Migration and Urban Decay Asian Experiences Shekhar Mukherji RAWAT PUBLICATIONS Jaipur New Delhi Bangalore Mumbai
Contents Preface List of Tables List of Figures ix xv xix Introduction 1 Very Crucial Urban Crisis and Human Problems in 1 ESCAP Region Four Objectives of the Study 13 Organization of the Study 15 The Three Main Phenomena 17 The Need for a Spatial Perspective 17 The Phenomenon of Poverty-induced Migration 17 The Phenomenon of Urban Involution 18 The Phenomenon of Polarized Capital Accumulation 19 Migration, Urban Economic Structure, and 21 Polarized Investment in India Acceleration of Urban Inequality in India (1901-91) 21 Suburban Explosion Around Four Largest Metropolises 21 Urban Spatial Polarization 24 Problems of Distressed Migration and Weak Economic Structure 27 of Indian Cities India's Urban Future 41
viii Contents Migration and Urbanization Situation in Indian Mega 43 Cities: Mumbai and Kolkata Migration Situation in Mumbai 44 Spatial Strategies Taken in Mumbai 71 Extreme Housing Problems in Mumbai 73 Conclusion 75 Migration Situation in Kolkata 81 Spatial Strategies Taken in Kolkata 104 Acute Housing Shortages in Kolkata 107 Conclusion 108 Migration and Urbanization in New Delhi and Chennai 111 Urban Situation in New Delhi 111 Migration Situation in New Delhi 112 Spatial Strategies Taken in New Delhi 134 Housing Situation in New Delhi 138 Conclusion 139 Urban Situation in Chennai 141 Migration Situation in Chennai 142 Spatial Strategies Followed 165 Acute Housing Shortages 167 Conclusion 168 Poverty-Induced Migration and Urban Involution in 171 Other ESCAP Countries Dhaka, Bangladesh 171 Bangkok, Thailand 175 Jakarta, Indonesia 177 Metro Manila, The Philippines 178 Seoul, South Korea 179 Shanghai, China 181 Informal Sector 182 Summary 184 Highlights of Acute Urban Crisis in ESCAP Region 185 Spatial-Socio-Economic-Political Processes Underlying 191 Migration and Urbanization Process of Under-development and Spatial Disorganization 198
Contents /x Under-development Continued in the Post-Independence Period 203 Globalization and Migration of the Poor 206 9 Spatial Strategies and Other Policies of Mega Cities of Asia 209 Bangkok 209 Jakarta 216 Metro Manila 222 Seoul 229 Shanghai 237 10 Migration and Urbanization in Japan: Urban and 242 Regional Planning Lessons from Japan Crucial Urban Crisis in Asian Mega Cities 242 Trends of Migration and Urbanization in Japan 245 Current Problems of Migration and Urbanization in Japan 253 Salient Aspects of Urban and Regional Planning in Japan 254 Metropolitan Planning of Tokyo 270 Urban and Regional Planning Lessons from Japan 295 Other Specific Development Examples 300 Limitations and Problems of Japanese Metropolitan Development 305 Some Concluding Remarks 308 11 Search for Alternative Development Perspective 310 Current Perspective and Models of Urban and 311 Regional Development 12 Policy Alternatives and Strategies 315 The Need for More Effective Rural and Regional Development 317 Development of Small Towns and Intermediate Cities 317 Massive Employment Generation 317 Eliminate Urban Poverty 318 More Humanistic Urban Planning and Housing for Urban Poor 319 and Slum Dwellers Efficient Metropolitan Management 319 Eliminate Rural Poverty 320 Top Priority Must be given to Eliminate Rural Poverty 322 Irrigation Development 323 Agricultural and Rural Development 323 Rural Industrialization and Economic Value-enhancing Process 324
Contents To Change Unequal Rural-Urban Linkages and Relations 325 Banking and Generating Capital for Rural Regeneration 327 Spatial Restructuring 327 Evening-Out Spatial and Socio-economic Disparities 328 Integration of Industry and Agriculture 328 Focus Upon Neglected Regions and Enhance their Potentials 329 Fostering Inter-Regional Developmental Bonds 329 References 331 Name Index 353 Subject Index 357