The SNAP/UI Safety Net and Work Status: ABAWDs in Texas

Transcription

1 The SNAP/UI Safety Net and Work Status: ABAWDs in Texas Daniel Schroeder, PhD National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics (NAWRS), 2015 Annual Workshop Atlanta, GA August 25, 2015

2 ABAWD Policy ABAWDs, Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents, are: aged Non-disabled Not raising dependent children Not otherwise exempt from work participation requirements ABAWDs must: Work 20+ hours per week (including below activities) Participate in work activities Participate in workfare Otherwise: They are Time Limited (TL) to receive SNAP benefits at most 3 months out of a 36 month period.

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4 Characteristics of ABAWDs in Texas Demographics ABAWDs Age 32.7 Male 52.7% Female 47.3% Black 33.7% White 30.9% Hispanic 32.7% Other race 2.8% Employment & Earnings History ABAWDs Employed 4-6 months prior 48.4% Monthly earnings 4-6 months prior $482.5 Experienced earnings dip of at least 20% within prior 8 quarters 39.0% Delay between earnings dip and spell begin (in quarters) 4.6 Dollar amount of earnings dip (in quarterly earnings) $2,472.7 Earnings dip as a percentage of prior income 78.9%

5 ABAWD Waivers Waivers allow states to exempt a portion of their ABAWD caseload from Time Limits Under normal conditions states can exempt up to 10% of their ABAWD caseload During the Great Recession, states were allowed to exempt their entire ABAWD caseloads, and many did Texas chose to continue exempting only 10% of ABAWDS, focusing on those in counties with greater than 10% unemployment

6 ABAWDS as a Share of SNAP Caseload

7 Source: RMC analysis of State of Texas Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Employment and Training Federal Fiscal Year State Plans of Operations, FFY 2003 through ABAWD Waiver Counties by FY Federal Fiscal Year Approved Waiver Counties FFY2003 FFY2004 FFY2005 FFY2006 FFY2007 FFY2008 FFY2009 FFY2010 FFY2011 FFY2012 FFY2013 FFY2014 Dimmit, Hidalgo, Loving, Matagorda, Maverick, Newton, Presidio, Starr, Willacy, Zavala Hidalgo, Jasper, Matagorda, Maverick, Newton, Presidio, Red River, Starr, Willacy, Zavala Cameron, Cochran, Dimmit, Hidalgo, Jasper, Liberty, Matagorda, Maverick, Newton, Orange, Presidio, Reeves, Sabine, Somervell, Starr, Willacy, Zavala Dimmit, Hidalgo, Jasper, Liberty, Matagorda, Maverick, Newton, Orange, Presidio, Sabine, Starr, Willacy, Zavala Dimmit, Hidalgo, Jasper, Liberty, Matagorda, Maverick, Newton, Orange, Presidio, Sabine, Starr, Willacy, Zavala Loving, Presidio, Maverick, Starr, Zavala Loving, Maverick, Starr, Zavala Maverick, Presidio, Starr, Zavala Cameron, Cass, Dimmit, Duval, Hidalgo, Jasper, Liberty, Marion, Matagorda, Maverick, Milam, Morris, Newton, Orange, Presidio, Reeves, Sabine, San Augustine, Starr, Willacy, Zapata, Zavala Cameron, Cass, Dickens, Duval, Hidalgo, Jasper, Jefferson, Liberty, Marion, Matagorda, Maverick, Milam, Morris, Newton, Orange, Presidio, Red River, Reeves, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, San Patricio, Starr, Tyler, Willacy, Zapata, Zavala Cameron, Cass, Dickens, El Paso, Hidalgo, Houston, Jasper, Jefferson, Liberty, Matagorda, Maverick, Morris, Newton, Orange, Presidio, Red River, Reeves, Sabine, San Augustine, Starr, Tyler, Willacy, Zavala Cameron, Hidalgo, Jefferson, Maverick, Newton, Presidio, Red River, Sabine, San Augustine, Starr, Willacy, Zavala

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12 Spell Durations, ABAWDs vs Comparison, Typical vs waiver ABAWDs Adults with Dependents SNAP Spell Duration SNAP Recidivism, 6-month SNAP Spell Duration SNAP Recidivism, 6-month Typical spells % % Spells in Waiver Counties % %

13 Typical Spell Durations, ABAWDs vs Comparison, Varying Economic Conditions ABAWDs Adults with Dependents SNAP Spell Duration SNAP Recidivism, 6-month SNAP Spell Duration SNAP Recidivism, 6-month Typical pre-recession spells 3.0 9% % Typical recession spells % % Typical jobless recovery spells % %

14 Waiver Spell Durations, ABAWDs vs Comparison, Varying Economic Conditions ABAWDs Adults with Dependents SNAP Spell Duration SNAP Recidivism, 6-month SNAP Spell Duration SNAP Recidivism, 6-month Waiver pre-recession spells % % Waiver recession spells % % Waiver jobless recovery spells % %

15 Income by Source, ABAWDs in Waiver Counties

16 Income by Source, Adults with Dependents in Waiver Counties

17 Thank you to our funders: USDA ERS. Note: Some materials in this presentation adapted from a chapter draft for an upcoming book: Working Title: Helping Together: Unemployment Insurance, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance, and the Great Recession Chapter: SNAP and UI as Components of a Joint Safety Net in Texas. Daniel Schroeder & Ashweeta Patnaik Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation and/or Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Contact: Daniel Schroeder (512) schroed@raymarshallcenter.org