bpk-i_vzw apj- p-dn v tej\w Jp -B : AXp-ey-{KŸw G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw apj-nn{xw : ka -µnse Aao Xnaq-dns ajv_-d.

]pkvxiw 73 e w 7 Pqsse 2004 h^m 1383 P. A - P. BJn 1425 No^v FUn- apl-ωzv Da F v. G. FUn- G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv (sn-b am ) si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si. hn. l timb ]n. Fw. _jo AlvaZv sf. si. AlvaZvIp n AUo-j-W sk{i- dn ]ªn-t j- ]n. Fw. AlvaZv l amt\-p Fw.-sI. Cºn- n-t m-b n k p-te-j amt\-p Fkv. apl-ωzv kenw hcn-kwjy 100 I. H -{]Xn 10 I. hnemkw kxy-zq-x Pn. F v. tdmuv, timgn-t m-sv. t^m : 2721609 e-mail: sathyadoothan@ahmadiyya.com ÿm]nxw 1925 4 5 6 7 9 13 14 18 23 27 35 36 17 22 29 ap m \q m v ]n n ae-bm-f-ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn- o-i-cww D -S w bpk-i_vzw apj- p-dn v tej\w Jp -B : AXp-ey-{KŸw hnip- -Jp -B-s\- n hmkvzø akolv Jp -B : kwc- n- -s hnip {KŸw lkvdøv an km _io-dp-±o alvaqzv AlvaZv (d) ImeØns km yw apl-ωzv Da F v. F. sszh-{]-i j-whpw Bflob k m-chpw lkvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) {InkvXp-hns kxyhpw sk v t]mfns {XnXzhpw lkvdøv an km Xzmln AlvaZv (d) ap\o IΩoj dnt m pw Pam-AsØ Ckvemanbpw G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw Akvlm-_p Ilv^v ap qdv sim w Dd-ßntbm II G. ]n. Ip map hnip Jp -B ]mcm-bw apd-iƒ C_v\p samlvbn±o, timgn-t m-sv. a\p-jy-po\pw IpØ-Im-h-Im-i-ßfpw \qdn APva almflm {ioir-jvw (A) auem\m _io AlvaZv kmln_v Zlvehn A`n-apJw Pam-AsØ Ckveman \S-Ønb AlvaZnøm hncp Iem]w AkvK Aen F n-\o-b {]Xn-I-cn- p p IhnX Ah GI si. ]n. G. ]pt m bm{xm-hn-h-cww JmZn-bm... hnæns hnip- n-bp aænse tziw _n. a kq timgn-t m-sv. Ipdn- p-iƒ hm Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWw, apj-nn{xw : ka -µnse Aao Xnaq-dns ajv_-d. Printed & Published by A. P. Kunhamoo, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Press, Feroke, Calicut. Edited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, CLT - 1. kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 1

Jp -B-\n \n v " m\-k-ºq Æ-amb Jp - Bs\ \mw sxfn-hmbn Ah-Xcn- n- p- p... {]Xm-]-hm\pw AXy-[nIw IcpW snøp- -h- \p-amb A m-lp-hn \n v Ah- X-cn- -Xm-Wn-Xv. \o Hcp P\- Xbv v ap -dn-bn v \ Ip- - Xn\v th n.' -(36: 3 7) \_n-h-n\w "A tbm P\-ßsf! Rms\mcp a\pjy am{x-am-wv. A m-lp-hn \n pw Ahs ZqX (a-e- v) Fs ASpØv ht - mw. At mƒ Rm Cu temisø hn p-]n-cn-bpw. \n߃ mbn Rm c p kp{]-[m\ hkvxp- ƒ hn p-t]m-ip- p. am -Z i-\hpw {]Imi-hp-a-S-ßnb A m-lp-hns {KŸ-amWv H v. A m-lp-hns B {KŸsØ \n߃ apdpsi ]nsn- p-i. (apkvenw) bp-k-i_vzw Hmtcm kap-zm-b-ønepw {]hm-n-i lkvdøv an km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A) hnip Jp -B Hcp Znhym- p-x-am-ip- p. AXn\p Xpey-amb as m-c- pxw CXn-\p-ap-ºp- m-bn- n-. C\n-bp- m-hp-i-bp-an-. AXns A\p-{K-l-ß-fp-sSbpw HuZm-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw kºøv F pw \ne-\n-ev p- -Xm-Ip- p. Xncp-\-_n (-k)- bpss ImeØv F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp- pthm A{]-Imcw Xs AXp F m Imeß-fnepw Xpd- Xpw Hfn-Nn-X-dp- -Xp-am-bn-cn- p- p. Hmtcm Bfp-sSbpw `mjww Abm-fpsS a\- -cp-øn-\-\p-k-cn- n-cn- p-sa v Hm t Xm-Wv. Hcm-fpsS a\- -cpøpw \n -b-zm Vyhpw e y-ß-fpss t{ijvt-xzhpw F{X-bpt m A{X I m-bn-cn pw Abm-fpsS `mj-w-øns hocyw. sszhni shfn-]m-sp-i-fpss \nebpw CXp-Xs. FsXm-cm-fn-te v Ahs shfn-]msv Cd-ßp- pthm Abmƒ FØ-c-Øn-ep BfmtWm AtX Xc-Øn-ep `mj-w-amwv At±-l-Øn\p e`n- p-i. BI-bm, Ahn-S-tØ v e`n- n- p `mj-w-ap- t m AXv Atßb w Db Xc-Øn-ep- -X-s{X. AØcw at\m-ho-cyhpw \n -b-zm Vyhpw a\- p-d- p-ap as mcp hy n C\n P -sa-sp- p-i-bn-. (a ^q-kmøv hmfyw 3. `mkw 57) 2 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004

apj pdn v hnip Jp -B Hcp Znhym- pxw! sszhs Adn-bp-Ibpw Bcm-[n- p-ibpw sn -emwv a\p-jysâ Pohn-X-e- y-sa v JpÀ- B³ {]Jym-]n- p- p. sszhm-t\z-j-i³ sszh-t_m-[\ (CÂlmw)- mâ {]_p-²-\m-hp-sa pw CXn\v sxfn-hmbn JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp- p. "" kxy-ssz-h- nâ hniz-kn- p-ibpw ]qà `àn-tbmspw Ønc-XtbmSpw IqSn hà n- p-ibpw sn p -h-cnâ kzà -Zq-X-cmb ae- piä Cd n AhÀ v C{]-Imcw ktµiw \ÂIp- p: "\n Ä `b-s -Sp-Itbm a\-xkvxm-]-s -Sp-Itbm Acp-Xv. \n Ä v hmkvzm\w sn s- -«n-«på kzà w \n Ä p-å-xn\mâ kt m-jn- p-ho³' (41:31). "sszh- nâ A\p-c-àcmb `à-p-\- n\p Ahsâ hnip² t_m[\w apjm- ncw sflni Pohn-X- nepw A\- c Pohn- X- nepw ip`-hmà e`n- p- -XmWv ' (10:65). `qan-bnâ sh v sszh- nâ \n p-å Cu `mjw hc- Ä e`n- p-hm-\på PohnX ]²Xn JpÀ-B³ \nàt±-in- p-ibpw AXn-\pÅ k¼qà PohnX amxribmbn lkvd v apl-½zv \_n (k) sb Nq n- m-«p-ibpw sn p- p. Cu Bßob hc{]kmzw e`n timsm-\p-timsn alm-ßm- sf Ckvemw axw kw`m-h\ snbvxn-«p- v. hnip² JpÀ-B³ D - bn- p Cu Znhy {]Xn-`m-k- nsâ C m-es kpoh ZrjvSm- -amwv lkvd v AlvaZv (-A). At±lw cnn "Ckvemw ax X z-úm\w' F {KÙ- nâ JpÀ-Bsâ Cu B-ßob PvRm\mt\zjW amà w hyà-ambn hnh-cn- p- p. B²ym-ßnI Úm\- nsâ A -b-\n-[n-bmb hnip² JpÀ-B³ bpàn-úm-\- nsâ Hcp apa-vpnk (Zn-hym-Ûp-Xw) IqSn-bm-Wv. {]]- - nse Øqe hkvxp- -fn-te pw {]Xn-`m-k- -fn-te- pw a\p-jy-{i-² Wn- p-sim v sszhm-kvxn-xz- nsâ kq va bmymà y- -fn-te v A\p-hm-N- Is\ JpÀ-B³ B\-bn- p-ibpw A\p-[ym\\nc-X-\m- p-ibpw sn p- p. ""kqcy\v N{µs\ F n- n-sn- m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. cm{xn v ]I-ens\ adn-i-s- m\pw km[y-a-ã. FÃm {Kl- fpw AXnsâ \nýnx ]cn-]-y- -fnâ k -cn- p- p.' (36:41). ho pw JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp- p ""_p²n-am- mcpw Úm\n-Ifpw `qan-bp-tsbpw BIm-i-tKm-f- -fp-tsbpw krjvsn-sb- p-dn p Nn n- p-ibpw Zn\-cm-{X- fpss A -c- n-\på Imc-W- Ä \nco- n- p-ibpw sn p-t¼mä {]]- nse pw \ndªp ImWp p kwhn-[m-\- nepw hyh-ø-bnepw kàtæm- -X-\mb sszh- nsâ k sb sxfn-bn- p bpàn-ifpw \ymb- fpw AhÀ p e`n- p- -Xm-Wv'' (3:191) `uxni imkv{x- nsâ hn-j-b- -fnâ {i² ti{µo-i-cn- m³ 750 hn-\- -fn-eqss JpÀ-B³ \s½ Blzm\w sn p- p. CXv JpÀ-Bsâ F«nsemt mfw hcpw. asämcp ax {KÙ- nepw {]Ir- Xnsb kw_-ôn v ]Tn- m\pw Nn n- m\pw C{X-tbsd A\p-Ú-I-fp-Å-Xmbn ImWm³ km[y-a-ã. imkv{x {]_p-²-amb B[p-\nI temis kzmkxw sn m³ JpÀB³ k -²-amWv F mwv CXnse ktµiw. GIo-IrX]qÀ -amb {]] nsâ {kjvsmhv F \ne v sszh- nsâ kq va-amb krjvsn ssh`-h- Ä hnh-cn- p \nc-h[n hn-\- Ä JpÀ-B-\n-ep- v. hntijhxv - c-w- n\v hnt[-b-ambn hntç-jn-x-ambn ]ptcm-k-an- p imkv{x-úm-\- sf DZv{K-Yn- m³ IqSn {]] w t]mse ka-{k-amb JpÀ-B-\v I-gn-bpw. JpÀ-Bsâ AÀ -]qà -amb hmb-\ pw B ]hn{x {KÙs AKm-[-ambn kvt\ln- m\pw AÃmlp \s½ XpW- -s«. n kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 3

tej\w Jp -B : AXpey{KŸw lkvd v AlvaZv (A) InS- p- p- v. Hcp hmxnâ bpànúm\- n-sâ-xm-wv. AXmbXv ssz-h- nsâ AkvXnXzw {kjvsmhv GI³, ià³, Zbm-\n-[n, \ncm-{i-b³, FÃm-än\pw Ign-hp-Å-h³ F o KpW- Ä bpàn-bpss coxn imkv{xw D]-tbm-Kn p JpÀ-B-\n Øm]n s «ncn- p- p. bpàn D]- tbm-kn p sim på Cu coxn imkv{x- nâ XÀ imkv{xw, hmün-xzw, `uxni imkv{xw, sshzyim-kv{xw, JtKmf imkv{xw, KWnX imkv{xw, XXz-im-kv{Xw, hnhm-z- - fpss coxn imkv{xw apx-em-bh FÃmw Xs kap-nn-x-ambn D²-cn- p-sim mwvv {]bm-k-i-c-amb kaky-iä \nà²-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. Cu coxn Akm-[m-c-W-am-Wv. CXv bpànbpss Hcp ZnhymÛp-X-am-Ip- p. XÀ -im-kv{x- Ä v P w \ÂIp-I-bpw, X z-im-kv{x- nsâ \nb-a- Ä Bhn-jvI-cn- p-ibpw, `uxni imkv{x- n-epw, JtKmf imkv{x- nepw Ah Btcm-]n- p- Ibpw Ahbn kzbw hym]-cn- p- Ibpw sn p alm- m-cmb X zim-kv{x-ú³amà v Ah-cpsS hnizmk- nse bpàn-`w-k- Ä \ni- phm³ AhcpsS Úm\- Ä v km[n- p- n-ã. Ah-cpsS sxäp-iä Xs kzbw Xncp- m-t\m, aäp-å-hà v Fs - nepw ax-]-camb t\«w ssih-cp- p-hmt\m Ahscs m m- (-tijw 22 mw t]pn ) hnip² JpÀ-Bs\ än hmkvz akolv p `qap-j v sszhn-i-{k-ù- C -fnâ ]cn-ip² ^pàjm³ am{x-amwv sszh -hm-iy- - sf p JÞn-X-amb sxfn-hp-i-fmâ Øm]n- -s -«n-cn- p- -Xv. AXnsâ tam -X- z- Ä kxy- n-sâbpw a\p-jy-{]-ir-xn-bp-ssbpw tnmz-\- Ä v XnI pw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-«p- Å-Xm-Ip- p. iàn-bp-àhpw A\ntj-[y- -fp-amb km y- -fpss ]qàw-amb ]n³_-e-apå kn²m -fmwv AXv apt m-«p-sh- n-«p-å- Xv. AXnsâ Iev]-\-I-sfÃmw kxym- [n-jvtn-x-am-wv. AXnsâ ]mt- Ä s]mbvssz-h-`m-h-\-bpss IeÀ p-ifnâ \n pw A\m-Nm-c- -fnâ \n pw krjvsn-]q-p-bnâ \n pw XnI pw ]cnip-²-am-ip- p. "XuloZpw' ]qàw-amb sszh-a-lna shfn-s -Sp- m-\på BXy- n-i-amb Xzcbpw AXn ImWmw. Baqem{Kw sszh- nsâ GI-Xm-]m-T- -fmâ \nà`-chpw AXyp- -X-\mb sszh- nsâ k sb kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw \yq\-x-bpss Idtbm t]mcm-bva-itfm AtbmPy KpW- tfm Btcm-]n- m- Xpw BsW t{ijvt-xbpw AXn-\p- v. AXv bmsxmcp hnizm-khpw _emâ m-tcw ASn-t -ev]n- m³ B{K-ln- p- n-ã. adn v, AXp \ÂIp ]mt- -fpss kxy-\n-zm-\- Ä BZyw hnh-cn- p-im-«p- p. FÃm Hmtcm e yhpw AXv {]am-w- fpw km y- fpw sim v Øm]n- p-d- n- 4 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 n-cn- p- p. Hmtcm X z- n-sâbpw bmymàyyw hyà-amb {]am-w- - fmâ hnh-cn- p-im-«n-s m v ]qàwamb ZrV-hn-izm-k- nsâbpw ]c-a- Úm-\- n-sâbpw ]S-hn-temfw F n- p-ibpw sn p- p. P\- - fpss hnizm-k- -fnepw IÀa- -fnepw hm nepw {]hr- n-bnepw IS- p-iq- Sp simå-cp-xm-bva-ifpw hr n-ti- Sp-Ifpw {Ia-`w-K- fpw Ipg- - -fpsaãmw Xnf p ZrjvSm- - -fmâ Zqco-I-cn- p-ibpw a\p-jys\ a\p-jy- \m- p- -Xn\p AXym-h-iy- -fm-bn- «på kie kwkvim-c-a-cym-z-ifpw AXp-]-Tn- n- p-ibpw sn p- p. C m-e v F{X Dut mss Xn {]N-cn- n-«pt m AtX Du nâ Xs AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n- p-ibpw sn p- p. AXnsâ A[ym-]-\- Ä {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a- -fpss ZÀ -W-sat mww {]Xy- hpw kpi-àhpw ka-xp-en-x-hp-am-ip- p. AXv ss\kàkn-i-amb \nb-a- -fpss Hcp ZÀ -Whpw {]IrXn \nb-a- -fpss Hcp Ombm-Nn-{X-hp-amIp p. JpÀ-B³ lrz-b-z-rjvsn-iä pw at\m-t\-{x- Ä pw {]Imiw snmcn-bp {]Xy- -kq-cy-\mbn {]tim-`n- p- p. (dq-lm\o Jkm-bnÂ, hmfyw 1, `m. 81, 82; _dm-los\ AlvaZn-, c mw JÞw. `m. 91, 92 H mw ]Xn- v.) ka-{kx kxyw {Kln- p- -Xn v hnip² JpÀ- B-\n aq v hmxn-ep-iä Xpd p

tej\w Jp -B : kwc- n- -s hnip {KŸw apkvenw P\-e- -߃ F m- Im-eØpw kºq Æ-ambpw lrzn-ÿ-am- n-s m- mwv Jp -B kwc- n- p-h-cp- -Xv. C{X-b-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ hmbn- -p- Xpw a\ mtam- p- -Xp-amb as mcp {KŸhpw `qtem-i-øn-. lkvd v anàkm -_-io-dp-±o³ alvaqzv AlvaZv À-B³ HmXp- Xpw ]IÀs gp-xp- Xpw {]kn-²o-i-cn- p- Jp Xpw Ckveman henb ]p Wy- -fm-bn-«mwv Icp-Xn-t m- n-«p-å- Xv. apkvenw Znhy- mcpw N{I-hÀ namà t]mepw JpÀ-B³ ]IÀs -gp- Xp- Xp Hcp ]pwy-tpm-en-bmbn kzoicn- n-«p- m-bn-cp- p-sh p Ncn{Xw ]d- ªp-X-cp- p. Ad-_n-`mj \S- n- Ãm C y-sb-t m-epå Hcp cmpy v Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Nc-a- n\p \qäm- p-iä tijhpw þ apkv enwiä lnµp BNm-c- fpw k{¼-zm-b- fpw kzoi-cn p XpS- n-bn-cp Ime- pt]mepw þ apkä N{I-hÀ n-bm-bncp Hudw-Ktk_v hnip² JpÀ-B³ ]IÀs -gp-xn-bm-wv Xsâ hn{i-athf Ign- p-iq-«n-bn-cp- -Xv. At±lw ]qà -amb Ggp Is -gp- p-{]-xn-iä X mdm- n-bn-«p-å-xmbn tcj-s - Sp s «n-«p v. JpÀ-B³ lrzn-ø-am- p k{¼-zmbw Xncp-\-_n-bp-sSbpw BZy Jeo-^-am-cp-sSbpw Ime v am{xw \S- p- m-bn-cp- -X-Ã, JpÀ-Bsâ Is -gp p {]Xn-IÄ s]cp-ip-ibpw kpe-`-am-bn- o-cp-ibpw snbvxtijhpw FÃm Ime pw apkvenw IÄ [mcm-f-ambn JpÀ-B³ a\-x]m-t- am- - n-s m- n-cp- p. apkvenw Ncn-{X- nse hnhn[ L«- -fn-seãmw IqSn Hcp e - n\pw c p e - n\pansbnâ Bfp-IÄ JpÀ-B³ lrzn-øam- n-b-h-cp- m-bn-cp- p-sh p Hcp axn- p-i-w v sim p ImWp- p. F mâ, CXn-ep-sa-{Xtbm A-[nIw t]à JpÀ-B³ lrznø-am- n-b-h-cp- m-bn-cp- n-cn- -Ww. apkvenwi-fpss hnim-c- -sfbpw apkvenw lrz-b- - fnâ JpÀ-B³ Df-hm- nb kvt\l `àym-xn-tc-i- sfbpw \Ã-h w a\- Ên-em- n-bn-«n-ãm bqtdm-]y³ Fgp- pimà Cu hn[- n-seãmw JpÀ- Bs\ kzñ-cq-]- nâ kwc- n- pt]m n-«p-s p hniz-kn- m³ X mdn-ãm-bn-cp- p. ss nä apgp-h\pw lrzn-ø-am- nb Hscmä Bsf pdn pw Ncn-{X- nâ tcjs «p ImWm- -Xn-\mÂ, Hmtcm Xeap-d-bnepw hen-sbmcp hn`m-k-am-fp-iä JpÀ-B³ Baq-em{Kw a\x-]m-tam nt m n-«p-s p hniz-kn- m³ AhÀ v Ign-ªn-Ã. JpÀ-Bsâ `mj AXy w Xmfm-ß-I-am-sW pw {]bm-k-sat-\y a\x-]m-t-am- m-hp hn[- n-emwv AXnsâ LS-\-sb- pap-åxp B ]hn-{x-{k-ù- nsâ Hc- Xn-i-b-am-sW hkvxpx {]txyiw HmÀ½nt - n-bn-cn- p- p, Fsâ koa- -]p-{x-\mb lm^nkv anàkm \mknà AlvaZv * (C-t±lw ] m_v bq\n-hàkn-än-bnse _n.-f. HmtWÀkv _ncp-zhpw HmIvkvt^mÀUv bq\nhàkn-än-bnâ \n pw Fw.-F. _ncp- Zhpw FSp Hcm-fs{X) Fsâ \nàt±-i-{]-im-cw, euini hnzym- `ymkw Bcw-`n- p- -Xn p ap¼m-bn- «p-xs JpÀ-B³ lrzn-ø-am- n-bn- «p- m-bn-cp- p. JmZn-bm-s\-t m-epå sndn-sbmcp Øe- p-xs c p tumivsàamcpw At\Iw _ncp-z-[m-cn- Ifpw JpÀ-B³ a\x-]m-t-am- n-b-h-cmbp- v. Ah-cn-sem-cm-fm-I-s«, \mtem At m amk- n-\p-ån-em-wv JpÀ- B³ lrznø-am- n-b-xv. C y³ s^u-dâ timà«v PUvPv kà apl- ½Zv k^-zp-ãmlv Jmsâ * ]nxmhv A¼Xp hbêp ]qà n-bm-b-xnâ ]ns GXm\pw amk- Ä -I-amWv JpÀ-B³ a\x-]m-t-am- n-b-xv. tamdo-jyknâ R -fpss anjy-\-dn-bm-bn-cp lm^nkv Kpemw apl-½zv kmlnlv aq p-am-k- Ä -I-amWv JpÀ-B³ lrzn-ø-am- n-bxv Cu {KÙ-Im-c³ kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 5

lön- mbn a -t bv p bm{x snbvx-b-h-k-c- nâ ap³jn Pam-ep- ±o³jmsâ (Ipsd- mew Ct±lw t`m]m-ense a{ n-bm-bn-cp- p) ]u{xs\ I p-ap-«n-b-t mä Xm³ Hs m-c-am-kw-sim p JpÀ-B³ lrzn-ø-am- n-b-xmbn Ft msp ]dbp-i-bp- m-bn. JpÀ-Bsâ aqe-hm-n- I- Ä Ffp- - nâ a\x-]m-t-am- mhp `mj-bn-em-sw- mwv CsXÃmw sxfn-bn- p- -Xv. Alva-Zn m {]Øm- \- nsâ Øm]-I-cpsS {]]n-xm-a-l- \mb anàkm KpÂap-l-½Zv þ apkän- {I-hÀ n-bm-bn-cp Bew-KoÀ c masâ ka-im-eo-\-\m-wn-t±lw þ JpÀ- B³ apgp-h\pw lrzn-ø-am- n-bn-cp Aªqtdm-f-am-fpIsf Xsâ sim«mc- nâ ]mà n- n-cp- -Xmbn ]d-ªpti-«n«ps p Nne htbm-hr-²- mà Cu {KÙ-Im-c-t\mSp ]d-bp-i-bp- mbn-«p- v. Ccp- qän A¼Xp NXp-c- {i-\m-gni hnkvxoà -apå Hcp {]tzi- nsâ A[n-]-\m-bn-cp p anàkm KpÂap-l-½-Zv. Ad-_n-`mj hn]p-eambn Adn-b-s -Sm C y-bnse Nne `mk- -fnâ JpÀ-B³ a\x-]m-tam- p k{¼-zmbw Hcp hn`mkw apkvenwiä n-s-bnâ \qäm- p-i-fmbn \ne-\n p h n-«p-å-xmbn ImWmw. JpÀ-Bsâ aqe-]-cn-ip²n kwc- n- p- -Xn-\p-th n kzoi-cn- p-h- n- «p-åxpw \qäm- p-i-fmbn XpSÀ p-h- n-«p-åxp-amb asämcp GÀ msv P \m AÔ-cm-bn-«p-Å-hcpw ssiih- nâxs Ipcp-S- m-cm-bn-t m-bn- «påhcp-amb Ip«n-Isf JpÀ-B³ lrzn-ø-am- p- -Xn p t{]mõm-ln- n- p-t]m- n-«p-s X-s{X. Hcp IpcpS³ km[m-cw tpmen-sbm pw sn m³ {]m]vx-\-ãm- -Xn-\mÂ, JpÀ- Bsâ Hcp kwc- -I-\m-bn- oà psim v AbmÄ v Xsâ Ign-hp-tI- Sns\ ]cn-l-cn- m-hp -Xm-sW hnnm-c-amwv C cw GÀ m-sn\p {]tnm-z\w \ÂIn-b-Xv. A -s\, AÔ-\mb Hcp apkvenan p lm^nkv (kw-c- -I³) F _lp-a-xn-t À kzbw h p-tn-cp-amdv Cu k{¼-zmbw 6 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 kàæ-km-[m-c-w-am-bn- oà p. da-km³ amk- nâ temi- nse- p-ap-å {][m\ ]Ån-I-fn-seÃmw \S- p kwl-\-a-kvim-c- Ä n-sbnâ JpÀ-B³ apgp-h-\p-ambn Dds snmãn-t Ä- n- -s -Sp- p. Camw Dds JpÀ-B³ HmXp- p. At±-l- nsâ sxm«p ]n n-embn asämcp lm^nkv D m-bn-cn- pw. Camw HmXp- -Xn hã sxäp-apt m F p AbmÄ {i²n- p-sim- n-cn- p-ibpw sxäp-t¼mä DWÀ p-ibpw sn p- p. C -s\, da-km³ amk nâ temi-s - p-apå e - -W- nepå ]Ån-I-fnÂsh p JpÀ-B³ apgp-h-\p-ambn HmX-s -Sp- p- v. Aapkvenw hnzzm- mà km n- p p JpÀ-B³ hmiy-aq-e- -fpss ]cnip-²nbpw kzñ-xbpw \ne-\nà nh hnhn-[- fmb amà - fpw ap³icp-xep-ifpw CsX-Ãm-am-bn-cp- p. CXnsâ-sbÃmw ^e-am-bn, Xncp-\-_nbpsS Imew-sXm-«p-Xs JpÀ-Bsâ aqe-cq]w ]qà -ambpw kwc- n- - s «p h n-«p-s p Ckvem-ansâ _²-ssh-cn-IÄ v t]mepw k-½-xn- p-]-d-tb- n-h- p. BI-bmÂ, Xncp- \_n temi- n p JpÀ-B³ F{]- Imcw \ÂIntbm AtX-{]-Imcw Xs AXp C pw \ne-\nâ p- ps p ]qà -amb hnizm-k-t m-sp- IqSn \ap- p-d- n p ]d-bmw. CXp-kw- _- -Ôn p Nne ]mým-xy-{k-ù-im-c- mà {]I-Sn- n- n-«på A`n-{]m-b- Ä NphsS D²-cn- s«. kà hneyw apbnà Life of Muhammad F Xsâ {KÙ- nâ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp p: ""At±lw (apl-½zv \_n) Ipsd-sbms icn-s - Sp- n-bn-«p- m-im-sa- nepw \½psS I nâ In«n-bn-«p-ÅXp At±-l- n-sâ- Xmb JpÀ-B³ Xs -bm-wv...'' (P. XXVIII). ""JpÀ-B-\n-epÅ Hmtcm hmn-ihpw AÊ-em-bn-«p-ÅXpw apl- ½Zv cnn- n-«p-å-xnâ \n pw H«pw hyxym-k-s -«n-«n-ãm- -Xp-am-sW p At -bäw iàn-tbm-sp-iqsn \ap- pd- n p ]d-bm³ Ign-bpw.'' (P. XXVIII). "'apl-½zv Xm³ Xs \ÂIn-bXpw D]-tbm-Kn- - Xp-amb aqe- {KÙw Xs -bmwv \½psS ] - epåsx p Dd- p-hn-iz-kn- mhp hn[w _mlyhpw B -cn-b-hpamb kie c bpw AXn\p e`n- ncn- p p.'' ]ns bpw ]d-bp p: "'JpÀ- Bs\ sszh-h-n-\-sa p apl-½-zo-bà F{X-I p hniz-kn- p- pthm A{X- I p AXp \ný-b-ambpw apl-½- Znsâ hn\w Xs -bm-sw p \ap pw hniz-kn- m³ Ignbpw F p thm lmaà A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-«p-å-xnt\msp GXm p XnI pw tbmpn- psim- p-xs \ap pw A`n-{]m-bs Smw'' (P. XVIII). t\mäun v ]d-bp p: ""\nêm-camb ssis -äp-iä D m-bn-cn- mw. F mâ, Dkvamsâ JpÀ-B-\nse DÅ-S w Nne-t mä hfsc AÛp- Xm-h-l-ambn txm pw-hn[w Xs AÊ hmiy- -fm-sw- p ImWmw. JpÀ-B-\n ]nâ m-e p It -ä- - fp- m-bn-«p-s p sxfn-bn- m³ bqtdm-]y³ hnzzm- mà \S- nb FÃm {ia- fpw ]cm-p-b-a-s- -bp-i-bm-wp- mbxv'' (Enc. Brit, 9th Edition-Quran). {Ia-s -Sp- n-b-xmà? JpÀ-B-\nse A²ym-b- Ä l{k v Dkvam-\m-Wv {Ia-s -Sp- nb-sx p Nne-À Xd- n p ]d-bm-dp- v. F m-exp icn-b-ã. da-km³ amk- nâ Xncp-\-_n(-k) Xs JpÀ- B³ apgp-h\pw HmXn- oà m-dp- mbn-cp- p-sh- Xp {]kn-²-am-wv. klm- _m- -fnâ Nnecpw A s\ sn mdp- m-bn-cp- p. da-km³ amkw JpÀ- B³ apgp-h\pw Xs \_n(k) Pn{_oen p HmXn-t Ä n- m-dp- mbn-cp- p-sh pw lzo-knâ h n-«p v (_p-jm-cn). C -d-ªxp Hcp Aapkvenw k½-xn- p-x-cn-i-bn-ãm-bn-cn- mw. F m-epw, At±lw JpÀ-B³ apgp-h-\p-ambn HmXn-h- n-cp- p F - (-tijw 12 mw t]pn )

tej\w Ime- nsâ km yw apl-½zv DaÀ F v.-f. Bßo-bm-Ô-Imcw \ndª Ime-L-«- nâ {]h-n-\- -fpss \nd-hnâ hmkvzm\w sn -s «]cn-jvià mhv kap-nnxw BK-X-\m-bn. cp sszh \nbpà hmzn-bpss kxy-km- y- n v H B[m-c-ambpw \nzm-\-ambpw hnip² JpÀ-B-\n \n v e`y-am-ip Hcp am\-zwvuw Ime nsâ Bh-iy-I-X-bm-Wv. hnip² JpÀ-B³ lkvd v dkqâ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS BK-a-\- n p ap¼på Ime-s - p-dn v AcpÄ snbvxn-cp- Xv Icbpw ISepw Hcp-t]mse Zpjn- p-t]m-bn-cp p (30:42)sh m-ip- p. Cu sszh-h- N-\- nsâ hymjym\màyambn, thzw e`n- -hcpw AÃm- -hcpw Zpjn v kxy-amàk- nâ \n pw hfsc hnzq-cs -«p-t]m-bn-cp- p-sh- mwv hymjym-xm- Ä Fgp-Xn-bncp- -Xv. Ncn-{X-Im-c- mà B Ime- n v Ccp- -Imew F p \ma-i-cww snbvxn-cp- p. B Bßo-bm-Ô-Imc \n_n-v-amb Ime- -h-x-cn lkvd v apl-½zp \_n(k) temi v hcp- n-sh Bßob hn¹hw \nkvxp-eyhpw hàw\m-xo-x-hp-am-bn-cp- p. A-{]-Imcw B ]pwym-ßm-hnsâ hcn-jvs-zm-k\pw Bßob kpx-\p-amb lkvd v AlvaZp JmZn-bm- \n(-a) Xm³ Cu \qäm- nse ax-]-cn-jvià mhp am{xa-ã, lkvd v dkqâ Icow Xncp-ta\n (k)-bmâ kphmà Adn-bn- -s «hmkvz alvzo ako-lmsw pw hmzn- p. CkvemanI ico-a- mb hnip² JpÀB³ Hcp hånt m ]pånt m Hcp hyxym-khpw CÃmsX \ne-\nâ p-ibpw [mcmfw lzokv {KÙ- fpw Ah ]Tn- n- p- -Xn- mbn [mcmfw ax-]-þn-x- mcpw Zo\o a{z-k-ifpw Ad-_nIv timtfpp-ifpw \ne- \nâ p p F n-cns Hcp ax-]-cn-jv À m-hn-sâ Bh-iy-IXsb m-sw p apkvenw ]Þn-X- mà hnaài- \-ap-bà p-i-bp- m-bn. F mâ hnaài-\- fpw FXnÀ p-ifpw dkqâ Xncp-ta\n (k)-bpss {]h-n-\- Ä pw ap -dn-bn- p- IÄ pw FXn-cm-Wv. Imc-Ww, hnip² JpÀ-B-sâbpw lzo-kp-i-fp-ssbpw ax-]-þn-x- m-cp-ssbpw Ah-cpsS hnzym-`ymk Øm]-\- -fp-ss-bpw km n-[y- nâ s apkvenwiä Ah-km-\-Im-e v blqzn \km-dm- sf NmWn p NmWmbpw apg- n p apg-ambpw A\p-K-an- p- Ibpw Ckveman AXnsâ t]cpw JpÀ-B-\n AXnsâ en]nbpw am{xw Ah-ti-jn- p-ibpw Ah-cpsS ]Ån-IÄ P\-\n-_n-V-am-bn-cn- p-sa- nepw lnbm-z v CÃm shdpw si«n-s- -fm-bn-cn- p-sa- pw AhÀ v t\cmb ]mx ImWn p simsp-t Ah-cpsS ax-]-þn-x- mà BIm-i- n-\p-io-gnâ Gähpw \nirjvs P p- -fm-bn- o-cp-sa pw FÃm Ipg- - fpw Ah-cn \n p-xs ]pd-s «p Ah-cn s as p- Xm-bn-cn- p-sa pw blq-zn-iä 72 I n-i-fm-bn- n-cn-ªn-«p-s - nâ Xsâ kap-zmbw 73 I n-i-fmbn ncn-bp-sa pw Ah-bn Htc Hcp Cam-ansâ Iogn kwl-sn- p "A Pam-A v' HgnsI _m n 72 ^nàj-ifpw \c-i- nâ ]Xn- p- - Xm-sW pw Cu AhØ kwpm-x-am-ip-t¼mä apkvenwifpss lrz-b- nâ \n pw ImÀ nim \ - {X-t mfw DbÀ p-t]mb Cuams\ Hcp ^màkn hwi- P³ ho pw sim p-h p P\-lr-Z-b- -fnâ cqv-aq-eam- p-sa pw lkvd v \_n Icnw (k) {]h-nn- p-ibp- m-bn. {]kvxpx FÃm {]h-n-\- fpw ap -dn-bn- p-ifpw Cu Ime v A -cmày- nâ ]qà n-bm-bn-cn- p- - Xmbn ImWp-hm³ km[n- p- p. C s X -fpss A\m-Yhpw A[x-]-Xn-Xhpw Bb timn-\o-bm-h-ø-sb- p-dn v apkv enwifpw AhcpsS {]kn-²o-icw- fpw Xs Gäp ]d-bp- p. apkvenwiä Hcp `mk v B -cn-i-ambn A[x]X\ KÀ - nâ B m p t]mhp-i-bm-sw- nâ adp `mk v ZÖm-en-i-àn-IÄ Ckveman-sâbpw kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 7

apkvenwi-fp-ssbpw iàn- \n-tèjw \in- n- p-hm³ FÃmhn[ IpX-{ - fpw {]tbm-kn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Ignª Hcp \qäm- n-e-[niw Ime-ambn Cu {]{Inb XpSÀ p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Cu Ime-L-«- n-emwv Camw alvzn-bpss BhnÀ`mh-ap- m-hpi F mwv lkvd v dkqâ Icnw(-k) AcpÄ snbvxn-cn- p- -Xv. AXm-bXv Ckveman AXnsâ t]cpw JpÀ-B-\n AXnsâ en]nbpw am{xw Ah-ti-jn- p Hcp Ime-L«w Fsâ kap-zm-b- nâ hcpw. At mä AÃmlp Camw alvznsb Ab v At±lw hgn Ckveman p hnpbw \ÂIp-Ibpw AXns\ ]p\-cp-²-cn- p-ibpw sn p- -Xm-Wv. (b\m-_o- D ah-±-xn Vol. 3 page 100) {]kvxpx {]h-n-\- nsâ shfn- - nâ Ckvemw B -cni-ambpw _mly-ambpw \in- p-sim- n-cn- p kµà`- nâ B ]pwym-ßmhv Ah-X-cn p C{]-Imcw hmzn- p: ""GsXmcp sszh-amwv Fs \nbp-à-\m- n-bn-cn- p- Xv, GsXm-cp-hsâ t]cnâ Iäp-sI-«n- -d-bp- Xv i]n- -s «hcpss ]Wn-bmtWm Ahsâ t]cnâ BW-bn«p Rm³ ]d-bp- p, Ah-\m-sWs hmkvz w alvzo akolm-bn-«-b- n-cn- p- -Xv. Rm³ hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ hn-\- -fnt  hnizm-k-aà n- n-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse Hcp ISp- I-fhp hyxym-k-an-ãmsx F\n- n-d- nb AÃm-lp-hnsâ hyà-amb hlvbpi-fnâ hniz-kn- p- p. Ah-bpsS kxyw XpSÀ p- m-bn-s m- n-cn- p AS-bm-f- -fmâ Fsâ taâ hyà-am- -s -«n-cn- p- p. (G v K oim Ckm-e). F mâ C s apkvenwi-fnâ `qcn-]- hpw Cu sszho-im-lzm-\s XnI pw Ah-K-Wn p If-bp-IbmWp snbvx-xv. AXnsâ Xnà-^ew apkvenw temiw C pw A\p-`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Cu Ah-K-W-\ p Imc-W-ambn d-bp- Xv api-fnâ hnh-cn- -Xp-t]mse hnip² JpÀ-B³ F ]cn-]qàw ico-a v \ne-hn-en-cns Hcp Bßob ]cn-jv À mhnsâ Bh-iy-an-sà m-wv. F mâ Cu \ne-]msp XnI pw sxäm-sw v dkqâ Xncp-ta\n (k)-bpss Hcp {]h-n\w km y-s -Sp- p- p. AXm-bXv lkvd v dkqâ Icow(-k) AcqÄ snbvx-xmbn lkvd v A_qlp-ssd-d(-d) cnhm-b v sn p- p: \ný-b-ambpw AÃmlp Hmtcm \qäm- n-sâbpw BZy- nâ Cu D½- n v AXnsâ Zo\ns\ (Ckvemw ax-s ) ]p\à Po-hn- n- p- -hsc \ntbm-kn- p- -XmWv. (A-_q-Zm-hqZv thm. 2. t]. 212, aniv m v t].36) Ckveman D m-ip Cu ax-]-cn-jvi-c-ws Ckvemansâ aqe-{]-am-w- Ä AwKo-I-cn- p- p. CXv kw_-ôn p Pam-As Ckveman-bpsS sszzam-kn-ibmb "'t_m[\'' nsâ 2004 amà v þ G{]n e - nâ ""XPvZoZv AÀYhpw hym]vxnbpw'' F Hcp tej\w {]kn- ²o-Ir-X-am-bn-cn- p p. tej-\-ià mhv {]kvxpx Imcyw hkvxp-\n-jvt-ambn hni-zo-i-cn v sims -gp-xp- p: "'\thm- m\w (X-PvZoZv) F Bibw Ckvemansâ aqe-{]-am-w- Ä AwKo-I-cn- p- p. GsXmcp P\-X-sbbpw Ønc-amb ]Xn-Xm-h-Ø-bn hnt«- pi F -Xv sszhni \oxntbm Ncytbm AÃ. kaq-l- -fpss D m-\-]-x-\- sf kq va-ambn hni-ie\w sn p JpÀB\nI kqà- Ä Cu hkvxp- Xsb kpxcmw shfn-s -Sp- p- p- v. {]hm-n-i³ (k) kv]jvs-am-bn- -dª XPvZoZv F ]Zw JpÀ-B-\n ImWp- n-ã. F nepw Cu Hcm-ibw JpÀ-B v A\yaà F v t_m[y-s -Sp- p \nc-h[n ]cm-aài- Ä JpÀ- B-\n ]e-bn-s- -fnepw BhÀ n- p- p- v.'' (t_m-[- \w. t]pv 19). AXm-bXv hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ hml-i-sc, A[x-]- Xn-Xm-h-Ø-bn \mtim- p-j-cm-bn- o-cp-hm³ AÃmlp A\p-h-Zn- p- -X-Ã. Ah-cpsS XPv-Zo-Zn- mbn þ \thm- m-\- n- mbn þ AÃmlp app-±nzo- sf þ ax-]-cnjvià m- sfþx ka-b v Xs \ntbm-kn- p- - Xm-Wv. "XPvZoZp' F hm v JpÀ-B-\n-en-sÃ- nepw AXn- p-]-i-c-ambn XplvbmAv (]p-\àpo-h-\w) F ]Zw CubÀY- nâ hnip² JpÀ-B-\n ]e-ø-e- -fnepw {]tbm-kn- n-cn- p- p. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn. AXm-b-Xv, \n Ä v `bhpw {]Xym-ibpw P\n- n- pamdp Ah³ an  ImWn- p-x-cn-ibpw BIm-i v \n p shåand n AXp-ap-tJ\ `qansb AXnsâ \nàpo-h-x- p-tijw ]p\àpo-hn- n- p-ibpw sn pi F Xv Ahsâ ZrjvSm- - -fnâs]-«-xm-wv. XoÀ -bmbpw AXn _p²n D]-tbm-Kn- p P\- Ä v ]e ZrjvSm- - fpw D v. (30: 25) ho pw AcpÄ sn p: 8 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004

AXm-bXv Ah³ \nàpoh hkvxp- -fnâ \n v Poh- \på hkvxp- -sfbpw Poh-\pÅ hkvxp- -fnâ \n v \nàpoh hkvxp- -sfbpw ]pd-t p sim p-h-cp p. `qan \nàpo-h-am-b-xn- p-tijw AXns\ Ah³ ]p\àpohn- n- p-ibpw sn p- p. CtX-{]-Imcw \n -sfbpw (]p- \-cppo-hn-xm-h-ø-bnâ) ]pd-t p sim p-h-cp- -Xm- Wv. (30:20) CXpt]mepÅ [mcmfw Bb- p-iä hnip² JpÀ- B-\n-ep- v. {]kvxpx Bb- nâ h "Nn n p P\- Ä v AXn ]e ZrjvSm- -fp-ap v' F Bb v Nn màl-am-wv. AXm-bXv CsX-{]-Imcw a\p- -jy-lrzbw Bßo-b-P-e-an-ÃmsX \nàpo-h-am-bn-t m-ip-t¼mä AXns\ ]p\àpo-hn- n- p-hm³ AÃmlp Xsâ Znhy-`mjWw F Bßob Pew aptj\ temi v ax-]-cnjvià m- sf \ntbm-kn- p- p. Cu {]{Inb hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ A-h-X-c-W- n- p-ti-jhpw \S- p- -Xmbn hnip² JpÀ-B³ AcpÄ sn p- p. Cu bmymàyyw "t_m[\w' sszzam-kn-i-bpss tej-\-ià mhv AwKo-I-cn- p-sim v C{]-Imcw Fgp- Xp- p: ""ClvbmAv F ]Z-amWv ]p\-cp-po-h\w F AÀYs tzymxn- n- m³ JpÀ-B³ {]tbm-kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. arx-amb Xcn-ip-`q-ansb kp-ehpw DÀhchpw B p p F Bi-b- n-emwv Cu ]Zw Gdn-b -Iqdpw D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. HmP-Êp-äXpw kpo-h-hp-amb Hcp kaq-l-kr-jvsnsb kw_-ôn D]-tZ-i-\nÀtZi- -fmwv JpÀ-B³ kaà n- p- -Xv. AXpsIm p-xs arxn-b- Sª H ns\ ]p\-cp-po-hn- n- pi F Bibw kv]jvsam-bn- -d-bmsx hywky-ambn kqnn- n- pi am{xta JpÀ- B³ sn p- p-åq. DZm-l-c-W-ambn AÃmlp ]d-bp p: sszh-kva-c-w-bmâ lr-zbw `àn-\nà`-cam- p- - Xn pw Ah³ Ah-X-cn- n kxyw A\p-k-cn- p- -Xn- \pw t\cs thzw e`n- -hsct mse Bbn- o-cm-xn-cn- p-hm\pw kxy-hn-izm-kn-iä v C\nbpw ka-b-am-bn- «nsã? A q-«-cm-is«ime-tasd IS- p-t]m-b-t mä AhcpsS a\kv ISp- p-t]m-bn. C v Ah-cn-te-sdbpw t]à ]m]n-i-fm-bn- oà n-cn- p- p. \ mbn {Kln- n-cn- pi, AÃmlp `qansb AXnsâ acwm-\- cw ]p\àpo-hn- n- p- p-sh v \mw \n Ä v ZrjvSm- - Ä aptj\ kv]jvs-ambn ImWn- p-x- n-cn- p- p. \n Ä _p²nbp]tbm-kn p {Kln-s - ntem? (AÂl-ZoZp 16, 17) C{km-tb k -Xn-I-sf- p-dn- på ]c-amài-amwv {]kvxpx kqà- -fnâ. Ime-ssZÀLy- mâ hgn-ti- Sn-emb B kaq-l- nsâ ]p\- -cp-po-h\ km[y-xsb t_m[y-s -Sp- m-\mwv kqàm-h-km-\w, \ mbn {Kln- p-i, AÃmlp `qansb AXnsâ ac-wm-\- cw Pohn- n- p p F p kqnn- n- Xv.'' (t_m-[\w t]pv 20). ChnsS c p-im-cy- fmwv kv]jvs-ambn a\-ên-em- Ip- -Xv. H p Ime-ssZÀLy- mâ blqzn \km-dm- Ä Bßo-b-ambn \nàpo-h-cm-bxvt]mse Xsâ D½ pw blqzn \km-dm- -sf- n³xp-sà p, ImessZÀLyw sim v hgn ]ng- p- -Xm-sW dkqâ Xncpta-\n-bpsS {]h-n\w A\p-kva-cn- -s -Sp- p. c p þ `qansb AXnsâ ac-wm-\- cw Pohn- n- p- -Xp-t]mse kaq-l- nsâ ]p\-cp-po-h-\- n-\mbn sszhw Bßob Pe-hÀj- n- på GÀ msp sn p- -Xm-Wv. AsX, apl-½zo D½- nsâ \nàpohmh-øbpw lkvd v Camw alvzn-bpss BhnÀ`m-hhpw aqew Cu c p-im-cy- fpw ChnsS ]qà n-bm-bn-cn- p- p. {]kvxpx Bb- n p hni-zo-i-c-w-sa-t mww t_m[-\-te-j-\-ià mhp Fgp-Xp p: "'kaq-l- -fpss Cu \ho-i-cw km[yx asäãm kaq-l- Ä pw _m[-i-am-sw pw apkvenw kaq-l- n p am{xw _m[-i-a-sã pw hmzn- p-hm³ \ap p sxfn-hp-i-fn-ã. F p am{x-aã AXv hnip² JpÀ-B³ kaà n- p s]mxp-x-xz- Ä v FXn-cm-Wp-Xm\pw'' (t_m[\w t]pv 20). C{Xbpw hnh-cn- -Xn- p-ijw tej- \-IÀ mhv Hcp kxy- n-te v shfn w hoip- p: "'Zo\nsâ kàh-txm pj-amb XPvZoZv \nàhln- p Hcp k-¼qàw app-±n-znsâ BK-a\w \½psS Imehpw kml-n-cyhpw Bhiy-s -Sp- p- p. \½psS _p²nbpw Nn bpw Hcp app-±n-zns\ {]Xo- n- p- p. \qtdm Bbn-ctam hàj- Ä Ign-ªmepw Zo\ns\ AXnsâ bymày Hu -Xy- n-te v \bn- p Hcp alvzn {]Xy- -s -Sp-sa lzo-kp-i-fpss {]h-n\w Cusbm-cÀY- n-epå kqn-\-bm-bn- qts?'' (t_m-[\w t]pv 24) Cu bmymàyy- -fpss shfn- - nâ lkvd v \_n Icnw(-k) snbvx FÃm {]h-n-\- -sfbpw ap -dnbn- p-i-sfbpw km mâ -cn- p-sim v X ka-b v Xs Camw alvzn {]Xy- -\m-hp-ibpw BtKm-fm-Sn-Øm- \- nâ al- mb hn¹hw kwpm-x-am-ip-ibpw snbvxp. sszhni {]h-n-\-a-\p-k-cn v C p At±-l- nsâ ktµiw `qan-bpss timwp-i-tfmfw F n. F mâ h Aem A_vkm-cnlnw Cim-h- p³ þ Ah-cpsS I p-ifnâ Xncbpw adbpw D v þ F JpÀ-B³ hmiy-a-\p-kcn v lkvd v Camw alvzn-bpss BK-a\-s bpw ""Imem- -tcw {]X-en- p-t]mb Zo\nsâ A[ym-]-\- sf ]qàhkm-an-i-fpss Imes bymày cq]- n-te v Xncn- kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 9

p-sim- p-t]m-hp-ibpw GSp-I-fn HXp- n-t mb Zo\ns\ {]mtbm-kn-i-x-bpss `qan-i-bn-te v ]dn- p-\-sp- Ibpw snbvx a-lm-ßmhv Xs bpw'' (t]pv 24) A s\ At±lw ax-tem-i v kwpm-x-am- nb Bßob hn¹h-s bpw ImWp-hm³ C q-«à v km[n- n-ã. AXnsâ Xnà-^ew ZÖm-enb- nsâ ]nsn-bn-e-aà p sim v GXv coxn-bn-emwp apkvenw temiw A\p-`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -sx v N{µn-I-bpsS Hcp ]{Xm-[n-]- p-dn v km yw hln p p: "'apkvenw temiw C p Akz-Ø-X-bpsS \ngenemwv k -cn- p- -Xv. A\p-{K-l- fpw BioÀhm-Z- fpw AhÀ p- v. temi-p-\-kwjybnâ \menâ Hcp `mk-amwv apkvenwiä. F n«pw Akz-Ø-X-bpsS aqsp- ]Sw apkvenwi-fnâ Zriy-am-Ip p. temi v \m\m-`m-k- -fnepw \odp a\-êp-ambn Ign-bp apénw-iä thz\ ISn- n-d- p Hcp kaq-l-ambn amdn-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. apkvenw \msp-i-fnâ FhnsS t\m n-bmepw {]iv\- - fpss Iq¼m-c- -fmwp ImW-s -Sp- -Xv. {]iv\- Ä hn«pam-dm apkvenw temiw \mi- nsâ KÀ - n-te v hogm³ Hcp- p-i-bm-wv. Ata-cn- -bp-ssbpw djy-bpssbpw N«p-I- -fm-im³ aõ-cn- p Ad_v cmjv{s- - sf-bmwv C v Fhn-sSbpw ImWp- -Xv. (N-{µn-I-bpsS ]{Xm-[n] ASn- p-dn v 24.2.81) CXv 23 hàj- Ä p ap¼på apkvenw temi- nsâ Ah-Ø-bm-bn-cp- p. AXn- p-tijw \S KÄ^v bp²- Ä, Cdm-Jn-sâbpw A^vKm-\n-Øm-sâbpw ]X- \- Ä apx-emb thz-\m-p-\-i-amb kw`-h-hn-im-k- Ä apkvenw temi- nsâ ]X-\s kqnn- n- p- p C p apkvenw temiw ZÖm-en-b- n-sâ apjvsnbne-aà v A\p-`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p Zpcn-X- Ä apkvenwiä p CXn-IÀ -hy-xm-aq-v-cmbn t\m n- \nâ p-hmt\ km[n- p- p-åq. C-Xn- på GI ]cn-lm-c-amàkw Ckvemansâ BtKmf hnp-b- n-te v ssp{x-bm{x \S- p-, P\- lr-z-b- sf kvt\l- mepw kulmàz mepw ]nsn- -S- n-s m- på sszh-\n-bp-à-\mb Camw alvzn-bpss PamA p-ambn _Ô-s -SpI am{x-am-wv. Cu bmym ÀYyw a\-ên-em- m-\på ku`mkyw AÃmlp apkvenw temi- n v \evinb\p-{k-ln- p-am-dm-i-s«. Bao³. n (8 mw t]pn \n v XpS ) Xn kwi-b-an-ã-sãm. Fs - nepw {Iao-I-cWw A\p-k-cn- m-hww At±l-aXp snbvx-xp. Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Nc-a- n- ptijw lkvd v Aen(-d), Jeo-^bm-bn- -gn-ªn-cp lkvd v A_q- _- dns\ Ipd p-\m-f-t bv p sn p-im-wp-i-bp- m-bn-ã. lkvd v A_q-_- À (d) At±-ls Bfb p hcp- n. Xm³ Jeo^-bmbn sxc-sª-sp- -s -«-Xn hã A\njvS-hp-apt m F p lkvd v A_q- _- À (d) At±-l-t msp tnmzn- p. Hc-\n-jvS-hp-an-sÃ- pw, JpÀ-B³ Ah- X-cn coxn-bnâ Xs AXns\ {Ias -Sp- p Hcp tpmen-bnâ Xm³ apgp-in-bn-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp-s pw Xncp- \_n (k) Ncaw {]m]n- -t mäxs Cu Npa-Xe \nàæ-ln p XpS- - Wsa p Xm³ Btem-en- p-d- -XmsW pw At±lw adp-]sn \ÂIn. Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Ime p JpÀ-B³ Hcp {]txyi coxn-bn-emwv HmXn-h-cmdp- m-bn-cp- -sx pw AXp JpÀ-B³ Ah-X-cn {Ia- n-em-bn-cp nn-sã pw 10 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 CXn \n v hyà-am-ip- p- -sãm. AXp-sIm- m-wv, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Bhiy- sf ]cn-k-wn- p, JpÀ-B³ Ah- X-cn {Ia- nâ Xs AXp ]IÀ p kq n m³ Aen(-d) Xocp-am-\n- Xpw GsX- nepw hmiytam hmiy- tfm Xncp-\-_n- nd- n-bmâ At±lw JpÀ-B³ FgpXn kq n- p- -h-cn-em-sc-sb- nepw DS³ hnfn- p-h-cp- p-ibpw B hmiyw GXp A²ym-b nâ FhnsS tnà -W-sa p \nàt±-in- p-sim p AsX-gp-Xn-sh- m³ Iev]n- p-ibpw BWv snbvxn-cp-s v lzo-kp-i-fnâ ImWmw. Xncp-\-_nbv p shfn-]m-sp- I-fp- m-bmâ B shfn-]m-sp-hmiyw GXp A²ym-b- nâ DÄs -Sp-t - -Xm-sW- pw-iqsn Xncp-\-_nbv p Adn-hp-\ÂI-s -«n-cp p F p CXp ImWn- p- p- -tãm. * Alva-Zn m Pam-A- nsâ aq mw Jeo^ ]Xns\m mw hb-ênâ Xs JpÀ-B³ apgp-h\pw lrzn-øam- n-bn-cp- p. þ ]cn. * k^-dp-ã-lvjm³. ]n osv temitim-sxn PUvPnbpw ]min-kvxm³ hntz-i-im-cy-a-{ n-bp-am-bn. n \nim-\-a-kvim-chpw Bfl \n-b-{ -Whpw \nimth-f-bnâ Fgpt äv \a-kvicn- p- Xv XoÀ -bmbpw Bß \nb- { Ww ssih-cp p Xn\v Gähpw iàamb amà hpw hm p- IÄ snmæm- p- -Xn\v IqSp-X klm-b-i-c-am- Ip- p. ]I thf-bnâ \n\ v kpzoàl-amb {]hà \ ]cn-]m-sn-ifp v. hnip² JpÀ-B³ (73:7,8)

tej\w sszh {]I j-whpw Bflob k m-chpw -lkvdøv an km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) flob ]ptcm-kxn {]m]n- p- - B Xn-\p- c p am K-ßsf n kq^n-iƒ tcj-s -SpØnbn cn p p. (1) "kpeq- v' AXm-bXv "k -cn- pi' (2) "Pk_v' AXm-bXv {]I jww AYhm BI j-ww, hio-i-c-ww. kpeqiv F m _p n D]-tbm-Kn v bp n-am tkw A mlp-hns bpw dkq-en-s bpw hgn ]n ]- pi F -Xm-Wv. A mlp Acpƒ snøp p: AXm-b-Xv, \o ]d-bp-i, \n߃ A m-lp-hn\p {]nb c-c-m-bn-cn- -Wsa v B{K-ln- p- p-sh- n lkvdøv dkq Icnw (k) Xncpta\nsb ]n ]- p-i. (3:32). At±lw ]cn-]q W am K Z i-i\pw temi- Øn a mcpw A\p-`-hn- n- n- m-ø-b{x hnja-߃ kln {]hm-n-i\pw BIp p. At±lw Hcp Znhkw IqSn hn{im n sim n. GsXmcmfm twm A\p-[m-h\w snø-s -Sp- Xv B BfpsS Hmtcm hm pw {]hrønbpw ]q Wambpw AXy- zm- \-tømspiqsn A\p-[m-h\w snøp BfmWv bym Y-Øn-ep A\pbmbnbmIm tbmky-x-bp Bƒ. Ae-k-X-bpw A{i- bpw AtX-{]- Imcw ]cp- kz`m-hhpw A mlp CjvS-s -Sp- n. AØcw Bƒ A m-lp-hns t{im[-øn p ]m{xam-bn-øo-cp-i-bmwp snøp- -Xv. ChnsS A mlp dkq Xncp-ta\n (k) sb A\p-[m-h\w snøm-\p A\p-im-k\ \ In-bXv sim v Hcmflob k mcn (km-en-iv) bpss ISa BZy-ambn lkvdøv dkq Xncp-ta- \n-(k)bpss kºq W Poh-N-cn{Xw ]Tn- pi-bm-wv. AXns\bmWv A\p- K-an-t Xv. kpeqiv (B-flob k m-cw) F m CXm-W Yw. Cu k m-c-]-y-øn [mcmfw hn]-øp- Ifpw A n-]-co- -Ifpap v. Cu F m B]-Øp-I-fnepw AcnjvSX-Ifnepw ssÿcy-tømss \ne-sim- p Hcp a\p-jy\mwv kmeniv A Yhm Bflob k m-cn-bm-ip-hm km[n- pi. Cu {]I jnx kaq-l- Øns (Alvse Pkv_v) ÿm\w Bflob k mcn (kmen- n)bpss ÿm\-tø- mƒ hep-xm-wv. A mlp Bfl{]I jn-xsc Bflo b k m-cn-i-fpss ]Y-Øn-eqsSbp k -cn-xm-h-ÿ-bn am{xw hym]r-xmcm- p- n-. Ahsc A n-]-co- bn he-bn-x-cm- p-ibpw X n-te v BI jn-s -Sp- p-ibpw snøp- p. F m {]hm-n-i- mcpw apvkq_v AXm-bXv sszh kvt\l-øm {]I jn- -s -hcpw AXn Ba cp-am-wv. a\p-jym-flm-hn\v ]co- Wßsf t\cn-ts- n-h-cp-tºm-sg mw AXnse A\p-`-h-ß-fn \n pw Bflm-hv ssnx\y Zo]vXn {]k-cn- n p- p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Dcp- v, IÆmSn F nh-bn Xnf- -Øns [mxp AS-ßnbn-cn- p- p-sh- nepw AXns\ F{X I p an\p-ks- -Sp-Øp- pthm A{X I v AXns Xnf w ]pdøp {]Xy- -am-ip p. AXn Xs apjw Z in- p-hm km[n- p- p. Xo{h bxv\-ßfpw an\p-k-s -Sp-Øp- Xv t]mse-bm-wv. apjw Z in- s -Sp- hn[w lrz-bsø an\p-k-s - Sp-tØ- -Xm-Wv. apjw ImWpI F -Xns Xmev]cyw sszhni KpW߃ AXn {]Xn-^-en- -s -Sp-I-bm- Wv. Hcp kmen- ns lrzbw IÆm- Sn-bm-Wv. AXns\ ]co- -W-ßfpw IjvS- m-sp-ifpw F{X I v an\p n t]mfnjp snøp- pthm A{X I v Xncp-\_nbpsS al KpW-߃ AXn {]Xn-_nw-_n- -s -Sp- p. Cu ÿnxn-hn-tijw kwpm-x-am-ip- Xv lrz-b-øn Hcp hn[-øn-ep hntzz-j-hpw amen-\yhpw Ah-ti-jn- mø \ne-bn A[n-I-amb Xo{hb-Xv\-ß-fm AXns\ ip o-i-cn- ptºm-gmwv. At mƒ am{xta Cu ÿm\w Ic-K-X-am-hp-I-bp- q. Hmtcm hnizm-kn pw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc Cu ]cnip- n-bpss Bh-iy-ap- v. Hcp IÆm- Sn-bm-ImsX I v Hcp hnizm-kn pw tam {]m]vxn km[y-a-. Bflob k mcw \SØp bmƒ kzbw t]mfojv snøs Sp p. kzbw IjvS- X-Ifpw hnj-a-ßfpw Gs -Sp- p- p. F m sszh-{]-i jn-x (P-k-_p- -mlv) B]-Øp-I-fn AI-s - SpØs -Sp- p. Abmsf an\p-kam n cq]-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv A mlp kz bw Xs -bm-wv. ]e hn[-øn-ep hnj-a-ßfpw IjvS- m-sp-ifpw \ In Abmƒ v Z -W-Øns ÿm\w \ In-b-\p-{K-ln- p- p. hmkvx-h- Øn kmen- n-s bpw (ssz-hsø {]m]n -p- -Xn-\mbn Bflob k mcw \S-Øp Bfns bpw) apvkq-_n-s bpw (sszh{]i jn-xs bpw) {]Xn-^ew H p Xs -bmbn-cn- pw. Npcp- -Øn Hcp apø Jn p c p hi-ß-fm-wp- Xv 1. kpeq v 2. Pk-_v. (a ^qkmøv hmfyw 1 t]pv 29) (hnh. apl-ωzv Da ) n kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 11

tej\w (Christianity a Journey from Facts to Fiction F {KÙ- nâ \n v). {InkvXp-hns kxyhpw sk v t]mfns {XnXzhpw lkvd v anàkm XzmlnÀ AlvaZv (d) tbip-hnsâ bymà injy³ spdp-skew k`-bpss t\xm-hmb sp-bnwkv AYhm bmt m_v BWv. sk³dv t]mfm-is«{inkvxp-a- Xs hgn sxän {XnXz- nsâ D]-PvRm-Xm-hpw. kvxp-ax nsâ ASn-Øm\ {In kn²m- -amb {XnXzw {InkvXphnsâ PohnX Ime v {Inkv Xp-a-X- nâ CÃm H m-wv. Cu kn²m w cq]-s -«p-h-cm³ XpS- nbxv {InkvXp-hnsâ {Iqio-I-c-W- n\p tijw am{x-am-swt ]c-amh[n ]d-bm³ km[y-am-hq. hyà-ambn \nàæ-nn- -s «cq]- nepw `mh- nepw {InkvXp-aXw cq]-s -«p-h-cm³ \qäm- p-iä FSp- n-«p- v. hyxykvx ax- nepw kwkvim-c- nepw ]mc-¼cy- nepw DÄs «{InkvXy³ sszhim-kv{x-ú-cp-tsbpw XXz-imkv{X hnz-kv[-cp-tsbpw Xo vwhpw hnhm-zmß-i-hp-amb kpzoàl kwhm-z-{]-{inb-i-i-fn-eq-ss-bmwv {XnXz-hmZw IS- ph-cp- -Xv. BZy-Im-e v {InkvXp-a-X- ns\ hc-thä ]e tzi- -fnsebpw an p- Ifpw ]mc-¼-cy- fpw h¼n txmxnâ {InkvXp-a-Xs kzm[o-\n- p-i-bp- m-bn. {InkvXp-a-X- nsâ aqjy-amb XmgvXSn PqX-aX ]mc-¼cy- n-tâ-xm-wv. {InkvXp-aXw cq]- s -«p-h BZy-Im-e- -fnâ AXnsâ hnizm-khpw X z-im-kv{x-hp-saãmw hfà p hni-kn- Xv PqX-a-X- nsâ hnem-k- n-em-bn-cp- p. {InkvXp-a-X- nsâ BZy-Ime Ncn-{X- neps- \ofw Cu PqX-aX kzm[o\w Gähpw {]_-e-ambn \n p. PqX-aX hn`m-k- nâs]-«-h-cmwv tbip-hnâ \n v t\cn«v {InkvXp-aXw ]Tn- p-ibpw tbip-hnsâ Pohn-X- n\v km yw hln- p-ibpw snbvx-xv. tbip-hnsâ hnip-²-amb A²ym-]-\- -fp-ss-bpw, PohnX ]mt- -fp-ssbpw `qan-i-bnâ Bg- nâ thcp-i-fp-å-hà Ah-cm-Wv. tbip-hns\ kzoi-cn Cu PqX-a-X- ØÀ Xs -bm-bn-cp p tbip-hnsâ {Iqio-I-c-W- n\v km yw hln- Xpw B h[-{i-a- nâ \n pw tbiphnsâ AXn-Po-h\w t\m n- - Xpw. tbip-hnsâ BZy-in-jy mà BZna {InkvXym-\n-IÄ, tbiphnsâ {]Ir-Xs ASn-Øm-\-am- nbpw tamk-knsâ \nb-a- sf ]n p-s-cp- -Xns\ B[m-c-am- nbpw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn hn`-pn- -s -«- Xmbn ImWp- p. {InkvXp-a-X- nsâ c m-as hnim-k-l«w ]pxn-sbmcp Bi-bKXnbpw X z-im-kv{xhpw {InkvXp-a-X- n\v \ÂInb skâ v t]mfns\ B[m-c-am- n-s m- p-å- Xm-Wv. skâ v t]mfpw kmxzn-i-\mb bmt m_pw (James) X½n aueniambn A`n-{]mb hyxym-k fp- m-bn-cp- p. bmt m_v spdpktew k` ]cn-]m-en- -t mä t]mä ]mýmxy cmpy- -fn-emwv kphntijw {]kw-kn- -Xv. apjy-ambpw ]pdw- Pm-Xn-IÄ (Gentile) ns-bn-emwv At±lw {]Nm-cWw \S- n-b-xv. ]mýmxy k` t]mfnsâ BZÀi- - fmwv ]n osv kzoi-cn- -Xv. F mâ spdp-ktew k` GI-ssZ-hkn²m - n-e-[n-jvtn-x-amb A²ym-]-\- -fmwv Ah-ew-_n- -Xv. bmt m-_nsâ k`m-ip-{iq-jbpss ^e-am-bn-«mbncp p F_n-tbmssWäv (Ebionites) F hn`mkw DSse-Sp- -Xv. km[p (The meek) Zcn- {ZÀ (The poor) F o AÀ - - fpå "F_n-tbm\nw' F ln{_p-hm- nâ \n mwv F_n-tbm-ssWäv F \maw DÛqX-am-b-Xv. AhÀ 12 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004

n sk vt]mƒ blq-z-\m-bncp- n-. Xm I Hcp Z i-\-sam-gn v tbip-hpambn t\cn v bmsxmcp _ hpw At±-lØn- n- m-bn-cp p. sshtz-ini kwkvim-c-øns i - amb kzm[o-\-øn\v t]mƒ apºp-xs hnt[- b\m-bn- -gn- n-cp- p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv At±lw B Z i\w ImWp- -Xv n PqX {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-cp- p. AhÀ tbip-hns\ aninlm (a-ko-lv) Bbn- «mwv kzoi-cn- -Xv, sszh-]p-{x-\m-bn- «Ã. AhÀ tamk-knsâ \nba- Ä IÀi-\-ambn ]n p-sà p. ln{_p-kphn-ti-jw, F_n-tbm-ssW-äUv kphnti-jw, \km-dm-b-cpss kphntijw F o t]cp-i-fn-emwv F_ntbm-ssW-äp-I-fpsS kphn-tijw Adnb-s -Sp- -Xv. F_n-tbm-ssW-äp-I-sf- p-dn v ]e kvt{xmx-êp-i-fnâ \n pw hnh-c-w- Ä e`y-am-wv. 4mw \qäm- nâ Pohn kok-dmbnse (Cesaraea) Cbq-kn-_kv Fgp-Xnb "k`-bpss Ncn{Xw' (The History of Church) F {KÙ- nse 'shkv]m-kn-b-\nâ \n pw {SmP-\n-te v' (Vespasian to Trajan) F aq mw ]pkvx-i- nâ F_n-tbm-ssW-äp-Isf kw_-ôn v ]cm-aài-ap- v. tbip-hnsâ \nehmcan-ãm- Xpw \nêm-c-hp-amb A`n-{]mb- -fnâ \n mwv "F_n-tbm-ssWäp-IÄ' F \maw DÛhn -sx v ]dªv {KÙ-Im-c³ Ah-cpsS ho - W- sf ]cn-l-kn- p- p- v. kz`m-h- Kp-W- -fpss al-xz neqss At - bäw kmxzn-i-\m-bn- oà Hcp km[m-cw a\p-jy-\mwv tbip F mwv F_n-tbm-ssW-äp-IÄ hnizkn- p- Xv. PqX- m-sc-t]mse AhÀ apd{]imcw im_ v BN-cn- p. hnizm-k- n-eqss am{xw tam w In«p-sa t]mfnsâ Bibw AhÀ XÅn- -f-ªp. {]kvxpx {KÙ-Imc³ asämcp F_n-tbm-ssWäv {Kq ns\- p-dn pw ]cm-aàin- p- p v. AhÀ I\y-Im-{]-k-h- nepw ]cn-ip- ²m-ßm-hnepw hniz-kn- -h-cm-bn-cp- p. ]t, sszhw F \ne v hn- \hpw Úm\-hp-ambn P\n- p- -Xn\v apt¼ tbip \ne-\n- n-cp p F kn²m- s AhÀ \ncm-i-cn- p. a m-bn-bpss kphn-ti-j-am-bn-cn- m ³ km[y-x-bpå "ln{_q-kp-hn-ti jw' Bbn-cp p AhÀ ]n p-sà Xv. im_ pw aäp -PqX BNm-c- fpw ]men- p-t]m- AhÀ DbnÀs -gpt  pw BN-cn p t]m p.(1) BÀ. Cukvam³ Xsâ 'Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered' (Nm-hp-I- S Nqcp-fpIÄ ad\o p- p) F ]pkvx-i- nâ F_n-tbm-ssW-äp-IfpsS ]Ým- ew hnh-cn- p- p- v. bmt m_v (sp-bnwkv þ kmzn- v, ktzm v þ kmxzn-i³ F v AÀ w) BZy \qäm- nsâ a[y-l-«- n  (G-I-tZiw G.-Un. 40-þ60) spdpsktew k`-bpss t\xm-hm-bncp bm-fm-wv. `qx-im-es kvacn- psim v ]d-bp-i-bm-sw- nâ Cu kaqlw ]e-kvxo-\nse PqX {Inkv Xym-\n-I-fm-bn-cp- p. F_n-tbm-ssWäp-IÄ Cu imj-bnâ \n mwv cq]w sim -Xv.(2) bmt m-_ns\ ]n³]-änb Cu kaqlw "Zcn-{ZÀ' F t]cn-emwv Adn-b-s -«n-cp- -Xv. (Kem- n-bà. 2:10, bmt m_v. 2:3þ5)(3) Zcn-{ZÀ F hnti-jww tbip-hnsâ Kncn-{]-`m-j- W- nepw Nmhp-I-S Nqcp-fp-I-fnepw ImWmw. Nmhp-I-S NpcpÄ Fgp-Xnb-hÀ v ka mcmwv F_n-tbm-ssWäp-IÄ F v ]e coxn-bnepw Cukvam³ Icp-Xp- p. \ymb {]amw nsâ hnizmkw XyPn- -h- \m-wv t]mä F v Icp-Xn-bn-cp F_n-tbm-ssW-äp-IÄ kmxzn-i-\mb spbnw-kns\ BZ-cn- p-ibpw tbip Ah-cpsS a\p-jy-\mb ako-lm-sw v hniz-kn- p-ibpw snbvxp. AhÀ \nb-ahpw im_ pw IÀi-\-ambn AXypÂkm-l-t mss ]men p t]m p. bmt m-_ns\ AhÀ Gähpw D -X-\mbn KWn- p-ibpw t]mfns\ i{xp-hmbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw snbvxp. (4) (a mbn 13:25-þ40) (5). s_-bvkâ v, telv, en³tim-fn³ F n-hà tnàs -gp-xnb "sakn-bm- \niv eokkn' (The Messianic Legacy) F ]pkvx-i- nâ F_ntbm-ssW-äp-IÄ, Kvt\mÌn- p-iä (Gnostics), am\n-t -b- mà (Manicheans), km_n-b- mà (Sabians), am³un-b³ ax- mà (Mandeans), s\tìm-dn-b³kv (Nestorians), F m-sskäkv (Elkasites) F n-h-cpss A²ym-]- \- -fpss bymà t{kmxêv \kvdo³ X z-im-kv{x- (Nazarene Philosophy) am-sw v hnh-cn- -s - «n-«p- v. AhÀ \kvdo³ X z-imkv{xs än ]cm-aàin- p- Xv C{]- Im-c-am-Wv: "tbip-hn-s\- p-dn pw At±-l- nsâ A²ym-]-\- -sf- p-dn pw ]Tn- p-t¼mä AhbpsS A na kvt{xmxêv \kvdo\pi-fnâ \n msw v ImWmw. AXm-bXv tbip-hn- \mâ shfn-hm- s «Xpw bmt m-_v, bqzm AYhm bqzm txmakv F nhcpw Ahsc XpSÀ p-å-hà {]t_m- [n- Xp-am-Wv Ah. Ah-cpsS hnizmk- Ä Ch-bmWv: 1. tamk-knsâ \nb-a-t m-spå IÀi-\-amb hnt[-b-xzw. 2. tbip ako-lm-sw hnizmkw. 3. tbip-hnsâ km[m-cw P\-\- nepå hnizmkw 4. t]mfnsâ ho -W- -tfm-spå kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 13

FXnÀ v. CkvXmw-_q-fnse Hcp sse{_- dn-bnâ kq n- -s «Hcp Ad_n en JnX tij-c-ap v. CdmJv AXnÀ ntbmsp tnà sx v ]Sn-ªm-d³ Cdm-\nse Jqkn-Øm³ (Khuzistan) F Øe v \n på Hcp k\ym kn at- nâ \n v e`n- -XmWv Cu IrXn. A v Bdv \qäm- p-i-fnâ kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnâ Fgp-X-s -«-Xpw "A \kmd' F v hnh-cn- -s -«-Xpamb Hcp {KÙ- nâ \n p-å D²-c- Wn-IÄ Cu IrXn-bn-ep- v. G.-Un. 66- þâ spdp-skew \in- n- -s -«-t mä AhnsS \n pw c -s «\kvdo³ kwl- nsâ ho -W- -fmwv CXn {]Xn-^-en- p- Xv. tbip Hcp a\pjy\m-sw mwv AXn ]cmaàin- p- -Xv. tamk-knsâ \nb-a- Ä ]n p-s-cm\pw AXn Du  \ÂIp- p- v. t]mfnsâ A\p-bm-bn- IÄ tbip-hnsâ axw Dt]- n- p-i bpw tdmam- m-cpss ax-kn-²m- - Ä kzoi-cn- p-ibpamwv snbvxxv.' (6) {InkvXp-aXw cq]-s -Sp- p- - Xn ]s -Sp FÃm-hn[ kn²m- - -fnepw sh v \kvdo³ XXz- -fnâ hniz-kn- -h-cpss kn²m- - Ä v ap³k-w\ \ÂIp- -Xm-Wv \oxn-]qàæ- I-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. Cu BZna {InkvXym- \n-iä {InkvXob X z- -fpss AÀ w tbip-hnâ \n p-xs t\cn- «p-]-tn- -Xm-Wv. skâ v t]mfnsâ ] v skâ v t]mfpw At±-l- nsâ Nn m-k-c-wnbpw hyà-ambpw tbiphnsâ PohnX Ime v Ahn-sS-bn-Ãmbn-cp- p. hmkvx-h- nâ skâ v t]mfnsâ Imew apxâ mwv {InkvXp-aXw tdma³ km{am-py- n p Iogn-epÅ aäp tzi- -fn-epw, {]mirx tkm{x ax-hn-izm-kn-iä n-s-bnepw (t]-k³kv) {]N-cn- -Xv. A m-e v AXmXv tzi- -fnâ \ne-\n- n-cp kwkvim-c- m-epw, CXn-lm-k- - fmepw {InkvXp-aXw ià-ambn kzm[o-\n- -s -Sp-Ibpw AXn-te v 14 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 Nmbp-Ibpw snbvxp. A s\ {InkvXp-a-X nsâ P -PmX ]hn-{x- X-bn \n pw AXv _lp-zqcw AI- p-t]m-bn. sk³dv t]mä Xsâ kz w hi-bm-bpå anìnknkw Iq«n- -eà n-s m v {InkvXp-a-X- nsâ Cu inyn-eo-i-c-w- n\v B w Iq«p- I-bp- m-bn. skâ v t]mä blq-z- \m-bn-cp- n-ã. Xm³ I Hcp ZÀi-\- sam-gn v tbip-hp-ambn t\cn«v bm sxmcp _Ôhpw At±-l n- n-ãmbn-cp p. sshtz-ini kwkvim-c- nsâ ià-amb kzm[o-\- n\v t]mä ap¼p-xs hnt[-b\m-bn- -gn- ªn-cp- p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv At±lw B ZÀi\w ImWp- -Xv. skâ v t]mfn\v c v hgn-i-fm-wp- mbn-cp- -Xv. H v AXn-]p-cm-X\ Imew apxâ v Xs tdma³ km{am- Py- nâ \ne-\n- p-t]m- n-cp AÔhn-izm-k- Ä, an p-iä, CXn-lm-k- Ä F n-h-s -Xnsc ITn-\-ambn kacw sn p-i. AsÃ- nâ Ah-cpsS Bh-iy- Ä pw CÑ-IÄ pw A\pk-cn v {InkvXp-a-Xs cq]m- -c-s - Sp- n-sb-sp- pi. CXm-bn-cp p B c p hgn-iä. {InkvXp-aXw tdmam mcpss CXn-lm-k- -fnâ \n pw an p-i-fnâ \n pw hn`n- -aã F ktµ-i-amwv tdma- mà v t]mä \ÂIn-b-Xv. hfsc em`-i-c-am-bxpw kui-cy-{]-z-hp-amb c m-as hgnbmwv At±lw kzoi-cn- -Xv. hnpm- Xo-b-cpsS temi v hym]-i-ambn \ne-\n- n-cp X z- Ä pw A`nem-j- Ä pw A\p-k-cn v {InkvXpa-Xs At±lw amän-a-dn- p. Cu X{ w \ mbn ^en- p. ]pxnb ax- n-te v [mcmfw t]à ]cn-hà \w snbvxp h p. asämcp hn[- n-em-bn-cp- p-sh- nâ C{X-sb-fp- - nâ Bsf In«n-Ãm-bn-cp- p. ]s F v _en-i-gn- n-«mwv B t\«-ap- m- n-bxv? \nà`m-ky-i-c-sa v ]d-b-s«, DZm- -amb ss{ikvxh aqey- fpw _lp-ssz-h-hn-izm-kn-ifmb {]mir-x-tkm-{x-a-x- fnse an p-i-fp-am-bpå Ahn-ip-²-amb aõ-c- n-em-bn-cp p AXv Iem-in- - Xv. skâ v t]mä _lp-ssz-h-hn-izmkn-i-fmb {]mirx ax- nse sszh- -fpss t]cp-iä amän AXn-\p-]-Icw tbip-hn-s\bpw ]nxm-hmb sszhs bpw, ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-s\bpw {]XnjvTn- p. hmkvx-h- nâ {XnXz- nse an v skâ v t]mä I p-]n- Sn v AXv {InkvXp-a-X- nsâ t]cnâ {]mir-x-a-x-hn-izm-k-tem-i v Ah-Xcn- n- -Xm-bn-cp- n-ã. adn v {XnXz-sa an v _lp-ssz-h-hn-izm-kn-i-fpss {]mir-x-a-x- nâ \n v IS-sa-Sp v {InkvXp-a-X-hp-ambn kwtbm-pn- n- p- I-bmWv At±lw snbvx-xv. A pap-xâ {InkvXp-aXw B ]gb {]mirx _lp-sszh hnizmkw Xs -bm-bn amdn- -gn-ªp. ]t ]pxnb t]cpw ]pxnb apj-`m-hhpw kzoi-cn-s p am{xw. AXp-sIm v {]mirx ax-tem- Is kn²m- - fpw an p-ifpw AÔ-hn-izm-k- fpw amän-sb-sp- m³ t]mfn-b³ {InkvXp-a-X- n\v km[n- n- Ã. adn v, B ax-hn-izm-k- n-\-\p-kcn v {InkvXp-aXw amdp-i-bm-wp- m-b- Xv. ae At±-l- n- -cn-in-te v h n- Ã. ae-bn-te v At±lw Ib-dn-t m- Im³ Xocp-am-\n- p-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. tbip-hnsâ bmymà yw t]mfn-b³ {InkvXp-a-Xtam AXà tbip-hnsâ injy\pw BZna {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS t\xm-hp-am-bn-cp kmxzn-i-\mb bmt m-_nsâ {InkvXp-a-Xtam GXmWv sxc-sª- Sp-t - Xv F Xv XoÀ -bmbpw HcmfpsS hyàn-]-c-amb kzmx-{ y- nâs «-Xm-Wv. F mâ {InkvXp ax- nsâ apjy[mc GI-ssZh hnizm-k- nâ hf-sc-tbsd hnikn p apt m-«p-t]m-bn-«p v F hkvxpx \ap v ChnsS Øm]n-t - -Xp- v. ]nâ m-e v {InkvXp-a-X- nâ Iq-«n-tNÀ -s «tbip-hnsâ sszh-]p-{x-k- -ev]w, {XnXzw, ]mc- ¼cy ]m]-kn-²m- w, ]m]-hn-tam-n- (-tijw 21 mw t]pn )

A`n-apJw PamAsØ Ckveman \S-Ønb AlvaZnøm hncp Iem]w AkvK Aen F n-\o-b {]Xn-I-cn- p p {]ikvx Nn -I-\pw, km-aq-lni {]h Ø-I-\p-amb AkvK Aen F n-\o-b-dp-ambn Fw. F. Imc-t»-cn- \S-Ønb A`n-ap-J-Øn \n v n hàkob I nsb \n Ä F -s\-bmwv Xncn- -dn-bp- Xv? Hcp {]txyi ax-k-ap-zm-b- nse Bfp-Isf am{xw AwK- -fm n cq]w sim-åp-ibpw A\y ax-k-ap-zm-b- Äs -Xnsc shdp v {]N-cn- n- p-ibpw sn p I nbmwv hàko-b-i- n. Cu \nàh-n\w sh v ]d-ªmâ apkvenw eokv ]mxn hàko-b-am-wv, ]mxn hàko-b-aã þ B I n-bnâ apkvenwiä am{x-ta-bp-åq. B \nebv v AXv hàko-b-am-wv. B I n A-apkvenwIÄs -Xnsc shdp v {]N-c-n- n- p- n-ã. B \n-ebv v AXv hàko-baã. n _n.-sp.-]n.-bnâ Aln-µp- -fp- v. At mtgm? Hm... AXv Bsf Ifn- n- m-\m-wv, ImgvN- - - - fmwv. _n.-sp.-]n. lnµp ]mà«n-bm-wv. AXn XÀ -an- Ã. _m-_cn ]Ån XpS n A\-h[n {]iv\- -fn-eqss AhÀ Aln-µp- Äs -Xnsc hàkob {]Nmc the \S- n-bn-«p- v. KpP-dm v \ap v ad- m³ ]än-ã, ]msn-ã. n \n Ä F pw Pam-As Ckveman-bpsS hnaài-i-\m-wv. "CkvemanI cmjv{sw' t]mepå \n - fpss ]pkvx-i- -fnâ Ahsc B{I-an- n-«p- v. AhcpsS atx-xc hntcm[w \n Ä Xpd- p-im-«p-i-bp- mbn. Ct mä AhÀ atx-x-c-xzs ]n p-w-bv p- - Xmbn ImWp- p. AXn-s\- än F mwv A`n-{]mbw? Pam-As Ckveman-sbbpw AXnsâ Øm]I-\mb A_p AAv-em-au-Zq-Zn-sbbpw Rm³ hnaàin- n-«p- v. AXn-sems Rm³ Ct mgpw Dd- p-\nâ p- p. auzqzn atx-x-cxzw, P\m-[n-]Xyw, tzio-bx F o Bi-b- - fpss i{xp-hm-wv. A-t±lw B{K-ln- p "sszhni `cww' a\p-jy-xz-hn-cp-²-am-wv. auzq-zn-bpss "cmjv{sob Ckvemw' apkvenwiä pw AapkvenwIÄ pw Hcpt]mse B]- mwv. kwi-b-an-ã. F nepw Pam-A- nsâ Ct m-gs amäs Rm³ kzmkxw sn p p. n AXv I]-S-th-j-am-sW v NneÀ -`n-{]m-b-ap v. F s\? n AhÀ v ]n pw IqSp-Ibpw ]min-kvxm-\nepw aäpw I -Xp-t]mse Ah-scmcp cmjv{sob I nbmbpw amdp-ibpw snbvxmâ ]gb atx-xc hntcm[w ]pd- p-h-cp-sa- mwv Hcp \nco- -Ww. ]min-kvym-\nâ AhÀ hfsc No A\p-`-h Ä DXv]m-Zn- n- n-«p- v. C y-bnse BÀ.-F-kv.-Fkv. F mtwm AXmWv ]min-kvxm-\nse Pam-As Ckveman. Imivao-cnepw AhÀ lnwk ]pd-s -Sp- n-«p- v. CsXm-s -bm-sw- nepw AhÀ atx-x-c-xzs ]n m- p p F v ]d-bp- -Xns\ \½Ä FXnÀ p- - sx- n-\mwv? PÌnkv XmÀ p-sþbpw Pkvänkv IrjvW- -cp-sams Ah-tcmSp kl-i-cn- n-«p- v. FXnÀt - -t mä FXnÀ mw. tbmpn-t - -t mä tbmpn- p-iqss? n AhÀ CXp-hsc auzq-zn-bpss \ne-]m-sp-isf XÅn- -dªn«nãtãm? icn-x-s. ]d-ªn-«n-ã. Nne {]hr- n-i-fnâ ]t, A s\ ImWp- p- v. B[p-\nI atx-xc hnzym-`ymkw t\sp- -Xn-sâbpw kà mà tpmen kzoi-cn- p- -Xnsâbpw Xnc-sª-Sp- nâ ]s -Sp- p- -Xn-sâbpw ldmw XoÀ p. Pam-A- p-imà Ct mä CsXms sn p- p. CsXms auzqzn hncp² {]hr- n-i-ftã? F nepw Ahsc Icp-Xn-bn-cn- - Ww F \ne-]m-sn-t\msv Rm³ tbmpn- p- p. n PamAs Ckveman, appm-lnzv XpS- nb {]Øm- \- -fpss {]hà \w C m-cy- nâ hã KpWhpw (-tijw 34 mw t]pn ) kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 15

{]Xn-I-cWw ap\o IΩo-j dnt m pw Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpw G.-Fw. apl-½zv kenw Pam-As Ckvemansb Xpd- p-im-«p hniz-{]-kn-²-amb ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«v Gähpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp kà mà tcj-bm-wv. CXpkw_-Ô-ambn \mephàjw ap¼v '{]t_m-[-\-' n-â h Hcp ]cm-aài- n\v 'kxy-zq-x-\n'â h {]Xn-I-cWw ChnsS ]p-\x-{]-kn-²o-i-cn- p- p. {]t_m-[\w hmcn-i-bnâ (2000 sabv 27 e w 48) {io. ]n.-f-êv. {io[- c³ ]nå-bpss Hcp {]kvxm-h\ D²cn- p-sim v ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«ns\ kw_-ôn v Hcp tnmzyhpw AXn\v appo-_nsâ D c-hp-ap- v. PamAs Ckveman- mc\v sr«-ep- m p H mwv ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«v. B dnt mà«nemwv A_p AAvem auzq-zn-bpss Ip{]-kn-²-amb Nne {]kvxm-h-\-i-fp- Å-Xv. t\xmhv ap\oà I½o-j³ ap¼msi ]dª Xncp-sam-gn-IÄ ImcWw KXn-ap-«nb PamA- p-imà, ap\oà I½o-j-t\bpw AXn-s\- än ]d-bp- -h-tcbpw B{I-an- p-i-bmwv ]Xn-hv. ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«v Bsc- nepw D²-cn- mâ Pam-As Ckveman t\xm- - m-cpss ASp tnmzyw '\n Ä B dnt mà«v I n- «pt m? F m-wv. 46 hàjw ap¼v ]min-kvxm-\nse ] m_v kwøm- 16 kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 \ v {]kn-²o-i-cn Hcp timsxn dnt mà«v t\cn«p hmbn- n-«pt m F p tnmzn- mâ AXn\p ap¼nâ hnaài-i- mà howp-t]m-ip-sa- mwv PamA p-imcpss IW- p-iq-«â ap\oà I½-oj³ dnt mà«v ap¼nâ sh p-sim- mwv Cu tej-\-sa-gp-xp- - -Xv. AXpsIm v Cu tej-is\ tcj I n-«pt m F tnmzyw tnmzn v hnc-«-cp-xv. 1953-þ ]min-kvxm\nse ] m_v kwøm-\ v A_p AAvem auzqzn AS- -apå Benw- IÄ tnà v AlvaZn-IÄs -Xnsc cà-cq- n-x-am-sbmcp elf kwl- Sn- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. Cu el-fsb kw_ôn v At\z-jn- m³ 1954-þ ] m_v kà mà ]pd-s -Sp-hn ] m_v BIvSv 11 {]Imcw \ne-hnâ h At\zjW I½o-j-\mWv ap\oà I½o-j³. At\z-jW I½o-jsâ {]kn-u- m-bn-cp p PÌnkv apl-½zv ap\oà. \nb-a-ú-\mb Fw. BÀ. Jbm-\n-bm-bn-cp p At\z-jW I½o-j-\nse sa¼à. ]- m-_nse emtlmà kà mà {]nânwkv {]kv {]kn-²o-i-cn 387 t]pv hcp I½oj³ dnt mà«nsâ BapJ- nâ elfsb kw_-ôn pw I½o-j³ cq]-h-xv -cn- m-\p- mb kml-ncys kw_-ôn pw Imc-W- Ä hni-z-ambn tcj-s -Sp- n-bn-«p- v. 1953 Pqembv H mw Xn Xn Bcw- `n At\z-jWw 117 knänw- p-i-fnâ 92 F hpw sxfn-hp-iä tiä m\pw tcj-s -Sp- m\pw th n-bmbn-cp p. 1953 P\p-hcn 23-\mWv sxfnsh-sp v Ah-km-\n- -Xv. I½o-jsâ hnnm-cw 1953 s^{_p-hcn H p-ap- X 28 hsc Hcp amkw IqSn \o p- \n- p. AXn-\p-tijw 5 BgvN-IÄ sim mwv dnt mà«v Fgp-Xn-bp- m- n-b-xv. 3,60 t]pp-i-fnâ tcj-s -Sp- nb

{]kvxm-h-\-ifpw 27 t]pp-i-fnâ aäpsx-fn-hp-i-fp-amwv. I½o-j³ hnnmcw sn m³ ] m_v Kh saâ v, s{]mhn³jyâ apkvenw eo-kv, apvensk AlvdmÀ, ] m_v apvensk Xl-^v^psk JX-ap- p- _p-æ v \nb-an apvensk AaÂ, Pam-As Ckvem-an, kzvà A pa³ Alva-Zn m d_vh, Alva-Zn m A p-a³ Cim-As Ckvemw emtlmà F o 7 I n-iä mwv I½o-j³ PpUo-jy t\m«okv Ab- -Xv. Cu I ni-sfãmw I½o-jsâ s{]mko-unw-mvkp-ambn kl-i-cn- phm\pw ho -W- fpw A`n-{]m-b- fpw tcjm-aqew Adn-bn- m\pw I½o-j³ \nàt±in- p-i-bp- m-bn. PamAs Ckveman Øm]-I³ A_p AAvem auzqzn At±l nsâ {]kvxm-h-\isfãmw I½oj\v FgpXn \ÂIp-I-bm-Wp- m-bsx v dnt mà«nsâ Bap-J- nâ ]d- ªn-«p- v. AlvaZn m apkvenw Pam-A- nsâ c mw Jeo-^-bm-bn-cp lkvd v anàkm _io-dp-±o³ alv aqzv AlvaZv AS w ]min-kvxm-\nse Xe-sb-Sp- på FÃm BenwIfpw I½o-j\p ap¼msi sxfnhv \evip- -Xn-\mbn lmp-cm-bn. axw, X zim-kv{xw, \oxn-im-kv{xw, sszh- nsâ KpW- Ä, \c-hw-i-im-kv{xw, shfn-]m-sp-iä, hnhn[ `mjy- Ä, {]]- -hn-úm-\o-bw, krjvsn- v, Øe-Im-e- Ä, a\p-jysâ XpS- hpw HSp- -hpw, Pohn-X-e- yw, P\m-[n-]-Xyw, cmjv{s-hn-úm-\obw XpS n kqcy\v Iogn-epÅ kàæ-hnj-b- -tfbpw kv]àin- p ka-{kam-sbmcp tcj-bmwv dnt màs«v ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà «nsâ Bap- J- nâ tcj-s -Sp- n-bn-«p- v. hmkvx-h- nâ ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«v t]mse B[p-\nI Ckv emani ]Þn-X- m-cpss CkvemanI Nn -Isf C{Xbpw kq vahpw ka- {K-hp-ambn A\m-h-cWw snbvx asämcp tcjbpw CkvemanI Ncn-{X- n-ep- m-bn-«n-ã. ]min-kvxm-\nse kam-z-c-wob\pw kp{]ow-tim-sxn PUvPn-bp-am-bncp- BfmWv PÌnkv apl-½zv ap\oà. AlvaZn m Pam-A- p-ambn Hcp _Ô-hp-an-Ãm Pkväokv ap\oà Hcp XnIª \oxn-am-\m-bn-cp- p. AXpsIm- p-x-s -bmwv PÌokv ap\oà Pam-As Ckveman-bpsS I nse Ic-Smbn oà -Xpw. Hcp cmpys Kh sa³dv Hcp el-fsb kw_- Ôn v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn At\z-jn- m³ \ntbm-kn At\z-j-W-I-½ojsâ \nb-a-\-s-]sn {Ia- -fn-eqss cq]w-sim dnt mà«n-s -Xnsc B{Im w simåpibpw PÌnkv ap\oà JmZn-bm\nbmsW v {]N-cn- n- p-i-bpw, dnt mà«ns\ XÅn- -d-bp- Ibpw sn p Pam-As Ckveman- mà kzbw ]cn-lm-ky-cm-bn- o-cp- I-bmWv sn p- Xv. t_mws_ hà ob Iem-]s pdn v At\zjn PÌokv {ioir-jvw³ I½oj³ inh-tk-\-s -Xnsc hncânq- nb-t mä inh-tk\m t\xmhmb _mâxm- sd {ioirjvw I½ojs\ XÅn- -d-ª-xn-t\msv CXns\ D]an mw. ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«v F v tiä p-t¼mä Pam-As Ckveman- m-cpss lmen-f- - n\p ImcWw Ah-cpsS t\xmhv I½ojsâ hnnm-c-w-th-f-bnâ \ÂInb Xncp-sam-gn-IÄ -s -bm-wv. apjw hnir-x-am-b-xn\v I msn XÃn-s m-«n- n-s«v Imcyw? ap\oà I½o-j³ tnmzn Nne tnmzy- fpw auzqzn kmln_v AXn\p \ÂInb D -c- fpw ap\oà I½o-j³ dnt mà«n-ep- v. t]pv 228- þâ tcj-s -Sp- nb Hcp tnmzyhpw D -c-hpw. tnmzyw: \ap v C -c- n-epå Hcp Ckv emani Kh sa³dv ]minkvxm\n-ep- m-hp-i-bmsw nâ AtX {]Imcw Xm Ä lnµp- Ä v Ah-cpsS ax-a-\p-k-cn- på Hcp `c- W-L-S-\-bp- m- m³ A\p-h-Zn- ptam? D cw: ""XoÀ -bmbpw A -c- n-epå Hcp Kh saân\p Iogn C y³ apkvenwisf t¾ñ- m-tcbpw iq{z- m-tcbpw t]mse IW- m- nbm-epw Ah-cpsS Kh sa³dn-epå ] pw, ]uc- mà F \ne- på Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i- -fp-saãmw \ntj-[n- -s -«mepw F\n- -Xn bmsxmcp Bt -]-hp-an-ã. hmkvx-h- nâ A -c-sam-c-hø C y-bnâ \ne-\n-ev p- p- v.'' a\p-hnsâ \nb-a-\p-k-cn v C ymcmpyw `cn- p-sim-å-w-sa pw apkvenwisf iq{z- m-tcbpw t¾ñ- mtcbpw t]mse ssiimcyw snbvxpsim-å-w-sa pw hkzn- v snbvxv C y³ apkvenwisf lnµpxz hmzn- IÄ v Gev]n- p-sim-sp auzqzn kml-n-_nsâ ]mà«n- mà _n.-sp.-]n. t\xmhv {io[-c³]n-åsb Ipäw ]d- ªn-s«p ^ew? s]ä-½- n-ãm Xv t]mänb ap m- n- p- m-hptam? At±lw Pam-As Ckveman-bpsS Øm]-I-t\-Xm-hnsâ AP \S- m- p Hcp lnµp-xz-hmzn am{xw. t\xm-hn-t\msp IqdpÅ {]t_m-[-\w, {io[-c³]n-åsb A`n-\-µn- p-i-btã th -Xv? ap\oà I½o-jsâ ap¼msi t\xmhv samgnª Hcp Xncp-h-N\w C y-bnse {]txy-in v tic-f- nse tzio-b-[m-c-bnâ Aen-ªp-tNÀ Pam-As Ckveman- mà v N nsn- p- m- p- -Xm-Wv. ap\oà I½oj³ dnt mà«nsâ 230-þmw t]pnâ I½ojsâ tnmzyhpw auzqzn kmln- _nsâ adp-]-snbpw tcj-s -Sp- n-b-xn- -s\-bm-wv. tnmzyw: C ybpw ]minkvxm\pw X½n bp²-ap- m-bmâ C y³ apkvenwi-fpss IS-a-sb- mwv? D cw: ""Ah-cpsS ISa hyàam-wv. AhÀ ]min-kvxm-s\-xn-cnâ bp²w sn -cp-xv. ]min-kvxmsâ kpc- sb A]-I-S-s Sp p bmsxm- kxyzqx Pqsse 2004 17