Astronomy Ch. 11 Jupiter. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 11 Jupiter MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Jupiter is noticeably oblate because: A) it has a strong magnetic field. B) it has a mantle of liquid metallic hydrogen. C) it rotates rapidly. D) it has such powerful gravity. E) it undergoes a gravitational attraction from each of its various moons. 1) 2) How does the mass of Jupiter compare with that of the other planets? A) It is similar to that of the Earth and Venus. B) It is twice as massive as all other planets combined. C) It is slightly larger and more massive than Saturn. D) It is about a tenth the mass of the Sun. E) It is almost as massive as Saturn. 2) 3) How does the density of Jupiter compare to the terrestrial planets? A) It is denser than the Moon, but less dense than any of the others. B) Its density is less than any terrestrial. C) Its density is slightly less than Mercury, but more than Mars. D) It is denser than all the terrestrial planets combined. E) Its density is about the same as Mars. 3) 4) How was the rotation rate of Jupiter's core determined? A) by observing the fastest moving regions of Jupiter's equator B) by measuring the oblateness of Jupiter's disk C) by observing the Great Red Spot D) by watching Io move across the disk of Jupiter E) by radio observations of Jupiter's rapidly spinning magnetosphere 4) 5) What evidence do we have that Jupiter must have a substantial solid core under the thick clouds? A) Its magnetic field must be form by rotating molten iron, like our own. B) Occasional breaks in the clouds reveal a solid surface at times. C) Jupiter's disk is less oblate than it should be, if it were only hydrogen and helium. D) The Io flux tube goes straight down to Jupiter's iron core. E) Jupiter's disk is more oblate than it should be, suggesting it has a higher density. 5) 6) What is interesting about Jupiter's rotation period? A) It is the same as the Sun's. B) It is the fastest in the solar system. C) It is the same as its orbital period. D) It is the slowest in the solar system. E) It is the same as Earth's. 6) 1

2 7) Essentially, the Great Red Spot is A) composed primarily of iron oxide. B) traveling north and south across Jupiter's face. C) a large cyclonic storm (hurricane). D) always located within 10 degrees of Jupiter's north pole. E) Neptune's largest atmospheric feature. 7) 8) What is the name used to describe the dark bands encircling Jupiter? A) convection cells B) zones C) belts D) zonal flows E) brown stripes 8) 9) The most striking "cloudmark" in Jupiter's atmosphere is the: A) Brown Dwarf. B) Great Red Spot. C) Black Hole. D) Great Dark Spot. E) Cassini Division. 9) 10) What is the probable source of the day-to-day variations in Jupiter's belts and zones? A) differential rotation and the underlying zonal flow B) convection of cool ammonia ice upward C) Jupiter's huge magnetosphere D) oblateness due to low density E) thermonuclear fusion 10) 11) The first spacecraft to drop a weather probe into Jupiter's atmosphere was: A) Global Surveyor. B) Cassini. C) Voyager 2. D) Viking 1. E) Galileo. 11) 12) The white zones of Jupiter are probably made of: A) hydrogen sulfide. B) ammonia ice. C) dry ice. D) water ice. E) phosphorus. 12) 13) The reason the jovian planets lost very little of their original atmosphere is due to their A) large mass. B) strong magnetic fields. C) ring systems. D) rapid rotation. E) many moons. 13) 2

3 14) The only spacecraft to go into orbit around Jupiter was: A) Voyager 2. B) Pioneer 10. C) Galileo. D) Cassini. E) Viking I. 14) 15) The Galileo mission put a spacecraft into orbit around Jupiter. Which statement about that spacecraft is true? A) The spacecraft's probe measured windspeeds in Jupiter's atmosphere. B) A probe was released which soft landed on Io. C) The spacecraft crashed into the moon Europa. D) A saltwater ocean was discovered on Jupiter. E) Intense magnetic fields were discovered in the asteroid belt. 15) 16) The belts of Jupiter are best described as follows: A) regions of upward moving material and high pressure. B) turbulent regions with no organized circulation pattern. C) regions of downward moving material and low pressure. D) regions of upward moving material and low pressure. E) regions of downward moving material and high pressure 16) 17) Together which two gases make up 99% of Jupiter's atmosphere? A) Hydrogen and Helium B) Ammonia and Methane C) Hydrogen and Ammonia D) Water Vapor and Methane E) Helium and Ammonia 17) 18) Which of these spacecraft did not go to Jupiter? A) Voyager 2 B) Mariner 9 C) Galileo D) Cassini E) Voyager I 18) 19) Alternating zones of rising and sinking gas in Jupiter's atmosphere A) create light and dark bands. B) generate their own magnetic fields. C) cause Jupiter's magnetic field to ripple. D) circle the planet from pole to pole. E) produced the ring system discovered by Voyager. 19) 20) How does the heat Jupiter radiates compare to the energy it receives from the Sun? A) Jupiter radiates back into space about twice the energy it gets from the Sun. B) Jupiter's dark belts absorb most of the solar radiation, so it is cooler in the infrared. C) Jupiter is a brown dwarf, about a hundred times less luminous than the Sun. D) They are equal, as you would expect for a highly reflective planet. E) Jupiter is a red dwarf, about a tenth the Sun's luminosity. 20) 3

4 21) What is the source of Jupiter's nonthermal radio radiation? A) thermonuclear fusion in Jupiter's core B) the gravitational attraction of Jupiter's moons C) the Great Red Spot D) charged particles moving in a magnetic field E) metallic hydrogen swirling in the planet's interior 21) 22) What is the source of Jupiter's excess energy? A) helium rain falling through its interior B) the slow escape of gravitational energy released during the planet's formation C) the tidal stresses of the large Galilean moons D) the decay of radioactive elements in its dense core E) nuclear fusion in its hot, sunlike core of hydrogen 22) 23) What would Jupiter have needed to have become a star? A) a slower rotation, like the Sun B) a higher density C) more mass D) more moons E) a different chemical composition 23) 24) What is thought to lie at the center of Jupiter? A) gaseous hydrogen and helium, for Jupiter is not differentiated like Earth B) a solid core of crystalline helium C) a fusion core like the Sun's, with hydrogen being turned into helium D) a massive core of rocky materials with some iron mixed in E) a hot sea of liquid metallic hydrogen 24) 25) Jupiter gives back into space twice the energy it gets from the distant Sun. Where is this energy coming from, for the most part? A) the radioactive decay of U-238 in its iron-rich core, just as with the earth B) the slow escape of gravitational energy left from its formation C) the impact energy of comets like SL-9 D) the combined tidal stress of all four large Galilean moons E) helium rain descending into its mantle and core 25) 26) What is true of Jupiter's magnetosphere? A) It has a tail that extends at least to Saturn's orbit. B) It does not trap protons and electrons, as Earth's Van Allen belts do. C) It is only slightly stronger than Saturn's. D) Although its surface field is greater, since the planet is larger the total field is actually weaker than Earth's. E) It is most extensive on the sunward side of the planet. 26) 27) What is the source of Jupiter's intense radio waves and magnetism? A) liquid metallic hydrogen swirling in the rapidly spinning mantle B) the auroral displays in the polar regions, just like with the earth C) a liquid iron and nickel outer core, just like the earth's magnetic field D) charged particles trapped in Jupiter's solid iron core similar to Earth E) the ionized sulfur ejected into a torus around Jupiter by Io 27) 4

5 28) Compared to its rotational axis, Jupiter's magnetic field: A) is tilted 98 degrees, much like the case of Uranus. B) is tilted about 23.5 degrees, much like our own axial tilt. C) lies about 10 degrees off, much like our own rotation and magnetic field. D) is exactly in alignment. E) has yet to be detected. 28) 29) How large is Jupiter's magnetosphere? A) It envelopes even the Sun and rest of the solar system. B) It extends inward to the orbit of Mars. C) It is a million times the volume of the Earth's, extending beyond the orbit of Saturn. D) It is about as large as the Earth's. E) It is so large it extends out to the orbit of Io. 29) 30) What do our magnetic field and Jupiter's share? A) fields that extend inward all the way to the Sun B) fields that extend outward past Pluto C) similar field strength D) auroral displays in the polar regions E) same polarity 30) 31) How does the magnetic tilt of Jupiter compare with our field? A) Jupiter's lies perpendicular to the ecliptic, while ours is tilted 23.5 degrees. B) Both are exactly perpendicular to our equator, aligned with our rotation axis. C) Both are tilted about 10 degrees, but Jupiter is opposite in polarity. D) Both are tilted about 27 degrees, much like Saturn's. E) Like Uranus, Jupiter is flopped over on its side. 31) 32) What is thought to be the cause of Io's volcanoes? A) radioactive decay in Io's interior B) Jupiter's gravity and the heat it creates C) Jupiter's magnetosphere and its charged particles D) tidal stresses from both Jupiter and Europa E) solar radiation focused by Jupiter's gravity 32) 33) Which of the Galilean moons is the densest and most geologically active? A) Europa B) Io C) Titan D) Callisto E) Ganymede 33) 34) What is the origin of the jovian moons? A) They all formed with the planet. B) They are Trojan asteroids, orbiting 60 degrees ahead or behind Jupiter. C) They were main belt asteroids, captured by Jupiter's strong gravity. D) The four Galilean moons formed with Jupiter, most others were later captures. E) They were ripped from the planet's interior in an early cataclysmic event. 34) 5

6 35) The surface of which jovian moon most resembles the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean? A) Io B) Europa C) Callisto D) Amalthea E) Ganymede 35) 36) Of the Galilean satellites, which has the oldest, most heavily cratered surface? A) Io B) Titan C) Europa D) Ganymede E) Callisto 36) 37) What spacecraft was intentionally destroyed in 2003 so that it could not hit Europa? A) Voyager 2 B) Galileo C) Cassini D) Huygens E) Pioneer 11 37) 38) Of the Galilean moons, the one with striking grooved terrain and icy tectonic features as well as older craters is: A) Callisto. B) Ganymede. C) Io. D) Amalthea. E) Europa. 38) 39) Which of the jovian moons is the largest and also the largest moon in the solar system, even bigger than Mercury? A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Umbriel D) Triton E) Callisto 39) 40) What is the major component of Io's volcanic flows? A) sulfur and its compounds B) basaltic lava, like the lunar mare C) iron oxide, as on Mars D) liquid nitrogen, like the eruptions of Triton E) carbon dioxide and water vapor, as with our eruptions 40) 6

7 41) Why is Galileo Regio, the large circular feature on Ganymede, so dark? A) It is the result of ultraviolet light from the Sun interacting with the ice and creating a substance that is quite dark. B) It has an asphalt-like material that is like the dark side of Iapetus of Saturn. C) It is composed of dense basaltic mantle rock that once flowed like lunar mare. D) It is the site of a recent meteorite impact that scattered a lot of dark, rocky material. E) It is the result of micrometeorite dust settling onto it over several billion years. 41) 42) Which three Galilean moons were found by Galileo to have weak, changing magnetic fields? A) Titan, Callisto, and Amalthea B) Io, Europa, and Ganymede C) Io, Europa, and Callisto D) Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto E) Io, Amalthea, and Ganymede 42) 43) In size, from largest to smallest, the correct order for the Galilean moons is: A) Callisto, Ganymede, Europa, Io. B) Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, Io. C) Ganymede, Callisto, Io, Europa. D) Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede. E) Europa, Ganymede, Io, Callisto. 43) 44) Which statement about Jupiter's moons is FALSE? A) Almost all appear to keep the same face always pointed at Jupiter as they orbit it. B) New ones are constantly being discovered. C) The four largest were found by Galileo. D) Some of the smaller ones are, like Deimos and Phobos of Mars, probably captured asteroids. E) All have counterclockwise revolution around the giant planet. 44) 45) Which of the four Galilean moons is not differentiated? A) Io B) Callisto C) Ganymede D) Europa E) None of the above. All the moons are differentiated. 45) 46) Which two satellites of Jupiter are considered "fraternal twins"? A) Ganymede and Callisto B) Io and Europa C) Io and Callisto D) Europa and Callisto E) Europa and Ganymede 46) 47) Where is Jupiter's ring located? A) above Jupiter's cloud tops and inside the orbit of its inner-most moon B) between the orbit of the inner-most moon and the orbit of Io C) sharing the orbit of Amalthea D) in a thin ring at the distance of Io but inclined by an angle of about 30 degrees to Io's orbit E) between the orbits of Io and Europa 47) 7

8 48) One of the discoveries made by the Voyager probes while near Jupiter was A) the absence of a magnetic field around the giant planet. B) each of the four large moons produces a strong magnetic field. C) a thin ring of dust around the equator. D) that the Great Red Spot is uniform and featureless. E) Io has a featureless surface that never changes. 48) 49) Which of the following discoveries was NOT made by Voyager 1 or 2? A) Jupiter's moons are as varied as the surfaces of the terrestrial planets. B) Jupiter's Great Red Spot is characterized by swirling patterns much like a hurricane. C) Jupiter has an encircling ring. D) Jupiter has cloud bands in its upper atmosphere. E) Jupiter's magnetosphere extends beyond the orbit of Saturn. 49) 50) Which statement about Jupiter's rings is false? A) They lie in the planet's equatorial plane. B) They lie closer to Jupiter than Io's orbit. C) They are made of ice, like Saturn's. D) They may be made in part of material from Metis and Adrastea. E) They are made of dark dusty particles. 50) 8