Investigating Regional High Impact Climatic Events (RHICEs) in Thailand and South/Southeast Asia (irhice-southseasia)

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1 Investigating Regional High Impact Climatic Events (RHICEs) in Thailand and South/Southeast Asia (irhice-southseasia) (Year 2 of 4) Ronald Macatangay Researcher, Atmospheric Research Unit, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand (ronald@narit.or.th) Raman Solanki Post-doc, Atmospheric Research Unit, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand (ronald@narit.or.th) Vichawan Sakulsipich, Thiranan Sonkaew, Sherin Hassan Bran, Gerry Bagtasa, Kanoksri Sarinnapakorn, Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon, Paul Griffiths and Vanisa Surapipith

2 NARIT s First Key Science Space Weather & Earth s Climate Cosmic Rays David Ruffolo, MU Chanoknan Banglieng, MU Pradiphat Muangha, MU Thagoon Kerdkaew, LESA Suwicha Wannawichian, CMU Siramas Komonjinda, CMU Waraporn Nuntiyakul, CMU Vanisa Surapipith, NARIT (Feb. 1, 2018) Sherin Hassan Bran, NARIT Vichawan Sakulsupich, NARIT Paul Griffiths, NCAS Teerachai Amnuaylajaroen, UP Chakrit Chotamonsak, CMU Kanoksri Sarinnapakorn, HAII, NEOs & PHAs Modeling Lower Atmosphere, Sensor & Satellite Payload Development (Atmospheric Research Unit of NARIT, ARUN) Upper Atmosphere & Polar Research Measurements Ronald Macatangay, NARIT Raman Solanki, NARIT Thiranan Sonkaew, LPRU Montri Sanwangsri, UP Sate Sampattagul, CMU Panich Intra, RMUTL Supab Choopun, CMU

3 Objectives Identify Prepare Optimize Understand Predict Definitions RHICE Extreme Events RHICE in Thailand / South and Southeast Asia: 1. Air Pollution / Haze (related to drought, wildfire, ) 2. Precipitation (thunderstorms, hail, monsoon surges, depressions, tropical cyclones, ) Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions (spin-off TRF proposal by Vanisa Surapipith) Highlight: Consistent and year-long mixing layer height measurements with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) in the mountain valley of Chiang Mai Solanki, Macatangay et al., submitted to the International Journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (IF = 2.589)

4 Causes of Air in Pollution Northern in Northern Thailand Land Cover Changes Chemistry (Sources / Sinks) Transboundary Transport Mountain Meteorology / Topography Land Use Changes Boundary Layer Dynamics Proliferation of Commercial Contract Farming Agricultural residue burning and forest fires

5 What is the PBL? Planetary Boundary Layer Atmospheric boundary layer / Mixing layer A turbulent layer in constant state of exchange with the earth s surface, responding over the time scale of an hour or less. Diurnal cycles of exchanging heat, water vapor, and pollutants. Wallace and Hobbs

6 Atmospheric pollutants and the mixing layer height The mixing height usually acts as a confinement to the pollutants emitted from the Earth s surface, hence controlling their concentration with variations in the mixing layer top height. Dewekker and Kossmann, 2015

7 NARIT s Mini-Micropulse 24/7 LiDARs (now part of NASA s MPLNET streaming in near-real-time since August 1, 2018) (a) Phoon = Dust at the Princess Sirindhorn AstroPark, Chiang Mai (b) Fon = Rain at the Songkhla Regional Observatory, southern Thailand April 10, Present July 19, Present

8 Solanki, Macatangay et al., submitted to the International Journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (IF = 2.589)

9 Solanki, Macatangay et al., submitted to the International Journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (IF = 2.589)

10 Solanki, Macatangay et al., submitted to the International Journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (IF = 2.589) The mixing height explains around 40% of particulate matter variations over the Chiang Mai valley during the dry season.

11 Solanki, Macatangay et al., submitted to the International Journal of Aerosol and Air Quality Research (IF = 2.589) Chiang Mai

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17 Other Highlights Investigating PM10 concentrations and aerosol radiative properties during a high air pollution event over Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand: Climatological Pre-Cursors, Non- Chemistry Coupled Modelling Approach, and Sensitivity of Short-Wave Aerosol Radiative Forcing on Land Cover and Land Use Change (Macatangay et al., submitted to Environmental Research Letters (LCLUC Special Issue) IF = (2014) Revisions) Organized A Coupled WRF and Cloud Chemistry Model Seminar (Feb , 2018) Participated in the HALO-EMeRGE (DLR/UniBremen) Aircraft Measurement Asian Campaign (March 10 April 7, 2018) Co-adviced 7 students (4 BS - LPRU, 1 MS abroad, 2 PhD CMU Env. Eng.) Published 3 ISI Papers, 1 Book Chapter; Submitted 2 papers in ISI Journals 3 International Conferences (2 oral presentations, 1 poster), 1 Domestic Conference (4 posters), 2 Science Meetings, 1 up-coming conference (2 posters) 100% Budget Efficiency Future Plans Analyze Songkhla LiDAR ( Fon ) Measurements Transboundary dust transport at approximately 3-4 km (effect of monsoonal and tropical cyclone wind flows) Move Chiang Mai LiDAR ( Phoon ) to TNO, Doi Inthanon (October 2018 January 2019) for site characterization as part of adaptive optics Newton Fund project led by Somsawat Tim Rattanasoon in cooperation with DurhamUni Move Chiang Mai LiDAR ( Phoon ) to Mae Hia CMU campus for UAV measurement campaign with NCU, Taiwan and CMU ESRC (February 2019 May 2019) Perform mixing height model validation and sensitivity analysis (model parameterizations and land cover / land use change datasets / model evaluation)

18 Thank You for Your Attention! Taking NARIT to a New Era The Atmospheric Research Unit of NARIT (ARUN) ronmcdo@gmail.com

19 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Principle, Components and Types of Atmospheric LiDAR Systems Transmitter : Laser Wavelength Nd: YAG 532 nm Pulse energy 3.5 µj PRF Pulse width 2500 Hz 10 ns

20 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Principle, Components and Types of Atmospheric LiDAR Systems Figure from the DLSU Environment and Remote Sensing Research Group (EARTH)

21 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Principle, Components and Types of Atmospheric LiDAR Systems Receiver : Telescope FOV Galilean 220 µrad Diameter 80 mm Detector efficiency 25 %

22 Specification of mini MPL at NARIT Transmitter : Laser Wavelength Nd: YAG 532 nm Pulse energy 3.5 µj PRF Pulse width 2500 Hz 10 ns Receiver : Telescope FOV Diameter Galilean 220 µrad 80 mm Detector efficiency 25 %

23 PBL Top Height (Mixing Height) Estimation Haar Covariance Wavelet Transform plus Persistence Criteria

24 PBL Top Height (Mixing Height) Estimation

25 PBL Top Height (Mixing Height) Estimation

26 Songkhla LiDAR ( Fon = Rain )