Possible Abnormal Phenomenon of the Atmospheric Water Vapor before Hengchun Earthquake
|
|
- Leonard Kelley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, Possible Abnormal Phenomenon of the Atmospheric Water Vapor before Hengchun Earthquake Yuntao Ma 1, 3, Yiyang Zhao 1, Shanjun Liu 1, and Lixin Wu 1, 2 1 Institute for Geoinformatics & Digital Mine Research, Northeastern University Shenyang , China 2 Academe of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University Beijing , China 3 School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang , China Abstract Earthquake is the major natural disaster that human beings are facing. The complexity of the earthquake pregnancy remains the earthquake prediction an unresolved problem. Low density of observation stations and small coverage of observation do not provide the necessary information for earthquake predictions. But satellite space monitoring techniques, which have such advantages as wide coverage, rich information, dynamic and high resolution, can provide more comprehensive seismic precursor information. There have been many studies and achievements on satellite thermal infrared, cloud, geoelectricity, gravity and magnetism abnormities before earthquakes, yet there has been little concern about the atmospheric water vapor abnormity during earthquakes. In this paper we analyzed the atmospheric water vapor anomaly during Hengchun earthquake by use of the MODIS satellite data. The study results indicated that there was possible water vapor anomaly to appear during Hengchun earthquake, but further studies are still needed to conduct. 1. INTRODUCTION With the use of satellite remote sensing technology in earthquake prediction, there have been a lot of explorations and researches carried on by many scholars on satellite thermal infrared anomalies before and after earthquakes and a variety of thermal anomaly extraction methods put forward [1 10]. For example, in the case of Hengchun earthquake on December 26, 2006 in Taiwan, Shanjun Liu analyzed thermal infrared satellite data from FY-2C and found there were thermal anomalies over the oceans around epicenter before and after the earthquake [12]. C. Filizzola proposed a robust approach for estimator of thermal infrared radiance anomalies [13]. However, there have been relatively few studies in the atmospheric water vapor anomalies before and after earthquakes. S. Dey analyzed the water vapor of the Gujarat earthquake, found that water vapor over the epicentral region increased just before the earthquake whereas over the ocean, water vapor increased after the earthquake [14]. Lihua Cui analyzed atmospheric water vapor of the Wenchuan earthquake and found that water vapor along the faults increased 11 days before the earthquake [15]. In this paper, We carried out analysis of the atmospheric water vapor, and found that the possible negative anomalies of atmospheric water vapor appeared surrounding the epicenter before and after Hengchun earthquake. 2. DATA AND PROCESSING China Taiwan Region is located in rendezvous site of Philippine Sea Plate, The South China Sea plate and the Eurasian Plate. Special and complex tectonic stress environment leads Taiwan to be the Multi-earthquake region in China. There have been some moderately strong even violent earthquakes annually. The Hengchun earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred at 20:26 (12:26 UTC) on December 26, 2006 was the main shock. The epicenter was located at E and 21.9 N. After the main shock, there were continuous aftershocks occurred four times in 14 hours (respectively, Ms 6.7 at 20:34 (12:34 UTC), Ms 5.0 at 23:41 (15:41 UTC), Ms 5.0 at 01:35 (17:35 UTC) and Ms 5.3 at 10:30 (2:30 UTC) in the next day) MODIS Data Range The data of the earthquake were the TERRA/MODIS image data downloaded from GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER ( The data which we used were surface reflectance of 19th band, atmospheric window of 2nd band and the thermal radiation
2 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, intensity of 31st band. The data set was in resolution of 1 km 1 km. Data range: {Date Range: [ , ], [ , ], [ , ], [ , ]; time range: [01:00,04:25]; latitude and longitude range: 12 N 30 N, 112 E 130 E.} 2.2. Retrieval of Atmospheric Water Vapor Content and Brightness Temperature Atmospheric water vapor content is the quality of all water vapor on per unit area, the height on per unit area can be understood as an extension of up to infinite, unit is g cm 2. The atmospheric water vapor was produced by two channels of MODIS, 2nd and 19th bands. The retrieval of brightness temperature played two main roles, one was to generate the ocean surface brightness temperature map to view the thermal distribution and the other was to judge the distribution of clouds over the ocean. In the retrieval of water vapor, we also made a judgment if the pixels were interfered by clouds; the retrieval results assigned zero value directly. Brightness temperature was calculated by 31st band of MODIS data Processing The atmospheric water vapor content in a region is closely related with the speed of evaporation and the speed of evaporation under the stable conditions of water supply is mainly due to the temperature. Then the temperature in a large region is affected by the topography, the feature type, solar radiation, weather, seasonal changes and many non-shock factors while the temperature of a small area may also be subject to some external influence, such as human activities, construction activities and etc. So is the atmospheric water vapor content. We used statistical method of a large area as background datum to determine whether there was a water vapor anomaly in a small area during the earthquake (small area lies in large area). Statistical method of a large area as background datum referred to the paper Pre-earthquake Thermal Infrared Anomaly Recognition Method and Quantitative Analysis Model written by Dr. Jinping Li [11]. We conducted a change to the method of that paper in which the anomaly recognition and quantitative extraction method as a unit based on the pixel has become the anomaly recognition method as a unit based on the region. The procedures are as following: 1) Suppose the mean water vapor content in a small area can be expressed as the following formula: W = W r + W (1) where W and W r represent the mean water vapor content in a small area and a large area respectively, W is the value of changes in water vapor affected by the external force in a small area. 2) The mean ( W ) and the standard deviation (σ ( W )) of the variation of water vapor in a small region (the same period of the previous three years) are calculated so as to get the background trend of a small area. n W i i=1 W = (2) n n ( Wi W ) 2 i=1 σ ( W ) = (3) n 1 3) The daily anomaly index of a small area can be calculated as: W I i = W i W σ ( W ) (4) 4) If W I i > 1.5, the small area is considered to be an anomaly area. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We extracted the atmospheric water vapor content and the brightness temperature from MODIS data set that we choose. The atmospheric water vapor data and the brightness temperature data were converted into the color maps by the density slice. Some atmospheric water vapor data were excluded because of the influence of the cloud. By visual interpretation of the color maps, we found that the water vapor content was at about 2.0 g cm 2 surrounding epicenter at the same period of
3 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, /08/ /17/ /24/ /27/ /03/ /08/ /15/ /17/ /26/ /27/ /28/ /04/2007 Figure 1: The maps of atmospheric water vapor in the South China Sea. White point indicates the position of the epicenter; Yellow lines show the faults; Cyan polygon represents the small region we chosen; Red polygon represents the large region as the reference background. Table 1: The anomaly index of small area in seismogenic year. W = g cm 2, Date W Wr σ ( W ) = g cm 2, Unit: W Ii Date W g cm 2 Wr W Ii
4 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, the previous three years before the earthquake, the distribution of the water vapor had no obvious anomaly along the fault zone. However, Fig. 1 shows the phenomenon of water vapor low-value appeared in the South China Sea region on December 15, 2006, 11 days before the earthquake, which was consistent until the end of year. The minimum appeared on December 17, 2006, and the water vapor value was only g cm 2, less than half the mean value. The second smallest value was only g cm 2, also did not meet the half mean value on the day of earthquake. The water vapor values returned to the level of about 2.0 g cm 2 after January 2, Then we calculated that W of the small area minus the large area (chosen by us in Fig. 1) was equal to g cm 2 and σ ( W ), standard deviation, was equal to g cm 2. After calculating the anomaly index of small area in seismogenic year (Table 1), we found that from December 15th to 26th, the anomaly index was negative apart from December 19th that was equal to On December 15th and December 17th, the anomaly index reached and respectively. It reached on the December 26th when the earthquake happened. According to the brightness temperature map retrieved from MODIS, We found that there were thermal phenomena in the earthquake. Prof. Shanjun Liu also has such report on Hengchun earthquake thermal anomalies. However the water vapor negative anomalies emerged not because of thermal anomalies during the earthquake. 4. CONCLUSION The analysis of atmospheric water vapor has shown anomalous behavior during the earthquake. The result shows that: 1) In Hengchun earthquake in Taiwan, there was no phenomena of the increase in water vapor before and after the earthquake, but the phenomena of the reduction in water vapor and the negative anomalies. 2) There are some shortcomings to the anomaly analysis method of regional background reference such as it can not detect abnormal range, the choice of reference region and non-reference region is impacted from Human factors as well. The reason for water vapor negative anomalies in the South China Sea nearby the epicenter is not very clear. Detailed investigations of atmospheric water vapor content and its temporal variations prior and after earthquakes which occur especially near the ocean are required to continue to study in other earthquakes. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No ) and the Liaoning Province Technology Project ( ) REFERENCES 1. Gorny, V. I., The earth outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity, Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR, Vol. 30, No. 1, 67 69, Tronin, A. A., Satellite thermal survey-a new tool for the study of seismoactive regions, INT. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 17, No. 8, , Tronin, A. A., Remote sensing and earthquakes: A review, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 31, , Qiang, Z. J., X. D. Xu, and C. G. Dian, Thermal infrared anomaly precursor of impemding earthquake, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 36, No. 4, , Qiang, Z. J and C. G. Dian, Satellite thermal infrared impending temperature increase precursor of Gonghe earthquake of magnitude 7.0, Qinghai Province, Geoscience, Vol. 6, No. 3, , Ouzounov, D. and F. Freund, Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 33, , Tramutoli, V., V. Cuomob, C. Filizzola, et al., Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas: The case of Kocaeli earthquake. August 17, 1999, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 96, , Freund, F. T., Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow: Strange pre-earthquake phenonmena, Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 17, 37 71, Pulinets, S. A., V. D. Ouzouno, A. V. Kareline, et al., The physical nature of thermal anomalies observed before strong earthquakes, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 31, , 2006.
5 PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, Wu, L. X., S. J. Liu, Y. H. Wu, et al., Precursors for fracturing and failure-part 1: IRR image abnormalities, Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci., Vol. 43, No. 3, , Li, J. P., L. X. Wu, S. J. Liu, et al., Pre-earthquake thermal infrared anomaly recognition method and quantitiative analysis model, Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1 6, Liu, S. J., L. X. Wu, J. P. Li, et al., Features and mechanisms of the satellite thermal infrared anomaly before Hengchun earthquake in Taiwan region, Science & Technology Review, Vol. 25, No. 6, Filizzola, C., N. Pergola, C. Pietrapertosa, et al., Robust satellite techniques for seismically active areas monitoring: A sensitivity analysis on September 7th 1999 Athens s earthquake, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 29, , Dey, S., S. Sarkar, and R. P. Singh, Anomalous changes in columu water vapor after Gujarat earthquake, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 33, , Cui, L. H., Study on Anomaly of Remote Sensing Information and Mechanism before the Wenchuan Earthquake, Hebei Polytechnic University, 1 63, 2008.
Experimental Study on the Microwave Monitoring of Rock Stress and Fracture
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 6, NO. 1, 21 61 Experimental Study on the Microwave Monitoring of Rock Stress and Fracture Zhongyin Xu 1, Shanjun Liu 1, Lixin Wu 1, 2, and Zhe Feng 1 1 Institute for Geo-informatics
More informationTwo-step method to extract seismic microwave radiation anomaly: Case study of M S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
Earthq Sci (2011)24: 577 582 577 doi:10.1007/s11589-011-0819-x Two-step method to extract seismic microwave radiation anomaly: Case study of M S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake Yuntao Ma 1,2 Shanjun Liu 1, Lixin
More informationSatellite Observations of the Great Mega Thrust Sumatra Earthquake Activities
International Journal of Geoinformatics, Vol. 1, No. 4, December 2005 Satellite Observations of the Great Mega Thrust Sumatra Earthquake Activities A.K. Saraf, S. Choundhury and S. Dasgupta Department
More informationSpace-borne observations of atmospheric pre-earthquake signals in seismically active areas.
Space-borne observations of atmospheric pre-earthquake signals in seismically active areas. Ouzounov D.P. 1, Pulinets S.A. 2, Davidenko D.A. 3, Kafatos M. 1, Taylor P.T. 4 1 CEESMO, Chapman University,
More informationStudy of outgoing longwave radiation anomalies associated with Haiti earthquake
doi:10.5194/nhess-10-2169-2010 Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Study of outgoing longwave radiation anomalies associated with Haiti earthquake P. Xiong
More informationSatellite Based Precursor Observation Technique (SPOT) A Study on Earthquakes Occurred During Jan March, 2016 with Magnitude Greater Than 7.
www.cafetinnova.org Indexed in Scopus Compendex and Geobase Elsevier, Geo-Ref Information Services-USA, List B of Scientific Journals, Poland, Directory of Research Journals ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 09,
More informationSurface Anomalies Prior to Earthquakes
Surface Anomalies Prior to Earthquakes Habibeh Valizadeh, Shattri B. Mansor Husaini Omar and Farid Azad Department of Civil Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor Malaysia shattri@eng.upm.edu.my
More informationAn early warning system for coastal earthquakes
Advances in Space Research 37 (2006) 636 642 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr An early warning system for coastal earthquakes Guido Cervone a, *, Menas Kafatos a, Domenico Napoletani b, Ramesh P. Singh a,c
More informationInterdisciplinary Framework to Reveal Earthquake Precursory Phenomena in Seismically Active Areas
Interdisciplinary Framework to Reveal Earthquake Precursory Phenomena in Seismically Active Areas D.Ouzounov 1,2, S.Pulinets 3, M.Kafatos 1, P.Taylor 2 1 Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA 2 NASA
More informationA Statistical Analysis of TIR Anomalies extracted by RST in Relation. with Earthquake in Sichuan Area with Use of MODIS LST Data
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/.194/nhess-18-214 A Statistical Analysis of TIR Anomalies extracted by RST in Relation with Earthquake in Sichuan Area with Use of MODIS LST Data
More informationA pilot project on the comphrensive diagnosis of earthquake precursors on Sakhalin Island: Experiment results from 2007
A pilot project on the comphrensive diagnosis of earthquake precursors on Sakhalin Island: Experiment results from 2007 Alexey Romanov, Youry Urlichich, Sergey Pulinets, Alexander Romanov and Victor Selin
More informationEarly Warning of Earthquakes Using Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Parameters Observed From Satellite Data
Early Warning of Earthquakes Using Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Parameters Observed From Satellite Data Ramesh P. Singh Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016,
More informationSurface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor
Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor S. Dey, R. P. Singh To cite this version: S. Dey, R. P. Singh. Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor. Natural Hazards and Earth System
More informationEARTHQUAKE PRECURSOR FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY: SIGNALS OR JUST NOISE?
EARTHQUAKE PRECURSOR FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY: SIGNALS OR JUST NOISE? Shattri MANSOR and Habibeh Valizadeh ALVAN, Malaysia Key words: earthquake precursors; remote sensing; surface temperature; surface heat
More informationSurface Anomalies Prior to Earthquakes
Habibeh VALIZADEH ALVAN; Shattri MANSOR; Husaini OMAR; and Farid HAYDARI AZAD, Malaysia Key words: Earthquake, Heat flux, Chlorophyll, Upwelling, Remote sensing, Early warning SUMMARY Seismic activities
More informationRevealing pre-earthquake signatures in atmosphere and ionosphere associated with 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 events in Nepal. Preliminary results
Revealing pre-earthquake signatures in atmosphere and ionosphere associated with 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 events in Nepal. Preliminary results Dimitar Ouzounov 1, Sergey Pulinets 2, Dmitry Davidenko 2 1 Center
More informationStatistical Study of the Ionospheric Density Variation Related to the 2010 Chile Earthquake and Measured by the DEMETER Satellite
WDS'1 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part II, 189 193, 21. ISBN 978-8-7378-14-8 MATFYZPRESS Statistical Study of the Ionospheric Density Variation Related to the 21 Chile Earthquake and Measured by
More informationEARTHQUAKE PREDICTION RESEARCH IN CHINA: STATUS AND PROSPECTS
J. Phys. Earth, 34, Suppl., S1-S11, 1 986 EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION RESEARCH IN CHINA: STATUS AND PROSPECTS Zhangli CHEN State Seismological Bureau, Beijing, China (Received June 22, 1985; Revised May 22,
More informationTHE RESEARCH ON THE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA FOG BASED ON CALIOP AND MODIS DATA
THE RESEARCH ON THE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA FOG BASED ON CALIOP AND MODIS DATA Wan Jianhua 1, *,Su Jing 1,Liu Shanwei 1,Sheng Hui 1 1 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East
More informationSensor Web Approach for Earthquake studies. D. Ouzounov
1 Application of Remote Sensing Technologies for Disaster Risk Management: Mutisensor approach of analyzing atmospheric signals and search for possible earthquake precursors D. Ouzounov 1,4, S. Habib 2,
More informationESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COLUMN AND NEAR SURFACE WATER VAPOR CONTENT USING THE RADIANCE VALUES OF MODIS
ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COLUMN AND NEAR SURFACE WATER VAPOR CONTENT USIN THE RADIANCE VALUES OF MODIS M. Moradizadeh a,, M. Momeni b, M.R. Saradjian a a Remote Sensing Division, Centre of Excellence
More informationTHE FEASIBILITY OF EXTRACTING LOWLEVEL WIND BY TRACING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE OBSERVED IN IR IMAGERY OVER CLOUD FREE OCEAN AREA IN THE TROPICS
THE FEASIBILITY OF EXTRACTING LOWLEVEL WIND BY TRACING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE OBSERVED IN IR IMAGERY OVER CLOUD FREE OCEAN AREA IN THE TROPICS Toshiro Ihoue and Tetsuo Nakazawa Meteorological Research Institute
More informationAnomalous increase of chlorophyll concentrations associated with earthquakes
Advances in Space Research 37 (2006) 671 680 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Anomalous increase of chlorophyll concentrations associated with earthquakes Ramesh P. Singh a,b, *, Sagnik Dey a, Sanjeeb Bhoi
More informationATMOS 5140 Lecture 1 Chapter 1
ATMOS 5140 Lecture 1 Chapter 1 Atmospheric Radiation Relevance for Weather and Climate Solar Radiation Thermal Infrared Radiation Global Heat Engine Components of the Earth s Energy Budget Relevance for
More informationTomographic imaging of P wave velocity structure beneath the region around Beijing
403 Doi: 10.1007/s11589-009-0403-9 Tomographic imaging of P wave velocity structure beneath the region around Beijing Zhifeng Ding Xiaofeng Zhou Yan Wu Guiyin Li and Hong Zhang Institute of Geophysics,
More informationInterannual variation of MODIS NDVI in Lake Taihu and its relation to climate in submerged macrophyte region
Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Interannual variation of MODIS NDVI in Lake Taihu and its relation to climate in submerged macrophyte region ZhangZhen 2015.07.10 1 Outline Introduction Data
More informationSensitivity Study of the MODIS Cloud Top Property
Sensitivity Study of the MODIS Cloud Top Property Algorithm to CO 2 Spectral Response Functions Hong Zhang a*, Richard Frey a and Paul Menzel b a Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies,
More informationBollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata Vol. 56, n. 2, pp ; June 2015 DOI /bgta0149
Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata Vol. 56, n. 2, pp. 167-202; June 2015 DOI 10.4430/bgta0149 From visual comparison to Robust Satellite Techniques: 30 years of thermal infrared satellite data
More informationAtmospheric and thermal anomalies observed around the time of strong earthquakes in México
Atmósfera 18(4), 235-247 (2005) Atmospheric and thermal anomalies observed around the time of strong earthquakes in México M. A. DUNAJECKA Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
More informationJCR (2 ), JGR- (1 ) (4 ) 11, EPSL GRL BSSA
Dun Wang ( ) In collaboration with: Hitoshi Kawakatsu, Jim Mori, Kazuki Koketsu, Takuto Maeda, Hiroshi Tsuroka, Jiancang Zhunag, Lihua Fang, and Qiang Yao School of Geosciences, China University of Geosciences
More informationRobust TIR satellite techniques for monitoring earthquake active regions: limits, main achievements and perspectives
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 51, N. 1, February 2008 Robust TIR satellite techniques for monitoring earthquake active regions: limits, main achievements and perspectives Carolina Aliano ( 1 ), Rosita Corrado
More informationSeismic Quiescence before the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, M w 7.6 Earthquake
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 321 327, February 2006, doi: 10.1785/0120050069 Seismic Quiescence before the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, M w 7.6 Earthquake by Yih-Min Wu
More informationEarthquake prediction through Kannan-Mathematical-Model Analysis and Dobrovolsky-based clustering Technique
Earthquake prediction through Kannan-Mathematical-Model Analysis and Dobrovolsky-based clustering Technique Jacenth Mejia 1*, Kurt Rojas 1, Nadia Valeza 1, and Al Rey Villagracia 1 1 Physics Department,
More informationOnce you have opened the website with the link provided choose a force: Earthquakes
Name: Once you have opened the website with the link provided choose a force: Earthquakes When do earthquakes happen? On the upper left menu, choose number 1. Read What is an Earthquake? Earthquakes happen
More informationTHERMAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING EARTHQUAKE ANOMALIES IN 2013 BALOCHISTAN EARTHQUAKES. G. Kaplan 1 and U. Avdan 2
THERMAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING EARTHQUAKE ANOMALIES IN 2013 BALOCHISTAN EARTHQUAKES ABSTRACT: G. Kaplan 1 and U. Avdan 2 1 PhD Candidate, GIS and Remote Sensing program, Anadolu University,
More informationDesign of Safety Monitoring and Early Warning System for Buried Pipeline Crossing Fault
5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation (ICCET 2015) Design of Safety Monitoring and Early Warning System for Buried Pipeline Crossing Fault Wu Liu1,a, Wanggang Hou1,b *, Wentao
More informationAGRICULTURE DROUGHT AND FOREST FIRE MONITORING IN CHONGQING CITY WITH MODIS AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS *
AGRICULTURE DROUGHT AND FOREST FIRE MONITORING IN CHONGQING CITY WITH MODIS AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS * HONGRUI ZHAO a ZHONGSHI TANG a, BIN YANG b AND MING ZHAO a a 3S Centre, Tsinghua University,
More informationOnce a specific data set is selected, NEO will list related data sets in the panel titled Matching Datasets, which is to the right of the image.
NASA Earth Observations (NEO): A Brief Introduction NEO is a data visualization tool that allows users to explore a wealth of environmental data collected by NASA satellites. The satellites use an array
More informationGround motion attenuation relations of small and moderate earthquakes in Sichuan region
Earthq Sci (2009)22: 277 282 277 Doi: 10.1007/s11589-009-0277-x Ground motion attenuation relations of small and moderate earthquakes in Sichuan region Lanchi Kang 1, and Xing Jin 1,2 1 Fuzhou University,
More informationComprehensive Earth Science
Comprehensive Earth Science COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides students with a comprehensive earth science curriculum, focusing on geology, oceanography, astronomy, weather, and climate. The program
More informationMay 3, :41 AOGS - AS 9in x 6in b951-v16-ch13 LAND SURFACE ENERGY BUDGET OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU BASED ON SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING DATA
Advances in Geosciences Vol. 16: Atmospheric Science (2008) Eds. Jai Ho Oh et al. c World Scientific Publishing Company LAND SURFACE ENERGY BUDGET OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU BASED ON SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING
More informationNew Paltz Central School District Earth Science
UNIT 1: MEASUREMENT AND DENSITY Measure volume, length, weight, and rate of Practicum during exam How do you accurately measure length, weight, change. Full lab write-up of density determination of and
More informationTWO APPLICATIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS FOR AMVS OF NSMC/CMA
TWO APPLICATIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS FOR AMVS OF NSMC/CMA RE-NAVIGATION BASED ON FULL EARTH DISC IMAGE & CALCULATION OF RADIATION TRANSFER USING NWP DATA Zhang Xiaohu, Xu Jianmin National Satellite Meteorological
More informationStudy of the Influence of Thin Cirrus Clouds on Satellite Radiances Using Raman Lidar and GOES Data
Study of the Influence of Thin Cirrus Clouds on Satellite Radiances Using Raman Lidar and GOES Data D. N. Whiteman, D. O C. Starr, and G. Schwemmer National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard
More informationCALIBRATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF CHINA LAND OBSERVATION SATELLITES. Li Liu. Executive summary (corresponding to ca ½ a page)
Prepared by CNSA Agenda Item: WG.3 CALIBRATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF CHINA LAND OBSERVATION SATELLITES Li Liu Executive summary (corresponding to ca ½ a page) This report introduces
More informationEarthquake. What is it? Can we predict it?
Earthquake What is it? Can we predict it? What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. Rocks under stress accumulate
More informationThe performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
MS-ESS2-1 Earth's Systems Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-ESS2-1. Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. [Clarification
More informationThe current status of FY-3D
The current status of FY-3D Xiang Fang National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (NSMC/CMA) OUTLINE Overview Key instruments onboard FY-3D Products and data service
More informationEvaluating Thermal Comfort in City Life and Its Relation to Socio-Economic Activities
Evaluating Thermal Comfort in City Life and Its Relation to Socio-Economic Activities Noriko Okamura 1*, Wataru Takeuchi 1, Shin Akatsuka 2 and Kei Oyoshi 3 1 Institute of Industrial Science, The University
More informationWeather Cloud Detection. Measuring infrared temperature from the environment to characterize the current weather
Weather Cloud Detection Measuring infrared temperature from the environment to Objective The purpose of this activity is to study everyday weather via IRtemperature detection from the environment, creating
More informationBonn, Germany MOUTAZ DALATI. General Organization for Remote Sensing ( GORS ), Syria Advisor to the General Director of GORS,
Bonn, Germany Early Warning System is needed for Earthquakes disaster mitigation in Syria Case Study: Detecting and Monitoring the Active faulting zones along the Afro-Arabian-Syrian Rift System MOUTAZ
More informationRadiative Climatology of the North Slope of Alaska and the Adjacent Arctic Ocean
Radiative Climatology of the North Slope of Alaska and the Adjacent Arctic Ocean C. Marty, R. Storvold, and X. Xiong Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska K. H. Stamnes Stevens Institute
More informationEstimates of the dynamics of volcano eruption column using real-time AVHRR data
Estimates of the dynamics of volcano eruption column using real-time AVHRR data Ignacio Galindo Centro Universitario de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Ambiente (CUICA) UNIVERSIDAD DE COLIMA, Colima, México
More informationIonospheric anomalies possibly associated with M>6.0 earthquakes in the Japan area during and the Tohoku Earthquake (Mw9.
Ionospheric anomalies possibly associated with M>6.0 earthquakes in the Japan area during 1998-2010 and the 20110311 Tohoku Earthquake (Mw9.0) K. Hattori 1, S. Kon 1, S. Hirooka 1, T. Ichikawa 1, M. Nishihashi
More informationScience. Earth Science. New Jersey Quality Single Accountability Continuum (NJQSAC) Department: Course Title. Textbook(s): Focus on Earth Science
New Jersey Quality Single Accountability Continuum (NJQSAC) Textbook(s): Focus on Unit 1, September What is science? What is the Scientific Method? What is matter? How do atoms combine to form compounds?
More informationLand Surface Temperature Measurements From the Split Window Channels of the NOAA 7 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer John C.
Land Surface Temperature Measurements From the Split Window Channels of the NOAA 7 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer John C. Price Published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984 Presented
More informationMario Flores, Graduate Student Department of Applied Mathematics, UTSA. EES 5053: Remote Sensing
Mario Flores, Graduate Student Department of Applied Mathematics, UTSA Miguel Balderas, E.I.T., Graduate Student Department of Civil/Environmental Engineering, UTSA EES 5053: Remote Sensing REMOTE SENSING
More informationMulti-parameter observations of atmospheric pre-earthquake signals and their validation: Potential for Future
Multi-parameter observations of atmospheric pre-earthquake signals and their validation: Potential for Future Dimitar Ouzounov and Menas Kafatos Chapman University, Orange, CA CSEP Workshop, May 5-7, 2013
More informationAn Algorithm for Retrieving Land Surface Temperatures Using VIIRS Data in Combination with Multi-Sensors
Sensors 2014, 14, 21385-21408; doi:10.3390/s141121385 Article OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors An Algorithm for Retrieving Land Surface Temperatures Using VIIRS Data in Combination
More informationECNU WORKSHOP LAB ONE 2011/05/25)
ECNU WORKSHOP LAB ONE (Liam.Gumley@ssec.wisc.edu 2011/05/25) The objective of this laboratory exercise is to become familiar with the characteristics of MODIS Level 1B 1000 meter resolution data. After
More informationEARTHQUAKES! Tectonics, Faulting and Earthquakes
Name: Student Number: Tectonics, Faulting and Earthquakes Purpose: To illustrate how the Earth s lithosphere is deformed by tectonic forces, and use real-time earthquake data from the internet to explore
More informationWhat is an Earthquake?
Earthquakes What is an Earthquake? Earthquake - sometimes violent shaking of ground caused by movement of Earth s tectonic plates; creates seismic waves Often followed by smaller earthquakes (aftershocks);
More informationLearning Objectives. Thermal Remote Sensing. Thermal = Emitted Infrared
November 2014 lava flow on Kilauea (USGS Volcano Observatory) (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov) Landsat-based thermal change of Nisyros Island (volcanic) Thermal Remote Sensing Distinguishing materials on the ground
More informationEarthquakes. Earthquake Magnitudes 10/1/2013. Environmental Geology Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Related Phenomena
Environmental Geology Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Related Phenomena Fall 2013 Northridge 1994 Kobe 1995 Mexico City 1985 China 2008 Earthquakes Earthquake Magnitudes Earthquake Magnitudes Richter Magnitude
More informationComparison of aerosol radiative forcing over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal
Advances in Space Research 33 (2004) 1104 1108 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Comparison of aerosol radiative forcing over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal S. Dey a, S. Sarkar b, R.P. Singh a, * a Department
More informationAPPLICATIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES. W. Paul Menzel. Office of Research and Applications NOAA/NESDIS University of Wisconsin Madison, WI
APPLICATIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES by W. Paul Menzel Office of Research and Applications NOAA/NESDIS University of Wisconsin Madison, WI July 2004 Unpublished Work Copyright Pending TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationAdvantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 32, L02305, doi:10.1029/2004gl021651, 2005 Advantageous GOES IR results for ash mapping at high latitudes: Cleveland eruptions 2001 Yingxin Gu, 1 William I. Rose, 1 David
More informationA high spectral resolution global land surface infrared emissivity database
A high spectral resolution global land surface infrared emissivity database Eva E. Borbas, Robert O. Knuteson, Suzanne W. Seemann, Elisabeth Weisz, Leslie Moy, and Hung-Lung Huang Space Science and Engineering
More informationEvaluation of Satellite and Reanalysis Products of Downward Surface Solar Radiation over East Asia
International Workshop on Land Use/Cover Changes and Air Pollution in Asia August 4-7th, 2015, Bogor, Indonesia Evaluation of Satellite and Reanalysis Products of Downward Surface Solar Radiation over
More informationTuckahoe Union Free School District Earth Science Curriculum Map/Scope and Sequence. Compiled by: Mark Dineen
Tuckahoe Union Free School District Earth Science Curriculum Map/Scope and Sequence Compiled by: Mark Dineen SEPTEMBER Tuckahoe Union Free School District Curriculum Map- Earth Science Mr. Dineen Texts:
More informationSendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March
Sendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, 2011 Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March 14 2011 Earth has 11 large plates and many more smaller ones. Plates are 100-200 km thick
More informationThe Study of Dynamic Monitor of Rice Drought in Jiangxi Province with Remote Sensing
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Environmental Sciences 10 (2011 ) 1847 1853 2011 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Conference Application Title Technology
More informationMSGVIEW: AN OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING TOOL TO PROCESS, ANALYZE AND VISUALIZATION OF MSG SEVIRI DATA
MSGVIEW: AN OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING TOOL TO PROCESS, ANALYZE AND VISUALIZATION OF MSG SEVIRI DATA Aydın Gürol Ertürk Turkish State Meteorological Service, Remote Sensing Division, CC 401, Kalaba Ankara,
More informationRemote Sensing of Precipitation
Lecture Notes Prepared by Prof. J. Francis Spring 2003 Remote Sensing of Precipitation Primary reference: Chapter 9 of KVH I. Motivation -- why do we need to measure precipitation with remote sensing instruments?
More informationRegulations on Administration of Earthquake Predictions
Regulations on Administration of Earthquake Predictions (Promulgated by Decree No.255 of the State Council of the People s Republic of China on December 17, 1998, and effective as of the date of promulgation)
More informationDISTRIBUTION AND DIURNAL VARIATION OF WARM-SEASON SHORT-DURATION HEAVY RAINFALL IN RELATION TO THE MCSS IN CHINA
3 DISTRIBUTION AND DIURNAL VARIATION OF WARM-SEASON SHORT-DURATION HEAVY RAINFALL IN RELATION TO THE MCSS IN CHINA Jiong Chen 1, Yongguang Zheng 1*, Xiaoling Zhang 1, Peijun Zhu 2 1 National Meteorological
More informationThe construction and application of the AMSR-E global microwave emissivity database
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science OPEN ACCESS The construction and application of the AMSR-E global microwave emissivity database To cite this article: Shi Lijuan et al 014 IOP Conf.
More informationCORRELATION BETWEEN TEMPERATURE CHANGE AND EARTHQUAKE IN BANGLADESH
CORRELATION BETWEEN TEMPERATURE CHANGE AND EARTHQUAKE IN BANGLADESH A. Hossain *, F. Kabir & K. Roy Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
More informationCurrent Status of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer From: UNEP Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interaction with Climate Change
Goals Produce a data product that allows users to acquire time series of the distribution of UV-B radiation across the continental USA, based upon measurements from the UVMRP. Provide data in a format
More informationDAMAGE DETECTION OF THE 2008 SICHUAN, CHINA EARTHQUAKE FROM ALOS OPTICAL IMAGES
DAMAGE DETECTION OF THE 2008 SICHUAN, CHINA EARTHQUAKE FROM ALOS OPTICAL IMAGES Wen Liu, Fumio Yamazaki Department of Urban Environment Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33,
More informationStatistical Analysis on the Characteristics of Normalized Response Spectra of Ground Motion Records from Wenchuan Earthquake
Statistical Analysis on the Characteristics of Normalized Response Spectra of Ground Motion Records from Wenchuan Earthquake Y.Q. Yang, J.J. Hu, L.L. Xie, J.W. Dai, H.Y. Yu Key Laboratory of Earthquake
More informationStudy on Precipitation Forecast and Testing Methods of Numerical Forecast in Fuxin Area
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5, 32-38 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 Study on Precipitation Forecast and Testing Methods of Numerical
More informationSatellite detection of volcanic aerosol at Miyakejima and Sakurajima
Satellite detection of volcanic aerosol at Miyakejima and Sakurajima M. Koyamada 1, K. Kinoshita 1, N. Iino 2 and C. Kanagaki 3 1 Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University, 1-20-6, Korimoto, Kagoshima
More informationCharacteristics of Global Precipitable Water Revealed by COSMIC Measurements
Characteristics of Global Precipitable Water Revealed by COSMIC Measurements Ching-Yuang Huang 1,2, Wen-Hsin Teng 1, Shu-Peng Ho 3, Ying-Hwa Kuo 3, and Xin-Jia Zhou 3 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences,
More informationEarth Systems Curriculum
Earth Systems Curriculum Course Description This course provides the opportunity to develop knowledge and understanding about the relationships between the structure, processes, and resources on Earth
More informationOn the Satellite Determination of Multilayered Multiphase Cloud Properties. Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 2
JP1.10 On the Satellite Determination of Multilayered Multiphase Cloud Properties Fu-Lung Chang 1 *, Patrick Minnis 2, Sunny Sun-Mack 1, Louis Nguyen 1, Yan Chen 2 1 Science Systems and Applications, Inc.,
More informationRemote Sensing Seminar 8 June 2007 Benevento, Italy. Lab 5 SEVIRI and MODIS Clouds and Fires
Remote Sensing Seminar 8 June 2007 Benevento, Italy Lab 5 SEVIRI and MODIS Clouds and Fires Table: SEVIRI Channel Number, Wavelength (µm), and Primary Application Reflective Bands 1,2 0.635, 0.81 land/cld
More informationA study on the Abruzzo 6 April 2009 earthquake by applying the RST approach to 15 years of AVHRR TIR observations
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 395 406, 2010 Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences A study on the Abruzzo
More informationThe relationship between large reservoirs and seismicity
The relationship between large reservoirs and seismicity 08 February 2010 Following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Chen Houqun, Xu Zeping and Li Ming discuss the question of whether large
More informationCALIBRATION OF THERMAL INFRARED CHANNELS OF FENG YUN SATELLITE DATA. Wan Hazli Wan Kadir, Abd Wahid Rasib, Ab. Latif Ibrahim and Zawatil Azhani Zaini
CALIBRATION OF THERMAL INFRARED CHANNELS OF FENG YUN SATELLITE DATA Wan Hazli Wan Kadir, Abd Wahid Rasib, Ab. Latif Ibrahim and Zawatil Azhani Zaini Department of Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geoinformation
More informationTHE LAND-SAF SURFACE ALBEDO AND DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION FLUX PRODUCTS
THE LAND-SAF SURFACE ALBEDO AND DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION FLUX PRODUCTS Bernhard Geiger, Dulce Lajas, Laurent Franchistéguy, Dominique Carrer, Jean-Louis Roujean, Siham Lanjeri, and Catherine Meurey
More informationA 3DVAR Land Data Assimilation Scheme: Part 2, Test with ECMWF ERA-40
A 3DVAR Land Data Assimilation Scheme: Part 2, Test with ECMWF ERA-40 Lanjun Zou 1 * a,b,c Wei Gao a,d Tongwen Wu b Xiaofeng Xu b Bingyu Du a,and James Slusser d a Sino-US Cooperative Center for Remote
More informationDrought Monitoring Based on the Vegetation Temperature Condition Index by IDL Language Processing Method
Drought Monitoring Based on the Vegetation Temperature Condition Index by IDL Language Processing Method WenHao Ou, Wei Su *, Chen Wu, ZhongZheng Zhu, YanMin Li, and Shi Shen College of Information and
More informationWe greatly appreciate the thoughtful comments from the reviewers. According to the reviewer s comments, we revised the original manuscript.
Response to the reviews of TC-2018-108 The potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for seasonal Arctic sea ice extent prediction by Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiao Cheng, Jiping Liu, and Fengming Hui We greatly
More informatione-science on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Taiwan
e-science on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Taiwan Eric Yen EGI User Forum, April 2011 ~50 earthquakes/day Taiwan Seismicity on Google Earth 0 15 30 70 100 150 km Eurasia Plate S01R Philippine Sea Plate
More informationSTATUS OF JAPANESE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES AND RECENT ACTIVITIES OF MSC
STATUS OF JAPANESE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES AND RECENT ACTIVITIES OF MSC Daisaku Uesawa Meteorological Satellite Center, Japan Meteorological Agency Abstract MTSAT-1R is the current operational Japanese
More informationDefining microclimates on Long Island using interannual surface temperature records from satellite imagery
Defining microclimates on Long Island using interannual surface temperature records from satellite imagery Deanne Rogers*, Katherine Schwarting, and Gilbert Hanson Dept. of Geosciences, Stony Brook University,
More informationApproaching the Critical Point in
INTERVIEW: SEYIA UYEDA AND PANYIOTIS VAROTSOS Approaching the Critical Point in Earthquake Prediction Professors Seyia Uyeda and Paniyotis Varotsos have been collaborating on earthquake prediction for
More informationEarth Observation System and its application to disaster management and emergency response in China
Earth Observation System and its application to disaster management and emergency response in China Prof. Meng Qingyan Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences November 22,
More informationRecent activity. Current episode 12 years Transition between styles 4 periods of dome growth Since 2003, Vulcanian explosions (4 25 per day)
Recent activity Current episode 12 years Transition between styles 4 periods of dome growth Since 2003, Vulcanian explosions (4 25 per day) 02 December 09 Explosions originating from dome e.g. 10 Jan 2010
More information