AP Biology Exam #7 (PRACTICE) Subunit #7: Diversity of Life Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the best answer then bubble your answer on your scantron sheet. 1. Armadillos and spiny anteaters are not related. Yet both have long snouts, long and sticky tongues, and long sharp claws to dig ants out of their nests. The best possible explanation for these similarities is (A) adaptive radiation (B) convergent evolution (C) repetitive evolution (D) coevolution (E) homologous evolution 2. Dogs and wolves in captivity readily produce hybrid pups. Which barrier to speciation have humans most likely broken down (A) geographic isolation (B) mechanical isolation (C) infertility (D) hybrid inviability (E) hybrid vigor 3. The chart below shows the ingroup and outgroup analysis considering four traits and four organisms. Ingroup/Outgroup Table Organism Trait I Trait II Trait III Trait IV I 0 0 0 0 II 0 1 0 0 III 0 1 1 0 IV 1 1 1 1 Which of the following cladograms best represents the relationships between the four organisms? (NOTE: FIGURE WAS MISTAKENLY LEFT OUT OF PRACTICE EXAM) ANSWER IS A
Questions 4-5: Several new organisms have been discovered. Match the description of the organisms with the kingdom. Each choice may be used more than once or not at all. (A) Animalia (B) Fungi (C) Monera (D) Plantae (E) Protista 4. The organism is multicellular and heterotrophic, has cell walls and reproduces by means of spores. B 5. This organism is unicellular, green in color, and has no cytoskeleton. It has one circular chromosome, not enclosed in a nuclear membrane. E 1. Using the dichotomous key below, to which of the following does this bird foot belong (marked by the arrow)? (NOTE: FIGURE WAS MISTAKENLY LEFT OUT OF PRACTICE EXAM) ANSWER IS A 1. a. foot webbed Bird (A) b. foot not webbed 2 2. a. all toes in front 3 b. 3 toes in front, one in back 4 3. a. strong hook-like claws Bird (B) b. delicate leg, grasping feet Bird (C) 4. a. slender leg, pointed claws Bird (D) b. thick curved claws, adapted for scratching Bird (E)
7. Using the dichotomous key provided, identify the illustrated tree species. (NOTE: FIGURE WAS MISTAKENLY LEFT OUT OF PRACTICE EXAM) ANSWER IS E 1. a. needles occurring singly 2 b. needles occurring in bunches along 4 the branches 2. a. needles blunt, flat Tree species (A) b. needles sharp 3 3. a. needles in whorls of 3 or Tree species (B) in opposing pairs b. needles not in whorls of 3 or Tree species (C) in opposing pairs 4. a. needles in clusters of 5 Tree species (D) b. needles in clusters of 3 Tree species (E) Questions 8-10: Use each of the following descriptions to identify the labeled structure in the diagram as shown. Each structure may be used more than once or not at all. 8. The capsid. Know this viral structure 9. Recognition glycoproteins derived from both the host cell and the parent virus. Know this viral structure 10. The viral genome. Know this viral structure 11. Which of the following reactions occurring inside an infected host cell requires the action of reverse transcriptase? (A) DNA DNA (B) RNA RNA (C) DNA RNA
(D) RNA DNA (E) DNA RNA protein 12. Which of the following may be the result of a lytic-cycle of virus infection? (A) New viruses are assembled. (B) Viral DNA is integrated into the host genome. (C) Daughter cells will contain segments of the viral DNA. (D) Host cells may become cancerous. (E) New host cells with altered phenotypes are produced. 13. Which of the following determine the branch points on a cladogram like the one pictured on page #1 of this exam? (A) derived traits unique to the lineage that arises at that point (B) the relative time since evolution from a common ancestor (C) observable traits whether they are analogous or homologous (D) all of the above (E) none of the above 14. In the biological species concept of Ernst Mayer, what aspect of a population is critical to determining a species? (A) physical appearance (B) similar behavior patterns (C) interbreeding capabilities (D) polyploidy (E) similar genotypes 15. Complete reproductive isolation can lead ultimately to (A) extinction (B) speciation (C) polyploidy (D) hybridization (E) gene flow 16. Which of the following will NOT promote speciation? (A) gamete differences (B) gene flow (C) season of fertility (D) natural selection (E) genetic drift 17. Speciation occurs (A) after populations become reproductively isolated and diverge genetically. (B) when mutations generate observable differences. (C) when transitional forms develop between different populations. (D) when natural selection pressures reach their maximum. (E) when humans intervene and establish new breeds. 18. Linnaeus may have used all but which of the following to assign names and categories to organisms? (A) anatomy
(B) behavior (C) DNA-DNA hybridization (D) physiology (E) ecology 19. Which of the following groups represents the most closely related organisms? (A) kingdoms (B) species (C) orders (D) genera (E) taxa 20. Which of the following includes all the others? (A) family (B) phylum (C) species (D) class (E) order 21. Technically speaking, a cladogram conveys (A) portrayals of relative evolutionary relationships. (B) lines of descendants. (C) a tree of ancestors. (D) all of the above (E) none of the above. 22. Bacteria can obtain their nutrition by (A) photosynthesis. (B) chemosynthesis. (C) heterotrophy. (D) both a and b. (E) both a, b, and c. 23. Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of bacteria? (A) Some may be completely naked. (B) Some may have hairlike structures called pili. (C) Some may have rigid cell walls. (D) Some may have flagella and move about. (E) Some may have a polysaccharide covering. 24. In what way does prokaryotic fission resemble eukaryotic mitosis? (A) movement of chromosomes (B) genetically identical daughter cells (C) intracellular mechanisms (D) b and c only (E) a, b, and c 25. Which of the following does NOT belong to the protist kingdom? (A) bacteria
(B) protozoans (C) chrysophytes (D) dinoflagellates (E) euglenoids 26. The simplest of the eukaryotes are the (A) protistans. (B) plants. (C) fungi. (D) animals. (E) both a and c 27. The value of fungi in the scheme of nature is described by which of the following statements? (A) Fungi fix nitrogen from the air for use by plants. (B) Fungi trap sunlight energy in carbohydrates. (C) Fungi release elements from organic matter through decomposition. (D) Fungi suppress population explosions by parasitizing overproductive animals. (E) Fungi can do any of the above, depending on the species and environment. 28. All fungi are (A) unicellular. (B) multicellular. (C) autotrophic. (D) heterotrophic. (E) none of the above. 29. In what way do fungi reproduce? (A) asexually, through spores (actually asexual via budding (i.e. yeast)) (B) budding of the parent body (C) sexually, through gametes (actually sexually via spores) (D) both a and b (E) a, b, and c 30. A lichen is a composite organism made up of (A) two different fungi (B) a fungus and an alga (C) a fungus and a gymnosperm (D) a fungus and a bryophyte (E) none of the above