Advanced Power Elecronics For Auomoive and Uiliy Applicaions Fang Z. Peng Dep. of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Michigan Sae Universiy Phone: 517-336-4687, Fax: 517-353-1980 Email: fzpeng@egr.msu.edu Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 1
Conens Chaper 1: Inroducion of Power Elecronics Chaper 2: Power Converer Basic Circuis and Operaing Principles Chaper 3: Conrol of Power Converers Chaper 4: Power Converer Sysem Conrol, Analysis, and Design Chaper 5: Circui Models and Simulaion Chaper 6: Power elecronic sysems and applicaions Chaper 7: Auomoive Applicaions: HEV and FC HEV Sysem Configuraions and Their Power Elecronic Circuis Chaper 8: Uiliy Applicaions: DG grid inerconnecion, Sacom, acive filer, UPFC, and FACTS devices Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 2
Chaper 1 Inroducion of Power Elecronics Wha is Power Elecronics? Power Conversion and Basic Principle Swiching Power Devices in General Diode, Thyrisor and Power Transisor Power MOSFET and IGBT GTO and MCT Power IC Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 3
Wha is Power Elecronics? Power Elecronics is power conversion and conrol from one form of power (energy) source o a desired form by using elecronic means. Example: An elecric vehicle drive mus conver dc inpu o ac oupu ha has variable volage and variable frequency. dc inpu (baery) Power Elecronics Circui ac oupu ac Moor Conrol heory, analog&digial (DSP), ec Power elecronics is power processing circuis and conrol Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 4
Wha is Power Elecronics? Con. Raw power in Power Processor (PE Circuis) Baery Fuel Cell Uiliy Solar Wind Capacior/Inducor Conrol Dc or ac Desired power ou (V, I, P, F) To loads: Moor Uiliy line Compuer Equipmen Process Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 5
Muli-disciplinary Naure of Power Elecronics Simulaion & compuing Solid-sae physics Circui heory Power Elecronics Sysems & Conrol heory Comm. & Signal processing Elecric machine Power sysems Elecromagneics EMI Elecronics DSP, FPGA DSP Conrol Board Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 6
Principle of Power Conrol Using Swich Curren Conrol Using Variable Resisor R V i L Curren Conrol Using Swiching Device S V d R L V d v DF D F L F R L T ON T OFF T v DF V d i L V d /R L i L 0 V d /R L Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 7
Caegory of Power Conversion AC-DC Converer (Recifier) AC-AC Converer (Power Conroller, Cycloconverer, Marix converer) DC-AC Converer (Inverer) DC-DC Converer (DC Chopper - Buck/Boos/Buck- Boos Converer) Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 8
Principle of AC-DC Converer (Recifier) v 1 S 1 S 3 Load v 1 v 2 S 1, S 4 ON OFF S 2 S 4 S 2, S 3 Average v 2 V 1 - AC Source V 2 - DC Load Waveforms of AC-DC Converer Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 9
Principle of AC-AC Converer (AC Power Conroller) S Load v 1 v 2 v 1 S v 2 ON OFF Resisor Load V 1 - AC Source V 2 - AC Load S - AC Swich Waveforms of AC Power Adjuser Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 10
Principle of AC-AC Converer (Cycloconverer or Frequency Changer) v 1 S 1 S 3 Load v 1 v 2 S 1, S 4 ON OFF S 2 S 4 S 2, S 3 Fundamenal v 2 V 1 - AC Source V 2 - AC Load S - AC Swich Waveforms of Cycloconverer Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 11
Principle of DC-AC Converer (Inverer) S 1 S 3 v dc S 1, S 4 ON OFF v dc Load S 2, S 3 S 2 S 4 Fundamenal (PWM) Volage-Source Inverer Waveforms of Inverer Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 12
Why Swiching? i C v CE + - i B i L Ligh Bulb R L S i L Ligh Bulb R L r i L Ligh Bulb R L I leak i C /R L V sa Power Loss: Vdc r+ R Power Consumpion: L 2 r Vdc r+ R L 2 R L P Loss =v CE i C P OFF P SW I c P ON Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 13
Swiching Devices Curren Unconrollable On - Conrollable Uni-Direcion + v - i Diode i + v - i G Thyrisor On and Off Conrollable Transisor MOSFET * GTO IGBT Bi-Direcion Triac Module * Meal Oxide Semiconducor Field Effec Transisor SIT, SITh, MCT, MTO, ec.? Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 14
Diode and Recifier + v - i L i v O Load i v O i L v π 2π ω Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 15
Thyrisor and Phase-Conrolled Recifier i L i + i G v - v O Load i v O i L I G3 I G2 I G1 =0 v I G3 >I G2 >I G1 α π 2π ω Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 16
Power Transisor and Inverer IGBT v dc S 1 S 3 Load S 2 S 4 V GE1 R G0 R G V GE0 (PWM) Gae Drive Circui of IGBT Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 17
Safe Operaing Area and Snubber Circui Wihou Snubber V CE I C Wih Snubber RCD Snubber Circui I C Iniial Sae Final Sae Turn-off Waveform Safe Operaing Area Wih Snubber Wihou Snubber V CE SOA and Turn-off Trajecory RC Snubber Circui Tradiional Snubber Circuis Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 18
IGBT Technology Sauraion Volage V CE [V] 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1s Gen.('85) 2nd Gen.('89) 3rd Gen.('94) furher curve 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 f [us] Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 19
Progress of Large VA Raed GTO 6.0 6kV/6kA Turn-off Curren [ka] 4.0 5kV/4kA 4.5kV/3kA 3.0 4.5kV/2.7kA 6kV/3kA 4.5kV/2.5kA 5kV/2.5kA 6kV/2.5kA 2.0 2.5kV/2kA 1.0 2.5kV/1kA 2.5kV/600A 400V/5A 600V/200A 0 '65 '70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 Year '00 Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 20
High-Volage Power IC 220V/1A one-chip 3-phase inverer IC Smar power swiching device module /Inelligen Power Module (IPM) Power Elecronics Building Block (PEBB) ec. Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 21
Wha is Power Elecronics? My Definiion I dc S 1 S 3 S 2 S 4 i ac Load S 1, S 4 S 2, S 3 ON: 1 OFF:0 1 0 Fundamenal Volage-Source Inverer = (S 1 S 3 ) 1 (PWM) I dc = (S 1 S 3 )i ac 0 Where S 1, S 3 = 0, 1 swiching funcion Waveforms of Inverer Power elecronics is mega-processor for power (energy) Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 22
Modeling of Power Elecronics I dc S 1 S 3 i ac Challenges: non-lineariy, no expression Load Inverer Model/Equaions: S 2 S 4 = (S 1 S 3 ) I dc = (S 1 S 3 )i ac Where S 1, S 3 = 0, 1 swiching funcion = (S 1 S 3 ) I dc = (S 1 S 3 )i ac Load Equaions: i ac = f( ) DC Link Equaions: = 1/C d di dc /d Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 23
Analysis and Simulaion of Power Elecronics - Pspice and Saber i dc S a S b S c V a = S a, V b = S b, V c = S c =350V V a V b V c 3mH i a i b i c V La V Lb V Lc Variable R 1µ ~ 1Meg Ω 4Ω V a_ref V b_ref V carrier S a V c_ref S b S c 1 Sa Pspice: Convergence problem Time consuming Bad accuracy Difficul o analyze Difficul o design 0 Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 24
Analysis and Simulaion of Power Elecronics - Swiching Funcion Technique V a_ref V b_ref V carrier S a V c_ref S b S c V a V b V c 3mH i a i b i c V La V Lb V Lc 4Ω Sa,b,c = 0, 1 swiching funcion o model all inverer/converer circuis 0 S a Swiching Funcion: Always converge Fas Good accuracy Easy analysis Easy design Augus 15, 2005 F. Z. Peng: Slide 25