TMT Site Selection Survey: Instruments, Methods and Operations

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1 TMT Site Selection Survey: Instruments, Methods and Operations Reed Riddle Matthias Schöck, Sebastian Els, Warren Skidmore, Tony Travouillon, Robert Blum, Edison Bustos, Paul Gillett, Brooke Gregory, Jerry Nelson, Angel Otárola, Juan Seguel, Joselino Vasquez, Konstantinos Vogiatzis, David Walker, Lianqi Wang Optical Turbulence: Astronomy meets Meteorology Alghero, Sardegna (Italy), September 15, 2008

2 TMT Site Testing We started by considering all potentially interesting sites, anywhere in the world Pre-selection of five candidate sites based on satellite studies of cloud cover and precipitable water vapor and on previously existing information: ; GSMT, CELT and VLOT phase On-site testing with identical equipment: since April 2003 Strong emphasis on calibration of instrumentation to ensure data quality and comparability of results Final (TMT internal) site testing report and review in April

3 TMT Candidate Sites Armazones (3064m) Northern Chile Tolonchar (4480m) Northern Chile Tolar (2290m) Northern Chile 13 North Site San Pedro Mártir (2830m) Baja California, Mexico Mauna Kea 13 N (4050m), Hawaii Reed Riddle, TMT Site Selection Keck Observatory July 31,

4 Site Testing System 4

5 Site Testing System Halfmann Telescope MASS/DIMM IRMA All sky camera Weather station Webcam Sonic anemometer Dust sensor Solar power system SODARs Reed Riddle, TMT Site Selection Survey Computer cabinet TCS electronics 4 Astronomy meets Meteorology September 15, 2008

6 Setup at Armazones 30 m tower MASS/DIMM telescope On 6.5 m tower Sonic anemometers and Temperature sensors All-sky camera Weather station IRMA Solar panels SODAR (SFAS) Reed Riddle, TMT Site Selection Keck Observatory July 31, 2008

7 Site Testing Instruments MASS turbulence profiles, seeing above 500m, isoplanatic angle, t0 DIMM seeing above 7m SODAR turbulence, wind profiles from ground to 800m Weather Station wind speed & direction, humidity, temperature, rain detection, barometric pressure, solar & net radiation, ground heat flux IRMA water vapor Dust Sensor dust particle count at 0.3µ, 0.5µ, 1.0µ, 2.0µ, 5.0µ Sonic Anemometer turbulence, temperature, wind speed & direction at 7m ASCA cloud detection, light pollution 30 meter Tower sonic anemometers, temperature sensors at 11m, 20m, 30m direct measurement of ground layer to 30m Support equipment robotic telescope, solar power system, webcams, network connection 6

8 System Architecture USB Ethernet Serial NFS TCS NPS TCS Computer Halfmann Telescope Tower Sonic 3 Samba Firewire Tower Sonic 2 DIMM CCD DIMM Computer Cube Tower Sonic 1 Webcam 1 NPS 1 UPS Instrument Computer Webcam 2 NPS 1 Webcam 3 Supervisor Computer MASS Webcam 4 NPS 2 Weather station SODAR Computer Firewire Drive Instrument Computer IRMA XFAS SFAS All Sky CCD All Sky CCD Computer Dust sensor Sonic anemometer 7

9 Site Testing Computer System Impractical for manual monitoring, control of site at all times Manpower 24/7/365 operations Custom software suite Robotic & instrument software created in house System integration If one robotic system is challenging, six could be a nightmare! Standardization is key: all sites must operate the same way Hardware, software installation Data quality Reproducibility of results Fault diagnosis Central servers Data archiving (1GB data per site per night!), database of all raw data Site monitoring System works without human intervention most of the time 8

10 Monitoring the Sites 9

11 Monitoring the Sites Home Status Webcam ASCA Observations SC Files Thirty Meter Telescope Site Survey Group T3 : Status Report Robotic system status summary Telescope NREF Weather Pointing Computers Disks NPS NTP Webcam DIMM MASS Dust Sensor Sonic Voltage ASCA SODAR IRMA Tower Telescope status Update Time TCS Time Evening Twilight Morning Twilight :50: :50: :51: :41:00 Cabinet Power State 1.0 Cabinet Referenced 1.0 Axis Power State Referenced Limit State Current Position Target Position Offset Speed Altitude OFF 67:34:20 67:34:20-0:00:56 0:00:00 Azimuth OFF 137:43:47 137:43:48 0:08:53 0:00:27 Dome ON Open Open Focus OFF Pointing and Tracking Information NREF Not Present Star Alp Gru Tracking Mode 3 Ops Mode Robotic RA 22:08:13 Dec -46:57:39 Distance 0.00 Operation M - Run MASS :50:11 Current LST 21:43:09 Slew Time

12 Monitoring the Sites Site Time (UT) Temp C Humid % Precip % Dew C Weather reports Home Wind Spd Wind Dir Status km/h degrees T :50: Webcam Press hpa Solar Rad W/m 2 Heat Flow W/m 2 Thirty Meter Telescope Site Survey Group T3 : Status Report Temperature and Pressure ASCA Humidity, Precipitation and Battery Air temperature: + Ground temperature: + Humidity: + Battery voltage: + Observations Robotic system status summary Barometric pressure: + Dew temperature: + Humidity limit (85%): Precipitation: + Telescope NREF Weather Pointing Computers Disks NPS NTP Webcam SC Files DIMM MASS Dust Sensor Sonic Voltage ASCA SODAR IRMA Tower Net Rad W/m 2 Soil T C Batt V Telescope status Update Time TCS Time Evening Twilight Morning Twilight :50: :50: :51: :41:00 Cabinet Power State 1.0 Cabinet Referenced 1.0 Heat Flow: + Net Radiation: + Solar Radiation Solar radiation: + Axis Power State Referenced Limit State Current Position Target Position Offset Speed Altitude Wind Speed and 1.0 Direction 1.0 OFF 67:34:20 67:34:20-0:00:56 0:00:00 Wind Speed: + Wind Direction: + Wind Speed Limit Azimuth (40 km/h): OFF 137:43:47 137:43:48 0:08:53 0:00:27 Dome ON Open Open Focus OFF Pointing and Tracking Information NREF Not Present Star Alp Gru Tracking Mode 3 Ops Mode Robotic RA 22:08:13 Dec -46:57:39 Distance 0.00 Operation M - Run MASS :50:11 Current LST 21:43:09 Slew Time

13 Robotic system status summary Telescope NREF Weather Pointing Computers Disks NPS NTP Webcam DIMM MASS Dust Sensor Sonic Voltage ASCA SODAR IRMA Tower Telescope status Update Time TCS Time Evening Twilight Morning Twilight :50: :50: :51: :41:00 Cabinet Power State 1.0 Cabinet Referenced 1.0 Axis Power State Referenced Limit State Current Position Target Position Offset Speed Altitude OFF 67:34:20 67:34:20-0:00:56 0:00:00 Azimuth OFF 137:43:47 137:43:48 0:08:53 0:00:27 Dome ON Open Open Focus OFF Monitoring the Sites Solar Radiation Heat Flow: + Net Radiation: + Solar radiation: + Wind Speed and Direction Wind Speed: + Wind Speed Limit (40 km/h): Wind Direction: + Pointing and Tracking Information NREF Not Present Star Alp Gru Tracking Mode 3 Ops Mode Robotic RA 22:08:13 Dec -46:57:39 Distance 0.00 Computer and cabinet hardware status Site Operation Time (UT) Weather reports Home Wind Spd Wind Dir Status km/h degrees T :50: Webcam Thirty Meter Telescope Site Survey Group T3 : Status Report Temperature and Pressure ASCA Humidity, Precipitation and Battery Network time protocol synchronization status Air temperature: + Ground temperature: + Humidity: + Battery voltage: + Observations Robotic system SC status *batgirl.tmt.org summary DC No connection! Tele * Cube Not installed Instrument Not installed Barometric pressure: + Dew temperature: + Humidity limit (85%): Precipitation: + Telescope NREF Weather Pointing ASCAComputers Not installed Disks SODAR NPSNot installed NTP IRMA Webcam Not installed Tower Not installed SC Files DIMM MASS Dust Sensor Sonic Voltage ASCA SODAR IRMA Network power Tower switch status Heat Flow: + Net Radiation: + M - Run MASS :50:11 Temp C Humid % Solar Radiation Precip % Dew C Solar radiation: + Current LST 21:43:09 Slew Time 0.01 Press hpa Computer and cabinet hardware status Network connection status Solar Rad W/m 2 NPS 1 NPS 2 Tower NPS Telescope status 1 Router ON 1 Tower ON 1 Tower_computer ON Update Time TCS Time 2 Evening Twilight Sonic_anemometer ON Morning Twilight 2 Dust_sensor ON 2 Network_switch ON :50: :50: :51:00 SC ON :41:00 3 ASCA ON 3 EMPTY ON Cabinet Power State Firewire_drive Cabinet Referenced ON IRMA OFF 4 EMPTY ON Axis Power State Referenced Limit State 5 Current Instrument_compu Position Target Position ON 5 Offset Power_strip Speed ON 5 Sonic_power ON Altitude Wind Speed and 1.0 Direction 1.0 OFF 6 67:34:20DC 67:34:20 ON 6-0:00:56 SODAR_computer 0:00:00 ON 6 EMPTY ON Wind Speed: + Wind Direction: + Azimuth OFF 7 137:43:47CCD 137:43:48 ON 7 0:08:53 XFAS 0:00:27 ON 7 EMPTY ON Wind Speed Limit (40 km/h): Dome ON 8 Open MASS Open ON SFAS ON 8 Power_strip ON Focus OFF TCS NPS Pointing and Tracking Information Computer hard disk status NREF Not Present Star Alp Gru Tracking Mode 3 Avail Used Avail Used Item Disk Item Disk Ops Mode Robotic RA 22:08:13 Dec (GB) -46:57:39(%) Distance 0.00(GB) (%) Operation Heat Flow W/m 2 Net Rad W/m 2 Soil T C M - Run MASS :50:11 Batt V Router Good NPS 1 Good NPS 2 Good TCS NPS Good SC Good DC Good Tele Good Cube Not installed IC Good ASCA computer Good IRMA computer Not installed SODAR computer Good Webcam 1 Good Webcam 2 Good Webcam 3 Good Webcam 4 Not installed Tower computer Good Tower NPS Good 1 TCS_power ON / /cygdrive/c /cygdrive/c Current SCLST 21:43:09 DC Slew Time 0.01 SODAR /net/data /cygdrive/e /cygdrive/e IC Network connection status / 33 3 / 68 2 /home ASCA /net Tower /net /home/data /net/data /net/data Tele / IRMA Not installed Item Disk Avail (GB) Used (%) 10

14 Robotic system status summary / /cygdrive/c /cygdrive/c Telescope NREF Weather Pointing ComputersSC Disks NPS NTP DC Webcam SODAR /net/data /cygdrive/e /cygdrive/e DIMM MASS Dust Sensor Sonic Voltage ASCA SODAR IRMA Tower / 33 3 / 68 2 /home ASCA IC /net Tower /net /home/data Telescope status /net/data /net/data Update Time TCS Time Evening Twilight Tele / 32 Morning Twilight 14 IRMA Not installed :50: :50: :51: :41:00 Heat Flow: + Net Radiation: + Solar radiation: + Cabinet Power State 1.0 Cabinet Referenced 1.0 DIMM Measurements Weather reports Home Wind Spd Wind Dir Status km/h degrees T :50: Webcam Monitoring the Sites Solar Radiation Axis Power State Referenced Limit State Current Position Target Seeing Position Offset Strehl Speed Flux Scintillation Update time Airmass arcsec Altitude OFF 67:34:20 67:34:20 Aperture -0:00:56 1 Aperture 0:00:00 2 Aperture 1 Aperture 2 Background Aperture 1 Aperture 2 Azimuth OFF 137:43: :48:43 137:43: :08: :00: Site Dome ON Open Open MASS Measurements Thirty Meter Telescope Site Survey Group T3 : Status Report Temperature and Pressure ASCA Humidity, Precipitation and Battery Network time protocol synchronization status Air temperature: + Ground temperature: + Humidity: + Battery voltage: + Observations Robotic system SC status *batgirl.tmt.org summary Barometric pressure: + Dew temperature: + Humidity limit (85%): Precipitation: + DC No connection! Tele * Cube Not installed Instrument Not installed Telescope NREF Weather Pointing ASCAComputers Not installed Disks SODAR NPSNot installed NTP IRMA Webcam Not installed Tower Not installed SC Files DIMM MASS Dust Sensor Sonic Voltage ASCA SODAR IRMA Network power Tower Flux and airmass plot Isoplanatic angle and scintillation plot switch status Aperture 1: + Background (x100): + DIMM Isoplanatic Angle: NPS + 1 DIMM scintillation, aperture 1: NPS x 2 Tower NPS Aperture 2: + Airmass:. Telescope MASS Isoplanatic status Angle: + 1 Router DIMM scintillation, aperture 2: x ON 1 Tower ON 1 Tower_computer ON Update Time TCS Time 2 Evening Twilight Sonic_anemometer ON Morning Twilight 2 Dust_sensor ON 2 Network_switch ON :50: :50: :51:00 SC ON :41:00 3 ASCA ON 3 EMPTY ON Cabinet Power State Firewire_drive Cabinet Referenced ON IRMA OFF 4 EMPTY ON Axis Power State Referenced Limit State 5 Current Instrument_compu Position Target Position ON 5 Offset Power_strip Speed ON 5 Sonic_power ON Altitude Wind Speed and 1.0 Direction 1.0 OFF 6 67:34:20DC 67:34:20 ON 6-0:00:56 SODAR_computer 0:00:00 ON 6 EMPTY ON Wind Speed: + Wind Direction: + Azimuth OFF 7 137:43:47CCD 137:43:48 ON 7 0:08:53 XFAS 0:00:27 ON 7 EMPTY ON Wind Speed Limit (40 km/h): Dome ON 8 Open MASS Open ON SFAS ON 8 Power_strip ON Focus OFF TCS NPS TCS_power ON MASS profile plot Pointing and Tracking Information 2 km: ---- Computer 8 km: ---- hard disk status NREF Not Present 4 km: Star ---- Alp Gru Tracking 16 Mode km: Avail Used Avail Item Disk Item Disk Ops Mode Robotic RA 22:08:13 Dec (GB) -46:57:39(%) Distance 0.00(GB) Operation M - Run MASS :50:11 SC Good DC Good Tele Good Cube Not installed IC Good ASCA computer Good IRMA computer Not installed SODAR computer Good Webcam 1 Good Webcam 2 Good Webcam 3 Good Webcam 4 Not installed Tower computer Good Tower NPS Good / /cygdrive/c /cygdrive/c Current SCLST 21:43:09 DC Slew Time 0.01 SODAR /net/data /cygdrive/e /cygdrive/e IC / 33 3 / 68 2 /home ASCA /net Tower /net /home/data Used (%) /net/data /net/data Tele / IRMA Not installed Wind Speed and Direction Wind Speed: + Wind Speed Limit (40 km/h): Focus OFF Seeing C n Profiles Update time arcsec Pointing and Tracking Information :47: e e e e e e-14 NREF Not Present Star Alp Gru Tracking Mode 3 Ops Mode Robotic RA 22:08:13 Dec -46:57:39 MASS and DIMM Distance seeing plot 0.00 Strehl ratio and focus plotcomputer and cabinet hardware status DIMM: + MASS: + Strehl, aperture 1: + Focus: x M - Run MASS Operation Current LST 21:43:09 Slew Time 0.01 Strehl, aperture 2: + Best Network focus (): ---- connection status :50:11 Router Good NPS 1 Good NPS 2 Good TCS NPS Good Time (UT) Heat Flow: + Net Radiation: + Temp C Humid % Solar Radiation Precip % Dew C Solar radiation: + Press hpa Computer and cabinet hardware status Network connection status 0.5 km: km: ---- Solar Rad W/m 2 Heat Flow W/m 2 Net Rad W/m 2 Soil T C Batt V Item Disk Wind Direction: + Avail (GB) Used (%) Solar panel system voltage 10 Update time :50:06 Voltage (V) Solar Radiation (W/m 2 ) 19.3

15 Site Testing Deployment Schedule Weather station DIMM MASS SODAR ASCA Sonic Dust 30m Tower IRMA Decomissioned Tolar Armazones Tolonchar San Pedro Martir Mauna Kea 13N April 2003 July 2003 November 2005 October 2004 June 2005 October 2003 November 2004 November 2005 October 2004 June 2005 January 2004 November 2004 January 2006 October 2004 July March 2005 February 2006 March 2006 October 2005 October 2005 October 2005 November 2005 July 2005 June 2006 February 2006 February 2006 March 2006 May 2006 November 2005 February 2006 February 2006 March 2006 May 2006 November September 2006 March 2007 December January 2007 March February 2007 March 2007 October 2008* August 2008 June

Proposed Site Characterization Studies on Cerro Armazones Extended site characterization program on Cerro Armazones Two additional stations Upwind station 154m North Complete station Downwind station

16 Proposed Site Characterization Studies on Cerro Armazones Extended site characterization program on Cerro Armazones Two additional stations Upwind station 154m North Complete station Downwind station 138m South Tower installation only Complete revision of site testing system Upwind station Current site testing station Verification of CFD models Examination of differences in ground layer at different points Downwind station 12

17 Thank you! 13

18 Thank you! 13

19 Acknowledgements The TMT Project gratefully acknowledges the support of the TMT partner institutions. They are the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy (ACURA), the California Institute of Technology and the University of California. This work was supported as well by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, the National Research Council of Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) and the U.S. National Science Foundation. 14

Lessons learned from the TMT site testing campaign

Lessons learned from the TMT site testing campaign T. Travouillon* a, S.G. Els b, R.L. Riddle c, M. Schöck a, A.W. Skidmore a, a TMT Observatory Corporation, 2632 E. Washington Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107,