm, AhnSpsØ A\- -{]-Im-i-Øn-te p bm{x snøp-tºmƒ Rßƒ Hmtcm krjvsn-bp-ambpw AKm-[-ambn sfiy-s - n-cn- p p F p Xncn- -dn-bp-hm Rßsf ]Tn- n- Wta. Hmtcm Znh-khpw Rß-tfm-sSm-Øm-bn-cn- p- -Xn\v Rßƒ Atßbv p \μn-]-d-bp- p. \oxn pw kvt\l-øn\pw kam-[m-\-øn-\p-am-bp ka-c-øn, Rßsf t{]m m-ln- n- -W-tasb p Rßƒ {]m n- p- p. krjvsn-i-tfmsp tn v Hcp ss{ikvxh{]m \ ]nxm-th, Aß-bpsS F m krjvsn-i-tfmspw tn v Rßƒ Aßsb kvxpxn- p- p. Ah Aß-bpsS k h-i- -amb Ic-ßfn \n p hcp p; Aß-bpsS km n-[y-ømepw Aß-bpsS Icp-Wm {Z kvt\l-ømepw \nd v Ah Aß-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cn- p- p. Atßbv p kvxpxn!

]cn-ÿn-xn-hn- m-\o-b-]-c-amb hnzym-`ym-khpw Bflo-b-Xbpw 243 sszh-]p{x\mb tbip-th, Aßn-eqsS F m hkvxp- fpw krjvsn- -s - p. Rß-fpsS AΩ-bmb adn-b-øns DZ-c-Øn Aßv Dcp-hm-bn, Aßv Cu `qan-bpss `mk-am-bn, am\p-jni\b-\-ß-tfmss Aßv Cu `qansb ISm- n- p. Aß-bpsS D n-x-amb al-xz-øn C v Hmtcm Pohn-I-fnepw Aßp hkn- p- p. Atßbv p kvxpxn! ]cn-ip- m-flm-th, Aß-bpsS {]Im-i-Øm ]nxm-hns kvt\l-øn-te v Aßv Cu temisø \bn- p p; Cu p-t\m-h-\p-`-hn- p krjvsnsb Aßv A\p-[m-h-\w snøp- p. Aßv Rß-fpsS lrz-b-øn hkn- p-ibpw \ -sn-øp-hm Rßsf {]tnm-zn- n- p-ibpw snøp p. Atßbv p kvxpxn! {XnssXzI \mym, A\- -kvt\-l-øns A p-x-iq- m-bvatb, k hhpw Aß-sb- p-dn p ]dbp- -Xn-\m {]]- -Øns kuμ-cy-øn Aßsb a\-\w-sn-øp-hm Rßsf ]Tn- n- Wta. Aßp krjvsn Hmtcm Pohn-sb-bpw-{]Xn Rß-fn kvxpxnbpw IrX- -Xbpw DW ØWta. Bbn-cn- p F m- n-t\mspw AKm-[-ambn tn n-cn- p-hm\p Ir] Rßƒ p \ IWta. kvt\l-øns sszh-ta, Cu `qan-bnse F m krjvsn-i-tfm-sp-ap Aß-bpsS kvt\l-øns Nmep-Iƒ F \nebv v `qan-bnse Rß-fpsS ÿm\w Rßƒ p ImWn- p-x-cwta;

244 Atßbv v kvxpxn Fs - m Ah-bn-sem- p-t]mepw Aß-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn hnkva-cn- -s Sp n. A[n-Im-chpw ]Whpw D -hsc {]_p -cm- pi; DZm-ko-\-X-bpsS `mhw Ah Dt]- n- -s, s]mxp-\- sb Ah kvt\ln- -s, Zp _-esc A`n-hr- n-s -Sp-Ø-s, Rßƒ Pohn- p Cu temi-tømsv Ah Icp-X Im s. Zcn-{Zcpw `qanbpw \ne-hn-fn- p- p. Hm, \mym, Aß-bpsS i nbpw {]Im-i-hpw-sIm v Rßsf Bt«jn Wta; ka-kvx-po-h-s\bpw kwc- n- p-hm, Aß-bpsS \oxn-bp-ssbpw kam-[m-\-øn-s bpw kvt\l-øn-s bpw kuμ-cy-øn-s bpw cmpy-øns hc-hn-\mbn, sa -s Hcp `mhn- mbn, Hcp-ßp-hm Rßsf klm-bn- Wta. Atßbv p kvxpxn! BtΩ. tdman sk v ]ot -gvkv _kn-en- bn h v, Fs ]c-am-nm-cyxz-øns aq mwh jw, 2015 sabv 24- \v, ] - pkvx Xncp-\m-fn \ I-s - -Xv. {^m kokv am ]m-

245 NOTES 1. Canticle of the Creatures, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 1, New York-London-Manila, 1999, 113-114. 2. Apostolic Letter Octogesima Adveniens (14 May 1971), 21: AAS 63 (1971), 416-417. 3. Address to FAO on the 25th Anniversary of its Institution (16 November 1970), 4: AAS 62 (1970), 833. 4. Encyclical Letter Redemptor Hominis (4 March 1979), 15: AAS 71 (1979), 287. 5. Cf. Catechesis (17 January 2001), 4: Insegnamenti 41/1 (2001), 179. 6. Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 38: AAS 83 (1991), 841. 7. Ibid., 58: AAS 83 (1991), p. 863. 8. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30 December 1987), 34: AAS 80 (1988), 559. 9. Cf. ID., Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 37: AAS 83 (1991), 840. 10. Address to the Diplomatic Corps Accredited to the Holy See (8 January 2007): AAS 99 (2007), 73. 11. Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 51: AAS 101 (2009), 687. 12. Address to the Bundestag, Berlin (22 September 2011): AAS 103 (2011), 664. 13. Address to the Clergy of the Diocese of Bolzano-Bressanone (6 August 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 634. 14. Message for the Day of Prayer for the Protection of Creation (1 September 2012). 15. Address in Santa Barbara, California (8 November 1997); cf. JOHN CHRYSSAVGIS, On Earth as in Heaven: Ecological Vision and Initiatives of Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, Bronx, New York, 2012. 16. Ibid. 17. Lecture at the Monastery of Utstein, Norway (23 June 2003). 18. Global Responsibility and Ecological Sustainability, Closing Remarks, Halki Summit I, Istanbul (20 June 2012).

246 Atßbv v kvxpxn 19. THOMAS OF CELANO, The Life of Saint Francis, I, 29, 81: in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 1, New York-London- Manila, 1999, 251. 20. The Major Legend of Saint Francis, VIII, 6, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 2, New York-London-Manila, 2000, 590. 21. Cf. THOMAS OF CELANO, The Remembrance of the Desire of a Soul, II, 124, 165, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 2, New York-London-Manila, 2000, 354. 22. SOUTHERN AFRICAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS CONFERENCE, Pastoral Statement on the Environmental Crisis (5 September 1999). 23. Cf. Greeting to the Staff of FAO (20 November 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 985. 24. FIFTH GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN BISHOPS, Aparecida Document (29 June 2007), 86. 25. CATHOLIC BISHOPS CONFERENCE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Pastoral Letter What is Happening to our Beautiful Land? (29 January 1988). 26. BOLIVIAN BISHOPS CONFERENCE, Pastoral Letter on the Environment and Human Development in Bolivia El universo, don de Dios para la vida (23 March 2012), 17. 27. Cf. GERMAN BISHOPS CONFERENCE, Commission for Social Issues, Der Klimawandel: Brennpunkt globaler, intergenerationeller und ökologischer Gerechtigkeit (September 2006), 28-30. 28. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 483. 29. Catechesis (5 June 2013): Insegnamenti 1/1 (2013), 280. 30. BISHOPS OF THE PATAGONIA-COMAHUE REGION (ARGENTINA), Christmas Message (December 2009), 2. 31. UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS, Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence and the Common Good (15 June 2001). 32. FIFTH GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN BISHOPS, Aparecida Document (29 June 2007), 471.

Notes 247 33. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (24 November 2013), 56: AAS 105 (2013), 1043. 34. JOHN PAUL II, Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 12: AAS 82 (1990), 154. 35. ID., Catechesis (17 January 2001), 3: Insegnamenti 24/1 (2001), 178. 36. JOHN PAUL II, Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 15: AAS 82 (1990), 156. 37. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 357. 38. Angelus in Osnabrück (Germany) with the disabled, 16 November 1980: Insegnamenti 3/2 (1980), 1232. 39. BENEDICT XVI, Homily for the Solemn Inauguration of the Petrine Ministry (24 April 2005): AAS 97 (2005), 711. 40. Cf. BONAVENTURE, The Major Legend of Saint Francis, VIII, 1, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, vol. 2, New York-London- Manila, 2000, 586. 41. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2416. 42. GERMAN BISHOPS CONFERENCE, Zukunft der Schöpfung Zukunft der Menschheit. Einklärung der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz zu Fragen der Umwelt und der Energieversorgung, (1980), II, 2. 43. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 339. 44. Hom. in Hexaemeron, I, 2, 10: PG 29, 9. 45. The Divine Comedy, Paradiso, Canto XXXIII, 145. 46. BENEDICT XVI, Catechesis (9 November 2005), 3: Insegnamenti 1 (2005), 768. 47. ID., Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 51: AAS 101 (2009), 687. 48. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (24 April 1991), 6: Insegnamenti 14 (1991), 856. 49. The Catechism explains that God wished to create a world which is journeying towards its ultimate perfection, and that this implies the presence of imperfection and physical evil; cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 310. 50. Cf. SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 36. 51. THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologiae, I, q. 104, art. 1 ad 4.

248 Atßbv v kvxpxn 52. ID., In octo libros Physicorum Aristotelis expositio, Lib. II, lectio 14. 53. Against this horizon we can set the contribution of Fr Teilhard de Chardin; cf. PAUL VI, Address in a Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant (24 February 1966): Insegnamenti 4 (1966), 992-993; JOHN PAUL II, Letter to the Reverend George Coyne(1 June 1988): Insegnamenti 11/2 (1988), 1715; BENEDICT XVI, Homily for the Celebration of Vespers in Aosta (24 July 2009):Insegnamenti 5/2 (2009), 60. 54. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (30 January 2002),6: Insegnamenti 25/ 1 (2002), 140. 55. CANADIAN CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS COMMISSION, Pastoral Letter You Love All that Exists All Things are Yours, God, Lover of Life (4 October 2003), 1. 56. CATHOLIC BISHOPS CONFERENCE OF JAPAN, Reverence for Life. A Message for the Twenty-First Century (1 January 2000), 89. 57. JOHN PAUL II, Catechesis (26 January 2000), 5: Insegnamenti 23/ 1 (2000), 123. 58. ID., Catechesis (2 August 2000), 3: Insegnamenti 23/2 (2000), 112. 59. PAUL RICOEUR, Philosophie de la Volonté, t. II: Finitude et Culpabilité, Paris, 2009, 216. 60. Summa Theologiae, I, q. 47, art. 1. 61. Ibid. 62. Cf. ibid., art. 2, ad 1; art. 3. 63. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 340. 64. Canticle of the Creatures, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, New York-London-Manila, 1999, 113-114. 65. Cf. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE BISHOPS OF BRAZIL, A Igreja e a Questão Ecológica, 1992, 53-54. 66. Ibid., 61. 67. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (24 November 2013), 215: AAS 105 (2013), 1109. 68. Cf. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 14: AAS 101 (2009), 650.

Notes 249 69. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2418. 70. CONFERENCE OF DOMINICAN BISHOPS, Pastoral Letter Sobre la relación del hombre con la naturaleza (21 January 1987). 71. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens (14 September 1981), 19: AAS 73 (1981), 626. 72. Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 31: AAS 83 (1991), 831. 73. Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30 December 1987), 33: AAS 80 (1988), 557. 74. Address to Indigenous and Rural People, Cuilapán, Mexico (29 January 1979), 6: AAS 71 (1979), 209. 75. Homily at Mass for Farmers, Recife, Brazil (7 July 1980): AAS 72 (1980): AAS 72 (1980), 926. 76. Cf. Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 8: AAS 82 (1990), 152. 77. PARAGUAYAN BISHOPS CONFERENCE, Pastoral Letter El campesino paraguayo y la tierra (12 June 1983), 2, 4, d. 78. NEW ZEALAND CATHOLIC BISHOPS CONFERENCE, Statement on Environmental Issues (1 September 2006). 79. Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens (14 September 1981), 27: AAS 73 (1981), 645. 80. Hence Saint Justin could speak of seeds of the Word in the world; cf. II Apologia 8, 1-2; 13, 3-6: PG 6, 457-458, 467. 81. JOHN PAUL II, Address to Scientists and Representatives of the United Nations University, Hiroshima (25 February 1981), 3: AAS 73 (1981), 422. 82. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 69: AAS 101 (2009), 702. 83. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 9th ed., Würzburg, 1965, 87 (English: The End of the Modern World, Wilmington, 1998, 82). 84. Ibid. 85. Ibid., 87-88 (The End of the Modern World, 83). 86. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 462. 87. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 63-64 (The End of the Modern World, 56).

250 Atßbv v kvxpxn 88. Ibid., 64 (The End of the Modern World, 56). 89. Cf. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 35: AAS 101 (2009), 671. 90. Ibid., 22: p. 657. 91. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (24 November 2013), 231: AAS 105 (2013), 1114. 92. ROMANO GUARDINI, Das Ende der Neuzeit, 63 (The End of the Modern World, 55). 93. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 38: AAS 83 (1991), 841. 94. Cf. Love for Creation. An Asian Response to the Ecological Crisis, Declaration of the Colloquium sponsored by the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (Tagatay, 31 January-5 February 1993), 3.3.2. 95. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 37: AAS 83 (1991), 840. 96. BENEDICT XVI, Message for the 2010 World Day of Peace, 2: AAS 102 (2010), 41. 97. ID., Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 28: AAS 101 (2009), 663. 98. Cf. VINCENT OF LERINS, Commonitorium Primum, ch. 23: PL 50, 688: Ut annis scilicet consolidetur, dilatetur tempore, sublimetur aetate. 99. No. 80: AAS 105 (2013), 1053. 100. SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 63. 101. Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 37: AAS 83 (1991), 840. 102. PAUL VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio (26 March 1967), 34: AAS 59 (1967), 274. 103. BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), 32: AAS 101 (2009), 666. 104. Ibid. 105. Ibid. 106. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2417. 107. Ibid., 2418.