Einführung in die Photonik II ab 16.April 2012, Mo 11:00-12:30 Uhr SR 218
Lectures Monday, 11:00 Uhr, room 224 Frank Cichos Molecular Nanophotonics Room 322 Tel.: 97 32571 cichos@physik.uni-leipzig.de
Seminars - Lab Course Romy Schachoff Molecular Nanophotonics room 324 Tel.: 97 32570 Experimental: 1. Photon Anibunching - 2S 2. Back-Focal-Plane Imaging - 2S 3. Photothermal Correlation Spectroscopy - 2S 4. Surprise - 1S raduenz@physik.uni-chemnitz.de
literature Fundamentals of Photonics, Saleh/Teich Optics, Hecht Klassische Elektrodynamik, Jackson Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, Mandel/Wolf Laserspektroskopie, Demtröder Nonlinear Optics, Bloembergen +++ http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu http://www.microscopyu.com
illustrated contents of the lectures
illustrated contents of the course 4. detection of photons 4.1 advanced optical microscopy 4.1.1 wide field microscopy 4.1.2 confocal microscopy 4.1.3 photothermal microscopy 4.1.4 STED microscopy below the diffraction limit 4.1.5 PALM/STORM detection techniques for super-resolution 4.2 principles of single molecule detection 4.2.1 dye molecules and optical properties 4.2.2 energy transfer 4.2.3 fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
patented 1957 first page of the patent (Marvin Minsky) photo of the first confocal microscope
STED - stimulated emission depletion point spread function engineering http://www.mpibpc.gwdg.de/abteilungen/200/
photothermal detection cold zf hot
Single Molecule Emission Properties absorption vibrational levels excited state 0-2 0-1 0-0 wavelength 0-0 emission ground state 0-2 0-1 0-0 wavelength vibrational coordinate nuclear coordinates stay largely unchanged
Counts [1/100ms] Single Molecule Emission Properties absorption vibrational levels excited state 0-2 0-1 0-0 wavelength 0-0 emission ground state 0-2 0-1 0-0 wavelength vibrational coordinate nuclear coordinates stay largely unchanged 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Time [s]
Einzelbilder
Summenbild
Superauflösungsbild
Superauflösung - STORM Nature Methods 6, 17 (2009).
illustrated contents of the course 5. photonic building blocks 5.1 semiconductor nanocrystals 5.2 plasmons und metal nanostructures 5.3 photonic crystals 5.4. fluids optics
semiconductor nanocrystals a few nanometers CdSe/ZnS ~6 nm ~1.5 nm
semiconductor nanocrystals fluorescent markers multi-color staining of different organelles in living cells in-vivo observation of tumors narrow emission spectra allow multicolor experiments tuning to tissue extinction minimum
quantum dot composite materials, lasers nice looking materials quantum dot lasers tunability, narrow emission, photostability
plasmon and metal nanostructures light scattering on metal nanostructures colloidal Ag particles colloidal Au particles metal nanorods (Ag, Au, Ni) composite metal nanorods
single particle scattering Au, R=30 nm in silicone experiment calculation experiment calculation NA d =0.8 NA d =0.8 z p z p =0 z p =0 zx zy zx zy zx zy zx zy
coupling of small metal particles electric field + + + + + - - - - - Atwater group at Caltech Maier et al., Nature Materials 2, 229 (2003). 1 2m 300 nm
photonic antenna s
photonic structures as heat sources 4 10 µm 6 8 10 12 distance [µm] 14
a crystal for electrons crystalline conductor ~5 Å Coulomb potential lets charges interact + + + + - + + + + - + + + + + + + + GaAs: lattice constant 5.65 Å, mean free path 340 Å!
photonic crystals - a crystals for photons periodic arrangements of dielectric units refractive index is the potential for photons d d ~ optical wavelength
infinite possibilities Eli Yablonovich: Unlike lattices of atoms, photonic crystals have structural possibilities limited only by the human imagination S. Y. Lin et al., Nature 394, 251 (1998) O. Toader and S. John, Science 292, 1133 (2001)
simple photonic crystal 300 nm plastic beads M. Barth, POM Lab
simple photonic crystal 300 nm plastic beads M. Barth, POM Lab
simple photonic crystal 300 nm plastic beads M. Barth, POM Lab
a) 40 b) = 575 nm 1.4 angle [ ] 20 0-20 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 max 60 40 20 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2-40 550 600 650 700 wavelength [nm] c) = 560 nm d) = 560 nm 60 40 20 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 60 40 20 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 max max
animated band structure
negative refraction imaging with negative refraction no resolution limit negative index material
the way to optical microchips sharp corner / 97% transmission 2d-3d sandwich design 3d crystal slab 2d crystal slab coupling to a microresonator 3d crystal slab cavity A. Chutinan et al. PRL 90 (2003) 123901.
fluidic optics liquid microlens array focused light of a liquid microlens array
fluidic optics a fluidic dye laser hυ n 1 n 2 n1 hυ b Flow direction e 300 µm 150 µm 150 µm c f d g