]min-ÿm-\n \n v Hcmƒ kvt\l-]q hw. Zbq-_-µn-Ifpw _td hn-ifpw hntbm-pn- ns \nzm-\-ßƒ. ]nf kzmznjv ss^kn Xm\q. A, F mwv \nßƒ ]d-bp Cu ]utcm-lnxyw

kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 14 Pam-Zp BJ 1432 ]pkvxiw 01 e w 35 22/tIm p-ae SnFw _m p apkven-bm kakvx a[y-ta-je De-am ktω-f\w Db Øp Nn 25/ss^kn A_q-\p-Avam Acn{] Xncp-k- n-[nbn sn -W-bp p ]min-ÿm-\n \n v Hcmƒ kvt\l-]q hw 08 hmb-\- m-cpss Fgp-Øp-Iƒ Hs m v hm Ø hnnm-c-]yw knsi ss^k ]pø-\gn Zbq-_-µn-Ifpw _td hn-ifpw hntbm-pn- ns \nzm-\-ßƒ 12 ]nf kzmznjv ss^kn Xm\q A, F mwv \nßƒ ]d-bp Cu ]utcm-lnxyw 28/FwF Peo kjm^n ]p mc A m-lp-hns ZmØv ke-^n-s bpw Je-^n-s bpw coxn-iƒ 31/kpss_ dlvam\n hmhq `mjm-]m-c-º-cy-tømsv \q _ w Xo Øv "ap- -Øp- q ' 18 K^q dlvam\n Iº-f- msv hne 5 cq] ka-kvxm-ebw, tnfmcn tx n- ew 673 636 ae- pdw Pn, ticf t^m : 0494 2400938 sunniafkar@gmail.com amt\-pnmv Ub-d-IvS : ]mw- msv kønzv sslz-den inlm_v Xß-ƒ FIvkn-Iyq- ohv Ub-d-IvS lmpn si aωzv ss^kn P\-d amt\-p No^v FUn- s{]m^. si Ben- p n apkven-bm FIvkn-Iyq- ohv FUn- ]n]n apl-ωzv ss^kn FUn- thßq kzem-lp-±o dlvam\n A_vZp- -azv ]qt m- q ]ªn-j Fw-]n-Fw A ico^v Ipcn- ƒ k p-te-j kn-]n CJv_m Ih iwko te -Hu v laozv ta apdn

hmb-\- m-cpss Fgp-Øp-Iƒ IØp-Iƒ C -sa-bnepw snømw: editorsunniafkar@gmail.com Cu acwhym]-mc-øn-s\m-cp A-h-km\w thww C]n A p-d-lvam _mjhn Imk t msv c ]cn-tim-[\ \SØnt\m nbm \Ωn an -h-cp-ssbpw c - Øn GsX- nepw Xc-Øn hnjmwiw D m-hm km[yx IqSp- X-em-Wv. ImcWw, \mw IpSn- p Blm-c-ß-fn {]txy-in v ] - -dn- I-fnepw ]gh K-ß-fnepw Aimkv{Xo-b-ambpw AanX Af-hnepw D]-tbm-Kn- -s -Sp IoS-\m-in-\n- Ifpw a p cmk]zm -ßfpw sndnb txmxn-se- nepw ico-csø _m[n- p-sa v Dd- m-wv. ]g-h K-ßƒ thk-øn ]gp- m\pw BI j-i-amb h Ww e`n- m\pw ] - -dn-iƒ s]s v hfcm\pw IoS-ßƒ B{I-an- m-xn-cn- m\pw C v B{i-bn- p- Xv Btcm-Ky-Øn\v GsX- nepw hn[- Øn lm\n-i-c-amb cmk an{in-xß-sf-bm-wv. ]e cmpy-ßfpw ]q W-ambn \ntcm-[n- p-itbm I i\ \nb- { Ww G s -Sp-Øp-Itbm snbvxh-bn s] Adp-]-Øn-b p C\w IoS \min-\n-iƒ p C y-bn bmsxmcp hne- p-an-s - -dn-bp-tºmgm-wv, \ΩpsS cmpyøv \nb-am-\pkrxw \S- p "acw hym]mcw' \sω sr n- n- p- -Xv. CØcw IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fn ]expw aæns\bpw sh -søbpw hmbp-hns\bpw hnj-a-b-am- p- p F p am{x-a-, Xe-ap-dIsf Xs \in- n- m t]m -Xm-Wv. CsX {]Imcw Iip-am-hn ]q sf \in- n- p simxp-ip- Isf sims m-sp- m-s\ t]cn cmpyøv hym]-i-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- p amci IoS\min-\n-bmWv F tumkƒ^m. a\p-jy-cn 4 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

Kpcp-X-c-amb BtcmKy {]iv\-ßƒ D m- p cmk hkvxp-hm-wn-xv. Zqc-hym-]-I-amb {]Xym-Lm-Xßƒ p Imc-W-am-Ip P\n-XI XI-cm-dp-Iƒ, Xe hep-xm-i, Ne\tijn \ -am-h, _p n-am- µyw XpSßn amc-i-amb ]e tcmkßƒ pw Cu hnj-a-cp v Imc-Wam- Ipw. Imk t ms Aøm-bn-c-tØmfw slivs hcp Iip-am-hn txm ß-fn kwÿm\ k m ÿm]- \-amb πmt -j tim -td-j Im \q m p Ime-ambn Cu hnj acp v Xfn- p-i-bm-wv. Imk t msv am{xw Bbn-c-Øne-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ F tumkƒ^m Zpc- -Øn sim -s - n- p- v. ]Xn-s\m p ] m-b-øp-i-fnembn ]c pins- p Zpc- -`q-anbn Bbn-c- -W- n\v Bfp-Iƒ hnhn[ Zpc- -ßƒ p ASn-a-s v PohnXw X n-\o- p- p. Pnh-O-hß-fmbn Ign-bp- -hcpw acww I ap-ºn ImWp- -hcpw C q- - Øn-ep- v. I Wm-S-I-bnse _ Ø-ßm-Sn, ]pøq Xmeq- p-i-fnepw CØcw ZpcnX _m[n-xsc Is -Øn-bn- p- v. icn-bmb ]T\w \S- m a p kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw F tumkƒ^m sisp-xn-iƒ Is -Øm- \m-hpw. Cu kml-n-cy-øn-emwv F tum-kƒ^m cmpy-hym-]-iambn \ntcm-[n- -W-sa Bhiyw Db-cp- -Xv. Cu Bhiyw Hcp h kc-a-s m-sp- m- mbn B p-ho-im XpS-ßn-bXv Imk t msv \n p Xs -bm-wv. ChnsS XpS-ßnb F tum-kƒ^m hncp kacw Im pxo t]mse cmpy-amsi ]S-cp-Ibm-Wn-t mƒ. 81 cmpy-ßƒ Cu IoS- \m-in\n \ntcm-[n- n pw \ΩpsS cmpyw `cn- p- -h CsXm pw I `mh-an-. F tum-kƒ^m am{x-a-, a\pjy Poh\v `oj-wn-bmb F m IoS-\m-in-\n-I-sfbpw \ΩpsS aæn \n pw si p si n- m i -amb P\-Iob apt - -ßƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv. CØcw ka-c-ßƒ p t\sc IÆ-S- m `c-wm-[n-im-cn-iƒ p A[n-I- \mƒ km[n- p-i-bn-. Zqtc v IÆ-b- n-cn- p ImeØv ASp-Øn-cn- p- -h Ah-K-Wn- -s -Sp p ^kvep si aæm ae Imh-\q apva-av lrz-b-amwv a\p-jys\ \nb-{ n- p- -Xv. a p Ah-b-h-ßƒ AXns B m-\p-h Øn-Iƒ am{xw. \ bpw Xn bpw a\-s ]S- -d-ºn ]S-sh- p- p. hnp-bn- p- h {]mtbm-kni cq]-ß-fpss ]ps-h-b-wn v ]pd-øp-h-cp- p. ]cm-p-b-s -Sp- h ]Øn -XmgvØn hnt[-bxzw {]Jym-]n- p- p. lrzb-zm Vy hnth-i-øns XmgpsIm v hgn-ti-sns hmxn-ep-iƒ ]q p- p. tcmkm-xp-c-amb hnim-cßsf ]Sn v ]pdøp \n Øp- p. kzm-nm-c-øns Nn m-hn-jvim-cßsf Xmtem-en- p- p. Zp hn-im-cßsf sim p \S- -h acn pw apsº \n o-h-am-b-h-\mwv; "NØXn-s\m- pta Pohn- n-cn- epw' F ]g-sam-gn-bpss DS cq- ]-ßƒ. ImWp- Xpw tiƒ p- Xpw A mss ]I Øp- -h-\mwv bym lrz-b-iq-\y. AXv lrzbh yxbmwv. A[m an-i-xs -Xnsc ]S- - -b-wn-b-emwv lrzb-øns {]ap-j-zu-xyw. arx-i-co-cßfpw ]mgvx-sn-ifpw Hgp- n-s\møv Nen- p- -h-bm-wv. Hgp- n-s\-xnsc \o m Poh-\p- -hbvt Ign-bq. Icn-b-ne-Iƒ aµ-am-cp-x-\n t]mepw ]nsn p \n m-\m-imsx ]mdn-t m-ipw. simsp- m v h mepw Dd v \n m-\m-hpi Poh-\p ac-øns Ce v am{x-am-wv. C{]- kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 5

Imcw ZqjnX hnim-c-ßsf AI n \n Øm Ign-bpI Btcm-Kyhpw HmP- p-ap lrz-b-øn\p am{x-am- Wv. Akm am Kn-I-X-bpsS IpsØm-gp- n-s\-xnsc ico-csø \bn- m-\m-h-w-sa- n lrzbw [h-fna s]mgnt ] q. Cukm \_n(a)sb sim p-ip- n-isf D]-tbm-Kn v {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ ]oun- n- m-dp- m-bn-cp- p. Xs Is -dn-bp-ibpw Iq n hnfn- p- Ibpw snbvxn-cp Ip n-iƒ v Cukm(-A) ap ncn hmßn \ ImdmWv ]Xn-hv. "{]bm-k-s -Sp-Ønbn pw Xm -sf- n\mwv Ah v ]gw \ Ip- Xv?'' A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ B cyw sim pw Cukm \_n(- A) ]d p: ""Hcp ]m{x-øn-ep- -XmWv AXn \n pw ]pd-øp-hcn-i. Fs lrz-b-øn-ep- Xv \ bm-wv. AXn-\m F\n v \ snøm Ign-bp- p. Ah-cn-ep- Xv ]Ibpw am -cy-hp-am-wv. AXn-\me-h ]ou-i-cmbn amdn-bn-cn- p- p.'' ]ecpw \n mcimcy-ß-fpss t]cn tzjy-s -Sp- Xv ImWmw. AtXmsS Ah kzbw ad- p- p. A xcwkøv Aa j-øns A n-\m-f-ßƒ cq]-s -Sp- -txmss A[n-I-t]-cp-sSbpw Btem-N-\mtijn \in- p- p; akvxnjviw achn- p- p. hnimcw hnth-isø B n- m-bn- p- p. AtXmsS t] n- Sn- -hs\t mse ]pe`yw ]d-bp- p. AXp-sIm- mwv lrzb tcmkß-fnse "Iym k-dmbn' Nn m-hnim-c-z- m- AIm-c-W-tZ-jysØ FÆn-b-Xv. hnthin BZyw ]Sn-b- S v ]nfiw ht - Xv Akqsbbpw tzjysø-bp-am-wv. Al- -bmwv as mcpxcw tcmkw. tem-` -t{im-[-am- -cym-zn- Ifpw h -\m-fl-im- -cm-`n-\n-th-ißfpw C v A`n-\h lrz-b-ßsf XI sø-dn p sim n-cn- p-ibm-wv. Intem ao -dp-iƒ AI-sebp hnh-c-ßƒ IÆn-a-sh pw apsº Adn-bm C v kwhn-[m-\- ap- v. ]t, ASp-Øn-cn- p hs /Ab hm-kn-bpss a\xt -i-ß-sfbpw lrz-b-jn- -X-Isfbpw Xncn- -dn-bm b{ -kw-kvimc-øns asn-bn Xe-h- p-d-ßp B[p-\nI kwkvim-c-øns hiøv kwhn-[m-\an-. lrz-b-aen- \o-i-c-w-øn-\mbn ChnsS BcmWv lna-kn-cn-irw-j-\mzw apg- n-bxv?! {]hm-ni khn-[-øn-te v Hcmƒ IS- p-h- p. kzlm-_m- ƒ n-s-bn A{X- ]-cn-n-b-an- mø B hy nsb kw_- n v {]hm-n-i (-kz) ]d p: ""At±lw kz Km-h-Im-in-bm-Wv.'' kz K-{]-th-i-\-Øn-\p-X-Ip GXv Imcy-sØbpw kkq- va-a-t\z-jn- p injym-\p-n-c am B hy n-bpss PohnXw \nco- n- m- \m-cw-`n- p. kzlm-_m- ƒ v Abmfn Hcp {]txyi Bcm-[-\bpw ImWm Ign- n-. ]s, ]n osv kzlm-_-øn\v t_m[y-ambn Abmƒ lrz-b-ip n t\snb hy n-bm-sw- v, Abmƒ v temisøm-cm-tfmspw ]Ibpw hntzz-j-hpan-s - v. alm-\mb XØz- m-\n-bm- Wt m epjvam-\p liow(-d). At±-l-tØm-sSm-cn- bp-am-\ BSns\ AdpØp AXn \n v G hpw cnnn-bp `mkw ]miw snbvxp sim phcm Bh-iy-s - p. epjvam (d) BSn-s\- A-dpØv \mhpw lrz-bhpw ]miw snbvxp \ In. as m-cn- bp-am-\ BSn-s\- A-dpØv G hpw Acp-Nn- I-c-amb `mkw ]miw snbvxp-sim- p-h-cm I n p. epjvam (-d) At mgpw \mhpw lrz-bhpw ]miw snbvxp \ In. bp-am-\ B - cy-`-cn-x-\mbn Imc-W-a-t\z-jn- p. alm-\-h Acpfn: ""GsXmcp Pohnbn-sebpw \ `mk-ßƒ \mhpw lrz-b-hp-am-wv. AXv ip -am-h-wsa v am{xw. Aip- -am-bmtem G hpw Acp-Nn-Ichpw AXp Xs bmbn-cn- pw.'' \mhpw lrz-bhpw XΩn ANn- yhpw A{]Xn-tcm-[y-hp-amb _ -ap- v. lrz-b-øns tcmkhpw Btcm-Kyhpw \mhns\ B{i-bn- n-cn- pw. Xs Kpcp-hns tamiw hm p-i-fmwv tum. Xzmlmlp-ssk F kmln-xy-im-cs lrz-b-øn ]fin-x-hn-tzzj hf Øn-b-Xv F v IrXn-Iƒ ]cntim-[n- m-e-dn-bmw. ""FhnsS mknse IÆp s]m?'' F tnmzy-amwv Ip pw\mfn Xzmlmlpssk\v tiƒt - n-h- X-s{X. AXv lrz-b-øn Bg- Øn-te-s -SpØ Xzmlm-lp-ssk ]n osv Xs Xqen-I-bpsS Xe v \\ v ]fin-x am s -Xnsc A p-\n-c-øn-sb -XmWv hkvxp-x. \mhv lrz-b-øns ]n nte \n mhq F p ]d-bm ImcWw CsXm-s -bm-hmw. Xo{h-Xbpw `oi-c-xbpw Afn p \mdnb lrz-b-øns NØ DXv]- -amwv. X {]am-wn- Øhpw A[n-Im-c-{]-a-Ø-X-bp-amWv AXns apjy-k- -Xn-Iƒ. Xs A[n-Im-c-k-abw Ign-bp- -Xns 20 an\p v apºv Ata-cn- {]kn- U v \nivk {]Jym-]n p: ""Rm B w-t_mw-_ns _ -Wa Øn k]vx-tem-ihpw Nps -cn- pw.'' Alw-`m-h-Øns aq -\y-zi-bmwv \nivksw CXp ]d-bm t{]cn- n- Xv F v kmcw. Cu "CutKm-am-\nb' Xs -bmwv C v Atd-_y cmjv{s-ß-fn-e-s w A n- n-sn Xmt m- n-i-fmb GIm-[n-]-Xn-I-fpsS apjvins ]n nse i n-c-l-kyw. Xm P\n- Xv A\ys hyy- Iƒ v \nhm-cww ImWm-\m-sW Xncn- -dn-hp lrøsw sszhoi khn-[-øn hnebw{]m]n- n-cn- pw. lrz-b-z -WsØ Cemlo ka -W-Øns BƒØm-c-bn {]Xn-jvTn hnizm-kn-bpss a\ v em -Wn-I-amb taml-ß-fm Aebn-. kp n hmcni hcnkwjy Hcp h jw 250/- Bdp amkw 125/- 6 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

bashe Hs m v ]mw- msv kønzv _io-den inlm_v Xßƒ basheeralithangal@gmail.com temiw C p hnkvt^m-s-\m-fl-i-amb Adn-hns ]pxnb temi-ßƒtxsn-bp bm{x-bn-em-wv. temisø ap qspw {Kkn pign- n-cp A -XbpsS A -Imc CS-\m-gn-Iƒ C v {]`m-]q-cn-x-am-bn-cn- p- p. Adnhpw hn m-\hpw hnzym-`ym-khpw \nd kaqlw C p ^mj-\mbn amdp-ibpw ]fin- X kaq-l-øn BZ-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw snøp ÿnxnhn-tijw AXy-[nIw ipt`m-z -a-s{x. H p c p \q m- p-iƒ p apºv bqtdm- nemi-am\w hoinb-sn am -Øns Im p hnx \thm- m-\-øns _m n]{x-amwv hn m-\-øns Cu alm-hnkvt^m-s-\w. F m, AXn\pw \q m- p-iƒ p apºv bqtdm- n- \n pdw Atd-_y h I-c-bnepw, A pdw kvs]bn- \ns Xoc-ß-fnepw hn m-\-øns ae- hmsn Xo Ø as mcp ssh m-\ni kwkvim-c-ap- m-bn-cp- p. B kwkvim-c-øns XW-en-emWv C sø bqtdm-]y kwkvim-cw ]qøp-in-fn ØXv. B almta-cp-hns DZ-c-Øn-emWv CØn- Æn t]mse ambn-iamb bqtdm-]y hn m-\o-b-ßƒ ] n- n-sn pins v hf p ] -en- -Xv. {InkvXob temi-øns F m-sa- m-amb tdmanse am m- -bpss {KŸm-e-b-Øn shdpw Bdm-bncw {KŸ-ßƒ am{x-ap- m-bn-cp- -t mƒ e - -W- n\p ]pkvx-i-ß-fp AXn-hn-im-e-amb sse{_-dn-bp-ambn Xß-fpsS sim m-c-øn\p aipsw Nm Ønb apkvenw DΩØv Xs -bmwv B[p-\nI bqtdm- ns Kpcp. bqtdm- ns IS Øo-c-ß-fn B_m-e-hr w P\- ßƒ hy -amb Znim-t_m[an m-sx ao ]n-sn v Np p- Xn pw I s]dp- nbpw ]mxn-cm-hm-bm aw Xn- bn Xs ae p InS v BImiw t\m nbpw t\cw shfp- n ImeØv, IS-ens adp-i-c-bn temi-ønse BZysØ k h-i-em-ime ÿm]n pw hm\-\n-co- W ti{µ-ß-fn ]pe-cp-thmfw \ {Xßsf I pw Adn pw Pohn- -h-cmwv Adn-hns kvt^ms-\m-fli hf v Fgp-t p \n pi apkvenw kaqlw. lnpvd h jw 656 Ckvem-anI kwkvim-c-øns kz -µ-amb ]p ta-sp-i-fn kwlmc-cp-{z-ambn ta p \S sn n-kvjms Imf- q- am ISn- p-xp- nb _mkvzm-znse Heohv ac- n- - Ifpw snãv\ v ac-ßfpw bqtdm- n\v ]p\-cp- m-c-w- Øns AarXvh j-am-bxv Ncn-{X-Øns \ntbm-k-ambn-cn- mw. A v _mkvzm-znse k hi-em-im-e-ifpw {KŸm-eb-ßfpw s]mfn- -Sp n hn m-\-øns Aaq-ey-t{km- X- p-i-fmb ]pkvx-is - p-iƒ B Ø-e- p sss{kokn\p Ipdp-sI-bn v ]mew ]Wn-X-t mƒ, kap-{zk-am-\-amb ss{skokv Aaq-ey-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse ajn-ießn IdpØ \nd-am p-t]m-b-s{x. B ]X-\-Øn \n pw Du -apƒs m bqtdm- mwv hn m-\- Øns D]m-k-I-cmbn DZbwsNbvXn-cn- p- -Xv. A[p- \mx\ ]m mxy kaq-l-øns hn m\xrjvwsb hmbn-t - Xv ap Ata-cn- {]kn-u pw hnzym- `ymk hnn- -W-\p-amb txmakv Pt^-gvk-Wns hm p-i-fn-eq-ss-bm-wv. Xs I -d-bn simøn-sh- m At±lw I n- Xv CXm-bn-cp p: ""Here was burried thomas Jafferson, the father of the university of Virjenia.'' CØ-c-samcp D m-\-øn-te v bqtdm- ns\ \bn- Xv ax-\n-cm-k-am-bn-cp- p-sh- n, apkvenw kaqlsø \bn- Xv axm-`n-\n-th-i-am-bn-cp- p. bqtdm- ns ]cn-jvirxp\x "Ah-km-\sØ ]mxn-cnsb Ah-km-\sØ cmpm-hns IpS am-e-bn Xq n-s m- pi' F m-t{im-in v ax, cmjv{sob t\xr-xzsø sh p-hn-fn- -t mƒ apkvenw kaq-lsø \bn- Xv ""]d-bp-i, A cpw Adn-hm-f- mcpw Xpey-cmtWm'' F Jp -B hn-\-am-bn-cp p. ""Ckvem-ans\ Bg-Øn ]Tn v kz w P\-Xsb am K-\n tziwsnøp Hcp Iq w F p-sim v \nßfn \n pw Cd-ßn- p-d-s -Sp- n '' F v hnip Jp - B. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 7

]min-ÿm-\n \n v Hcmƒ kvt\-l-]q hw AXn-cp-Iƒ - pdw knsi ss^k ]pø-\gn Kfn-h-cpsS bm{x-i-fnse GtXm hnnn-{x cmpy-ß-fn-sem- mtwm ]min-ÿm F v txm n- n- p hm Ø-I-fmWv AhnsS\n pw h psim- n-cn- p- -Xv. en n-]p- p-imsc t]mep cmjv{so-b- mcpw t{_m_vun-\minb ] mf ta[m-hn- Ifpw sim p \nd- n-cn- p-ibmwv Cu cmjv{sw. Cu Ip cmjv{so-b- m-cn \n v thdn p \n p hnth-i-]q W-amb Hcp i -amwv "Ahman \mj-w ' ]m nbpw AXns t\xm-hmb A Zn-bm hmeojm\pw. _mzpjm- Jm, tjsd A^vKm, Km n sb k lm-zv (-A-Xn Øn Km n) Fs ms b-dn-b-s Jm A p Km^ Jms ]u{x\pw ]min-ÿm\nse en_-d skiype cmjv{so-b-øns \mb-i\m-bncp Jm A p hmen Jms ]p{x-\p-amwv A Zn-bm hmen- Jm. A{I-tam- p-i-cmb ]Øm msc hnzym-k-º- cpw tkh\a\-kvicpw kam-[m\ Imw n-i-fp-am- m bxv\n alxvhy- n-bm-bn-cp p Jm A p Km^ Jm. At±lw ÿm]n KpZmsb JnZvaØv K (A- m-lphns tkh-i ) am\h tkh-bmwv Cuizc tkh F XXzw Db Øn- ]n-sn- p. kzmx-{ y-øn\pw lnµp apkvenw sfiy-øn\pw th n \nesim Jm A p Km^ Jm C ym-hn-`-p-\sø i -ambn FXn Øn-cp- p. C y \mj-w 8 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

tim {Kkv AXns A[y- ÿm\w hmkvzm\w snbvx-t mƒ kvt\l-]q hw \nck-n-s - nepw tim {K-kp-ambpw Km n-pn-bpambpw Dujv-a-famb _ w acww hsc AXn Øn Km n kq n- p. At±-l-Øns ktlm-z-c tumivs Jm kmln_v 1937 hs p ]Sn- m-d AXn Øn {]hn-iy-bn tim {K-kns apjya-{ n-bm-bn-cp- p. CXv At±-l- Øns\ ]min-ÿm-\n cmpy-t{zmln F p ap{z-b-sn- p- -Xn Iem-in- p. ]e-t mgpw ]mivpbn-ep-i-fn At±lw InS-t nbpw h n- p- v. C ybmhs ]c-tam- X knhn-enb ]pc-kvim-c-amb "`mc-xvcxv\' \ In At±-lsØ BZ-cn- p-i-bm- Wp- m-b-xv. Jm A p Km^ Jms ]mc-ºcyw ]p{x Jm A p hmen Jm\pw ]n p-s-cp-i-bp- mbn. tim {K-kp-am-bp _ w Jm A p hmen Jm\pw XpS- p. 1972 75 Ime-L- -Øn ]min-ÿm ]m e-sa nse {]Xn-] t\xm-hmbn-cp p At±-lw. 1960 Ifnepw 1980 Ifnepw ] mf`c-w-øn-s\-xnscbpw P\m-[n-]Xy ]p\-xÿm-]-\- Øn\pth n-bpap P\-Iob apt - -Øn\v t\xrxzw \ In-bXv Jm A p hmen-jm-\m-bn-cp- p. hs p ]Sn- md AXn Øn {]hn-iy-bn {]tziv tim {Kkv IΩn- n-bpss tpmbn v sk{i- -dn-bmbmwv At±lw cmjv{sob PohnXw XpS-ßp- -Xv. Izn v C y {]t m-`- Øn ]s -SpØ At±lw C ymhn-`-p-\sø i -ambn FXn Øp. hn`-p\w Dd- m-b-t mƒ hs p ]Sn- m-d AXn Øn {]hn-iysb ]JvtXmWn-ÿm F kzx{ cmjv{s-am- m At±lw {ian- p. hn`-p-\-øn\p tijw ]JvtXmWn kzbw-`-c-w-øn-\mbn At±lw kacw snbvxp. hn`-p-\-øn\p tijw lpzm sb JnZvaXv K {]ÿm\w ]min-ÿm-\n \ntcm-[n- -s -Sp-Ibpw hmen-jm Xpd- -e-s- -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. 1986 \mj-w Ahman ]m n-bpss ÿm]-\-øn At±lw ]nxm-hn-t\m-ssm w henb ] v hln- p-i-bp- m-bn. P\-d Aøq- _vjm A[n-Imcw ]nsn-s -Sp-Øt mƒ At±lw cmjv{sob ]m n- Isf \ntcm-[n- p-ibpw cmjv{sob t\xm- sf XS-hn-em- p-ibpw snbvxp. Jm A p hmen Jm\pw XS-hn-em- -s - p. 1962 se {]kn-u v sxc-s -Sp- n ^møna Pn sb kwbp {]Xn- ] ÿm\m n-bm- p- -Xn At±lw {][m-\ -]- p-h-ln- p. AtX h jw Aøq_v Jms AgnaXn `c-w-øn-s\-xnsc ssijv appo_v dlvam-\p-ambn tn v At±lw {]t m`w \bn- p-i-bp-ap- m-bn. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 9

Jm A p Km^ Jm, Jm A p hmen Jm, Ak Zn-bm hmen-jm Jm A p Km^ Jms ]mc-ºcyw ]p{x Jm A p hmen Jm\pw ]n p-s-cp-i-bp- mbn. tim {K-kpam-bp _ w Jm A p hmen Jm\pw XpS- p. 1972 75 Ime-L- -Øn ]min-ÿm ]m e-sa nse {]Xn- ] t\xm-hm-bn-cp p At±-lw. 1960 Ifnepw 1980 Ifnepw ] mf`c-w-øn-s\-xn-scbpw P\m-[n-]Xy ]p\-xÿm-]-\- Øn\pth n-bpap P\-Iob apt - -Øn\v t\xrxzw \ In-bXv Jm A p hmen-jm-\m-bn-cp- p 1970 se s]mxp-sx-c-s -Sp- n ssijv appo_v dlvams Ahman eokv `qcn-] w t\sn-sb- nepw A[n-Imcw ssiam-dm P\-d blvbm-jm Xøm-dm-bn-. CXv _w -mtziv {]Xn-k- n-bn-te v \bn- p. A p hmenjm, ssijv appo_v dlvam\pw a{ n-k` cq]o-i-cn- p- -Xn-\p ]n pw \ Ip-I-bp- m-bn. Ing- ]minÿm-\n (_w- m-tz-in ) ]minÿm \S-Ønb ssk\ni AXn-{IasØ i -ambn FXn Ø A]q w ]miv t\xm- -fn-sem-cmfmwv Jm A p hmen-jm. AXn\p {]Xn-Im-c-ambn \mj-w Ahman ]m n \ntcm-[n- -s -Sp- Ibpw {]h Ø-I ]ou-\-øn-\n-cbm-hp-ibpw snbvxp. 1972 {]Xn-] t\xm-hm-bncp hmenjm, kp ^o- Aen _qt m-bp-ambn D m- nb Icm {]Imcw ]min-ÿm-\n `c- W-L-S\m \n am-w-øn\v XpS- -an- p. 1973 se `c-w-l-s-\-bn {]hniym-kzbw`cww, \njv-v] PpUojydn F o Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs -Sp- Øp- -Xn hmen-jm henb ] ph-ln- p. 1973 dmh ]n- nbnse enbm-jøv _mkn s^u-d skiyq-cn n t^mgvkv \S-Ønb shsnsh- n \mj-w Ahman ]m n {]h Ø-I sim -s - -t mƒ hmenjm ssisim kwb-a\w Gsd {]iwk t\sn. 1971 Cµn-cm- Km nbpw kp ^o- Aen _qt mbpw H n knwe Icm-dns\ lrz-b-]q hw ]n p-w t\xmhmwv Jm A p hm-en- Jm. 1974 hs- p ]Sn- md AXn Øn {]hn-iy-bpss Kh W lbmxv sj m-tdm-bpss sime-]m-x- I-Øn ] p-s - m-tcm-]n v hmen- Jm ho pw t{]mkn-iyq v snø-s - Sp-I-bp- m-bn. sslz-cm-_mzv ss{s_yq-w hnnm-cw F dnbs Cu hnnm-c-w-bn Xs `mkw hmzn- m Jm A p hmen- Jm Xøm-dm-bn-. Cµn-cm-Km- nbn \n v h XpI ssi qen hmßn-sb- p-t]mepw Btcm-]-W-apb p. {]Xn-k- n-l- -ß-fn-se mw Xs ]nxm-hns Km n-b Alnwkm ]mc-ºcyw hmenjm apdpsi nsn- p. ]min-ÿms cq]o-icww {_n ojvimcpss `n n- n v `cn- X{ Øn ^e-am-bn-cp- psh kxyw Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fpsS ASnÿm-\-Øn {]kvxm-hn- m ss[cyw ImWn t\xm-hm-bn-cp p hmen-jm. ^yqu {]`p- -fp-ssbpw Pn -bp-ssbpw Cu \o -Ønse ] v At±lw Facts are Facts F IrXn-bneqsS ]pd-øp-sim- p-h- p. \mj-w Ahman ]m nbpw a p- ]p-tcm-k-a\ hn`m-k-ßfpw ebn v 1986 Ahm-an \mj-w ]m n cq]o-i-cn- p. A p hmen- Jm Xs -bm-bn-cp p BZy-{]-kn- U v. 1986 88se P\m-[n-]Xy ]p\xÿm-]-\-øn-\p {]t m-`-øn\v Ahm-an \mj-w ]m n t\xrxzw \ In. 1990 At±lw cmjv{so-b- Øn \n pw hnc-an- p. ax-au-eni hmzn-i-fp-ssbpw NmckwL-S-\-bmb sff-kv-sf-bp-ssbpw h [n- p-hcp kzm[o-\-øn hymip-e-\mbmwv At±lw cmjv{sob h\-hm-k- Øn-te v t]mb-xv. A^vKm\nÿm- \nse A JzbvZ Xmen-_m kzm[o-\sø i -ambn FXn Ø ]miv t\xm-hmwv Jm A- p 10 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

Jm A p Km^ Jms ]u{x\pw Jm A p hmen-jms ]p{x-\p-amb A Zn-bm hmen-jm CubnsS C y -k-µ in- p-i-bp- m-bn. Ahman \mj- W ]m n-bpss Ct m-gsø A[y- \pw ]min-ÿm ]m e-sa vawk-hp-amwv At±-lw. kµ i-\-øn-\nss tic-fhpw At±lw kµ in- p-i-bp- m-bn. CXmWv At±-l-Øns atx-xc P\m-[n-]Xy Alnw-km ]mc-ºcysø kvacn- m Ct mƒ t{]c-i-am-b-xv hmen-jm. A p hmen-jm C ym-] hmznbmsw- m-bn-cp p kp ^o- Aen _qt m-bpss Btcm-]- Ww. ]e-x-hw h[{i-a-øn \n pw c -s n p v At±-lw. Facts are sacred F IrXn-bn At±lhpw IpSpw-_hpw ]miv `c-w-iq-s- Øn \n v kln bmx-\-i-fpss IY ]d-bp- p- v. P\-d knbmhp ljns ImeØv {][m-\- a{ n ]Zhn hmkvzm\w snbvxt mƒ \nc-kn ]mc-ºcyw Jm A p hmen-jm-\p- v. 2006 emwv Jm A p hmenjm \ncym-x- \m-b-xv. Jm A p Km^ Jms ]u{x\pw Jm A p hmen- Jms ]p{x-\p-amb A Zn-bm hmen-jm CubnsS C y -k-µ in- p-i-bp- m-bn. Ahman \mj-w ]m n-bpss Ct m-gsø A[y- \pw ]min-ÿm ]m esa vawk-hp-amwv At±-lw. kµ i-\-øn-\nss tic-fhpw At±lw kµ in- p-i-bp- m-bn. CXmWv At±-l-Øns atx-xc P\m-[n-]Xy Alnw-km ]mc-ºcysø kvacn- m Ct mƒ t{]c-iam-b-xv. Xs IpSpw_]mc-ºcyw ]n p- S v 1975 Aøq_v Jms kzm m-[n-]-xy-øn-s\-xn-sc-bp P\-Iob apt - -Øn ]s -Sp-ØpsIm- mwv A Zn-bm cmjv{so-b- Øn-se-Øn-b-Xv. {]Xn-^ew I Xpd pw ]ou-\-hp-am-bn-cp- p. sslz-cm- _mzv ss{s_yq-w At±-lsØ 15 h jsø XS-hn\p in n- p-ibpw snbvxp.1999 emwv At±lw Ahman \mj-w ]m n-bpss A[y- -\m-ip- -Xv. CubnsS \S C ym kµ i\thf-bn C ybpw ]minÿm\pw XΩn-ep {]iv\-ßƒ H n- n-cp v D`-b-I n N -I-fneqsS ]cn-lcn- -W-sa v A Znbm {]kvxm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. AXv taj-e-bn kam-[m\w \ne- \n Øm AXym-h-iy-am-sW pw C y-bpss ]n p-w-bn- msx ]minÿm\v Xo{h-hm-ZØn\p XS-bn-Sm-\mhn-s pw At±lw ]d- p. ]minÿm t\cn-sp Xo{h-hmZ ax-auen-i-hmz {]iv\-ßƒ v tajemxe- Øn-ep ]cn-lm-c-amwp th sx pw At±lw A`n-{]m-b-s - p. U ln-bnse PmanA an nb Ckvem-anb bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bnse A m-z-aniv Hm^v tx Uv thƒuv ÃUoknse {]Ya Jm -A- p Km^ Jm kvamci {]`m-jww \S-Ø-sh-bmWv Cu A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ At±lw {]I-Sn- n- -Xv. ""21 mw \q m- nse ]min-ÿm-\p-th- n-bp ho Ww'' F -Xm-bn-cp p {]`mjwhnjbw. taj-e-bpss hni-k- \hpw `{Z-Xbpw ]min-ÿms hnik-\-øn\pw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW pw At±lw {]kvxm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. AXn-\mbn C y-bpss kl-i-cww At±lw A`y n- p. Xim-hm apdn pis- p F pw I -Øbn-emWv Ah-km-\n- n- p- -sx Ncn-{X-]mTw D -cn At±lw hs p ]Sn- m-d AXn Øn {]hn-iy-bnse Xo{h-hmZw Aa sntø- Xv C y-bpss IqSn Bhiy-am-sW p Nq n- m- n. ax-au-eni hmz-ønepw ssk\ni B[n-]-Xy-Ønepw s] v Znim-t_m[w \ -s -Sp ]minÿm-\n A Zn-bm hmen-jms P\m-[n-]Xy atx-xc kam-[m-\-hmz cmjv{sob ]mc-ºcyw Gsd hne-a-xn- -s -ts- -Xp- v. At±-l-Øns bpw Ahman \mj-w ]m n-bpssbpw hnthi]q W-amb i w `mhn-bnepw thdn p tiƒ psa v {]Xo- n- mw. ]min-ÿms {]nbs Ihn s^bvkv AlvaZv s^bvkns hcn-iƒ \ap v {]m -\-bm-hs : ""Rm emtlm-dns ]pjv] kpk- -hp-ambn hcmw \o _\m-d-kns Cfw-sX- -embn hcq... F n v \ap v tnmzn mw BcmWv \ΩpsS i{xp- ƒ'' kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 11

Zbq-_-µn-Ifpw _td hn-ifpw hntbmpn- ns \nzm-\-ßƒ {][m\ tãmdn ]nf kzmznjv ss^kn Xm\q Ccp-]Xmw \q m- ns Bcw-`tØmsS C y apkvenw-iƒ n-sbn cq]-s c p Nn m-[m-c-ifmwv Zbq-_-µn-øØpw _td hn-ø- Øpw. \yqu ln-bn \n v 153 Intem-ao- AI-se-bp Hcp km[m-cw {Kma-amWv DØ {]tzinse Zbq-_-µv. Ct mgpw Imcy-amb ]ptcm-k-xn-i-sfm- p-saømø DØtc- y {Kma-ß-fpsS Hcp ]cn-t - Zw. apl-ω-zvjmknw \m\q-xzhn(1832 1880)bpsS t\xr-xz-øn Bdp-t] tn p 1967 AhnsS Zmdp Deqw F t]cn B[p- \ni coxn-bn-ep Hcp ax-]mt-ime v XpS wipdn- -txm-ss-bmwv Zbq-_µv {it -b-am-ip- -Xv. Cu ÿm]-\-øn\p t\xrxzw \ In-bhcpw AXp-ambn _ -s - -h-cpamwv C v "Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ' F t]cn Adn-b-s -Sp- -Xv. 1824 l n\p t]mb jm Ckvam-Cu Zlvehn AhnsS {]h Ø-\-am-cw-`n hlm_o {]ÿm-\-øn BIr- -\m-hp-ibpw C_v\p A_v-Zn hlm-_ns (1703 1787) Bi-b-ßƒ C y-bnte p Cd- p-axn snøm {ian- p- Ibpw snbvxp. AXns `mk-ambn At±lw cnn {KŸ-amWv XJvhn-b- Øp Cuam. kp n hnizm-k-[mc-bn \ne-sim- n-cp Zbq-_µo ]fin-x am-cn Nne Ckvam- Cu Zlve-hn-bpsS hlm_o Nn bn BIr- -cm-hp-ibpw At±-lsØbpw At±-l-Øns {KŸ-ßsfbpw {]Io Øn- p-ibpw snøm XpS-ßn. AXns A]-ISw a\- n- em- nb AAvem lkvdøv Camw AlvaZv dkm-jm _td hn (1856 1921) Zbq-_-µn-I-fpsS ]pxnb \o -Øn-s\-Xnsc i -ambn cwk- Øp-h-cn-Ibpw ]mc-ºcy apkvenw- Isf kwl-sn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. 12 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

Aß-s\-bmWv Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ, _td hn-iƒ F o c p tncn-iƒ DS-se-Sp- p- -Xv. A h imlv Imivaocn(1875 1933), diozv AlvaZv KwtKmln(1829 1905), Aivd^v Aen km\- hn(1863 1943), i_o AlvaZv Dkvam-\n(1886 1949), Jeo AlvaZv klm-d ]qcn(-ln. 1269 1346), apl- ΩZv C bmkv (1883 1944), lpssk AlvaZv az-\n(1879 1957) a kq \pavam\n(1997), A_p lk Aen \Zvhn(1914 2000), apl- ΩZv XJn Dkvam-\n(1943) XpS-ßn-bh Zbq-_µo t\xm- fmbn Adn-bs -Sp- p. ^njvln \mem-semcp azvl_pw AJo-Z-bn Aiv-Acn, amxp-coxn kc-wn-i-fn H pw Xk- p-^n JmZn-cn, NnivXn, \Jvi-_- µn, kplvd-h Zn F o Xzco-J-Ifpw kzoi-cn- p- -h-cmwv Xß-sf v ]e-bn-søpw (DZ: A apl- Zv 29,30) Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ Ah-Im-i-s - n- p- v. ]s, CXp hm m ]d-bp- Ibpw I Ω-Øn X n- -f-bp- Ibpw snøp ssien-bm-w-h-cn ]e-t mgpw I p-h-cp- -Xv. _td hn-iƒ F -dn-b-s -Sp DØ-tc- y kp n-i-tfm-sp Zbq- _-µn-i-fpss FXn ns a Ωhpw CXp Xs. Alvte lzo-kn\pw _td hn- Iƒ p-an-s-bn anx-xz-øns hgn kzoi-cn- m {ian- -h-cm-bn-cp- p BZy-Ime Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ. F m ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn BtKmf Xe- Øn hlm_nhxvi-c-w-øn-\pth n \S \nkq-v-{i-a-ßƒ Zbq- _µv Dƒs -ss-bp ÿm]-\-ßsfbpw _m[n- p. Ct mƒ GXm v ]q W-ambn hlm-_n-k-øns hgnbn-em-w-h. Zbq-_-µn-I-fpsS kmwkvim-cni taj-esb c m-bn- Xn-cn- mw. H v, ssh m-\ni Bflob taj-e, Zmdp Deqw Zbq- _-µv, akm-ln-dp Deqw klmd ]q, \Zvh-Øp Dea eivt\m XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ßƒ CXp \n hln- p- p. c p {]t_m-[\ {]h Ø\ taj-e. CXn-\p kwhn-[m-\-amwv X_veoKv Pam-A- Øv. 1919 cq]o-ir-x-amb PwC-ø- Øp Deam G lnµv, Zbq-_-µn-IfpsS \nb-{ -W-Øn-ep as mcp kwl-s-\-bm-wv. 1926 Ducp-Np- nøps-ßnb X_veoKv Pam-A-Øns ÿm]-i jm apl-ωzv C bm-kv(1885 1944) BWv. DØ {]tz-inse Imµ-e-bn P\n C bmkv kmln-_ns {][m\ Kpcp diozv AlvaZv KwtKmln-bm-Wv. Nne hnj-b-ß-fn X\n hlm_n ho Ww h p ]pe Ønbn-cp KwtKm-ln-bpsS Nn -Iƒ Xs i -ambn kzm[o-\n- n- ps v C bmkv Xs Xpd p ]d- n- p- v. C bmkv kz -ambn {KŸ-ß-sfm pw cnn- n- n-. ]t, At±-l-Øns hc-sam-gn-iƒ "aim- Xo_v' F t]cn A_p lk Aen \Zvhnbpw hmsam-gn- Iƒ "a ^q-fmøv' F t]cn a kq \pavam\nbpw kam-l-cn- n- p- v. X\n- p- mb Nne kz]v\-z i- \-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-ØnemWv X_veoKv Pam-A-Øn\p XpS w Ipdn- p- -sx- mwv C bmkv ]dbp- -Xv.(a ^q-fmøv 51,52) U lnbpss sx p `mk-øp Ft m-d, `cxv]q, a[pc F o {]tz-i-ßƒ DƒsIm- p tahm-øn-emwv Pam- A-Øns D -hw. ax-]-c-ambpw hnzym-`ym-k]c-ambpw ]n m w \n n-cp tahm-ønse P\-ßsf At±lw kwkvi-cn-s -Sp- m {ian- p. \nc- c IØp-I-fn-eqsS Ah v t_m[\w \ In. Cu IØp-I-fmWv ]n osv "timøo_v' F t]cn kam-l-cn- -s - -Xv. hosp-iƒtxmdpw Ibdnbnd-ßnbpw Ih-e-Ifpw ] n-ifpw ti{µo-icn pw apjm-apjw {]t_m-[\w snøp-i-bmwv X_veoKv kzoi-cn ssien. hy nkº -Øn-eqsS t\ p-t\ {]t_m-[\w snøp Cu ssien tahm-øn-sebpw ]cnkc {]tz-i-ß-fn-sebpw P\-ßsf \ mbn BI jn- p-ibpw ]ecpw PohnXssien Xs am m Xømdm-hp-Ibpw snbvxp F Xv FSpØp]d-tb hkvxpx Xs bm-wv. {]I-S\]cX p ]Icw P\- ß-fn-te v Cd-ßn-s m\pw Ahsc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- m\pw X_veo-Kp-Im ss[cyw ImWn- p. ]t, AXns Aa-c-Øp- -h D n-sem-xp nh p-ibpw Ah-k-c- Alvte lzo-kn\pw _td hn-iƒ p-an-s-bn anx-xz- Øns hgn kzoi-cn- m {ian- -h-cm-bn-cp- p BZy-Ime Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ. F m ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn BtKmf Xe- Øn hlm_nhxvi-c-w-øn-\p-th n \S \nkq-v-{ia-ßƒ Zbq-_µv Dƒs -ss-bp ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw _m[n- p. Ct mƒ GXm v ]q W-ambn hlm-_n-k-øns hgnbn-em-w-h. Zbq-_-µn-I-fpsS kmwkvim-cni taj-esb c m-bn- Xn-cn- mw Øn-s\mØv hnk n- p-ibpw snbvx _nzv-a-øns hnjmwiw Dt]- n- n-cp psh n C ym D]- `q-j-fi-ønse G hpw henb \thm- m\ {]ÿm-\-ambn X_veoKv Pam-A-Øn\p Db p-hcm km[n- p-am-bn-cp- p. hlm_o Nn D n-sem-fn- n v Alvep-kp- -bpss thjw si nbhsc v kp n-ifpw Jpdm-^n- -Jp-_qcn Bi-b-ß-fpsS h m- sf v hlm-_n-ifpw hna in- p hn`m-k-amwv C v Pam-AØpw AXn\p XW-te-Ip Zbq-_-µn-ø- Øpw. Ccp ] -Øn\pw Ah-cp-tS- Xmb \ymb-ß-fp-s - nepw hlm- _n-k-øns Btcm-]-W-ß-tfmtcm pw AwKo-I-cn- p-sim v kz w Kpcp-\m-Y amsc t]mepw X n- d v B ] -tø p ]Xps \oßp-i-bmwv Ah-cpsS ]pxnb kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 13

Xe-ap-d. X_veoKnk-Øns Bi-bssh-I-ey-ßƒ \ap- n-s-bn \nc- cw N snø-s - -Xm-W-t m. _td hn-i-fpss {]Xn-tcm[w DØ {]tz-ins Xe-ÿm-\-amb eivt\m-hn \n v 236 Intem-ao- Zqc-Øp Hcp \K-c-amWv _td-en. Ahn-sS-bmWv _td hn-iƒ F p hnfn- -s -Sp DØ-tc- y kp n- I-fpsS Aa-c- m-c AAvem lkvdøv Camw Alva-Zvd-km-Jm _td hn(-d) A y-hn-{iaw sim p- -Xv. C ym D]-`q-J-fi-Ønse kp n kaq-l-øns Bflob ti{µhpw Bÿm-\-hp-am-W-Xv. _nzv-a-øns Icn-\m-K-ßsf kp -Øns hnip a{ -Øn-eqsS ab- n-in-s-øp-ibpw kp o kaq-l- Øn\p Du w ]I-cp-Ibpambncp p dkm-jm. ae-bmfaæn kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp Dea Gs -SpØp\S-Ønb alm-zu-xyamwv DØ-tc- y-bn At±lw \n h-ln- -Xv. Bbn-c-tØmfw ]T\ {KŸ-ßƒ cnn AAvem lkvdøv ssih- mø ssh m- \ni taje Cs - pxs ]d-bmw. JmZn-bm-\n-kw, ioc-kw, hlm-_nkw, X_veo-Kn-kw, \mnz-d-en-kw, tamtu-wnkw XpS-ßnb k _nzv- A-Øn-s bpw Igp-Ø-dp- p- -Xm-bncp p At±-l-Øns cn-\-iƒ. "app-±n-zp DΩ' F p apkvenw temiw hnti-jn- n B alm-{]-xn- `-bmwv C y-bn ]mc-ºcy Ckvem-ans\ kwc- n p \n Øm henb ITn-\m-[zm\w snbvx-xv. Zbq-_-µn-I-fpsS _nzv-a-øn-te- p hgnam -søbpw Ah-cn hlm-_nkw kr n kzm[o-\- søbpw t\csø Xncn- -dn-bp-ibpw i -ambn {]Xn-I-cn- p-ibpw snbvx-t m-gmwv AAvem lkvdøv Ah-cpsS IÆnse Ic-Smbn amdn-b- Xv. _nzv-a-øns\ _u n-i-ambpw {]mam-wn-i-ambpw {]Xn-tcm-[n- p- txm-ssm w kmaq-ly-po W-X-Isf hn]m-s\w snøm\pw Icp-Øp Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hf Øn-s m- p-hcm\pw At±lw {ian- p. 30/09/ 2009 \p C ym-sptu ]pd-øp-hn 14 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 k s {]Imcw C y apkvenw-ifn alm-`q-cn-]- hpw _td hn Nn m-[mc AwKo-I-cn- p hcm-wv. {_n -\n-te p IpSn-tb-dn- m Ø kuøv Gjy cmpy-ß-fnse alm- `q-cn-] w apkvenw-ifpw _td hn Nn m-[mc A\p-k-cn v Pohn- p- h-cm-sw v e -\nse sssw amkkn (26/04/2010) ]pd-øp-hn k s -bnepw ]min-ÿm-\nse P\- ß-fn `qcn-] w _td hn-iƒ msw v word war 4 report.com dnt m nepw ]d-bp- p. AAvem lkvd-øns AXy- zm-\-hpw-bflm -Xbpw kuøv Gjy cmpy-ß-fnse apkvenw-i-fpss Cuam\n\p Imh \n p- - Xnepw _nzv-a-øns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- _td hn-bpss Z K ico^v p- -Xnepw F{X-tØmfw ] p-hln- p F v Cu IW- p- Ifn \n p a\- n-em- mw. ]n ap-d- m apkvxz^m dkm-jm (1892 1981), lman-zv d-km-jm (1875 1943), A p Aeow kzn±o-jn(1892 1954), \Cu-ap-±o apdm-zm-_m-zn(1883 1948), kønzv A p jm \Jvi-_-µn, sslz-cm-_m-zv(1872 1964), ap^vxn AlvaZv bm Jm \Cuan(1906 1971), jm AlvaZv \qdm\n ]min-ÿm (1926 2003), app-±nzv A p hlm_v kn±o-jn, emtlm (1942 1994), ssijv apl-ωzv Idwjm A Akvl-cn(1918 1998), kønzv ippm-aøv Aen JmZncn(1941 1993), A mam A i-zp JmZn-cn(1925 2002) XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv AAvem lkvd-øn\p tijw Cu D]-`q-J-fi-Øn kp n kaq-l- Øn\p t\xrxzw \ In-b-h. apkvxz^m dkm-jm\pw lmanzv dkm-jm\pw AAvem lkvd-øns ]p{x am-cm-wv. 13 mw hb-kn Xs ap^vxn-bmbn Adn-b-s apkvxz^m dkm-jms 50,000 ^Xvh-Iƒ kam-l-cn- -s - n- p- v. "^Xmhm apkvxz-^m-hnø' F m-w- Xns t]cv. IqSmsX, hnhn[ hnjb-ß-fn-embn At±-l-Øn\v \m ]Xv {KŸ-ß-fp-ap v. lp -Øp Ckvemw F v A`n-kw-t_m[\w snø-s Cf-b-]p-{X lmanzv dkm- Jm AØ-ln-øm-Øn Bbn-c-s bmwv ]c-temiw {]m]n- -Xv. ]nxmhns NmcØp Xs -bmwv c pt]-cp-ssbpw J_v. (2007 k]vxw- _ \men\p B hnip km n-[y- Øn-seØn knbm-døp snøm\pw _tden ico^v ImWm\pw km[- n- p- v.) apkvxz^m dkm-jms ]u{x AJvX dkm-jm, apl-ωzv CwZmZv lpssk ]n km-z, Xpdm-_p ljv JmZncn, U ln Camw ap^vxn api dw Alva-Zv.. XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv Ct mƒ _td hn t\xm fmbn Adn-b-s -Sp- -h. ]min-ÿm {][m-\-a{ n bqkp^v jm Koem-\n, hntziimcy a{ n-bm-bn-cp jm

alvaqzv Jpssdin XpS-ßn-b-h {]apj _td hn-ifm-wv. _td-enbnse Zmdp Deqw a ksd Ckvemw, ap_m-d v ]qcnse PmanAx Aivd-^nø XpSßn-bh {]apj ÿm]-\-ß-fmwv. dkm A m-uan, apwss_, ZAvhsØ C-kveman, thƒuv CkvemanIv anj F nh {]apj kwl-s-\-i-fm-wv. Xzmen-_m-s\-Xnsc G hpw i -amb kao-]\w kzoi-cn hn`m-k-amwv _td hn-iƒ. Ckvemans kwc- I-sc v ]ecpw Xzmen- _ms\ hmgvønb L -Øn, AXp hlm-_n-k-øns `oi-c-ap-j-amsw v Dds ]d- -h-cmwv _td hn-iƒ. AXpImcWw Ccp-hn- `m-khpw ]e-t mgpw G p-ap m CSbm-bn- p- v. 2009 Pq 12\v ]minÿm-\nse Xlvcos Xzmen-_m \S-Ønb `oi-cm-{i-a-w-øn {]apj ]fin-x-\mb k ^-dmkv AlvaZv \Cuan AS w \nc-h-[nkp- n-iƒ sim -s -Sp-I-bp- m-bn. C{]-Imcw Zbq-_µn Xo{hhm-Zn-Ifn \n pw _td hn-iƒ v i - amb B{I-aWw t\cn-ts nh n- p- v. 2006 G{]n-en Idm- nbn kwl-sn- n aoemzv ktω-f-\-ønte v Zbq-_µn _ -ap kn^m G kzlm_ F ssd-dnãv {Kq v t_mw_m-{i-aww \SØn. "kp n XlvcoIv' F kwl-s-\-bpss eou keow JmZncn AS w 57 t]cmwv A p sim -s - -Xv. 2010 s^{_p-hcn 27\p ss^k-em-_m- Zn kwl-sn- n aueozv ktω-f-\- Ønepw CXp-t]mse Xzmen-_m, kn^m G kzlm_ B{I-aWw D m-bn- p- v. tbmpn- v; hntbm-pn v ]c-kv]cw Ip^vdm-tcm-]-Whpw t]m hn-fnbpw Zbq-_-µn- -_-td hn hn`m-k-ßƒ n-s-bn i -ambn sim n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. sndnb hntbm-pn- p-iƒ hep-xmbn ]cn-w-an- p kwl- -\-ßƒ p hgn-sbm-cp- p- I-bmWv ]e-t mgpw. DØ-tc- ybn X_veoKpIm-cpsS G hpw henb i{xp- ƒ _td hn-i-fm-wv. Ah-cpsS in v, Ip^v Btcm-]- W-ßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n- m-\mwv _td hn-iƒ IqSp-X Du w hn\n-tbm-kn- p- -Xv. kp n-i-fn \n p- m-ip p F p ]d-b-s -Sp in o \S-]-Sn-I-sf mw Zbq-_µo t\xm- -fn \n pw D m-bn- ps pw At mƒ kp n-isf t]mse Zbq-_-µn-Ifpw apivcn- p-ifm-sw p ]d-tb- n-h-cp-sa pw _td hn ka n- p- p. NneXp ImWpI: 1) Zbq-_µn ]fin-x-\mb ssijv apl-ωzv BinJv Cemln ]d-bp p: Rm\pw Aivd^v Aen km\-hnbpw ssijv Jeo AlvaZv klm-d ]qcn-tbm-ssm w APvao JmP-bpsS J_-dn-S-Øn lmpdmbn. AhnsS kµ i-i {]Wm-aa n- p-ibpw {]Z- nww h p- Ibpsams snøp- p- m-bn-cp- p. AhnsSh v J_vdn-te v Xncn- p sim v Jeo AlvaZv klmd ]qcn [ym\\n `-c-\mbn Ccp- p. Np pw \S- p- -sxm pw At±lw Adn- n-cp- n-. klm-d ]q-cnbpss Ccp-Ø-Øn AZ-_p-tI-Sps A -Øn kµ i-isc mw At±-lsØ tzjy-tømss t\m p- p- m-bn-cp- p. apdm-j-_(- [ym-\w)-bn apgp-inb At±lw CsXm pw Adn- n-cp- n-. At cw Fgp-t p \n m th n ssijns\ DW Øn- qts F v km\hn Ft msv tnmzn- p. AXp -ths pw apdm-j_ `wkw hcm AXn-S-bm-Ip-sa pw Rm ]d- p. ]ns A w Ign p ssijv, apdm-j-_-bn \n v sxfn-bp-ibpw Fgp-t p \n p-ibpw snbvxp. Rß-sfm- n p ]pd-tø p hcptºmƒ Bfp-I-fpsS tzjy-tøm-ssbp t\m sø Ipdn v Rm\-t±-ltØmSv ]d p. "Rm\-sXm pw Adn- n- ; Imcy-ßƒ Aß-s\- sbms Bbn-cp-s - n \nßƒs DW Øm-am-bncp nt?' At±lw tnmzn- p.'' (X- ZvIn-dvØp Jeo 371, 372 apl-ωzv BinJv Cem-ln) APvao JmP-bpsS Z K-bn t]mbn [ym\]c-hi-\mbn Ccn- p Jeo AlvaZv klmd ]qcn-sbbpw Aivd^v Aen Alvep-kp- -bpss ASn-Ød `{Z-am-sW p a\- n-em-bn pw ax-\-ho-i-cw Nn -bn BIr- -cm-bxpsim mwv Zbq- _-µn-ø-øn\p Cu KXn kw`-hn- -Xv. A h jm Imivao-cnbpsS "ss^fp _mcn'bpw i_o AlvaZv Dkvam-\n-bpsS "^Xvlp ap lnapw' AS w \nc-h[n Zbq-_µn cn-\-ifn kp n Bi-b-ßƒ Xpd p ]d-bp Xp ImWmw. Hcn- SØv AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw as m-cn-søv Xnc-kvI-cn- p-ibpw snøp sshcp- ym-[n-jvtnx kao-]-\-amwv C p Zbq-_- µn-ø-øns G hpw henb sshieyw. AXn ]nsn p Ipe- p- n-s-ømwv _td hn-iƒ hnp-bn- p- -Xpw km\-hn-sbbpw apl-ωzv BinJv Cem-ln-sbbpw in v _m[n- -hcmbn ImWmØ Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ, Rßsf in ns h m- -fm n Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- Xv F p-sim v? _td hn-iƒ tnmzn- p p. 2) acn pt]mb-h-cpss Bflmhv am{x-a- ico-chpw `uxn-i-tem-iøv {]Xy- -s -Sp-sa v {]ap-j-cmb ]e Zbq-_-µn-Ifpw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. F) ssijp lzokv F v X_veo-Kp-Im hnti-jn- n- p ki-cnø kmln_v Fgp-Xp- p: ""Hcn- Hcp ktlm-z-cs amxmhv ac- W-s - p. s]s v aøn-øns apjw hnir-x-am-hp-ibpw hb ho Øp-hcn-Ibpw snbvxp. CXp I p {]bmk-s ]p{x {]m n- -t mƒ \_n(-kz) AhnsS {]Xy- -s -Sp- kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 15

Ibpw B kv{xobpss apjhpw hbdpw XS-hp-Ibpw snbvxp. AtXmsS B apkzo_øv \oßnt m-bn.''(^-fm-c ZdqZv 138) \_n(-kz) `uxni ico-c-tømsp IqSn h p klm-bn p F v kicnøm kmln_v Fgp-Xn-h- -t mƒ F p-sim v AXp in m-sw p ]d-bm Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ Xbm-dm-Ip- n? _n) ""ssijv AlvaZv cn^m-cu(- d) ]pwy-\-_n-bpss J_v knbm-d- Øn-s\-Øn-b-t mƒ J_vdn-te v Xncn psim v "^o lme-øn kpavzn...' F {]kn- -amb IhnX Be-]n- p-ibpw {]hm-n-is Xncp- Icw Npw_n- m F\n- -sxm p \o nøc-w-sa v At]- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. At cw Xncp-\-_n(-kz) J_vdn \n v Ahn-SpsØ hnip ssi \o n-s m-sp-øp. ssijv cn^m- Cu(-d) AXp Npw_n- p. Cu Ncn{Xkw`-h-Øn\p alv_q_p p- _vlm\o JpØp-_p d- m\o ssijv A p Jm-Zn Poem-\n(d) Dƒs ss sxmæq-dm-bncw Bfp-Iƒ km n-bmbn-cp- p. Ah s mw ]pwy \_nsb kµ in- m-\p `mkyw e`n- p.'' (^fm-c l v 130 131, ^fm-c ZmhqZv 151) Cu kw`hw kxy-am-sw p AwKo-I-cn- p ki-cnøm kmln_pw ]n Ø-e-ap-d- mcpw ]ns F -Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv \_n-tbmsv At]- n- mt\m A n- mt\m ]msn-s pw Aßs\ snbvxm "\_n(-kz) tiƒ n-s pw ]d-bp- Xv? \_n- Xn-cp-ta\n acn p atæmsv tn n-cn- p p' F v FgpXnhn (X-Jvhn-b- Øp Cuam 130) Ckvam-Cu Zlve-hn-sb hlm_n BNmcys\ Fßs\ Ch v \ymbo-i-cn- m-\m-ipw? kn) ""Hcn- Zbq-_µv Zmdp Deq-anse A[ym-]-I n-s-bn Hcp X w DS-se-Sp-Øp. h j-ß-tfmfw \o p-\n {]kvxpx X -Øn ssijp lnµv F p hnfn- -s - Sp Zmdp Deq-anse kzz apz cnkv ssijv alvaqzv lk Dƒs -ss-bp- -h tncn-xn-cn p. B ka-bøv Zmdp Deqw {]kn- U m-bn-cp ssijv d^o-d-±os dqan-te v h j-ßƒ v apºv ac- W-s - p-t]mb Zmdp Deqw ÿm]- I Jmknw \m\q-xzhn Xs `uxni icoctømspiqsn IS- p-h- p. At±lw d^o-d-±o-t\msp ]d- p: ""\nßƒ alvaqzv lk-t\msv Hcn- epw Cu X -Øn I ntn-c-cp-sx v ]d-b-ww.'' Cu hnhcw alvaqzv lks\ hnfn p d^o-d-±o ]d p. CXp I alvaqzv lk At±-l-tØmSv ]d p: ""Rm \nß-fpss ssi ]n- Sn v CXm Xu_ snøp- p. C\n Hcn- epw Cu X sø Ipdn v Rm H pw Dcn-bm-Sp-I-bn-.'' (A hm-lp kemk 261) Zbq-_-µnse D X ]fin-x-\mb Jmcn apl-ωzv Xzøn-_mWv Cu kw`hw D -cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. h jßƒ p apºv ac-w-s pt]mb Zmdp Deqw ÿm]-i Jmknw \m\qxzhn `uxni ico-c-tømsp IqSn Xs ÿm]-\-øn {]Xy- s -Sp-Ibpw ÿm]-\-ta-[m-hn-isf D]- tz-in- p-ibpw snbvxp-sh- mwv ChnsS ÿm]n- p- -Xv. Cu kw`hw hniz-kn- p Zbq-_-µn-Iƒs ßs\ ]tc-xm-flm- ƒ v `uxni temiøv CS-s]-Sm Ign-bp-sa p kp n \ne-]msv in m-sw p ]dbm Ignbpw? 3) PohnXImeØpw ac-wm-\- chpw alm-flm- sf Xh- p-em n {]m n- m-sa v Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ ]dbp- p (-A apl- Zv Ae ap^- Zv 37, klm-d ]qcn. A»n-lm-_pm-Jn_v: 56,57 lpssk AlvaZv az-\n) AtXkabw CkvXn-Kmk ]msn-s p hmzn- p-ibpw snøp- p. CkvXn-Km-kbpw Xh- pepw XXz- Øn H p-x-s -bmwv F v Camw C_v\p lp-dn sslx-an(-d)sb t]mep h ]d-bp p. ]ns F - Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv CkvXn-Kmk \S- Øp- -h apivcn- p-i-fm-sw p hn[n- p- -Xv? 4) JmZn-cn-ø, \Jvi-_-µn-ø, NnivXn-ø, kplvd h Znø F o Xzco-J-Øp-I-fpsS h m- -fmwv Xß-sf v Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ Ah-Im-i-s - Sp- p. F m, Cu Xzco-J-Øp-IfpsS aim-c-jp-am Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ in v F p ap{z-ip- Ønb Imcy-ßƒ A\p-jvTn- p-ibpw AXn\p t\xrxzw \ Ip-Ibpw snbvx-h-cm-wv. apco-zns a\- p- Im- Wm Ign-hn- mø ssijv Fß-s\- bmwv X _n-bøv \S-ØpI? temisø \nb-{ n- p JpXp- _n\v A`u-XnI m\-an- msx Fß-s\-bmWv Xs ZuXyw \n h- 16 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

- kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp De-a-bpsS {Xnh W ]Xm-I- I p t]mepw, {]hm-ni t{]aw ImcWw "A p apkvxz^m' F A]-c-\maw kzoi-cn auem\m _td hn(- d)-bp-ambn _ -ap- v. _tden ico-^n ]mdn- -fn- p ]Xm-Ibpw tic-f-ønse kp o kaqlw D]-tbm-Kn- p ]Xm-Ibpw H p-x-s -bm-wv. 29 12 1963 Imk t msv tn kakvx apim-h-d, _n Ip n lk lmpn t_mws_- bn \n p-sim- p-h _td- hn-i-fpss ]XmI AXnse hnip hn\w Hgn-hm n AwKo-I-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. 1986 apwss_-bn _td hniƒ kwl-sn- n A mcmjv{s kp n ktω-f-\-øn ka-kvx-bpss {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]s -Sp-Øn-cp- p ln- m-\m-hpi? 5) ""A m-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- Øm \Ωfpw \ΩpsS aim-c-jpamcpw A\p-jvTm\ Imcy-ß-fn Camw A_q l\o^(d)sb XJveoZv snøp- -hcpw hnizm-k-im-cy-ß-fn Camw A_p lk-\n Aiv-A-co(- d), Camw A_q-a kzq- amxzp-co-xn(- d) F n-hsc ]n p-s-cp- -hcpw atlm- -X-amb \mev kzq^n Xzco-J- I-fn-te v tn -s - -h-cp-am-ip- p'' (A apl- Zv 29,30). Cu Ah-Imi-hmZw Db Øp- -h v Aiv-Aco, axp-coxn kc-wn-i-sfbpw azvl-_p- I-sfbpw kq^o- Xz-co-J-I-sfbpw X n- -d-bp-ibpw am K-{`w-i-Øns ]m n-i-sf p hnti-jn- n- p-ibpw snøp hlm-_n-isf Fßs\ hmgvøn- -d-bm-\mipw? A i-zp JmZn-cn-bpsS "k ke' t]mep {KŸ-ß-fn-eqsSbpw a pw _td hn-iƒ Db Ønb CXp-t]m-ep tnmzyßƒ Zbq-_-µn-Isf icn pw "{]I- º\w' sim n- n- p- v. DØcw In mø Cu tnmzy-ß-fn \n p Hgn- p-am-dm-\mwv Zbq-_-µn-Iƒ {ian- m-dp- -Xv. Alvep-kp- -bpss ASn-Ød `{Z-am-sW p a\- n-embn pw ax-\-ho-i-cw Nn -bn BIr- -cm-bxpsim mwv Zbq-_-µnø-Øn\p Cu KXn kw`-hn- -Xv. A h jm Imivao-cn-bpsS "ss^fp _mcn'bpw i_o AlvaZv Dkvam-\n-bpsS "^Xvlp ap lnapw' AS w \nc-h[n Zbq- _µn cn-\-i-fn kp n Bi-bßƒ Xpd p ]d-bp Xp ImWmw. Hcn-SØv AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw as m-cn- SØv Xnc-kvI-cn- p-ibpw snøp sshcp- ym-[n-jvtnx kao-]-\-amwv C p Zbq-_-µn-ø-Øns G hpw henb sshieyw. AXn ]nsn p Ipe- p- n-s-ømwv _td hn-iƒ hnp-bn- p- -Xpw. tic-fhpw _td hn-ifpw _td hn-iƒ v tic-fob apkvenw-i-fp-ambp _ w kwl- S\m]cw F -Xn-ep-]cn BZ i-]-cam-wv. kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp Dea ChnsS Gs -SpØp \S-Ønb alm-zu-xy-am-wt m DØ-tc- y-bn AAvem lkvdøv \n h-ln- -Xv. kakvxbpss kap- X t\xmhpw 1933 se ^tdm v ktω-f-\-ønse A[y- -\p-am-bn-cp auem\m inlm-_p-±o AlvaZv timb imenbm-øn, _nzcu {]ÿm-\-ßsf Jfin- p-hm {]txyi ]cn-ioe\w t\sn-bxv dkm-jm-\n \n mbn-cp- p. Nmen-bsØ Akvl-cnøm JpXp-_p-Jm-\-bn Camw AlvaZv dkm-jm (-d)s \nc-h[n {KŸßƒ At±lw kwl-sn- n- p kq n- n- p- v. AX-h-ew-_-am- nbmwv imen-bmøn ]e {KŸ-ßfpw cnn- Xv. kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp De-a-bpsS {Xnh W ]Xm-I-I p t]mepw, {]hm-ni t{]aw ImcWw "A p apkvxz^m' F A]-c- \maw kzoi-cn auem\m _td hn(-d)-bp-ambn _ -ap- v. _tden ico-^n ]mdn- -fn- p ]Xm-Ibpw tic-f-ønse kp o kaqlw D]-tbm-Kn- p ]Xm-Ibpw H p-x-s -bm-wv. 29 12 1963 Imk t msv tn kakvx apimh-d, _n Ip n lk lmpn t_mws_-bn \n p-sim- p-h _td- hn-i-fpss ]XmI AXnse hnip hn\w Hgn-hm n AwKo-Icn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. 1986 apwss_- bn _td hniƒ kwl-sn- n A m-cmjv{s kp n ktω-f-\- Øn ka-kvx-bpss {]Xn-\n-[n- Ifpw ]s -Sp-Øn-cp- p. bp.-f.-cbnse ssijv Aen-øp lmin-an, ssijv cn^mcu XpS-ßnb temi {]ikvx ]fin-x ]s -SpØ {]kvxpx ktω-f-\-øn kakvxsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn Xv a lqw si si A_q-_Iv lkvdøv Bbn-cp- p. \ΩpsS ]e ktω-f-\- ß-fnepw Ahcpw AXn-Yn-I-fmbn FØm-dp- v. F nepw kwl- S\m]c-amb Hcp _ hpw Iq mbvabpw Ct mgpw i n-s - n- n-. tzio-b-x-e-øn Hcp Iq m-bva kp n kaq-l-øn\v IqSp-X Du w ]I-cpI Xs snøpw. \b-\n-e-]m-sp-i-fnepw {]h Ø\ coxn-i-fnepw Xo{h-k-ao- ]\w kzoi-cn- p p F -XmWv ka-kvxsb _td hn-i-fn \n pw th Xn-cn- p {][m\ LS-Iw. Alvte-l-Zo-kn-s bpw Zbq-_-µn-Ifp-s-Sbpw cq -amb FXn pw Ip^v Btcm-]-Whpw Cu Xo{h- X v Hcp Imc-W-am-bn- p- m-imw. -a- Jv_-d-I-fn kppqzv snøp- -hcpw Xzhm^v snøp- -h-cp-amwv _td hn-i-sf v Nne Btcm-]n- m-dp- v. Imcy-t_m-[-ap _td ho ]fin-x- m-scm pw AØcw A\m-Nm-c-ßsf AwKo-I-cn- p- n-s - -XmWv hmkvx-hw. Camw AlvaZv dkm-jms ]e {KŸßfpw AXn\p km n-bm-wv. kaql-øn Ib-dn- - nb AØcw Po W-X-Isf At±lhpw ]n apd mcpw i -ambn FXn Øn- p- v. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 17

A, F mwv \nßƒ ]d-bp Cu ]utcm-lnxyw? {][m\ tãmdn K^q dlvam\n Iº-f- msv kp n ]fin-x- msc bmym-ÿn- XnI-sc pw ap -am-sc pw hnfn- p hlm-_n-iƒ kz w Imense a mwp ImWmsX t]mip- -Xv. hnip Jp -B-\ns bpw lzo-kn-s bpw ]Z-ßƒ pw i -ßƒ p-a- p-d-tø p Nn n- m Ign-bmØ hc Hcp Z i-\- amwv hlm-_n-kw. ax-øn CtXh-sc-bp- mb kap- m-cw {]In-bIsf-sb mw _nzv-aøv F p Nm IpØn kap-zm-b-øns ]pdsø Be-bn si n-b-h-cm-w-hcv. Jp -B\pw lzokpw \n ±m-cww snbvxp I a-imkv{xw t{imuo-icn azvl_v Cam-ap-am-scbpw A mlp-hn\p Bcm-[-\-bn Bflotbm-XvI jw Is -Øp-Ibpw Pohn- XØn\p Ckvem-ans BNm-cßƒ - pdw ssnx\yw \ Ip- Ibpw snbvx kq^n-i-sfbpw Ah ]Sn p ]pdøp\n Øn. apkvenw kzxzhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw XnckvI-cn p ]Icw Iøn In nb lzo-kp-iƒ am{x-am-wn-kvem-sa pw _m n-sb mw ]utcm-ln-xy-øns kr n-bm-sw pw X n-hn p kzbw ]cn-jvi Øm- ƒ F Ip mbw FSp-Ø-Wn- p. tic-f-øn "ka-kvx'- msc Xncp-Øm \nbp- -cm-b-h F v hoºn-f- p-tºmƒ ax-øn-\p- nse Cu bp n-hm-zn-iƒ kb-wnãv KqVm-tem-N\bpsS Cc-I-fm-sW- -dn- 18 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

bp- n-. kp n-iƒ Cw ojv hntcm- [n-iƒ Bbn-cp- p-sh pw C Xv Xncp-Øn-sb pamwp Hcm-t -]w. {_n o-jp-im-cs `mj apkvenw hncp kwkvim-c-øns {]Xo-I-ambn-cp- p. Cw ojv cmppw Cw ojv DtZym-Khpw DXv]- hpw Ah-cpsS hnzym-`ym-khpw _ln-jvi-cn- m apkvenw ]fin-x Blzm\w snøp-ibpw P\w AXv apj-hn-es -Sp- p-ibpw snbvxn- p- v. AXv apkven-an\v Htc kabw tzi-hncp hpw ax-hn-cp- -hp-am-bn-cp- p. AXn-\m Cw ojv Xnc-kvI-cn- p. A v AXn\p ]mc-]-wn-x-h p AXns\ pdn- -dn-bn- m-xm-hp- -sxßs\? F m C p Nn{Xw BsI amdn-bn-cn- p- p. {_n ojv km{ampyw Isøm-gn cmpyßfnse mw Hgnbm t{]xw t]mse C p Cw ojv \ne-\n p-i-bm-wv. C v Cw ojv `mj temi-hym-]-iambn Hcp am[y-a-am-bn-øo n-cn- p- p. At mƒ AXv ]Tn- p- Xv Xncp-Ø-em-hp- sx-ßs\?gsxmcp kaq-l-øn-s bpw `mj ]Tn- p- Xv Ah-cpsS D]-{Z-h-Øn \n p kpc- -bm-sw Xncp-h-N\w Xs -bm-wn-xn\p t{]c-iw. C p Cw ojv aounbw \S- ØpI am{x-a Cw ojv `mj-bn azvdkm ]mt-]p-kvx-i-ßfpw Cd- nbxv B Nn -bn \n m-wp. Ime- Øns Nph-sc-gp-Øp-Iƒ a m-tc- mfpw hmbn m kp n-iƒ v Ign- n- p- v. C v ]e kp n ax- I-em-e-b-ß-fnepw ]mc-ºcy ax _ncp-z-øn-s\m w Cw ojv kmln- Xy-Øn _ncp-zhpw \ InbmWv bph-]-fin-xsc ]pd-øp-hn-sp- -Xv. s] hnzym-`ym-ksø Ipdn- mwv Nne p h- mø kwibw. apºv A cw ]Tn- ldm-am n ho n-en-cp-ønb DΩ-am-cpsS a ƒ C v h\nxm timtfpv A[ym-]n-I-amcm-sW p ]d p ]cn-l-kn- p-ibm-wv. ap n\v ap n\v kp n-iƒ h\nxm timtf-pp-iƒ ÿm]n- Xv h mø Xncp-Ø-em-bmWp Ah v txm n-b-xv. kxy-øn Fhn-sSbmWp am w kw`-hn- n-cn- p- - Xv? kv{xo hnzym-`ym-k-øn Cu am -Øn\p t{]c-i-am-b-sx- mwp F p Hcp \nanjw \mw Nn n- p- Xv \ -Xm-Wv. Imew [m Ωn-I- X p henb X-ta n- n- p- v. ssivt\m-f-pn-bpss hnim-k-øn aounb IpXn- p-nm-sp- Xv Ab m-cs kzim-cy-x-bn-te- m- Wv. ]pcp-js ssewkni tamlßƒ p apºn kv{xosbmcp hn ]-\- -c- m-bn. Ah-fpsS kuµcyhpw i kuip-am-cy-xbpw t]pnepw tãpnepw kv{io\nepw em`-s m-xn-b- am p \s mcp Ckvem-ans\ Adn-bm-Ø-h hnizkn p h n-cn- p- -Xv. C v Nne-bn-Sß-fn kv{xoiƒ p ] n-tbm-s-\p- _- n v kuicyw Hcp- n-bxv AXns Bhiyw ]cn-k-wn- m-wv. A\n-hm-cy-amb kml-n-cy-ß-fn kv{xoiƒ ]pd-øn-dßnbm AhcpsS \nkvimcw XS- -s -Sm-Xn-cn- m- \p kwhn-[m-\-am-w-xv. kv{xobpss s]mxp-cw-k-{]-thi\w D m nsim- n-cn- p Ipg- -ßƒ A -an- m-ø-xm-wv. Ahƒ v hmsf-sp- p- -h-s\ms shfn- - m-ss t]mse Jp - B ]cn-`m-jtbm lzokv {KŸ-ßtfm Hcm-h Øn hmbn pxo Ø "alm- m-\n-iƒ' CØcw hmz-ßƒ Xß-fpsS Agn- m- -Øn\p \ymbo-i-c-w-am- mdp- v. No v t]m p-emcn n Nm]-ey-am- nb CØ-c- m-cn _ k Fgp-Xnb t\mh-enãv tum. JZoP apwxmkv Hcp DZm-lcWw am{xw. IY hmbn- p-w t]mse ax-{]-am-w-ßƒ hmbn p axn-bm- p Ch v tumivs-dm-im\pw Aßs\ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- n-t. axw ]pkvx-i-øn sxcbp appm-lnzv aue-hn-am-cpss t{]xw CØcw s]æp-ßfn Bhm-ln- -s - n-s - nte A p-x-ap- q. aqe-[-\-am-bn-cn- p- p. Cu [m Ωn-I- X-bpsS IS-]p-g-I-en-, Acp-Xm-bva-IfpsS IpsØm-gp- n ax-ßƒ s]mxp-shbpw apkvenw-iƒ {]txy- In pw XS-b-W-Iƒ ]Wn-bm-\mWp ]Wn-s -Sp- -Xv. CØcw Hcp {]Xntcm[w Xo p- Xv Ht sd hnhm-zßƒ p hgn-sh- p- p- v F Xv kxy-am-wv. kv{xo A -S- -Øns then s]mfn p ]pd-øp-h p s^an-\nkw XI Øm-Sp-tºmƒ ax-adn-bm-ø-h Cu kzmx-{ y-øns al-xz-øn s]cp-º-d-b-sn- p-i-bm- Wv. ]S- -hs\ Bcm-[n- m s]æp-ßƒ p hosm-wp-ø-a-sa p tiƒ p-tºmƒ AXv ]pcpj ta[mhnxz ]ptcm-lnx h K-Øns KqVm-tem-N-\-bm-sW pw apkvenw kv{xoi-fpss Bcm-[\m kzmx-{ y- Øn\p th n c mw t {X-{]-thi\ hnfw-_cw Bh-iy-am-sW pw ]d-bp- -h ]ptcm-k-a-\-hm-zn-ifpw \thm- m\ \mb-i-cp-am-sw mwp Ah-bn-sem-s bpw Cc-bpsS tbmkw Xs -tb-bp- q-sh- Xpw {it -b-am- Wv. kv{xo F n-\mwndßn ]pd-s - n-cn- p- Xv? Ah-fpsS Ah-Im-ißƒ p th n? cmpmhv kz w cmpy-øns kwc- -W-Øn\p ]S- - -b-wn v s]mcpxn c -km- nbm-bm ]ns \msv `cn- m cmpmhp- m-hptam? AXpsIm v Ckvemw ]d p: kv{xosb D]-I-c- W-am- p-i-b Hcp Aam-\-Ømbn kq n- p-i-bmwv th -Xv. \msv `cn- m\pw t]mc-sn- m\pw tndp ]pc-fm\pw Ah-fn-dtß F pw. CsXms \ΩpsS \m nse appmlnzv aue-hn-am p-a-dn-bm- n- -. ]pd-sa-\n p Nm Ø-s -Sp ]ptcm- K-a-\-Øns tae- n p th nbp I]-S-\m-S-I-am-W-h-cp-tS-Xv. kxy-øn, kv{xoiƒ FgpØp]Tn- p- Xv \ncp- m-l-s -Sp-Øp Hcp lzokv h n- p- v Zp _-e-amsw p A`n-{]m-b-s - n- p-s - nepw. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 19

ImcWw, {]mno\ Ime-L- -Øn FgpØv A[n-ImcØns bpw DtZym-K-Øn-s bpw AS-bm-f-am-bn-cp- p. kv{xo A[n-Im-chpw DtZym-Khpw Iøm-fp- Xn\p hne- p m-bn-cp p. Ah-fpsS {]Ir-X-Øn\p tbmpn- -X- mø H m-b-xn-\m-emwv AØcw tkh-\-øn \n p Ahsf am n-\n Øn-b-Xv. As - nepw `c-w-sa- m Ckvem-an A[n-Im-c-Øns ]cym-b-a-, adn v DØ-c-hm- Zn-Xz-am-Wv. kq n p Iøm-tf Hcp Aam-\-Øv. Cu kml-n-cy-øn-emwv kv{xo ho n Ccp- m axnsb pw Ah-fp-sSbpw Ip n-i-fp-ssbpw ` -W- -kw-c- - W- p-a-xe ]pcp-j-\n \n n-]vx-am-sw- p-ap Ckvem-anI Z i\w. AXp Xs -bmwp kp n ]fin- X am-scbpw \bn- -Xv. A msx ]ptcm-lnx h K- Øns ]pcp-j-ta t m-bva-b-. C v kv{xoisf sxcphn-en-d n Nqj-tWm-]-I-c-W-am- p hnzy Ahcv ]Tn- n- n-. ]ns B lzo-kp-iƒ Cs -hnss t]mbn F -Xm-bn-cn pw tnmzyw. DØcw CXmWp: C v hnzym- `ymkw DtZymKtam `c-wtam D w h p- -X-. ]pxptem-iøv Hcp km[m-cw Pohn-X-Øn\p Xs C p \ hnzym-`ymkw AXym-h-iy-am-Wp. kzk- m-\-ßsf \ kwkvim-c-ap- -h-cmbn hf Øn-sb-Sp- pi F aueni[ aw \n h-ln- m Ahƒ n v Adnhv Bhiy-am-Wv. Hcp IpSpw-_n-\n-sb \ne-bn Hcp \ Pohn-X-Øn-\m-h-iy-am-b-sX pw ]Tn- p-i-sb- Xv AhfpsS A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wp. ]Tn p tpmen t\sn Ahƒ v th [\w Ahƒ kam-l-cn- pi Ah-fpsS _m[y-x-b-s - w. F ph p ` Øm-hns A[zm\w XnI-bmsX hcp-itbm Abmƒ p AXn\p km[y-am-hmsx hcp-itbm snøp kml-n-cy-øn tpmen snøp- Xv Ckvemw hne- p- n- -Xm-\pw. CsX mw Ipg- -ßƒ p hgn-h- mø coxn-bn A -S- hpw kpc- n-xxzhpw Dd- p-h-cp-øn-s m- mbn-cn- -W-sa- p-am-{xw. AXn-se mw D]cn axsø hni-e-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- -s -Sp Cu kml-n-cy- Øn AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- m\pw h\nxm timtf-pp- Iƒ Bh-iy-am-bn-cn- p- p. kwl-s-\-bp- m- m\pw t\m o-skm- n- m\pw kv{xoiƒ BhiyamsW p hcp- n-. h\n-x-i-fpss D X ax-]-t-\-øn\v kp n-iƒ FXn-c-. Ign- -Ime ]fin-x am Xß-fpsS s] a ƒ p ho n InXm_v HmXn-s m-sp-øn- p- v. C pw Bh-iy-Øn\p AØcw kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw kp n-iƒ p- v. ]t, kv{xoitfmsv Jmkn Npa-Xe hln- m\pw ] n Camw BIm\pw PpapA \bn- m\pw s]mxp-{]-kwkw \S-Øm\pw Ckvemw ]d- n- n-. \ hnizm-kn-\n-iƒ p amxr-i-bmb Hcp ]msv h\n-x-iƒ Ncn-{X-Øn D m-bn- p- v. Ah Bcm-[-\- bn-eq-ssbpw Bfl- m-\-øn-eq-ss-bp-am-bn-cp p B al-\ob ÿm\w Ae- -cn- n-cp- -Xv. A msx "]pcp-j- ]u-tcm-ln-xysø' sh p-hn-fn p PpapA JpXzp-_ v t\xrxzw hln Ban\m hzq-zp-am-cpss coxn-b-. Jp - B\pw {]hm-n-i\pw kv{xo p am\y-amb tdmƒ \ In-bn-cp- p-sh pw ]n osp h ]fin-x am AXv XS-bp-I-bm-bn-cp- p-sh pw \nco- n- p s]sæ-gp-øp-ifpw {]kw-k-ßfpw kv{xo kzmx-{ y- Øn\p th n-bp t]mcm- - m-cpss Bbp-[-am-Wp. hmsf-sp- p- -h-s\ms shfn- - m-ss t]mse Jp - B ]cn-`m-jtbm lzokv {KŸ-ßtfm Hcm-h Øn hmbn pxo Ø "alm- m-\n-iƒ' CØcw hmz-ßƒ Xß-fpsS Agn- m- -Øn\p \ymbo-i-c-w-am- mdp- v. No v t]m p-emcn n Nm]-ey-am- nb CØ-c- m-cn _ k Fgp-Xnb t\mh-enãv tum. JZoP apwxmkv Hcp DZm-l-cWw am{xw. IY hmbn- p-w t]mse ax-{]- am-w-ßƒ hmbn p axn-bm- p Ch v tumivs-dm- Im\pw Aßs\ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- n-t. axw ]pkvx-i- Øn sxc-bp appm-lnzv aue-hn-am-cpss t{]xw CØcw s]æp-ß-fn Bhm-ln- -s - n-s - nte A p-x-ap- q. Jp -B sim v Fß-s\-bmWv Pohn- pi F v ImWn- p-sim-spø {]hm-n-is\ ]n p- S kzlm-_n-ifn \n p ]I p-in- nb A\p-`hpw Bhn-jvIm-c-hp-amWv apkvenw Pohn-X-Øn\p hgn-im-t - -Xv. kv{xoiƒ p {UkvtImUv Ckvem-ans t]cn ]ptcm-ln-x- am ASn-t n- -Xm-sW- mwp NnecpsS Bt -]w. IdpØ lnpm_v [cn Xcp-Wn-Isf apkvenw dmun- -en-k-øns Nn -ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p aoun-b-i-fm-wv hn -. Idp v \ndw Akzm-X- { y-øn-s bpw ASn- -a Ø-en-s bpw D]-I-c-W-ambmWv ImWp- -Xv. bym -Øn Idp-Ø -\n-d-øn- 20 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

Ah bty w tjm nwkv amfp-i-fnepw D -h- -d-ºp-i-fnepw sskzc-hn-lmcw \S-Øp- Xv Ah-cpsS kpc- n-xz-øn\v `oj-wn-bm-sw- -Xn kwi-b-an-. Ima-sh-dn-b am-cmb ]pcp-j am-cn \n p Ahsc c n- m kpc- -Iƒ I i-\-am- n-bxp sim p km[n- p-ambn-cp- p-sh- n D X kmaq-lni kpc- n-xxzw \ne-\n p cmpy-ß-fn-se- nepw km[n-t - n-bn-cp- p. AØcw cmpy-ß-fn-emwv Ahƒ G hpw Cc-bm-tI- n-h-cp- -Xv F Xv {it -b-am-wv ep ] Xs -bm-hww kv{xo thj-sa p Ckvemw I n- n- n-. kv{xo thjw kuµcyw shfn-s -Sp- -Xm-h-cp-Xv F v I n- n- p- v. AXv a\- n\v tcmkw _m[n- h p Ipg- -Øn\p Imc-W-am-hpw F mwp Jp -B ]d- -Xv. kv{xo kzim-cy-xbpw Ah-fpsS kuµ-cyhpw Ah-fpsS thjhpw G hpw hn]-w-\-km-[y-x-bp hkvxp-hm-bmwv temiw ImWp- -Xv. AXv G hpw lo\hpw Atß-b w kv{xohn-cp- -hp-am-sw p kω-xn- p- Xv s^an-\nãp-iƒ Xs -bm- Wp. Cu FIvk-n_n-j-\nÃp a\xÿnxn h p ]pe Øp s] Ip- n-iƒ Nmcn-{Xyhpw (A-ßs\ H ps - n ) Poh\pw \ -am-sb- Xn\p tijw Ah-Im-in-I-fpsS Iønte p G n -s -Sp ImgvN-bm- Wn- p- -Xv. F m, IdpØ ] ± [mcn-wn- Iƒ Cu thj-øn-eqss Nqj- I pw at\m-tcm-kn-iƒ pw hy - amb Hcp ktµiw \ Ip- p- v. Rßƒ D]-I-c-W-ßtfm ]mh-itfm A ; Cu kuµcyw ]cm-kzm-z-\- Øn-\p- -X F -Xm-W-Xv. AXv Ahƒ kzbw sxc-s -Sp- p \ne-]m-sm-wwv. AXv kzmx- { yhpw Bfl-m`n-am-\-hp-amWv. Iptd- qsn ]Izhpw kxy-k- -hpam-w-xv. AXns\ ]n n-cn- -\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -h-cpss hnizm-ky- Xbpw Dt±-i-ip- n-bp-amwv tnmzyw snø-s -ts- -Xv. AXv ASn-t n- p- -Xm-sW hmzw icn-b-. A -S- -Øn-s bpw [m an-i-x-bpssbpw ax-im-k-\-bp-ssbpw `mkambn Xs -bm-w-xv kaqlw ImWp- -Xv. Ah bty w tjm nwkv amfp- I-fnepw D -h- -d-ºp-i-fnepw sskzc-hn-lmcw \S-Øp- Xv AhcpsS kpc- n-xz-øn\v `oj-wn-bmsw- -Xn kwi-b-an-. Ima-sh-dnb am-cmb ]pcp-j am-cn \n p Ahsc c n- m kpc- -Iƒ I i-\-am- n-bxp sim p km[n- p-am-bn-cp- p-sh- n D X kmaqlni kpc- n-xxzw \ne- \n p cmpy-ß-fn-se- nepw km[n-t - n-bn-cp- p. AØcw cmpy-ß-fn-emwv Ahƒ G hpw Cc-bm-tI- n-h-cp- -Xv F Xv {it -b-am-wv. IpSpw_w F kwhn-[m\w Xs Hcp ]g- -YbmWhnS-ß-fn. B`m-k-ßƒ p kv{xokzmx-{ y-sa p hnfn- m am{xw \mw hnuvvn-i-f-bn- q-sm. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 21

kakvxx a[y-ta-je Deam ktω-f\w Db Øp- Nn ktω-f\ ^o tim p-ae SnFw _m p apkven-bm (P-\-d I ho-\, kzmk-x-kwlw) lnpvd 21 simsp-ß- q tncam akvpnzv \n an- -Xmbpw apl- ΩZv _n amen-ins\ Jmkn-bmbn \nb-an- -s - -Xmbpw dmhp-_lvzq kn. tkm]m-e \mb-cpss "ae-bm-f- Ønse am n-f-am ' F ]pkvx-i- Øn ]d-bp- p- v. 1498 hmkvtkm- Un-Kma Im msv I -en-d-ßp- Xv hsc-bp GXm v F c \q m- p- Imew apkvenw-i-fpss kph W-Ime-ambn IW- m- mw. {][m-\-ambpw B \ Ime- Øns khn-ti-jx sfiyhpw Deam t\xr-xz-øns \nb-{ - Whpw D m-bn-cp p F p Xs bm-wv. ]n o-sp GXm v \mev \q m v sshtz-inim{ia-ß-fn {]Xn-tcm-[n- -s - Hcp P\-X-bmbn apkvenw-iƒ HXp- -s - p. F nepw B henb sh p-hnfn t\cn-sm apkvenw-iƒ v km[y-am-bxv Ah v ani t\xr-xzhpw BZ i-sf-iyhpw D Xp sim m- Wv. {]hm-n-i (-kz)-bpss h^m- Øns ]Øv h j-ßƒ v ]ndsi Jmknsb \nb-a-n -s {]tziw F \ne v al-ømb ]mc- ºcyah-Im-i-s -Sm-hp A`n-am- \hpw apkvenw ssic-fn- p v. Ccp-]Xmw \q m- ns ]q -]mz- Øn tic-f-øn Dcp-Øn-cn- ssiyney Nn -Iƒ apkvenw kaql-øns `mhn-bn hcp-øm-\n-sbp henb A]I-S-ßƒ ]fin- X-scbpw kmzm-øp- -sfbpw I Ω- \n-c-x-cm- n. 1925 {]apj ]finx amcpw kap-zmb t\xm- fpw timgn-t msv henb Ppam-a-kvPn-Zn ktω-fn- p. \o Kuc-h-ta-dnb N -Iƒ ptijw Hcp ]finx k`bv v cq]w simsp- p-ibpw snb-vxp. si- 22 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

hnip Ckvem-ans\ kaq-l-øn\v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp- Øp Xpw kap-zm-b-øns Zni sx msx \nb-{ n- p- Xpw De-am- -fm-wv. AXXv Ime-ßƒ Db Øp ka-ky-i v DØcw ImWp- Xpw Deam- ƒ Xs. AXn-\m Ah-cpsS Npa-X-ebpw Pm{K-Xbpw hne-s - -Xmbn hcp p. Ah v ImenI sh p-hn-fn-iƒ t\cn-sm-\p IcpØp ]I-cp-I-bmWv ktω-f-\-øns apjy-e- yw. axw, BZ iw, {]ÿm\w F n-h-bn-eq- nb G hpw {]k- -amb aq p hnj-b-ß-fmwv Deam ktω-f\w N p hnt[-b-am- p- -Xv ]n apl-ωzv aodm apkvenbm, ]mtdm lpssk auehn F nh bym-{iaw kwl-s-\-bpss {]kn-u- v, sk{i- -dn-am-cmbn sxc-s -Sp- -s - p. ]pxp-xmbn cq]w-sim ]finx k` Hcph j-øn-\p- n Øs \nc-h[n {]`m-jw kz- p-iƒ kwl-sn- n- p. 1926 Pq 26 \v kønzv inlm-_p±o sndp-ip- n-t mb XßfpsS t\xr-xz-øn kwÿm-\-sam- p- p-ap {]i-kvx-cmb ]WvUn-X am ]s -SpØ Hcp alm-k-tω-f\w timgn-t msv Su lmfn \S- p-i-bp- m-bn. {]kvxpx I h j\n \ne-hn-ep- m-bn-cp ]fin-x-k-`sb ]p\xkwl-sn- n- p-ibpw kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp De-a-sb t]cn AXn\v kºq Æ- kwl- S\m cq]w Bhn-jvI-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. hc- _m Aehn ap -t mb Xßsf ka-kvx-bpss {]Ya {]kn-u mbn I h j \ma-\n t±iw snbvxp. ]mßn AlvaZvIp n apkvenbm, A_p ljv apl-ωzv A_vZp _mcn apkvenbm, si-fw A_vZp JmZn apkvenbm, si]n apl-ωzv aodm apkvenbm F n-h {]Ya IΩ-n n-bnse D]m-[y- am-cmbpw ]nhn apl-ωzv apkvenbm, ]nsi apl-ωzv apkvenbm F n-h sk{i- -dn-am-cmbpw sxc-s -Sp- -s - p. \nbahnz-kv[ am-cpss D]-tZ-i-ßƒ -\p-kr-x-ambn \nc-h[n apimhd tbmk-ß-fnse kpoh N -Iƒs m-sp-hn Xøm-dm s kakvx `cwls\ Kh sa v AwKo-I-cn- -txmss, 1934 \hw-_ 14\v kakvx HutZym-Kn-I-ambn cpn-ã snø-s - p (c-pn.- \-º : S1 1934-35) ka-kvx-bpss {][m\ e y-ßƒ Ch-bm-Wv: 1) Alvep p- Ønh P-amA-Øns bym Bi-bm-Z i-ßƒ -\p-k-cn v CkvemanI hnizm-k-ß-sfbpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-sfbpw {]t_m- [-\-w snøp-ibpw {]Ncn- n- p-ibpw snøpi. 2) Alvep p- -Ønh Pam-A-Øns Bi-bm-Z i-ßƒs -Xnsc {]h Øn- p kwl-s-\-i-sfbpw Ah-cpsS Ip{]-N-c-W-ß-sfbpw \nb-am-\p-kr-xambn FXn p-ibpw sndp- p-ibpw snøpi. 3) apkvenw kap-zmb-øns Ah-Imi kwc- -W-Øn-\mbn \ne-sim- p-i. 4) ax-hn- Zym-`ym-k-Øn\v Du simsp- p-ibpw ax-hn-izm-k-tømspw axkw-kvim-c-tømspw ssitim Øp-t]m-Ip atx-xc hnzym-`ymksø t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw AXn-\mh-iy-am-bXv snøp-ibpw snøp-i. 5) A -hn-izm-k-ßƒ, Acm-P-I-Xzw, A[m an-i-x, Ass\Iyw F nh XpS- p-\o n samø- Øn apkvenw kap-zm-b-øns t a- Øn\pw D -a-\-øn-\p-ambn {]h Øn p- I. 1925 apx 1950 hsc s]mxp-k-tω-f-\- ßƒ, Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-ßƒ, N m-th-zn-iƒ XpS-ßn-bh kwl-sn- n- p- -Xn-emWv "kakvx' IqSp-X {i ]Xn- n- -Xv. 1927 \pw 1944- \p-an-s-bn hºn P\-{i- bm-i jn 15 hm jni ktω-f-\-ßƒ hyxykvx ÿe-ß-fn kwl-sn- n- p. 1950- HmsS kwl-s\ tic-f-øn IqSp-X thcq- p-ibpw i n-{]m-]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. ]n osv F p s]mxp-k-tω-f-\- ßƒ IqSn \S-Øn. timgn-t msv IS- p-døv \S 1985 se 24 masøbpw 1996se 25 masøbpw s]mxp-k-tω-f-\-ßƒ P-\- km-k-cw Xo Øhbm-bn-cp- p. Imk tim-uv, timgn-t msv, Xriq, sim w, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw F o A p {][m\ \K-c-ß-fn s]mxp-k-tω-f-\-ßƒ kwl-sn- n v "kakvx' 2002 AXns πm n\w Pq_nen kap-nn-x-ambn BtLmjn- p. Ct mƒ kakvx hnhn[ ti-{µ-ßfn DeamAv ktω-f-\-ßƒ kwl-sn- n- ph-cn-i-bmwv. 2011 Unkw-_ amkw 85 mw hm jni ktω-f\w ae- p-døv \S-Øm Xocp-am-\n- n- p- v. 2011 sabv 11\v Imk t m-sv, IÆq, timgn-t m-sv, hb-\msv, \oe-kn-cn, ae- p-dw, ]me- msv Pn -Iƒ Dƒs m- p a[y-ta- Je Deam ktω-f\w \S- p p. Cu Pn -I-fnse ] n- -a-zvdk, Ad-_nIv timtf-pp-iƒ F n-hn-s-ß-fn tkh-\-a-\pjvtn- p Im e- Øne-[nIw hcp ]fin-x-cpss Iq m-bva-bmwv \S- m-\n-cn- p- -Xv. hnip Ckvem-ans\ kaq-l- Øn\v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp Xpw kap-zm-b- Øns Zni sx msx \nb-{ n- p- Xpw De-am- -fm-wv. AXXv Ime-ßƒ Db Øp ka-ky-i v DØcw ImWp- Xpw De-am- ƒ Xs. AXn-\m AhcpsS Npa-X-ebpw Pm{K-Xbpw hne-s - - Xmbn hcp p. Ah v ImenI sh p-hnfn-iƒ t\cn-sm-\p IcpØp ]I-cp-IbmWv ktω-f-\-øns apjy-e- yw. axw, BZ iw, {]ÿm\w F n-h-bn-eq- nb G hpw {]k- -amb aq p hnj-b-ß-fmwv ktω-f\w N p hnt[-b-am- p- -Xv. hyxykvx {]iv\-ßƒ ssiimcyw snøp-hm hnhn[ t]mjils-i-ßƒ cq]o-i-cn- p. 1951- sk]vxw-_ 17- \v auem\m A_p ljv A_vZp _mcn kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 23

apkven-bm-cpss Im an-i-xz-øn hmf- pfw ]pxp- -dºv Ppam-a-kvPn-Zn \S Hcp kp{]-[m\ tbmk-øn 33 AwK kakvx ticf CkvemwaX hnzym-`ymk t_m Uv \n m-li kanxn cq]o-ir-x-ambn. CXneqsS {]my-ani ax-hn-zym-`ymk {]h Ø\ cwkøv kakvx {]th-in- p. Ct mƒ 9025 azvd-k-ifpw 1108610 hnzym n-ifpw 84216 A[ym-]-Icpw DƒsIm- p alm-{]-ÿm-\- ambn hnzym-`ymk t_m Uv hf p. kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp apa- nao, t_m Un\p Iogn {]h Øn- p A[ym-]-I-cpsS kwl-i- n-bm-wv. Cu A[ym-]I kwl-s-\ v ti{µ-i-ωn- n IqSmsX tic-f-øn-epw ]pd-øp-ambn 17 Pn m LS-I-ßfpw 403 ssd v IΩn n-i-fpap- v. 1954 G{]n 25 \v Xm\q-cn h v kakvxbpss -k-tω-f\w \S- p. bph-k-aq-lsøbpw s]mxp-p-\-søbpw ka-kvx-bpss Iogn AWn-\n-c-Øp-I, Xmsg X p-apx Xs ka-kvx p hyh-ÿm]nx kwl- S\m cq]w \ IpI XpS-ßnb Dt±-itØmsS, ka-kvx- p-io-gn Hcp bphp\ {]ÿm\w cq]o-i-cn- m ktω-f-\-øn h v Xocp-am\n p. G{]n 26 \v timgnt ms A km-dp Ckvemw Hm^o-kn h mwv kp n bph-p\kwlw P asaspøxv. Ct mƒ Cu bph-p\ kwl-øn\v tic-f-ønse F m Pn -Ifnepw {]txyi IΩn- n-ifpw tic-f-øn-\- IØpw ]pdøpw imj-ifpw \ne-hn-ep- v. 1961 I m v kwl-sn- n- -s 21 maxv s]mxp ktω-f-\-øn h v kp n bph- P\kwLsØ Hcp t]mji kwl-s-\- bmbn kakvx AwKo-I-cn- p. kwÿm-\sø apkvenw al- p-i-fpss {]h Ø-\-ßƒ v Hcp kwl-snx cq]w \ IpI F e y-tømss 1976 G{]n 26\v snωmsv \S Xncq Xmeq v kakvx ktω-f-\-øn kakvx t\xm- ƒ kp n al v s^u-td-j (F-kv-Fw- F-^v) F al p kwl-s\ p cq]w simsp-øp. ka-kvx-bpss Cu t]mj-i-hn- `mkw {]txy-in v al- p-isf GtIm-]n- n- p Imcy-Øn {it -b-amb \nc-h[n t\ -ßƒ ImgvNsh p-i-bp- mbn. Ct mƒ al- p-iƒ v AwKo-Imcw \ In kwl-s\ IqSp-X i -ambn {]h Øn- p-h-cp- p. apkvenw hnzym n-isf ka-kvx- piogn kwl-sn- n- p-ibpw Ahsc DZm-Ø-amb [ Ω\njvTbp- Pohn-X-Ønte v hgn-\-s-øp-ibpw snøpi F e y-tømss 1989 s^{_phcn 19 \mwv kakvx t\xm- -fpss B`n-ap-Jy-Øn FkvsI-Fkv-F-kv-F^v F hnzym n kwl- S\ ÿm]n- -s -Sp- Xv. ani \nc-h[n {]h Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS kwl-s\ henb hf t\sn-bn- p- v. kp n _methzn, kakvx ticf CkvemwaX hnzym- `ymk]co m t_m Uv, a{zkm amt\-pvsa- v Atkm-kn-tb-j, kakvx tic-f apkvenw Fwtπm-bokv Atkm-kn-tb-j F o t]mji kwl-s-\-iƒiqsn ka-kvx-bpss Iogn {]h Øn p-sim- n-cn- p- p-. kap-zm-b-øn-\-iøv ka-kvx-bpss aln-x-amb ktµi {]NcWw km[y-am- p- Xv \nc-h[n {]kn- o-i-c-w-ßƒ aptj-\-bm-wv. BZyw Ad-_n-a-e-bm-f-Ønepw ]n osv 1954 ae-bm-f-ønepw A _bm F amkni {]kn- o-i-cn p. 1959 PwCø-Øp apa- n-ao AXns apj-]-{x-amb "A ap-a nw' (ss{xam-kn-i) {]kn- o-i-cn- p-xp-s-ßn. 1977 AXv amkn-i-bmbn ]p\x{]kn- o-icn- p XpS-ßn. Ip n-iƒ mbn "Ipcp- p-iƒ' F t]cnepw kv{xoiƒ pw IpSpw-_n-\n-Iƒ p-ambn "k p-jvs-ip-spw_w' F t]cnepw c p {][m-\-s amkn-i-iƒ IqSn Pw-C-ø-Øp apa- nao {]kn- o-icn- p p- v. Ipcp- p-iƒ I U `mj-bnepw {]kn- o-i-cn- p- p. kap-zm-b-øn\v samø-ønepw kv{xo kaq-l-øn\v {]txy-in pw CkvemanI hmb-\-bpss \hym-\p-`qxn ]I p \ Ip-I-sb- - XmWv IpSpw-_- am-kn-i-bmb "k pjvs IpSpw-_'-Øns e yw. tic-f-øn G -hp-a-[niw hcn- mcpw hmb-\- m-cp-ap CkvemanI amkn-i-bmwv k p IpSpw_w. kp n A^vIm hmcn-ibpw(f-kv-sshf-kv), kxy-[mc sszzhmcn-ibpw(f-kv-sif-kvf-kvf-^v) {]kn- o-i-cn psim n-cn- p- p. snωmsv Zmdp lpzm CkvemanIv bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bn \n v "sxfn w' ae-bmf amkn-ibpw PmanA: \qcnø:bn \n v "A q ', ]d- q k_o-ep lnzm-b-bn \n v "A lvf' Ad_n amkn- Ibpw {]kn- o-i-cn- p- p. GsXmcp kwl-s-\-sbbpw t]mse `n- n- p-iƒ ka-kvx-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn-s bpw `mk-am-bn- p- v. 60- -I-fn X_veoKv Pam-A-Øn-s\- Xnsc kakvx ssis m Xocp-am-\-Øn {]Xn-tj-[n v Nne -]- fin-x- m kakvx hnsp-ibpw AJn-e-tI-cf PwC-ø-Øp Deam F kwl-s-\ v cq]w \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. {]m -\-I-fn D -`m-jnwn D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv ax-hn-cp- -amsw v ka-kvx-bn-ep- m-bn-cp {it -b-\m-sbmcp ]fin-x A`n- {]m-b-s - - -t mƒ kakvx HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AtZ-l-Øns \ne-]m- Sp-Isf FXn Øp. XXv^-e-ambn At±lw k-a-kvx-bn \n v cmpnsh- p-i-bpw ticf kwÿm\ PwC-ø-Øp De-a-sb kwl-s- \ v cq]w \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. \ncp-ø-c-hm-z-]-c-amb Nne -{]-h Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-Xn-\m Im -]pcw A_q-_-Iv apkven-bm AS w GXm\pw Nne v Cu alm-{]-ÿm-\-øn \n v ]pd-øp-t]m-ti- n-h- p. AJnte ym kp n PwC- -ø-øp Dea F kwl-s-\ v cq]w \ In At±lw {]h Øn- p-h-cp p. ticf apkvenw-i-fn G -hp-a-[niw kzm[o-\hpw hnizm-ky- Xbpw t\snb alm-{]-ÿm-\-amwv kakvx. hnti-{µo-irx t\xr-co- Xn-bn \n v ti{µo-irx coxn-bn-te v Imse-SpØph psim v ]mc-º-cy-ambn apkvenw- DΩØv ssis m- n-cp F m coxn-ifpw ss]xr-ihpw ]cn-c- n- p GI B[n-Im-cnI ]finxk` kakvx ticf PwC-ø-Øp Dea am{x-am-wv. 24 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

Xncp-k- n-[n-bn sn -W-bp p A_qaq-k Aiv-Acn kxym-t\z-jn-bpss PohnXk m-c-ßƒ/aq v ss^kn A_q-\p-Avam Acn{] aplm-pn-dp-iƒ l_vin-b-bn \n p as-ßp-i-bm-wv. ]Xn-\ v h jßƒ v apºv l_vin-b-bn-se-ønb PAv^dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_n(- d)\pw kwl-øn\pw A_q-aq-k Aiv-A-co(-d) pw kwl-øn\pw c p hn`m-k-øn\pw bm{x snøm Hmtcm I G ]msp snbvxn- p- v. Ccp hn`m-khpw Ah-c-h-cpsS I -ep-i-fn Ibdn CSw ]nsn- p. bm{x- m Ib-dn- -gn- -txmss I ]pd-s - p. Znh-k-ßtfmfw I kap-{z-øn-eqss Cg- p-\o-ßn HSp-hn A_-hm-Av IS Xo-cØv sn -W- p. F m-hcpw I -en \n n-d-ßn. a\- p-i-sfms azo-\-bn-te v Xncn p. {]hmni Z i\w km[y-am-hm-\n-cn- p \nan-j-ßƒ, {]hm- NI kmao-]y-øns ku`mkyw A\p-`-hn- -dn-bm-\p Ah-k-c-ßƒ. F nepw Hcp kz]v\w t]mse a\-xm-cn Db p-h-cn-i-bm-sw mh-cnepw. CXn a - m-cn H pw ]pd-in-e- ba-\n-ifpw, azo-\-bn-te- -Sp- pw-txmdpw Bthiw h [n- p-i-bm-wv. DlvZv ] -X-Øns Db-c-Ønep ]md- - p-iƒ t\{xzr n-bn ]Xn-bm XpS-ßn-b-t mƒ Ah D -Øn ]msn: ""KZ \ J Aln /apl-ω-z h lnkv_'' (\msf Rßƒ CjvT amsc ImWpw, apl-ω-zn-s\bpw kwl-sø-bpw) AXyp- - Øn Cu hcn-iƒ ]msn-s m- n-cp- p. azo-\- m Cu hmlikwlsø FXn-tc- p. Ah-cpsS BK-a-\-Øn AXn-c v kt mjn- p. ]t, ]pcp-j am-cpss Ipdhpw Ip n-i-fpss B[n-Iyhpw AhcpsS a\- p-isf Nn n- n. DS {]hm-n-is\ Ipdn- -h tnmzn- -dn- kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 25

A_q-aq-km(-d) {]hm-n-is ASp-Øn-cp- p. At±-lsØ {]hm-n-i kt m-j-a-dn-bn- p. a -bn At±lw h Xv ad- p-i-bn-s - dn-bn- p. AXp ti A_q-aqk ]q t m-]cn k p-jvs-\m-bn. ]t, _Zvdnepw DlvZnepw J -Jnepw ssj_-dn-epw \S ka-c-ßƒ \ -s ZpxJw At±lw {]I-S-am- n. DS \_n(-kz) {]Xn-I-cn- p: ""At±-lhpw a p kzlm-_n-ifpw ImØn-cn- p \o ka-cßƒ C\nbpw hcm-\p- v.'' Cu kp-hn-tijw At±-l-Øns apjsø {]k- -am- n. p. {]hm-n-i ssj_-dn-em-sw pw azo-\sb h -\- bn-eqss ]nsn- -S- m {ian PqXsc ]mtw ]Tn- n p Ah-cpsS tim -Iƒ A[o-\-Øn-em- p {ia-øn-em-sw- pw Ah hnhcw \ In. {]hm-n-is A`m-hsØ Ipdn- p hm Ø Ahsc ZpxJnX-cm- n. AX-h-cpsS kt mj \nan-j-ßƒ v aß-te n- p. F nepw {]hm-ni {]Xn-\n[n kn_m-d_v\p D ^p-xzøv(d) Ahsc azo-\-bn-te v kzoi-cn- m-\-bn- p. kn_m-c-t\m-sh {]hm-nicpss Acn-In-te v Xncn- m A\p-hmZw tnmzn- p. At±lw Ah -Xn\p kωxw \ In. hml- \-ßfpw ` -W-ßfpw G ]msv snbvxp bm{x Xncn- p. aplm-pn-dp-iƒ ho pw Hcp bm{x XpS-ßn. Dt±iyw \nd-th-dp- Xv hsc bm{x snøm Xs -bmwv Xocp-am- \w. ]n n- - \m-fp-i-fnse kap-{z-bm-{x-bpss oww kln- p-sim v Xs Zo L-amb Hcp acp-`qan bm{x IqSn Bcw-`n- p-i-bm-wv. {]hm-n-is\ t\cn ImW-Ww, lkvx-zm\w snø-ww, si n- n-sn- m-t«-jn- -Ww. B [\y \nan-j-ßƒ Ah-cpsS lrz-b-ß-fn Dt -i-øns i n h [n- n- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. azo-\-bpss hs p ssj_-dns\ e y-an- -h \S pxps-ßn. Znh-k-ßtfmfw B bm{x XpS p. \_n(-kz)sb Btcm hnhcadn-bn- p; -A-iv-A-cn-Iƒ hcp- p-sh hnhcw. k p-jvs\mb \_n(-kz) B hm Ø A\p-N-c amsc t_m[y-s -Sp-Øn. "bjvzpap Asse pw AJvhm-ap lpw Ad-Jp- an pw Jpeq- _ ' (\nß-sf- mƒ lrzb ss\ a-ey-ap Nne kaql-ßƒ \nß-fn-te v h p-sim- n-cn- p- p.) Ah {]hm-nik n-[n-bn-se-øn. hfsc Bth-itØmsS \_n(kz) Ahsc kzoi-cn- p. Ah a -bn h Xpw Ckvem-a-X-am-t«-jn- Xpw Ah-cpsS kaq-l- Øn Ckvem-anI {]t_m[w \S-Øn-bXpw \_n(-kz) A_q-aq-ksbbpw A_q Ban-dn-s\bpw Hm a-s -Sp-Øn. PAv^ (-d)hpw kwlhpw FØp- -Xn\p apsº A_q-aqk(d)hpw kwl-hp-amwv \_n(-kz)bpss k n- [n-bn FØn-t -Xv. A_q aqk(-d) DSs\ \_n(- kz)sb lkvx-zm\w snbvxp kemw snm n. \_n(-kz) At±-lsØ Benw-K\w snbvxp. s\ n-ø-s-øn Npw_\w snbvxp. tkjw A_q-B-andpw kwlhpw \_n(-kz)sb kemw snm n lkvx-zm\w snbvxp. AhcpsS ilm-zøv ]pxp n {]hm-n-i-t\msv Ckvem-ans t]cn ss_aøv snbvxp. {]hm-n-i-s\ t\cn ImWm-\m-b-Xn Ah h msx kt m-jn- p. Ah ti -dn- -Xn-tesd henb {]hm-n-is `wknbpw kuay- Xbpw k kz-`m-hhpw Ah Bkz-Zn- -dn- p. A ]kabw Ign- -t m-tg pw PAv^ (-d)hpw kwlhpw {]hm-ni k n-[n-bn FØn-t p. {]hm- N-Is kt mjw h [n- p. Fgp-t p PAv^dns\ AW- p-iq n Ccp IÆp-Iƒ ns-bn Npw_\w A n- p. \_n(-kz) ]d- p: h mln am AZvco _n Aønlnam Akq dp _n^xvln ssj_-cn Aw _n-jp-zqan PAv^cn ' (P-Av^dn BKa\w sims m, ssj_- dns hnpbw simt m Rm kt m-jn-t - Xv F Xv F\n- -dn-bp- n kxyw). apkvenw-isf Ht sd kt m-jn- n Zn\-am-Wn-Xv. ssj_-dnse PqX kt -Xßƒ p aosx Ckvem-ans hnp-b-]-xmi \m nb kpzn- \w. Ckvem-ans ITn\ sshcn-bm-bn-cp apdlvln_v h[n- -s Zn\w. ssj_-dnse {]i-kvx-amb tim -Iƒ apgp-h\pw apkvenw-iƒ A[o-\-s -Sp-Ønb Zn\w, AXns\ms D]cn ba-\nse Aiv-Aco IpSpw_hpw ba- \nse Zukn IpSpw-_hpw l_vin-b-bnse aplm-pn-dp- Ifpw BK-X-amb kt m-jw. bp w hnp-b-i-cambn ]cy-h-km-\n- p. K\o-aØv hnlnxw \o -s -Sp- -Xn\p apsº \_n(-kz)-bpss k n-[n-bn FØn-t Aiv-A-cn-Isf \_n(-kz) BZ-cn- p. K\o-a-Øn \n pw Ah pw hnlnxw \ In kt m-jn- n- p. Ah-cpsS i -amb hnizmkhpw \ kz`m-h-hpw {]hm-ni kvt\l-øn\p ]m{xo- `-hn p Ahsc Ipdn p {]hm-n-i {]Xn-I-cn- p: ""A Aiv-A-cnøq\ ^n- mkn Ikzp d-xn ^olm ankvip (-A-iv-A-cn-Iƒ P\-ß-fn IkvXq-cn-bn `mfiw t]msebm-wv) A_q-aq-km(-d) {]hm-n-is ASp-Øn-cp- p. At±lsØ {]hm-n-i kt m-j-a-dn-bn- p. a -bn At±lw h Xv ad- p-i-bn-s - -dn-bn- p. AXp ti A_q-aqk ]q t m-]cn k p-jvs-\m-bn. ]t, _Zvdnepw DlvZnepw J -Jnepw ssj_-dn-epw \S ka-c-ßƒ \ -s ZpxJw At±lw {]I-S-am- n. DS \_n(-kz) {]Xn-I-cn- p: ""At±-lhpw a p kzlm-_n-ifpw ImØn-cn- p \o ka-c-ßƒ C\nbpw hcm-\p- v.'' Cu kp-hn-tijw At±-l-Øns apjsø {]k- -am- n. ssj_ bp w Ign p ^Z v, hmzo-jp-dm, ssxam- Av F o {]tz-isø PqXsc taen in m-\-s-]-sn-iƒ {]hm-n-i ]q Øo-I-cn- p. kzlm-_n-isfm n p azo-\- bn-te v Xncn- p. {]kvxpx bm{x-bn A_q-aq-k(-kz) {]hm-n-i-t\msv Hmcw tn p k -cn- p. \mep `mkøp \n pw kzlm-_n-iƒ {]hm-n-is\ hebw snbvxn- p- v. Hmtcm Ip p-iƒ Ib-dp-tºmgpw AXyp- -Øn Ah 26 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

XIv_o apg- p- p. Aß-s\-bm-bn-cns \_n(-kz) Ah v t\sc Xncn p ]d p: ""P\-ß-sf, \nßfpss ico-c-ß-tfmsv \nßƒ A\p-Iº ImWn- pi! \n bw \nßƒ _[n-c-\pw, AZr-iy-ambh\p-amb c n- Xm-hn-s\-b \nßƒ Bcm-[n- p- Xv, ImgvNbpw tiƒhn-bp-ap hs\-bm-wv \nßƒ Bcm-[n- p- -Xv. Ah \nß-tfm-ssm- -ap- p-xm-\pw. {]hm-ni Blzm\w inc-km-h-ln- -h i w Ipd- p. Ah-cpsS A\p-k-cWm a\x-ÿnxn \_n(-kz) v kt m-j-am-bn. bm{x XpS p-sim- n-cns Iq -Ønsem-cmƒ "emlue hem Jp X C m-_n m' F p Bh Øn- p- Xv \_n(-kz) ti p. Xncn p t\m ptºmƒ A_q-ap-k-bm-WXv snm p- -Xv. B al-ømb hn-\-øns aqeyw At±-lsØ t_m[y-s -Sp-Øm \_n(-kz) Xocp-am-\n- p. \_n(-kz) ]d p: ""A p- mln_v\p ssjkv, kz K-Ønse \nt -]-ß-fn-sem v Rm \n\- -dn-bn p Xcs?'' ""AsX {]hm-n-isc'' A- p- -bpss {]Xn-I-c-Ww. ""F m \o "em lue hem- Jp- Ø C m-_n m' F v snm pi.'' lnpvd v tijw {]hm-n-i-cn \n pw e`n- p {]Ya A[ym-]-\w. at\m-l-c-amb ssien. At±-lsØ AXv h msx kt m-jn- n- p. ]ns AXns alxzhpw t_m[y-s p Aiv-A-cn(-d) AXv IqSp-X-em- m Xs Xocp-am-\n- p. \_n(-kz) Iq p-im-scm- n v azo-\-bn Xncn-s -Øn. ssj_-dns A px hnpbw azo-\- m-cpss a\-km- -c-ß-fn Bth-i-Øns XncnsIm-fp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. Ah-cpsS Bth-ihpw B\-µhpw A -ambn XpS-cp-Ibm-Wv. Aiv-A-co, Zuko J_o-e- Iepw azo-\-bn FØn-t n-cn- p- p. IqSmsX l_vin-b-bnte v lnpvd t]mb-hcpss Xncn- p-h-chpw. I]-S am-scbpw PqX am-scbpw A mlp ap p-ip-øn- ncn- p- p. kxy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ p h hnp-b-øns ]pxnb Ihm-S-ßƒ Xpd- p-sim-sp-øn-cn- p- p. aplm-pn-dp-i-fmbn h Aiv-A-cn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS KX- Ime kw`-h-ßƒ Hm sø-sp- p-i-bm-wv. kap-{za[yønse Im pw timfpw ad- m-\m-hmø hn[w Ahsc kzm[o-\n- n-cn- p- p. A m-lp-hns I\n-hns Xncn- p t\m w C m-bn-cp-s - n Ah kap-{z-ønse a y-ßƒ p ` -W-am-hp-am-bn-cp- p. Im nepw timfnepw AI-s - - I- Zni -sx- n-bn- n- m-bn-cp- p-sh- n l_vin-b-bnse aplm-pn-dp-i-fp-ambn Ah v k n- m-\m-hp-am-bn-cp- n-. F mw kln p azo-\-bn h -W-bp-tºmƒ {]hm-n-is\ ImWm-\mhmØXpsIm p oww hi-h- msx ssj_-dns\ e y-am- n-bp ]p\ bm-{x. \_n(-kz)-bpss lrzy-amb kzoi-c-ww, kuay-amb s]cp-am- w, BK-X-tcm-Sp _lp-am-\m-z-c-hv, kmµ `n-iamb CS-s]-S. F mw apgp-h {]bm-k-ß-sfbpw \njv{]-`-am- n-bn-cn- p- p. I bm{x- m-cmb Ccp kwl-søbpw {]hm-n-i ]pi-gvøn. Ah v `mhp-ißƒ t\ p. PAv^dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en_v(d)s {]nb ]Xv\n Akvam-D-_n Xv Dssa-kv(-d)sb \_n(-kz) AsX mw t_m[y-s -Sp-Øn. Cu I bm{x- msc aplm-pn-dp-i-fmbn h Aiv-A-cn-Iƒ AhcpsS KX-Ime kw`-h-ßƒ Hm sø-sp- p-ibm-wv. kap-{z-a[yønse Im pw timfpw ad- m-\m-hmø hn[w Ahsc kzm[o-\n- n-cn- p- p. A m-lp-hns I\n-hns Xncn- p t\m w C m-bn-cp-s - n Ah kap-{z- Ønse a y-ßƒ p ` -W-am-hp-am-bn-cp- p. Im nepw timfnepw AI-s - - I- Zni -sx- n-bn- n- m-bn-cp- p-sh- n l_vin-b-bnse aplm-pn-dp-i-fp-ambn Ah v k n- m-\m-hpam-bn-cp- n- Ipdn p {]hm-n-i-cpss {]Io Ø-\-ß-f-dn-bm AkvamCs\bm-W-h ]n osp kao-]n- m-dp mbn-cp- - Xv. Hcn- A_q-aq-km(-d)sb hfsc cl-ky-ambn Akvam-Cs\ kao-]n- p. \_n(-kz) lnpvdsb Ipdn p {]iw-kn- X-dn-b am{x-am-bn-cp p e yw. I bm{x- m-cmb Aiv-A-cnIsf Ipdn pw l_vin-bbnse aplm- Pn-dp-Isf Ipdn pw \_n(-kz) ]d- Xv hni-z-ambn ]d- p-sim-sp- m Ah-tcm-S-t±lw Bh-iy-s - p. Ah ]d p XpS-ßn: Rm an\n- m v {]hm-ni ]Xv\n l^vk(-d)sb kµ in- m sn p. Rm Ah-cpsS k n-[n-bn-en-cn- p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS ]nxmhv Da (-d) Ib-dn-h- p. kemw snm n At±lw Ccp- p. Fs i w ti -txmss Fs Ifn-bm- n. At±lw ]d- p. l_vin-b- m-cnbmtwm CXv? kap-{z- m-cn-bmtwm CXv? Rm ]d- p: AsX! Rß-fpsS l_vinbm ]em-b-\-sø- p-dn pw Ahn-SsØ Rß-fpsS Xma-ksØ pdn pw At±lw Ft msv tnmzn p XpS-ßn Rm\-Xn-s\ mw adp-]sn ]d- p. ""\nß-sf- mƒ lnpvd sim v ap I-S- -h Rßfm-Wv. AXn-\m dkq-ep- m-ln-bp-ambn \nß-sf- mƒ _ hpw Rßƒ v Xs -bm-wv.'' Cu hm p-iƒ Fs snmsn- n- p. Rm\m- hm- p-iƒ At±-l-tØmSv as n ]d- p. At±-l-tØmSv Kuc-h-ambn kwkm-cn- p. ]ns Rm ]d- p: ""A m A m-lp-hmwv kxyw. \nßƒ \n_n(-kz)-tbm-ssm- -am-b-t mƒ \nßfnse hni- -hsc ` n- n- n-cp- p. hnuvvn-isf At±lw D]-tZ-in- n-cp- p. Rß-fm-hs l_vin-b aæn IpSpw-_-ßfn \n pw AI- p Zo\ns FXncm-fn-Iƒ n-s-bn-em-bn-cp- p. AXv A m-lp-hn-s bpw dkq-en-s bpw am K-Øn am{x-am-bn-cp- p.'' Rm\nXp ]d- -t mƒ Da H p ]p n-cn- -X- msx adp-]sn H pw ]d- n-. Rm ho pw At±-l-tØmSp ]d- p: ""\nßƒ Cu ]d Xp \_n(-kz)-tbmsp ]d- n- - msx Rm kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 27

` Ww Ign- p-isbm sh w IpSn- p-itbm snøp-i-bn-. Rm Ifhv ]d-bp-itbm am n- -d-bp-itbm Iq n ]d-bp-itbm snøp-i-bn, kxyw!'' CsX mw {i m-]q hw ti ncp A_q-aq-km(-d) s]s v tnmzn- p: ""]ns F p- mbn?'' Akvam- Av(d) XpS p: ""l^vk(-d)-bpss k n-[n-bn \n pw Da (-d) Fgpt p t]mbn. A[nIw Xma-knbmsX {]hm-n-i IS- p-h- p, kemw snm n Ccp- p. At mƒ hfsc thz-\-tbmss Da-dn \n pti- Xv \_n(-kz)-tbmsv Rm ]d p: ""\_n-sb, Rß-fmWv \nß-sf- mƒ lnpvd-sim v ap I- S- -h AXp sim pxs \nßsf- mƒ \-_n-bp-ambn Rßƒ mwv IqSp-X _ -sa v Da (d) Ft msv ]d- p. Da ]d Xp icn Xs -bmtwm {]hm-n-isc?'' {]hm-n-i DS {]Xn-I-cn- p: ""\nß-sf- mƒ Ft msv IqSp-X _ w Ah-scm- p-a-. Ah\pw Iq p-im pw Hcp lnpvd am{x-sa- D q. I m-cmb \nßƒ v c v lnpvd-bm-wp- -Xv.'' CXptIƒt Xmakw F\n v kam- [m-\-am-bn. Fs lrzbw kt m-j- ]p-f-in-x-am-bn. Akvam-Av A m-lphn\v \µn ]d- p. A_q-aq-k(- d)bpw Iq p-imcpw Fgp-t p. kt m-j-`-cn-x-cm-bn. {]hm-n-i Ah-sc- p-dn v ]d Cu hm p- I-fn-tesd `uxn-i-tem-iøv Ah v as mcp kt m-jhpw D m-bn- n-. A_q-aqk(d) Xs Iq p-im s mw CXp hnh-cn p simsp-øp. F m-hcpw k p-jvscmbn. Cu hm Ø tiƒ m-\mbn A_q-aq-km(-d) ]e Iq p-im-tcmssm w ]e {]mhiyw Akvam- Av(d)s\ kao-]n- m-dp- m-bn-cp- p. AXns Bh Ø\w At±-l- Øn\p hen-b- lcw ]I p IpIbpw snbvxn-cp- p. Hcn- tiƒ m-ø-hscbmbncp p At±lw Cu DZy-a-Øn\p Iq p-]n-sn- n-cp- -Xv. (XpScpw) 28 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 A m-lp-hns ZmØv ke-^n-s bpw Je-^n-s bpw coxn-iƒ Ckvem-anse hnizmkimkv{x-øns \mƒhgn/\mev FwF Peo kjm^n ]p mc A mlp as m- n-t\mspw Hcp hnt[-\bpw kzri-a-s pw ]q W-X-bpsS KpW-ß-sf mw Ah- \p-s pw Hmtcm hy nbpw hniz-kn- \n _- -am-wv. CXmWp bym -Øn Xulo-Zv. {k m-hmb A mlp Acq-]-\m-Wv. \ΩpsS \ncq-]-ßƒ v hnt[-b-am-ip F m hkvxp- ƒ pw AXo-X-\m-W-h. ÿqetam kq vatam Bb XSn (-Pn-kvav) Ah-\n-. AØcw Pnkvap-Iƒ p KpW-ß-sf mw A mlp-hns\ kw_- n v Akw-`hyhpw \ncq-]n- m ]msn- m-ø-xp-am-wv. knwlm-k\-øn Ccn- p-i, api-fn \n p Xmtgm- n-d-ßp-i, api-fn-te p Ib-dpI F o KpW-ß-sfm pw A m-lp-hns\ Ipdn p ]d-bmhp- -X-. apjw, ssiim, IÆv t]mep-ff

A m-lp-hns "bzv' F - Xn\p i n F pw d ns\ Ipdn p "PmA' F -Xn\p {]Xn-^ew h p F pw "flni' F ]Z-Øn\p dlvaøv snbvxp F pw \nßƒ Fhn-sS-bm-sW- nepw Ahn-sS-sb mw A m-lphns "hpvlv' D v F - Xn\p Jn_ve F pw Je^v kc-wn-bn hymjym\w ]d- n- p- v. ke^v kc-wn-bnse {][m\n C_v\p A m-kv (-d) Xs "hpvlv' F ]Z-Øn\p "Jn_ve' F p A w ]d- n- p- v Ah-b-h-ß-sfm pw A m-lp-hn-\n-. Ds p hniz-kn- p-ibpw hnti-jn- n- p-ibpw snøp- -bmƒ Ckvem-an \n p ]d-øp-t]m-ipw. CXn Ckvem-anI ]fin-x p X -an-. kr n-iƒ p t]mse A m-lp-hn\pw Ah-b-hßƒ ÿnc-s -Sp-Øn-bXp Xs Imc-Ww. AtXkabw kr n- Iƒ p- -Xp-t]mep Ah-b-hßƒ Cs pw {k m-hn-t\msv tbmpn Ah-b-h-ßƒ Ds pw hniz-kn- m Im^n-dm-Iptam F - Xn `n -X-bp- v. Im^n-dm-Ipsa p Xs -bmwv Hcp hn`mkw De-am-Av ]d-bp- Xv. AØ-c- m ap_vx-zn-av (hn-izmkw ]ng- -h ) BsW- -Xn X -an-. ImcWw, {]kvxpx hmzw CPvam-Av F JfinX {]am-w-øn\p hncp- -am- Wv.(-_- m\n: 2/147, ^Xvlp _mcn 13/401, ^Xm-hm-dwen 4/266) F m apjw, IÆv, ssiimep-iƒ, Im X- -hn-c-ep-iƒ F nßs\ Ah-b-h-ßƒ p ]d p hcp hpvlv, Abv\, bzv, cnpvev, kmjv t]mep i -ßfpw Cdßn, Ib-dn, H -ambn XpS-ßn-bp I Ω-ßsf Ipdn- p \k-e, kzc-z, CkvXhm t]mep ]Zßfpw A m-lp-hn-te v _ -s - SpØn Jp -B-\nepw lzo-kp-ifnepw D]-tbm-Kn- n- p- v. A mlp Xu^oJv \ Inb ku`m-kyhm am-cmb Huen-bm-C\p Cu {]tbm-k-ß-fp-ssbpw hmiy-ß-fpssbpw bym Bi-b-ßfpw Dt±iy-ßfpw a\- n-em-ip-sa- nepw A m-ø-h -dn-bn-. AXpsIm pxs CØcw {]tbm-k-ßfp-ambn A\p-h Øn-t \bw Cam-ap-Iƒ c p azvl-_mbn hnhcn p X n- p- v. ke^v coxn, Je^v coxn F n-h-bm-w-xv. ke-^ns coxn A mw \q m- nse app-±nzv Camw K m-en(-d) ke^o hgn hnh-cn- p- p- v: ""A m-lp-hn\p XSnbpw XZ-\p-krX KpW-ß-fp-aps ph-cp Xn \n pw Ahs Xncp-Zm-Øns\ ]cn-ip- -am- -temsp IqsS A mlphpw dkqepw {]kvxpx {]tbm-k-ßƒ sim v A m-lp-hns al-ø-tømspw ]cn-ip- n-tbmspw A\p-tbm-Py-amb Bibw Dt±-in- p-sim- mwv {]kvxpx hmiy-ßƒ ]d- n- p- sx pw AXp ]c-am hpw kxyhp-am-sw pw k hm-flm- hn-iz-kn- p-ibpw bym Bi-b-ßƒ A m-lp-hns A\p-Kr-loX ]fin-x p Adn-bm-sa- nepw \ap- -dn-bn-s p kω-xn v CØcw hnj-b-ßƒ N snøp- -Xn au\w ]men v C n-jbw ssiimcyw snøm-xn-cn pi (- C Pm-ap Ahmw A C an Iemw) At mƒ ke-^ns kcwn {]kvxpx ]Z-ßƒ pw {]tbm-k- kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 29

ßƒ pw bmsxmcp hn[- hym-jym- \hpw \ ImsX AXn-s\- p-dn- p Dt±iyw A mlphn-\-dn-bmsa p ]d p Hgn-b-em-sW p Npcp- w. ke-^o- k-c-wn-bmwv Ic- Wo-bhpw DNn-X-hpw kxy-k- -hpamb coxn (-^-Xvlp _mcn 17/214) X^vko-dp-I-fn "CkvXn-hm-A beo-jp- _nln' F hymjym-\- Øns Dt±iyw A m-lp-hn-t\m-sp - tbm-pn- p Ckvhm-Av F m-wv. A mlp-hn-t\msv A\p-tbm-Py-amb knwlm-k-\-ÿ-\m-i F -. lm^nfv C_v\p lp (-d) {]kvxm-hn- p p: hn\-bhpw hnkzm-khpw kq va-xbpw KpW- Imw- bpw \nd- p-\n p \ne-]m-smwv ke^o kcwn (^- Xvlp _mcn 1/214) F m ke^o am KsØ Zp hym- Jym\ mcpw ]pø hm-zn-ifpw Zp -em-t mss sx n cn- n p A m-lp-hn\p apjhpw ssi m-ep- Ifpw Btcm-l-Wm-h-tcm-l-ßfpw Ds v ]d-bp-ibpw ]t, Ahsb mw A m-lp-hnt\msv A\p-tbm- Py-amb hn[-am-sw pw Iq nt Øv hniz-kn- -emwv ke^o am K-sa h {]N-cn- n- p. XpS p -]-ecpw Jp -B-\nepw lzo-kp-i-fnepw h apx-im-_nlmb {]tbm-k-ßsf `mjm-]-c-amb samgn-am w \SØn A m-lp-hns\ Ipdn v hni-e-amb hnizm-k-ßƒ {]N-cn- n p. ]ecpw AXn h n- X-cm-bn. Cu {]txyi kml-n-cy-øn A sø ]fin-x (J-e-^v) P\- ß-fpsS hnizmkw kwc- n- phm\pw _nzv-a-øp-im-cpss Zp hym- Jym\w XS-bp-hm\pambn Hcp {]Xntcm-[-\bw kzoi-cn- m \n _- n-x-cm-bn. Aß-s\-bmWv Je^o am Kw cq]wsim -Xv. kønzv timb- n-t mb Xßƒ timuq, snmfq t^m : 2752711, sam: 9947585085 kv{xo]p-cpj ssewkni tcmk-ßƒ, ko{k kvie-\w, k m-\-an- m-bva, saen- n, aq{xm-ib tcmk-ßƒ, imco-cn-ihpw am\-kn-i-hp-amb a p tcmk-ßƒ hncn- n aq{x-sam-gn-, A]-kvamc tcmk-ßƒ apx-embh alm- m-cpss CPm-kn-øØv {]Imcw ]mcº-cy-ambn NnIn- n- p- p. t\cn _ -s -SpI IqSmsX Imen-I-fpsS tcmk-ßƒ pw NnIn \n t±-in- p- p. F m-hn[ Bbp thz bq\m\n Xdn acp- -Iƒ pw _ -s -Sp-I. Xßƒkv ^m akn s^bvakv t_ -dn v kao-]w, tim - -Sn, ae- pdw Je-^ns coxn Jp -B-\ns kwt_m-[n-xcmb Ad-_n-I-fn kp]-cn-nn-xhpw kpe- `-hp-am-bn-cp Be- m-cni {]tbm-kß-fn Dt±-in- -s -Sp A\p-tbm- Py-amb A w \ In apjw, IÆv, ssi XpS-ßnb api-fn hnhcn ]Z-ßƒ pw AXp-t]mtemØ- Xn\pw hymjym\w \ I-emWv Je^v ssien. ]n Ime ]fin-xcpss ImeØv Cßs\ Hcp coxn A\n-hm-cy-am-b-Xp-sIm- mwv ke^v hngn-bp- m-bn pw apx-im-_nlmb hm p-isf hymjym-\n- m Ah Xøm-dm-b-Xv. Je^v kc-wn-bn ]fin-x \ Ip hymjym\w A mlp Dt±-in- -XmtWm F p Jfin-X-a-. ke^v am K-Øn Hcp A hpw hymjym-\hpw ]d-bmsx A m-lp-hn-te v G n- p-i-bm- W-t m. AXp-sIm- mwv ke^v kcwn G hpw ani- Xpw DNn-X-hpam-b-Xv. (-^-Xvlp _mcn 17/214) Je^v azvl_v {]Imcw "CkvX-hm-A A in' F hmiy-øns hymjym\w A ins\ \nb-{ n p, `cn p Fs m-s -bm-wv (-dmkn: 22/7). ke-^p- zm-en-lp-i-fmb Nne apx-im-_n-lmb Nne ]Z-ßsf hymjym-\n- p-ibpw (J-e^v snbvxxp t]mse) ]n Ime ]fin-x-cn Nne ke^v kcwn ]n ] n Nne-hm-Iy-ßƒ hymjym- \n- msx Hgn pam-dp-ibpw snbvxn- p- v. (X-^vko C_v\n A_o-lmXw 1/364), A _n-zmbøp h n-lmb 10/227) c p ho -Whpw icn-bm-wv (-X-^vko kzmhn 2/223) A m-lp-hns "bzv' F -Xn\p i n F pw d ns\ Ipdn p "PmA' F -Xn\p {]Xn-^ew h p F pw "flni' F ]Z-Øn\p dlvaøv snbvxp F pw \nßƒ Fhn-sS-bm-sW- nepw Ahn-sSsb mw A m-lp-hns "hpvlv' D v F -Xn\p Jn_ve F pw Je^v kc-wn-bn hymjym\w ]d- n- p- v. ke^v kc-wn-bnse {][m\n C_v\p A m-kv(-d) Xs "hpvlv' F ]Z-Øn\p "Jn_ve' F p A w ]d- n- p- v. apx-im-_n-lmb ]Z-ß-fpsS _mlym w Dt±-iy-a-s p ke^pw Je^pw GtIm-]n- p- p. ke^p sim p hnh lnpvd A q-dn\p apºp hcm-wv. ap qdn\p apºp hcm-sw pw A`n- {]m-b-ap- v. Je^v F m lnpvd A q-dn\p tij-ap- -h ; aq qdn\p tij-ap- -h-cm-sw pw A`n- {]m-b-ap- v. (lm-in-b-xp _mpqcn t]pv 56) (XpS-cpw) 30 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

]pkvxiw kpss_ dlvam\n hmhq `mjm-]m-c-º-cy-tømsv \q _ w Xo Øv ap- -Øp- q ae-bmf\m nse Ad_n {]km-[\ cwksø A\ km[y-x-isf Xpd pim p- -XmWv A q amk-kns aq mw hc-hv. ] n- msv PmanA \qcn-ø-bnse "Hmkvt^mP\v'bmWv ]pxp-xmbn Ad_n tpw cwkøv Hcp ssi t\m m Hcp-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. amkkns aq v- -\mev kwbp ]Xn- p-iƒ Gsd khn-tij-x-i-tfmssbmwv ]pd-øn-d-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. BtKmf km{am-pyxz i n-isf Xpc-Øm De-am- ƒ Ht sd Ad_n ka-c-km-lnxy IrXn-Iƒ ]pd-øn-d- p-ibpw `mj Adn-bm-Xn-cp- n pw AXn BIr- -cmb ae-_m-dnse hnπh hocy-ap am n-f-am {]kvxpx IrXn-Isf s\t msv tn Øv kacw \bn- p-ibpw i{xp- ƒ cmpyw hnsp-ibpw snbvxxv A -Sn-bpsS hniknx Ime-Ø- m-bn-cp- p. Ah-bpsS ]n p-s Ah-Imi-s -Sm B[p-\nI tic-f-øn A q amk-kn\p km[n- p-sa- mwv AXns aq mw ]Xn v ({]-hm-ni hntij Xn- v- -ap-l-ω-zp dkq-ep- m-lv) km y-s -Sp- Øp- -Xv. tic-f-øn Aßn-ßmbn Nne "ap- '-Iƒ ]pd- Øn-d-ßm-dp- v. Nne-sXms Hcp hgn-]m-sm-sw coxnbn-emwv. F m A q-dns CX-fp-Iƒ hyxy-kvx-am- Wv. Htc hnj-b-øn {]ap-j am Xqen-I-tb- p A]q w Ad_n amk-kn-\m-wn-xv. D -S Zmcn{Zw A q-dns\ sxm n- n-. ImcWw, 216 t]pn L\-Kw-`o-cam-bn- mwxv kwhn-[m-\n- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]mw- ms ap sam p-i-fmb Xß am Xß-fpsS {]]n-xm-hns\ Ipdn pw a pw hmnm-e-ambn AXn {]Xn-]m-Zn- n- p- v. ]ns kakvx De-am- ƒ hnzym-`ymk taj-e-bnse {]ap-j, Ad_n Kth-j-I, Ad_n kmln-xy-øn hnhn[ bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bn \n pw Kth-jWw ]q Ønbm- n-b-h, Ad_n Ihn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h Hcp ap Øv Hcp-h w IqSn AWn\nc- p A]q m-i-b-amwv ]pxnb ap A- q. {]hm-ni PohnXw, \_n-bpss hyxy-kvx-amb hy n-xzw, {]hm-n-is\ Ipdn v cnn- -s {][m\ kmlnxy kr n-iƒ, {]hm-n-is\ Ipdn v ]pxnb A p ]T-\-ßƒ, Ihn-X-Iƒ, A m-cm-jv{s \_n-zn-\mtlm-j-øn ]s -SpØ kønzv apl-ω-zen inlm_v Xß-fpsS bm{xm-hn-h-c-ww, temi-cm-py-ß-fnse \n_n-zn- \m-tlm-jsø Ipdn- p A`n-apJw F nh {]hm-ni Ncn-{X-Øns B[n-Im-cn-IX txsp- -h v Hcp apx q- m-wv. tic-f-ønse azvlv KoX-ßƒ, B[p-\nI Ad_n Ihn-X-I-fnse azvlv Imhy-ßƒ F o hn`m-k- Ønse tej-\-ßƒ {i m l-am-wv. azvd-k-iƒ, ss{]adn kviqfp-iƒ apx \qdp- -W- n\p Ad_n timtf-pp-iƒ, k -I-em-im-e-Iƒ, timtfpv Ad_n Un m vsa p-iƒ F o Xe-ßfn Ad_n `mj-bpss BNm-cy amcpw ]Tn-Xm- fpw kvt\ln-ifp-ambn e - -W- n\p A\p-hm-N-I v F pw ImØp-kq- n- m\pw ]Tn- m\pw Kth-jWw snøm\pw ] p Hcp d^-d kv {KŸ-ambn Cu IrXn amdp-sa- -Xn kwi-b-an-. AtXm-sSm w P\-a-\- p-ifn ]pwy-{]-im-i-øns ssiøncn simfp-øm\pw {]hm-n-i (-kz) A`n-am\w sim Hcp `mj-bpss i - amb \ne-\n n\pw Cu amk-kn Hcp \nan-ø-am-hpw. tic-fsø kw_- n-t -S-tØmfw XpS- - m v ] -an-. A q amk-kns XpS -bmwv {][m-\w. {]_-e-amb Hcp kan-xnsb apj-xm-fp-i-fn hc p ImWn- n- p- v. Ah -Xn\p km[n- pi Xs snøpw. AXn-\p {ia-ßƒ XpS-cm-\m-h-s. {]txy-in v {]hm- NI t{]a-øns I]-Shpw I -h-s-]-c-hp-amb a -c-imeøv Cusbm-cp-Zyaw A q {]h Ø-I-cpsS XymKk - -X-bmWv hnfn-t m-xp- -Xv. at\m-l-c-amb Ih, \ t] Izmfn n, A -csø- p-i-fn \n p tamn-\w, BI j-i-amb t^m v, ]c-ky-ß-fpss A`mhw F nh amk-kns\ khn-tij-am- Ip- p. Cßs\ Hcp amk-kn-s\m-cp- m ITn-\-{]-bXv\w snbvx Hcp Sow Xs D m-hp-sa v Cu taj-e-bnse ]cn-nbw h v ]d-bm Ign-bpw. Ah v Xo -bmbpw A`n-am-\n- m hi-bp- v. Ad-_n-`m-j-sbbpw `mjm kwkvim-c-søbpw \ne-\n Øm i -amb ]n p-s - Iƒ C\nbpw D m-th- -Xp- v. AXn-\p k m-lßƒ v Hcp Bfl-{]-tNm-Z-\-amhpw ap- -Øp- q. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 31

tim-gn-t m-sv: \-S- m-hv a-zv-d-k A- - W-Øn- ]- - -dn sxm- -sam-cp- n A- -hm-dp- C-kv-emw a-zv-d-k F-kv.-_n.hn im-j am-xr-i-bm-hp- p. hn-hn-[ Ir-jn-bn-\-ß-ƒ h-f-sc ]-cn-an- X-am-b ÿ-e-øm-wv hn-zym- - n-i-ƒ I- Tn-\m-[zm-\w sn-bv-xv Ir-jn-sbm-cp- n-bncn- p- -Xv. ]-b-, I- -cn, a-ø-, Npc-ß, sh-, X- m-dn, sn-dp-]-b-, a- º-b-, Im-t_-Pv, h-gp-x-\, ssi-, sn- Sn-ap-cn-ß, _o- -kv, ]-S-h-ew, No-c, sh- -cn, C-f-h-, hm-f-ß, Sn-jyq hm-g Xp- S-ßn-b ]-søm-º-xv C-\w k-ky-ß-ƒ ]- - -dn-txm- -Øn-ep- v. \m- p-im-cpw a- dp-\m- p-im-cp-sam-s hn-kv-a-b-tøm-ss k-µ- -in- p- txm- w Ir-Xy-am-b ]-cn- N-c-Ww sim- m-wv k-ar- -am-bn hn-f- p-\n- - p- -Xv. A- -hm-dp- C-kv-emw kw-l-øn-s -bpw A-[ym-]-I-cp-sS-bpw ]q- -W ]n- p-wsim- m-wv hn-zym- - n-i-ƒ am-xr-im-]- c-am-b txm- w H-cp- n-b-xv. ]-T-\-Øn-epw ssp-h Ir-jn-bn-epw an-sp- p Im- p- hn- Zym- -Yn-I-ƒ I-em-a- -c-øn-epw an-i-hv hm Ø ] - -dn-txm- -sam-cp n hnzym n-iƒ amxr-i-bm-hp- p \S- mhv A hm-dp Ckvemw azvdk Fkv.-sI.-F-kv.-_n.-hn. hnzym n-iƒ Hcp- nb ] - -dn-tøm w sx-fn-bn- n- p- v. Ip-cp- p-i-ƒ B-kv-]-Z-am- n c- m-gv-n-bn-sem-cn- - \-S-Ø-s - Sp- hn- m-\ a- -c-hpw am-k-øn-sem-cn- n- km-ln-xy kw-k-a-hpw ssi-søgp-øp am-kn-i-bp-sam-s hn-zym- -Yn-I-fp-sS A-dn-hpw A-\p-`-h-hpw h- -[n- n- p- -Xm-Wv. am-kw-txm-dpw C-d-ßp- ssi-sb-gp-øp am-kn-i Ip- n-i-ƒ- v G-sd {]- tnm-zn-x-am-wv. Cu h- -jw \-_n-zn-\-tøm-s-\p-_- n- v a-zv-d-k-bp-ss kp-h- -W-Pq- _n-en B-tLm-jn- -t m-ƒ hn-zym- - n-i-ƒ ap- -ssi-sb-sp-øv {]-kn- o-i-cn- kph- -W-Pq-_n-en D-]-lm-cw G-h-cp-sS-bpw {]-iw-k ]n-sn- p ]- p-i-bp- m-bn. 32 kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18

hm Ø kaql_m[y-x-iƒ \n hln- m Ah-kcw kr n- Ww: sslz-cen inlm_v Xßƒ timgn-t msv: \ne-hn-ep Xpw hcm- \n-cn- p- -Xp-amb kaq-l-øn-\h-im-is am \n t±-i-ßfpw hn`-h-ßfpw \ne-hn-ep kaqlw \n -ln- p-sim- Sp- m _m[y-ÿ-cm-sw v ]mw- msv kønzv sslz Aen inlm_v Xßƒ {]kvxm-hn- p. tnfmcn kakvxm-e-b-øn kp n al v s^utd-j kwÿm\ kmcyn kwkaw DZvLm-S\w snøp-i-bm-bn-cp p At±lw. P\-tIm-Sn-I-fpsSbpw Poh-Pm-e-ßfp-sSbpw Ah-Imi-ßƒ l\n- p- hn[w s]cp-am-dm hnizm-kn-iƒ mhn-. Bflob shfn w t\spi hgn Ime-ßƒ Db Øp {]bm-k-ßƒ t\cn-sm\pw al v Xeß-fn ]S p- ]n-sn- p A[m Ωn-I-X-Iƒs -Xncn I ΩcwK-Øn-d-ßm\pw Xßƒ Blzm\w snbvxp. sndp-t»cn ssk\p-±o apkven-bm A y- X hln- p. tim p-ae Sn.Fw. _m p apkven-bm, Fkv.-Fw.-Pn-^vcn- X-ßƒ {]kw-kn- p. ]nw-tßmsv A_q-_- apkven-bm I Ω-]- Xn Ah-X-cn- n- p. ap w Da ss^kn kzmk- Xhpw ]n.-]n.-ap-l-ωzv ss^kn \µnbpw ]d- p. Ccn- q sdbv v ss{s\nwkv mkns kam-]\ kwkaw kakvx Ckvemw ax hnzym- `ymk t_m Uv P\-d sk{i- dn ]nsi]n A p- emw apkven-bm DZvLm-S\w snøp p kakvx a[y-ta-jem Dea ktω-f-\-øns \oe-kncn Pn kzmk-x-kwlw cq]o-i-cw I h j\n C Aehn ss^kn Ipf- -dºv apjy-{]-`m-jww \S-Øp- p sh-fn-ap- v -Ã- k- -K-e-bw sh-fn-ap- v: sh-fn-ap- v -Ã- F-kvsI-F-kv-F-kv-F-^v k- -K-e-bw sh-fnap- v X-Av-eo-ap-kzn-_v-bm- a-{z-k-bn- \-S- p. ]-cn-]m-sn-bn- aq- n-bq- {Km-a-]- m-b- Øv Ãm- nw-kv I-Ωn- n sn-b- -am- l- \o-^ aq- n-bq-, i-co-^v Np-g-en, _m- p sh-fn-ap- v, Pm-^- ]m-e- -, d- ^o-jv ]m-e- -, in-lm-_v Iq-^, i- aow ]m-dm-bn, A- p- -a-zv sh-fn-ap- v F- n-h- kw-km-cn- p. H- pw c- pw aq- pw ÿm-\-ß-ƒ X-e- m-d, Iq-^, ]-Sn- - im-j-i-ƒ I-c-ÿ-am- n. A\p-kva-cW ktω-f\w \SØn ] n- msv: tim - p-døv kønzv aplωzv kjm^v ]qt mb Xßƒ A\p-kva-cW ktω-f\w kakvx P\-d sk{i- dn sndp-t»cn ssk\p-±o apkvenbm DZvLm-S\w snbvxp. ]mw- msv kønzv kmzn-jen inlm_v Xßƒ A[y- -X-h-ln- p. A p- -azv ]qt m- q apjy-{]- `m-jww \S-Øn. lm^nfv ap\o_v lpssk Jndm-AØv \S-Øn. kønzv lk kjm^v B -t mb Xßƒ kzmk-xhpw kønzv lpssk Xßƒ \µnbpw ]d- p. JXvap Jp -B- \n\v lm^nfv Xlvko _nlmcn t\xrxzw \ In. auenzv kz- n\v kønzv Da kjm^v Iq m-bn, kn apl-ωzv ss^kn, FSn A p Akokv apkvenbm t\xrxzw \ In. I h j \SØn tnfmcn: FkvsI-F-kv-F-kv-F^v bqwn-th-gvkn n tajem I h j tnfmcn Ckvem-anIv sk - dn tn p. kpsseam apkven-bm D{K-]pcw A[y- -X-h-ln- p. Ajvd^v tnte-{º, iaow timgn p-dw, ]nsn A p Akokv ]mw-{º, kn±ojv tzh-xn-bm, kpssl tnfm-cn, apl-ωzv lpzhn {]kw-kn- p. kp n A^vIm 2011 sabv 18 33