OVERVIEW ON 2012 SPACE DEBRIS ACTIVITIES IN FRANCE
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1 OVERVIEW ON 2012 SPACE DEBRIS ACTIVITIES IN FRANCE F.ALBY COPUOS STSC February 2013 Overview on 2012 space debris activities in France, COPUOS STSC-February 2013, Vienna 1
2 End of life operations CONTENT Collision risk monitoring Atmospheric reentries predictions R/D studies Regulatory activities National Register of Space Objects Workshops and meetings COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
3 END OF LIFE OPERATIONS LOW EARTH ORBIT: Helios 1A (18 February 2012) Remaining orbital lifetime about 18 years GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT: EUTELSAT 4A (23 February 2012) Graveyard orbit 500 km above GEO Telecom 2D (18 November 2012) Graveyard orbit 450 km above GEO compliance with French law and international recommendations COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
4 Hélios 1a COLLISION RISK MONITORING Corot Jason 2 Picard Calipso Pléiades 1 Spot 4 Spot 5 Hélios 2a Hélios 2b Jason 1 Parasol Smos Operational service called CAESAR (Conjunction Analysis and Evaluation, Assessment and Recommendations) Analysis of all CSMs available corresponding to a conjunction Risk evaluation and avoidance recommendations Use of tracking radars or telescopes when necessary Open to: Elisa (4) Satellites controlled by CNES External customers (AstroTerra-Spot 6 for the time being) Additional customers expected in 2013 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
5 COLLISION RISK MONITORING Most dangerous debris 2012 synthesis: 18 satellites monitored 114 risks identified by the automatic process (probability of collision > 10-4 ) 163 risks identified by JSpOC 9 support requests: JSpOC or radar tracking (probability of collision > 10-3 ) 13 avoidance manoeuvres COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
6 ATMOSPHERIC REENTRIES MONITORING Objects monitored: «French» objects that could fall on foreign countries (Launching State responsibility) -satellites and launcher stages registered by France -launcher stages registered by ESA «foreign» objects that could fall on the national territory: Potentially dangerous objects registered by other countries: -Mass > 5T -dangerous materials Particular cases: IADC or governmental requests «debris» objects not considered 6 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February 2013
7 MONITORING PROCESS Step 1: routine surveillance Once a month: Screening of the catalogs SpaceTrack and Graves Identification of objects reentering within 2 months : French objects Dangerous objects publication Monthly report Other requests: IADC, Object to be monitored Step 2 7 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February 2013
8 MONITORING PROCESS Step 2: monitoring of a particular object From D-30 to D-3 altitude decrease monitoring US and French cataog data (OPERA tool) Weekly reports From D-3 to D tracking measurements, orbit determination predictions Daily reports D+n actual point (SpaceTrack) Final report 8 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February 2013
9 CONTENT OF THE REPORTS number of French objects in the catalogs list of French objects with a perigee lower than 200 km, list of French objects reentering within 60 days, list of French objetcs that reentered in the last 30 days. monthly name and number of the object, launch date, dimensions, mass, apogee, perigee and inclination predicted reentry date, uncertainty interval, latitude band, risk level. weekly idem weekly reports + orbit ground track with begin and end indications, list of countries overflown, risk level. daily date and coordinates of the reentry point when available (US information) comparison with the last prediction, estimation of debris fallout zone final 9 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February 2013
10 EXAMPLE UARS REENTRY 24 SEPTEMBER 2011 Center of the prediction: 4h05 TU Large incertitudes: about 1 revolution for the last prediction depending on available tracking measurements begin Actual reentry 4h00 TU Incertitude band end 10 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February 2013
11 SPACE DEBRIS R/D ACTIVITIES ON-ORBIT SITUATION: Debris observation from space and ground Catalog management PROTECTION: Effect of debris impacts on satellites, protection Aero-thermodynamics models for reentry MITIGATION: Electric and fluidic passivation Reentry survivability REMEDIATION: Long term evolution of the space debris population Optimal orbital transfer for active debris removal missions COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
12 REGULATORY ACTIVITIES French Space Act applicable since December 2010 Technical compliance is checked by CNES before launch or critical operations Methods and tools are developed and proposed to support the implementation of the Technical Regulations: Fragmentation modeling during reentry: DEBRISK Estimation of ground risk in case of reentry: ELECTRA Determination of compliance with the 25-year rule: STELA Long term stability of the GEO graveyard orbit Collision risk during launch phase: ARCL COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
13 NATIONAL REGISTER OF SPACE OBJECTS 5 French registered satellites launched in 2012 date Name Number Launcher Launch base 13 February ROBUSTA 1 VEGA Kourou 9 September SPOT 6 1 PSLV India (Sirharikota) 10 November Eutelsat 21B 1 Ariane 5 Kourou 2 December PLEIADES 1B 1 Soyuz Kourou 3 December Eutelsat 70B 1 Zenit 3 Sea Launch COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
14 NATIONAL REGISTER OF SPACE OBJECTS 13 French registered upper stages launched in 2012: 12 Ariane 5 (upper stages and launcher elements) 1 Fregat 4 French registered objects reentered into the atmosphere in 2012 Reentry date Name Launch date 4 January Ariane 4 R/B 14 August February Ariane 4 R/B 16 April July Ariane 4 R/B 5 October November Ariane 5 R/B 12 July 2001 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
15 NATIONAL REGISTER OF SPACE OBJECTS 305 space objects, end 2012, in the French Register launcher elements (LEO, MEO, GTO) satellites: operational satellites: 63 LEO : 35 GEO: 28 inactive satellites: 51 LEO : 24 GEO: 23 GTO: 4 COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
16 MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS Meetings and workshops are regularly organized: To inform all partners (industry, operators, research organizations, governmental bodies, ) on space debris activities at national and international levels To get their feedbacks and needs relative to mitigation rules and to research activities Main meetings: 24 January 2012: GEO satellites end of Life workshop (Paris) 18 and 19 June 2012: Active Debris Removal workshop (Paris) 11 July 2012: annual national meeting on space debris Space Debris Synthesis Group (Toulouse) COPUOS STSC, Vienna, February
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