Graphing Your Motion. Name Period Group
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1 Graphing Your Motion Name Period Group Graphs made using a computer-interfaced motion detector can be used to study motion. A motion detector measures the distance to the nearest object in front of it by emitting and receiving pulses of ultrasound. The computer reports these measurements as position along a line and can calculate velocity and acceleration values. In this experiment, you will use a computer-interfaced motion detector to produce graphs of your own motion. Purpose: Use a motion detector to measure position and velocity. Use a computer to produce graphs of your motion and analyze and interpret the graphs. Materials: COW, USB cord, motion detector, meter stick, and masking tape Procedure: Part A Distance 1. Find a clear spot to work where you won t interfere with another group s data. 2. Fasten a motion detector to a table top facing an aisle. Connect the motion detector to the computer. 3. Use masking tape to tape a 4m straight line on the floor directly in front of the motion detector. Mark the tape at meter intervals from the motion detector. 4. Prepare the computer for data collection. Open the Logger Pro program on the desktop. From the File menu, choose Open and then find the folder Physical Science with Vernier. Next, you will need to open the file 35a Graphing Your Motion. A blank position vs. time graph should appear on the screen. 5. Have someone stand at the 1m mark on the tape line facing the motion detector and the computer screen. Click Collect, then have them slowly walk backwards away from the motion detector. Walk along the tape line and watch the screen. 6. Choose Store Latest Run on the Experiment menu. Repeat step 5, moving faster this time. 7. Sketch the graph produced on the screen.
2 Questions: Part A Distance 1. Describe the difference between the two lines on the graph you made in Step 7. Explain why the lines are different. 2. How would the graph change if you walked toward the motion detector rather than away from it? Test your answer using the motion detector and then sketch it below. Procedure: Part B Distance 8. Open the file, 35b Graphing Your Motion. A position vs. time graph should appear on the screen. 9. Try to match the line by moving toward or away from the motion detector. Have everyone in your group try to match the broken line. Each person should sketch their own results. Questions: Part B Distance 3. What did you have to do to match the graph you were given in Step 8? 4. Sketch a position vs. time graph for a car that starts slowly, moves down the street, stops at the stop sign, and then starts slowly again. Procedure: Part C Velocity 10. Open the file, 35c Graphing Your Motion. A blank velocity vs. time graph should appear on the screen. The vertical axis will have the velocity scaled from -2 to 2 m/s. The horizontal axis will have time scaled from 0 to 3 seconds.
3 11. On the Experiment menu, choose Data Collection. You need to change the Sampling Ratio to 20 samples/second. Then click Done. 12. Have someone stand at the 1m mark on the tape line facing the motion detector and the computer screen. Click Collect, then slowly walk backwards away from the motion detector. 13. Choose Store Latest Run on the Experiment menu. Repeat Step 12, moving faster this time. 14. Sketch your graph. Questions: Part C Velocity 5. Describe the difference between the two lines on the graph made in Step 14. Explain why the lines are different. 6. What is the definition of velocity? Procedure: Part D Velocity 15. Open the file, 35d Graphing Your Motion. A velocity vs. time graph, with a line, should appear on the screen. 16. On the Experiment menu, choose Data Collection. You need to change the Sampling Ratio to 10 samples/second. 17. Try to match the line by moving toward or away from the motion detector. Have everyone in the group try to match the line. Each person in the group should sketch their own results.
4 Questions: Part D Velocity 7. What did you have to do to match the graph you were given in Step 15? How well does your graph agree with the graph provided? 8. Describe the acceleration part of your velocity vs. time graph. 9. Describe the deceleration part of your velocity vs. time graph. 10. What is acceleration? 11. Sketch a velocity vs. time graph for a person who walks, stops for a few seconds, and then starts to run. 12. Describe the motion needed to make this graph. You can check your answers using the motion detector. Position Time
5 13. Describe the motion needed to make this graph. You can check your answers using the motion detector. Velocity Time
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