SOLENT TRANSPORT LOW EMISSION BUS SCHEME APPENDICES

SOLENT TRANSPORT LOW EMISSION BUS SCHEME APPENDICES 1. Letters of Support, including funding contributions 2. Route Mileage and Emissions Savings Calculations 3. SHBOA Environmental Policy 4. Summary of Vehicle Prices and Emissions Savings 5. Procurement Strategy 6. Governance Chart 7. Maps of AQMAs and bus routes 8. Project Risk Register 9. Summary of calculations used to develop emissions-savings figures in the bid 10. Letter from ADL to operators 11. Bus Operators Operating Licences

APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 2

Trips per day within AQMA Service Route Trips per day (based on Mon - Fri average) SCC 4 SCC 5 SCC 6 PCC 6 (Kingston Rd) PCC7 (Cambridge Rd) PCC 11 (A3) PCC 12 (Queen St) Totton EBC (Southampton Rd) FBC (Portland St) FBC (Newgate Ln) Bluestar 2 Bluestar 8 Bluestar 9 Bluestar 11 Bluestar 12 First 3 First Eclipse 1 First Eclipse 2 First Star 7 First Star 8 Southampton, Hanover Buildings - Sandy Lane / Victena Road 41 41 Sandy Lane / Victena Road - Southampton, Hanover Buildings 41 41 Southampton, West Quay - Calshot Beach 11 11 11 Calshot Beach - Southampton, West Quay 11 11 11 Southampton, West Quay - Hythe, Ferry Terminal 11 11 11 Hythe, Ferry Terminal - Southampton, West Quay 11 11 11 Southampton, West Quay - Langley Farm 24 24 24 Langley Farm - Southampton, West Quay 24 24 24 Southampton, West Quay - Fawley Square 15 15 15 Fawley Square - Southampton, West Quay 17 17 17 Southampton, West Quay - West Totton, Michigan Way 76 76 76 West Totton, Michigan Way - Southampton, West Quay 76 76 76 Southampton, West Quay - Calmore, Blackwater Drive 76 76 76 Calmore, Blackwater Drive - Southampton, West Quay 76 76 76 Thornhill - Lordswood 113 113 113 Lordswood - Thornhill 113 113 113 Fareham - Gosport 77 74 3 Gosport - Fareham 79 75 4 Fareham - Gosport 75 73 2 Gosport - Fareham 75 73 2 Portsmouth (Southsea) - Waterlooville 95 95 95 95 Waterlooville - Portsmouth (Southsea) 100 100 100 100 Portsmouth (Gunwarf Quays) - Clanfield 56 56 56 Clanfield - Portsmouth (Gunwarf Quays) 58 58 58

Mileage within AQMA per tip Service Bluestar 2 Bluestar 8 Bluestar 9 Bluestar 11 Bluestar 12 First 3 First Eclipse 1 First Eclipse 2 First Star 7 First Star 8 Route Route Millage SCC 4 SCC 5 SCC 6 PCC 6 (Kingston Rd) PCC7 (Cambridge Rd) PCC 11 (A3) PCC 12 (Queen St) Southampton, Hanover Buildings - Sandy Lane / Victena Road 10.78 0.6 Sandy Lane / Victena Road - Southampton, Hanover Buildings 12.11 0.6 Southampton, West Quay - Calshot Beach 22.22 2.0 0.5 Calshot Beach - Southampton, West Quay 14.71 2.0 0.5 Southampton, West Quay - Hythe, Ferry Terminal 15.00 2.0 0.5 Hythe, Ferry Terminal - Southampton, West Quay 22.41 2.0 0.5 Southampton, West Quay - Langley Farm 18.95 2.0 0.5 Langley Farm - Southampton, West Quay 19.93 2.0 0.5 Southampton, West Quay - Fawley Square 19.31 2.0 0.5 Fawley Square - Southampton, West Quay 20.06 2.0 0.5 Southampton, West Quay - West Totton, Michigan Way 5.74 2.0 West Totton, Michigan Way - Southampton, West Quay 7.49 2.0 Southampton, West Quay - Calmore, Blackwater Drive 6.12 2.0 Calmore, Blackwater Drive - Southampton, West Quay 7.48 2.0 Thornhill - Lordswood 10.80 0.5 0.1 Lordswood - Thornhill 10.48 0.5 0.1 Totton EBC (Southampton Rd) FBC (Portland St) Fareham - Gosport 7.59 0.0 0.2 Gosport - Fareham 8.30 0.0 0.2 Fareham - Gosport 8.45 0.0 0.2 Gosport - Fareham 7.34 0.0 0.2 Portsmouth (Southsea) - Waterlooville 13.88 1.0 0.4 0.1 Waterlooville - Portsmouth (Southsea) 13.67 1.0 0.4 0.1 Portsmouth (Gunwarf Quays) - Clanfield 13.15 0.7 0.4 Clanfield - Portsmouth (Gunwarf Quays) 12.87 0.7 0.4 FBC (Newgate Lane)

Service Route Route KM Bluestar 2 Bluestar 8 Bluestar 9 Bluestar 11 Bluestar 12 First 3 First Eclipse 1 First Eclipse 2 First Star 7 First Star 8 SCC 4 SCC 5 SCC 6 PCC 6 (Kingston Rd) PCC7 (Cambridge Rd) KM within AQMA per tip PCC 11 (A3) PCC 12 (Queen St) Totton EBC (Southampton Rd) FBC (Portland St) Southampton, Hanover Buildings - Sandy Lane / Victena Road 17.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.00 Sandy Lane / Victena Road - Southampton, Hanover Buildings 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.00 Southampton, West Quay - Calshot Beach 35.77 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calshot Beach - Southampton, West Quay 23.68 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Southampton, West Quay - Hythe, Ferry Terminal 24.15 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hythe, Ferry Terminal - Southampton, West Quay 36.08 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Southampton, West Quay - Langley Farm 30.51 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Langley Farm - Southampton, West Quay 32.09 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Southampton, West Quay - Fawley Square 31.09 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fawley Square - Southampton, West Quay 32.30 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 Southampton, West Quay - West Totton, Michigan Way 9.24 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 West Totton, Michigan Way - Southampton, West Quay 12.06 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Southampton, West Quay - Calmore, Blackwater Drive 9.85 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calmore, Blackwater Drive - Southampton, West Quay 12.04 0.00 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Thornhill - Lordswood 17.39 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lordswood - Thornhill 16.87 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fareham - Gosport 12.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.32 Gosport - Fareham 13.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.32 Fareham - Gosport 13.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.32 Gosport - Fareham 11.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.32 SPP - Blackbird Close 22.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.64 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Blackbird Close - SPP 22.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.64 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 The Hard - Drift Road Shops 21.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Drift Road Shops - The Hard 20.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FBC (Newgate Lane)

KM within AQMA per day (based on average weekday) Service Route KM SCC 4 SCC 5 SCC 6 PCC 6 (Kingston Rd) PCC7 (Cambridge Rd) PCC 11 (A3) PCC 12 (Queen St) Totton EBC (Southampton Rd) FBC (Portland St) FBC (Newgate Lane) TOTAL Bluestar 2 1510.97 79.21 79.21 Bluestar 8 1316.56 141.68 35.42 177.10 Bluestar 9 2517.70 257.60 64.40 322.00 Bluestar 11 1618.82 489.44 489.44 Bluestar 12 1664.10 489.44 489.44 First 3 3871.47 181.93 36.39 218.32 First Eclipse 1 1996.61 2.40 2.25 4.65 First Eclipse 2 1906.64 2.35 1.29 3.64 First Star 7 4323.82 313.95 125.58 31.40 470.93 First Star 8 2387.40 128.48 73.42 201.89 TOTAL 23114.09 181.93 1378.16 36.39 313.95 125.58 159.87 73.42 99.82 79.21 4.75 3.54 2456.62

Service Vehicle Type g/km Route Bluestar 2 Bluestar 8 Bluestar 9 Bluestar 11 Bluestar 12 First 3 First Eclipse 1 First Eclipse 2 First Star 7 First Star 8 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Double Deck 490.00 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Single Deck 370.00 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 Emssion Savings (Co2e) per day (based on average weekday Mon-Fri) SCC 4 SCC 5 SCC 6 PCC 6 (Kingston Rd) PCC 7 (Cambridge Rd) PCC 11 (A3) PCC 12 (Queen St) Totton EBC (Southampton Rd) FBC (Portland St) FBC (Newgate Lane) 348678 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19407 0 0 391697 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19407 0 0 145601 0 13105 0 0 0 0 0 3276 0 0 0 96390 0 13105 0 0 0 0 0 3276 0 0 0 98291 0 13105 0 0 0 0 0 3276 0 0 0 146846 0 13105 0 0 0 0 0 3276 0 0 0 270924 0 28594 0 0 0 0 0 7148 0 0 0 284935 0 28594 0 0 0 0 0 7148 0 0 0 172545 0 17871 0 0 0 0 0 4468 0 0 0 203146 0 20254 0 0 0 0 0 5063 0 0 0 259868 0 90546 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 339096 0 90546 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 277072 0 90546 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 338644 0 90546 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 726992 33657 0 6731 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705452 33657 0 6731 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 348145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 441 357 390600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 447 477 377525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 238 327933 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 238 785490 0 0 0 56592 22637 5659 0 0 0 0 0 814322 0 0 0 59570 23828 5957 0 0 0 0 0 438673 0 0 0 0 0 23351 13344 0 0 0 0 444666 0 0 0 0 0 24185 13820 0 0 0 0

Emssion Savings (Co2e) per day (based on average weekday Mon-Fri) Service Vehicle Type g/km Route SCC 4 SCC 5 SCC 6 PCC 6 (Kingston Rd) PCC 7 (Cambridge Rd) PCC 11 (A3) PCC 12 (Queen St) Totton EBC (Southampton Rd) FBC (Portland St) FBC (Newgate Lane) Bluestar 2 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Double Deck 490.00 740,375 38,814 Bluestar 8 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 487,128 52,422 13,105 Bluestar 9 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 931,550 95,312 23,828 Bluestar 11 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 598,964 181,093 Bluestar 12 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 615,716 181,093 First 3 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 1,432,444 67,314 13,463 First Eclipse 1 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 738,745 888 834 First Eclipse 2 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 705,458 870 477 First Star 7 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 1,599,812 116,162 46,465 11,616 First Star 8 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370.00 883,340 47,537 27,164 Total 8,733,531 67,314 509,919 13,463 116,162 46,465 59,153 27,164 36,933 38,814 1,757 1,311

APPENDIX 3

SOUTH HAMPSHIRE BUS OPERATORS' ASSOCIATION Environmental Policy 1. SHBOA recognises the importance of responsible environmental policies, and encourages its members to develop a good understanding of their environmental footprint. It is also keen to work in partnership with all organisations within the Region which are committed to reducing adverse environmental impacts from the provision of transport. 2. SHBOA notes that greater use of public transport in preference to motorised private modes can itself be a very significant contributor to reducing damaging transport impacts on the environment, and therefore believes that promoting modal shift must be one of the key tactics used by all concerned parties, including local authorities, throughout the Region 3. Whilst it is self evidently a matter of universal concern and importance, SHBOA recognises the particular significance of environmental issues to the Region. There are a number of important areas on the east which are under threat from flooding as a consequence of climate change with potential serious economic and social consequences. In addition, an important part of the appeal of the Region to both visitors and investors is the freshness of its maritime climate, and for this to be preserved into the future, effective ways must be found to allow economic growth to take place without causing environmental damage. 4. SHBOA notes the work undertaken by its Local Authority partners to measure the levels of pollution throughout the Region, and is conscious that many of the 29 AQMAs identified by them lie on bus routes. As part of its partnership with Solent Transport, SHBOA will encourage its member operators to assist in the reduction of pollution in these key areas by deploying (as far as possible) vehicles from its fleets with the best emissions ratings on services which operate through AQMAs 5. All the member operators of SHBOA have programmes of bus fleet modernisation, and very significant progress has been made in reducing the level of emissions from buses in recent years. Member operators invested over 33 million in new vehicles with improved emissions characteristics between 2012 and 2015. They have also invested in partnership ventures with local authorities and Solent Transport to improve the emissions through the retro-fitment of new technology solutions to a further 106 older vehicles. 6. SHBOA will support any of its members which wishes to apply for grant funding either directly or on a partnership basis to improve the emissions characteristics of its fleet, and specifically for funding available under the Low Emission Bus Scheme operated by the Office for Low Emission Vehicles. October 2015

APPENDIX 4

Alexander Dennis Ltd (Information Supplied to Go Ahead) Type Predicted CO2e Saving (g/km) Zero Emission Range (km) LEB Result Available Delivery From Price Gap Base Grant to maximum 75% = 175gCO2e/k m+ 15k Top Up Grant for ZE to maximum 30k = 1k/km+5K Total Grant Available to maximum 90% Standard 11.8m Euro 6 Single deck 0 155,601 Standard 10.9m Euro 6 Double deck 0 199,000 Smart Single Deck 321 0 Sep-15 Q4 2015 (Oct) 155,601 8,900 5,175 0 5,175 75% Double Deck 397 0 Sep-15 Q4 2015 (Nov) 199,000 8,900 5,175 0 5,175 75% 0 0 Gyrodrive Single Deck 261 0 Q3 2016 (July) 155,601 49,000 36,750 0 36,750 75% Double Deck 406 0 Q1 2017 (Feb) 199,000 49,000 36,750 0 36,750 75% Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370 0 Q3 2016 (July) 155,601 57,900 43,425 0 43,425 75% Double Deck 490 0 Q1 2017 (Feb) 199,000 57,900 43,425 0 43,425 75% BAE Series Hybrid Double Deck 354 0 Now 199,000 100,000 75,000 0 75,000 75% Virtual Electric (on route charging) Double Deck 502 >30 Q1 2016 (Jan) 199,000 260,000 102,850 30,000 132,850 51% Full Electric (delta from 11.8m 6 cyl diesel) Single Deck 710.5 260 Q2 2016 Q3 2016 (Aug) 155,601 154,000 115,500 30,000 138,600 90% IPT Inductive 100kW charge plate 130,000 Siemens in garage 40kw charger 27,500 BYD garage charger FOC Civil engineering costs for installations SSE survey Enviro 200 pricing for all lengths based on Euro 6 engine 8.9m E200 137,709 available with Smart,Gyrodrive 9.6M E200 140,709 available with Smart, Gyrodrive 10.8M E200 144,209 available with Smart and Full BYD Electric, Gyrodrive 11.5M E200 145,601 available with Smart, Gyrodrive 11.8M E200 155,601 Available with Smart, Gyrodrive, Euro 6 Engine 6 Cylinder and Full BYD Electric 10.9M E400 199,000 Available with Smart Euro 6 Engine 6 cylinder, BAE Hybrid Euro 6 4 Cylinder, Virtual Electric Euro 6 4 Cylinder Wright (Information Supplied to First) Type Predicted CO2e Saving (g/km) Zero Emission Range (km) LEB Result Available Delivery From Price Gap Base Grant to maximum 75% = 175gCO2e/k m+ 15k Top Up Grant for ZE to maximum 30k = 1k/km+5K Total Grant Available to maximum 90% Standard Streetlite Max Single deck 0 173,000 Streetlite Max Flywheel, Stop-Start, Micro-hybrid Single deck 365 0 210,000 37,000 27,750-27,750 75% Maximum calculated Grant % Maximum calculated Grant % Alexander Dennis Ltd (Information Supplied to First) Type Predicted CO2e Saving (g/km) Zero Emission Range (km) LEB Result Available Delivery From Price Gap Base Grant to maximum 75% = 175gCO2e/k m+ 15k Top Up Grant for ZE to maximum 30k = 1k/km+5K Total Grant Available to maximum 90% Standard 11.8m Euro 6 Single deck 0 158,000 Gyrodrive (inc. smart Accessories) Single Deck 370 0 Q3 2016 (July) 215,000 57,000 42,750 0 42,750 75% Maximum calculated Grant %

APPENDIX 5

Low Emission Bus Scheme Solent Transport Procurement Strategy Should the bid be successful, the following process would be followed to enable the purchase of the low-emission vehicles. 1. Obtain final Low Emission Bus Certificates from bus manufacturers 2. Agree final price in writing between manufacturers and operators for vehicles, including the differential between low-emission bus and its standard diesel equivalent. 3. Confirm emissions and price data with DfT. 4. Develop and sign Deed of Grant between Hampshire County Council (as Financial Authority for Solent Transport) and each operator. This is likely to include points around: The funding is limited to the award sum allocated by DfT No further funding available from DfT or Solent Transport Funding will only be released once order placed with manufacturer Vehicles to operate on the stated bus corridors for a minimum of five years a financial claw back clause would form part of the Deed should operators transfer vehicles away from the designated corridors. 5. Operator places order with manufacturer and provides evidence to Solent Transport 6. Solent Transport submits evidenced claim to DfT 7. DfT transfers appropriate grant funding relating to vehicle order to Solent Transport. 8. Solent Transport raises order to operator. Operator sends invoice to Solent Transport and the invoice is paid. 9. Vehicles delivered. 10. On-going monitoring of vehicles by operators and Solent Transport with specified reporting procedures in place, e.g. regular reports to Solent Transport Joint Committee and Solent Transport Strategy Working Group.

APPENDIX 6

APPENDIX 7

APPENDIX 8

Solent Transport Low Emission Bus Scheme: Risk Register Risk Identification Risk Number Date Identified 1 01/10/15 Bus Operators 2 01/10/15 3 01/10/15 4 01/10/15 Risk Management Workstream Responsibility Ownership Title Description Bus Operators, Manufacturers Bus Operators, Manufacturers, Solent Transport Bus Operators and manufacturers Andrew Wilson PM, Marc Reddy, Andrew Wickham Andrew Wilson PM, Marc Reddy, Andrew Wickham Andrew Wilson PM, Marc Reddy, Andrew Wickham Marc Reddy, Andrew Wickham New Vehicle Orders Vehicle Supply Vehicle Price Increases Failure by operators to order new vehicles as per agreed timescale Failure of manufacturers to be able to deliver the vehicles to market within the agreed timescales Manufacturers are unable to supply vehicles at the agreed prices New technology on the buses leads to Bus unreliability unreliability of service to customers - upon introduction break downs etc. Status Open / Closed Open Open Open Open Mitigation Strategy / Progress Liaise with the operator and SHBOA to develop an alternative proposal that would achieve the same emissions savings. Put forward proposal to DfT. If this process is unsuccessful, grant funding for a particular batch of vehicles would not be claimed. Regular monitoring and liaison of manufacturers progress by bus operating companies. Standing item on the agenda at Solent Strategy Working Group and Senior Management Board. Begin to consider alternative delivery strategies should the timescales not be met. Deed of Grant signed between Solent Transport and individual operators to cap grant funding. Maintain close dialogue with manufacturers through the Governance Structure. No further funding is available beyond the grant and match funding so negotiations between manufacturers, operators and Solent Transport will be required. Operators to maintain a high level of spare vehicle capacity in their depots during the introduction of the new buses. Operators in the Solent are already operating a number of low-emission vehicles, so likely issues will be well known and planned for.

APPENDIX 9

Summary of calculations used to develop emissions-savings figures in the bid The emission savings figures in this bid have been developed using a range of sources. We followed the information provided in the Value for money assessment guidance for bidders document published on the DfT LEBS web pages. We have been pragmatic with our calculations, preferring to be cautious rather than over-optimistic. In reality we believe that the emissions savings will generally be greater than those in our calculations, but a lack of detailed information available has meant that estimates have had to be made. Route mileage figures on a route by route basis were provided by the relevant bus operator. These have been cross-checked by Solent Transport using detailed spreadsheets (see appendix) to arrive at the total annual mileage covered by the 95 buses in the bid. We have used online distancemeasuring tools to define the mileages that buses spend in AQMAs to help calculate the overall annual mileages spent in AQMAs. To work out the NOx and PM10 savings figures in our bid, with a lack of specific data being available from bus manufacturers, we used figures provided in the COPERT 4v10 spreadsheets on the Defra website to calculate baseline figures for Euro IV and Euro V bus emissions, having entered our estimated average vehicle speed. We then took the Euro VI figures from the same Defra spreadsheets to compare the PM10 and NOx emissions and multiplied the difference by the total annual mileage. The difference between Euro IV/V and Euro VI form the basis of our estimates, acknowledging that this is likely to underestimate the savings we are likely to deliver. The savings are likely to be greater because the buses spend a disproportionately higher amount of time in AQMAs than on the rest of the route corridor because vehicle speeds tend to be lower in AQMAs. Furthermore, the vehicles in our bid all employ Stop-Start technology and are therefore zero emissions for around 30% of the time, which would have disproportionately greater benefit in AQMAs than elsewhere because of the amount of time the buses will spend with their engines stopped. A certain amount of modelling has been carried out by Southampton City Council to estimate the impact on air pollution of a number of scenarios of low-emission buses and vehicle restrictions in Southampton. This modelling indicates that an entire fleet of low-emission buses operating in Southampton would deliver an overall 3.2% reduction in NOx emissions in the city. The annual CO2 savings were derived by taking the g/km CO2 emissions-savings figure provided by the bus manufacturers and multiplying this by the total number of kilometres operated per annum. Again, these savings figures are underestimated because a number of the buses that will be removed from the fleet have engines dating back to Euro III and beyond.

APPENDIX 10

APPENDIX 11