, H 1M ayer G1W eigend

54 3 1999 5 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 54, N o. 3 M ay, 1999 Ξ (, 210008) :,,,, :, 50, H 1M ayer G1W eigend [1, 2 ], M ayer J1Kenyon [3 ], E1T aaffe T aaffe,, [4 ], [5 ], 80, Y1H ayu th, 1970 1988, ( ) [6 ] H ayu th, 90, [7, 8 ],,, T,,,,,, 1 111 Ξ (Suppo rted by N ational P lanning Comm ittee of Ch ina) : 1997212228; : 1998208213

234 54 24, :, ;,, 112 1949 1995 46, 1952 1957 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1995 8 1949, 1949 113, : 1 Ξ (1952 1995 ) Tab11 Gin i coeff ie ien ts for the Changj iang R iver port system, 1952 1995 1952 1957 1965 1970 01289 5 01390 0 01434 0 01475 5 1975 1980 1985 1995 01475 0 01528 0 01404 0 01434 5 Ξ 2 211 G = 015 n i= 1 gx i - y ig (121) n, x i i ; y i i, y i= 1gn G,, ; G = 0,, ( ), 1 46, ( 1), 1952 1995, 01289 5 01434 5, 1952, 24, 100, 10 100, 1992, 1 000, 65% 212,

3 : 235, [9 ], 1950 01516, 1952 01289 5, 46 213 1, 46, 1952 1980,, 01009, 1980, 1980 1985,, 01024 1 1985,, F ig11 T he grow ing p rocess of the spatial structure of Changjiang R iver po rt system 01004, 1995 (1952, 1980, 1995) 1965 1985, 214 80, 1980 1985,,, 80 3 311,,,, [10, 11 ] :,,, ( ),, ( ) ( ) ;,

236 54,,, 312 [12 ],, 1970,, 70,, 80,,,, 1970, 60% 70%,, 313 [13 ] 50 70,,, 1972, 1985 [14 ] 2,, 2 (1980), F ig12 L o renz Curve of techno logical conditions of the Changjiang R iver po rt system (1980) 314,,, [14 ],, 315 1978,, [15 ] 80,,, 14

3 : 237,, ;, 80,, [16 ] 4 411,,, 50 80 (01729) [17 ],,, ;,,,,, 412 1952 1995, 01004,, :,,,,,, 413, [18, 19 ], 41311, T,,,,,,,,

238 54,, ; ; ; 5 000,, 5 000, 10 000, 2 000 5000 41312,,,,, 10,,,, ( ) ( ) ;, 3 500, 4 000, 6 000,, 1 000 3 000 41313,,,,,, 3 9,, 600, 1 000, 2 000, (2000 ) 618%, (2010 ) 517% : ( ), 1995, (2000 ) 618%, (2010 ) 517% : ( ), 1995.

3 : 239 (References) 1 M ayer H M. T he po rt of Ch icago and the Sṫ L aw erence Seaw ay. D epartm ent of Geography research papers N o. 49. Ch icago: U niversity of Chicago, 1957. 2 W eigend G. Som e elem ents in the study of po rt geography. Geog rap h ical R ev iew, 1958, 48 (2) 185 200. 3 Kenyon J. E lem ents in interpo rt competition in the U nited Stateṡ E conom ic Geog rap hy, 1970, 46 (1) 1 24. 4 T aaffe E, M o rrill R, Gould P. T ranspo rt expansion in undeveloped countrieṡ Geog rap h ical R ev iew, 1963, 53 503 529. 5 R imm er P J. T he changing status of N ew Zealand seapo rts, 1853-1960. A nnals of the A ssociation of A m erican Geog rap hers, 1967, 57 (2) 88 100. 6 H ayuth Y. R ationalization and deconcentration of the U. S. container po rt system. P rof essional Geog rap her, 1988, 40 279 288. 7 Chen H ang. 480 487. T he p relim inary study of areal com bination and division of po rt in the Coastline. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1991, 46 (4) ( In Ch inese) [.., 1991, 46 (4) 480 487. ] 8 Chen H ang. O n the fo rm ation and evo lution of sea- po rt regional comp lexeṡ A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1996, 51 (6) 501 507. Ch inese) [.., 1996, 51 (6) 501 507. ] 9 M ayer H M. Geat L akes- O verseas: A n expanding trade route. E conom ic Geog rap hy, 1954, 30 117 143. 10 Kuby M, R eid N. T echno logical change and the concentration of the U. S. general cargo po rt system : 1970-88. E conom ic Geog rap hy, 1992, 68 (3) 272 289. 11 M ayer H M. Current trend in Great L akes sh ipp ing. GeoJ ou ral, 1978, 2 (1) 17 22. 12 L u D adao. R egional D evelopm ent and Spatial Strucure. Beijing: Science P ress, 1995. 190. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1995. 190. ] 13 Edito rial Comm ittee of W aterbo rne T ranspo rtation of Ch ina Today. Ch ina Today: W aterbo rne transpo rtation. Beijing: Ch inese Social Science P ress, 1989. 97. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1989. 97. ] 14 Cao Youhui. T he p relim inary study on the low er Changjiang R iver po rt system in A nhuip rovince. S cientia Geog rap h ica S inica, 1995, 15 (2) 154 162. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1995, 15 (2) 154 162. ] 15 Xu Gang. T he function, pattern and developm ent of the low er Changjiang R iver po rts system in J iangsu p rovince. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1990, 45 (3) 275 283. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1990, 45 (2) 275 283. ] 16 Cao Youhui. A n analysis on the site com bination and spatial structure of the Changjiang R iver po rt system in A nhuip rovince. S cientia Geog rap h ica S inica, 1998, 18 (3) 253 262.., 1998, 18 (3) 253 262. ] 17 L loyd. Po rt of the wo rld. L ondon: L loyds of london p ress, 1987. ( In Ch inese) [. 18 Zhang W enchang et al. O n Spatial T ranspo rt L inkage. Beijing: Ch inese R ailw ay P ress, 1992.., 1992. ] ( In ( In Ch inese) [. 19 J in Fengjun. Experim ent research on spatial transpo rtation linkage in Ch ina. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1991, 43 (3) 16. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1991, 43 (3) 16. ],, 1959 7, 1982 1,

240 54 ON THE SPAT IAL STRUCTURE OF CHANGJ IANG R IVER PORT SY STEM Cao Youhui (D ep artm ent of U rban and R esou rce S ciences, N anj ing U niversity, N anj ing 210008) Key words po rt system, spatial structure, regions along the Changjiang R iver, gini coefficient Abstract It has great sign ificance, bo th theo refically and p ractically, to study the change of the spatial structu re of po rt system. In the W est, Geographers in terested in th is p rob lem have focused on two aspects the competition of hinterlands o r fo relands among po rts and the degree of traffic concen tration in po rt system. Bu t scho lars at dom estic have no t study th is p rob lem from view of change of cargo flow up to now. T he m ain pu rpo se of th is paper is to study the dynam ic features, fo rm ation causes and change tendencies of the spatial structure of the Changjiang R iver po rt system. Based on annual cargo throughout of 24 p rincipal po rts on the Changjing R iver from 1952 to 1995, autho r calculates Gini coefficients of the po rt system in eight base years. Gini coeffient in 1952 as only 0. 209 5 that w as rather low, then there appeared an steady tendency to rise. In 1980, Gini coefficient reached its m axim um w hich w as 0. 528 0. But an evident drop took p lace at the early of 1980 s. A cco rding to above calculating results, autho r ho lds that there are four dynam ic features of spatial structure of the po rt system, (1) T he spatial structure of the po rt system has becom e mo re concentration from 1952 to 1995 by and large; (2) It is based on m uch deconcen trated po rt distribu tion s that the spatial structu re tends concen tration; ( 3) T here is obviou s difference fo r the change of spatial stractu re in 4 phases; ( 4 ) A n eviden t deconcentration p rocess took p lace at the early of 1980 s. A system atic analysis has been carried out on the fo rm ation causes of the change of the spatial structure of Changjiang R iver po rt system. T he paper ho lds that the fo llow ing facto rs have p rofound imp lications on its evo lution: econom ies of scale, uneven econom ic developm ent along the Changjiang R iver, the change of the p ro t system s techno logical condition s, the developm ent of transpo rt network, and the transfo rm ation of the nation s econom ic po licies. Compared w ith som e po rt system s in the W est, the Changjiang R iver po rt system is still in the p rim ary from ation stage. T he p resen t spatial state of the po rt system is unfavou rab le to elabo ration of the w ho le benefit itself. In the autho r s op inion, from now on the basic trend w ill be continued tow ard the concentration in the spatial structure but the develop ing velocity w ill be slow ed dow n. N anjing, W uhan and Chongqing w ill grow faster than the o ther po rts.