May 16, 2009 (Part II) - A Mesoscale and Radar Perspective of the Tornadic Supercells. Michael L. Jurewicz, Sr. WFO BGM
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1 May 16, 2009 (Part II) - A Mesoscale and Radar Perspective of the Tornadic Supercells Michael L. Jurewicz, Sr. WFO BGM
2 Mesoscale
3 Boundary Assistance A pre-frontal trough formed across Western NY / PA early in the afternoon
4 Boundary Assistance (Continued) As this trough sharpened up, the low-level flow backed, with helicity and convergence enhanced over time
5 KBGM VAD Wind Profile Low-level flow backing with time
6 0 to 1 km Shear and Helicity
7 Storm-scale
8 Chemung / Tioga Supercell
9 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Just before SVR was Issued (2033 UTC)
10 4-Panel Reflectivity at 2033 UTC Possible BWER
11 4-Panel SRM at 2033 UTC
12 4-Panel Velocity at 2033 UTC
13 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Just before TOR was Issued (2050 UTC)
14 4-Panel SRM at 2050 UTC * On the border of a Minimal and Moderate Mesocyclone; VR shear of 31 kt, at a range of 26 nm * Stronger rotation at 3.4 degrees, but at an altitude of almost 10,000 feet AGL Range Folding was problematic
15 4-Panel Reflectivity at 2050 UTC Persistent Hook Echoes in the lowest 2 tilts
16 4-Panel Velocity at 2050 UTC Strong inbounds; possible Rear-flank (RFD) development
17 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Near time of Tornado touchdown (2059 UTC)
18 4-Panel Reflectivity at 2059 UTC
19 4-Panel SRM at 2059 UTC * Still on the border of a Minimal and Moderate Mesocyclone; VR shear of 33 kt, at a range of 22 nm Range Folding still an issue
20 Chemung/Tioga Damage Photos
21 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Just before next SVR was issued (2124 UTC) Complex had appeared to acquire linear characteristics by this time
22 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Near time of reported wind damage (2141 UTC) Nice bowing segment; good Rearinflow jet (RIJ) formation
23 4-Panel Velocity at 2141 UTC Strong inbounds; near ground level
24 Cortland / Madison County Supercell
25 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Just before a SVR was Issued (2004 UTC)
26 4-Panel Reflectivity at 2004 UTC Developing strong inflow notch
27 4-Panel Velocity at 2004 UTC Developing rotational couplet; still inflow dominant
28 KBGM 0.5 Reflectivity, Just before TOR was Issued (2012 UTC)
29 4-Panel Reflectivity at 2012 UTC Strong inflow notches remain in the lowest 2 tilts
30 4-Panel SRM at 2012 UTC * Rotational velocity value of 34 kt observed at 0.5 degrees, with a diameter of 1.7 nm, and a range of 31 nm * This value is on the border of a Minimal and Moderate Mesocyclone Rotational velocity continued to strengthen, especially in the lowest tilts * This was before a brief EF0 touchdown, near the border of Cortland and Madison counties
31 KBGM Reflectivity, Near the time of an EF2 touchdown in Georgetown, NY (2033 UTC) Strong inflow notch, and an appendage to the southwest
32 4-Panel SRM at 2033 UTC * Rotational velocity of 43 kt observed at 0.5 degrees, at a diameter of 2.5 nm, with a range of 37 nm * This was on the border of a Moderate and Strong Mesocyclone Well formed, mature mesocyclone in the lowest tilts
33 EF2 Damage Photos
34 A Closer Inspection of the Storm-Relative Motion Data
35 KBGM 0.5 SRM at 2004 UTC Southern couplet; possibly associated with Rear-flank downdraft (RFD) Northern couplet; possibly associated with Forward-flank downdraft (FFD)
36 KBGM 0.5 SRM at 2016 UTC RFD couplet; brief EF0 spin-up likely associated with this feature
37 KBGM 0.5 SRM at 2025 UTC Leading edge of RFD; beginning to wrap towards center of vortex
38 KBGM 0.5 SRM at 2029 UTC Leading edge of RFD continues to rotate cyclonically
39 KBGM 0.5 SRM at 2033 UTC As RFD wraps into the middle of the mesocyclone, it intensifies, and an EF2 tornado forms near this time
40 KBGM SRM at 2042 UTC By this time, vortex had weakened, as the RFD airstream effectively choked off the system
41 Zoomed-In KBGM SRM Loop
42 EF2 Damage Path Main EF2 damage swath Narrow valley may have enhanced SSE storm inflow
43 Summary Two long-lived, tornadic supercells developed on this day One near the NY/PA border, and one across northern Cortland/southern Madison counties Chemung/Tioga Proximity of pre-frontal trough likely helped focus convergence and also increased low-level shear Cortland/Madison cell Storm scale occlusion processes (RFD wrapping into the main vortex) may have helped spawn EF2 tornado
44 Summary (continued) Lesson learned: switching to VCP212 sooner probably would have mitigated range folding issues with the Chemung/Tioga storm
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