PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 1

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1 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 1 1 The angle between the rotation axis of a planet and the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit is called its axial tilt. Which of these planets has an axial tilt that is less than one degree? a. Mercury. b. Uranus. c. Mars. d. Saturn. e. Earth. 2 Jupiter has the most mass of any planet in our Solar System and is also the largest planet. Objects that have still more mass than Jupiter and are not stars are usually a. about the same size as Jupiter. b. larger than Jupiter. c. smaller than Jupiter. 3 In Newton s theory of gravity, everything is attracted a. only to the Sun. b. only to massive heavenly objects such as the Sun, Moon, planets, and the Earth. c. to every other object in the universe. d. to the center of the universe. e. only to the center of the Earth. 4 The Van Allen Belts are a. where Earth s magnetic eld traps charged particles from the Sun. b. where the Earth s magnetic eld exactly balances its gravitational eld. c. regions where large numbers of asteroids orbit the Earth. d. ionosphere currents that help sustain the Earth s magnetic eld. 5 Which of the following objects has a magnetic eld whose origin is not explained by any currently accepted model? a. Venus b. Mercury c. Saturn d. Uranus e. Jupiter 6 The number of moons of Mercury is a. 0 b. at least 62 c. 1 d. 4 e. 2 7 As of 2013, how many space probes have own past Uranus? a. 2. b. 1. c. 3. d. 0. e. 4.

2 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 2 8 Which of the following was the spacecraft that operated in Mars orbit for nine years, nding traces of water and an early magnetic eld? a. Mars Global Surveyor b. Viking orbiter 2 c. Surveyor 1 d. Viking orbiter 1 e. Mariner 9 9 The rst spacecraft to put a lander on Titan was a. Galileo. b. Mariner 9. c. Pioneer 11. d. Ulysses. e. Cassini-Huygens. 10 A model in which the Moon forms by breaking away from the Earth would predict that the Moon s orbit should be a. somewhat tilted relative to the plane of the Earth s equator. b. in the plane of the Earth s equator. c. in the plane of the ecliptic. d. perpendicular to the plane of the Earth s equator. 11 The absence of a magnetic eld of Venus is a. surprising because the planet rotates so quickly. b. surprising because the planet rotates so slowly. c. as expected because the planet rotates so slowly. d. evidence against the current theory of how such elds are generated. e. as expected because the planet rotates so quickly. 12 Satellites such as the International Space Station orbit above most of the Earth s atmosphere because a. there is no air friction to slow the satellite down. b. gravity does not extend beyond the atmosphere, so there is no gravity to pull the satellite down. c. then the top of the atmosphere can support the satellite. d. it avoids creating sonic booms that would annoy people. 13 The Lunar Maria are actually a. the original lunar surface. b. oceans of water. c. ancient lava ows. d. ancient dust storms. e. oceans of carbon disul de. 14 Which of the following objects would be most likely to have a long elliptical orbit that takes it from far outside the orbit of Mars to a close approach to the Sun? a. planet. b. comet. c. asteroid.

3 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 3 15 Most Kuiper Belt objects can best be described as a. dirty snowballs or possibly ying icebergs. b. small stars or possibly large moons. c. ying rocks or possibly ying mountains. d. ying lakes or possibly ying oceans. 16 Path nder was the rst a. to use ion drive rockets for planetary exploration. b. Mars lander. c. Mars orbiter. d. to use airbags to land on Mars. 17 The moon Ganymede is a. larger than the planet Mercury but smaller than the planet Mars. b. larger than the planet Mars but smaller than the planet Earth. c. smaller than Earth s Moon. d. larger than the planet Earth. e. larger than Earth s Moon but smaller than the planet Mercury. 18 When Galileo dropped a wooden ball and a heavier iron ball at the same time, he was expecting that a. the wooden ball would always hit long before the iron one. b. sometimes the wooden ball would hit rst, sometimes the iron one would hit rst. c. the iron ball would always hit long before the wooden one. d. both balls would always hit at exactly the same time. 19 The density of water is 1000kg/m 3 while the density of rock is 3000kg/m 3. Which of the following values is a plausible value for the density of a Jovian planet? a. 10,000kg/m 3 b. 5000kg/m 3 c. 3000kg/m 3 d. 700kg/m 3 20 On the present surface of Mars, water has been con rmed to exist a. as small, long-lasting streams of liquid water. b. nowhere at all. The planet is completely dry. c. as oceans. d. as ice at the poles and water vapor in the atmosphere. 21 The Moon rotates on its axis so that it always keeps a. the same side (its dark side) pointed away from the Sun. b. the same side toward a particular distant star. c. the same side (its far side) pointed away from the Earth. 22 A large vortex or hurricane on Jupiter has been named a. The Red Storm. b. The Great Red Spot. c. The Great Dark Spot. d. Jove s Eye.

4 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 4 23 Which of the following planets or moons has an atmosphere consisting mainly of Hydrogen and Helium? a. Titan b. Uranus c. Saturn d. Venus 24 A book, weighing 10 Newtons, sits on a table. Which of the following pairs of forces is an action-reaction pair? a. The force of gravity on the book and the force that the book exerts on the table. b. The force that the book exerts on the table and the force of gravity on the table. c. The force of gravity on the book and the force of gravity on the table. d. The force that the book exerts on the table and the force that the table exerts on the book. e. The force of gravity on the book and the force that the table exerts on the book. 25 A planet with a large system of moons would have to be a 26 Venus a. Jovian Planet. b. terrestrial planet. c. Kuiper Belt object. a. has a solar day that lasts for three complete orbits around the Sun. b. has a solar day that lasts for two complete orbits around the Sun. c. has a solar day that is very close to an Earth day in length. d. rotates backwards so that the Sun rises in the West. e. always keeps the same side toward the Sun so that solar time never changes. 27 Suppose that a spacecraft is in a roughly circular orbit near the surface of the Earth, moving at around 5 miles per second. Suppose the spacecraft ips over backwards and res its rocket engine to slow its speed to 4.96 miles per second. The spacecraft will then a. follow an ellipse that rises a bit and then descends again. b. follow an ellipse that descends a bit and then rises again. c. escape from the Earth. d. coast down to a slightly lower circular orbit. 28 The capture theory, in which our Moon forms separately and is captured by the Earth, enjoyed a brief popularity when computer models showed that such a capture would have been possible. a. The capture theory was dropped because it predicts that the Moon should orbit in the plane of the Earth s equator and it does not. b. The capture theory is still the accepted model for the formation of the Moon. c. The capture theory was dropped because it predicts that the Moon should not have a large iron core and it does. d. The capture theory was dropped because it predicts that the Moon should have hydrated rocks and it does not. 29 The temperature on Neptune is a. much hotter than anywhere on Earth. b. Similar to a cold day in Antarctica. c. Much colder than anywhere on Earth. d. Similar to Rochester New York.

5 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 5 30 What total force will cause an object with a mass of 0.5kg to gain 100 meters per second every second? a. 490 Newtons. b. 50 Newtons. c. 5 Newtons. d. 100 Newtons. e. 9.8 Newtons. 31 Kepler s Laws of planetary motion were originally obtained by tting accurate observations. Newton explained those laws by a force that acts on each planet. The force that speci cally explains Keplers Laws a. attracts each planet to all the other planets. b. attracts each planet to the Sun. c. corresponds to the action of magnetic elds on each planet. d. repels each planet from the Sun. e. acts in the direction of each planet s motion. 32 The statement that the acceleration of an object is zero implies that the object a. moves along a straight path with constant speed. b. moves along a straight path but possibly not at constant speed. c. moves at constant speed but possibly along a curved path. d. could be changing speed if its path is not straight. 33 Suppose that you drop a wooden ball and an iron ball, both the exact same diameter, from the same height at the same time. Aristotle would predict that a. the wooden ball would hit rst on a short drop while the iron ball would hit rst on a long drop. b. both balls would hit the ground at exactly the same time. c. the iron ball would hit the ground long before the wooden ball. d. the wooden ball would hit just slightly before the iron one. e. the iron ball would hit just slightly before the wooden one. 34 The second space probe to reach the planet Mercury was a. Mariner 4. b. MESSENGER. c. Mariner 10. d. Pioneer 11. e. Pioneer For a planet to have substantial amounts of liquid water on its surface, it must have a. temperature above the triple point of water. b. atmospheric pressure exactly at the triple point of water. c. temperature between 0 C and 100 C. d. both temperature and atmospheric pressure at the triple point of water. e. atmospheric pressure above the triple point of water.

6 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 6 36 The inclination angle of a planet s rotation axis is de ned so that a planet that is rotating in the usual direction about an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of the solar system would have an inclination of 0, while a planet that is rotating in the opposite (retrograde) direction about an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of the solar system would have an inclination angle of 180. The inclination angle of the planet Neptune is closest to a b. 30. c. 0. d. 98. e Milankovich cycles refer to a. the regular shifting of the Earth s orbit. b. changes in the intensity of sunlight due to shifts in the atmosphere of the Sun and the Earth s rotation axis. c. changes in the intensity of sunlight due to shifts in both the Earth s orbit and rotation axis. d. changes in the intensity of sunlight due to shifts in the Earth s orbit. e. the regular shifting of the Earth s rotation axis. 38 Which of these planets has a solar day that is shorter than half an Earth day in length? a. Venus b. Mars c. Jupiter d. Uranus e. Mercury 39 Galileo was the original discoverer of a. Galileo s First Law of Motion. b. Kepler s First Law of Planetary Motion c. The Planet Uranus. d. Newton s First Law of Motion. e. The re ecting telescope. 40 Space probes often use gravitational slingshot maneuvers. The main purpose of these maneuvers is to a. change the direction and speed of the probe without using rockets. b. see more planets in a single trip. c. launch probes from Earth orbit without using rockets. d. arrive at the destination at the right time. 41 Which of these planets is the farthest from the Sun? a. Neptune b. Saturn c. Uranus d. Mars e. Jupiter

7 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 7 42 The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Mars is a. about 1% the surface pressure of Earth s atmosphere. b. essentially zero. c. about the same as the surface pressure of Earth s atmosphere. d. 90 times the surface pressure of Earth s atmosphere. 43 In Newton s Theory, all of the following statements are actually incorrect but one is a better approximation than the others. a. the Earth and Moon move around their center of mass, which, in turn, goes around the Sun. b. the Earth moves around the Moon which, in turn, goes around the Sun. c. the Moon moves around the Earth which, in turn goes around the Sun. d. the Earth and Sun move around their center of mass, which, in turn, goes around the Moon. 44 The force of gravity explains a. how objects fall on Earth but not how the tides work. b. how the tides work but not how lightning works. c. how planets move but not how objects fall on Earth. d. how the Sun shines but not how planets move. e. how objects fall on Earth but not how planets move. 45 Since the last Apollo mission to the Moon and the last Soviet LUNA sample-return mission a. spacecraft began to be sent there again starting in b. spacecraft began to be sent there again starting in c. spacecraft began to be sent there again starting in d. spacecraft began to be sent there again starting in e. there have been no spacecraft sent there at all. 46 The distance from the Earth to the Sun is a. 1/10 of an astronomical unit. b. 1/100 of an astronomical unit. c. 100 astronomical units. d. ten astronomical units. e. one astronomical unit. 47 Which of the following objects is the largest moon of Neptune? a. Triton b. Callisto c. Ganymede d. Titania e. Titan 48 Which of these planets has a solar day that is very close to an Earth day in length? a. Jupiter b. Venus c. Mars d. Saturn e. Mercury

8 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 8 49 The magnetic eld of Jupiter is a. lined up with the planet s rotation axis and o set from its center. b. tilted relative to the planet s rotation axis but not o set from its center. c. lined up with the planet s rotation axis and passing through its center. d. tilted relative to the planet s rotation axis and also o set from its center. 50 Which of the following planets or moons has an atmosphere with about 1.6 times the surface pressure of Earth s? a. Venus b. Mercury c. Mars d. Titan

9 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 9 Answer Key: Fall 2017 HX Choice a. (Mercury.) 2 Choice c. (smaller than Jupiter.) 3 Choice c. (to every other object in the universe.) 4 Choice a. (where Earth s magnetic eld traps charged particles from the Sun.) 5 Choice d. (Uranus) 6 Choice a. (0) 7 Choice b. (1.) 8 Choice a. (Mars Global Surveyor) 9 Choice e. (Cassini-Huygens.) 10 Choice b. (in the plane of the Earth s equator.) 11 Choice c. (as expected because the planet rotates so slowly.) 12 Choice a. (there is no air friction to slow the satellite down.) 13 Choice c. (ancient lava ows.) 14 Choice b. (comet.) 15 Choice a. (dirty snowballs or possibly ying icebergs.) 16 Choice d. (to use airbags to land on Mars.) 17 Choice a. (larger than the planet Mercury but smaller than the planet Mars.) 18 Choice d. (both balls would always hit at exactly the same time.) 19 Choice d. (700kg/m 3 ) 20 Choice d. (as ice at the poles and water vapor in the atmosphere.) 21 Choice c. (the same side (its far side) pointed away from the Earth.) 22 Choice b. (The Great Red Spot.) 23 Choice c. (Saturn) 24 Choice d. (The force that the book exerts on the table and the force that the table exerts on the book.) 25 Choice a. (Jovian Planet.) 26 Choice d. (rotates backwards so that the Sun rises in the West.) 27 Choice b. (follow an ellipse that descends a bit and then rises again.) 28 Choice d. (The capture theory was dropped because it predicts that the Moon should have hydrated rocks and it does not.) 29 Choice c. (Much colder than anywhere on Earth.) 30 Choice b. (50 Newtons.) 31 Choice b. (attracts each planet to the Sun.) 32 Choice a. (moves along a straight path with constant speed.) 33 Choice c. (the iron ball would hit the ground long before the wooden ball.) 34 Choice b. (MESSENGER.) 35 Choice e. (atmospheric pressure above the triple point of water.)

10 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: Choice b. (30.) 37 Choice c. (changes in the intensity of sunlight due to shifts in both the Earth s orbit and rotation axis.) 38 Choice c. (Jupiter) 39 Choice d. (Newton s First Law of Motion.) 40 Choice a. (change the direction and speed of the probe without using rockets.) 41 Choice a. (Neptune) 42 Choice a. (about 1% the surface pressure of Earth s atmosphere.) 43 Choice a. (the Earth and Moon move around their center of mass, which, in turn, goes around the Sun.) 44 Choice b. (how the tides work but not how lightning works.) 45 Choice b. (spacecraft began to be sent there again starting in 1990.) 46 Choice e. (one astronomical unit.) 47 Choice a. (Triton) 48 Choice c. (Mars) 49 Choice b. (tilted relative to the planet s rotation axis but not o set from its center.) 50 Choice d. (Titan)

11 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 11 Where to find these questions in the notes 1 *Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Mercury Surface (38%) 2 Module g01 The Jovian Planets Jupiter Surface 3 EModule g01 Science Models of Gravity Universal Gravitation 4 Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Earth Magnetic Field 5 Module The Jovian Planets Uranus Magnetic Field 6 Module The Terrestrial Planets Mercury Moons 7 Module g01 The Jovian Planets Uranus Space Probes 8 *Module The Terrestrial Planets Mars Space Probes (35%) 9 Module The Jovian Planets Saturn Space Probes 10 ***Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Moon Oddities of the Moon Formation of the Moon (27%) 11 Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Venus Magnetic Field 12 Module g01 Science Models of Gravity Arti cial Satellites 13 Module The Terrestrial Planets Moon Surface Features 14 Module Solar System Overview Comets 15 Module Solar System Overview The Kuiper Belt 16 Module The Terrestrial Planets Mars Space Probes 17 Module g01 The Jovian Planets Jupiter Moons 18 Module Science Models of Motion The Universality of Free Fall 19 Module Solar System Overview The Jovian Planets 20 Module The Terrestrial Planets Mars Surface 21 Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Moon Orbit and Rotation 22 Module The Jovian Planets Jupiter Surface 23 Module The Jovian Planets Saturn Surface (46%) 24 Module Science Models of Motion Action and Reaction 25 Module Solar System Overview The Jovian Planets 26 Module The Terrestrial Planets Venus Orbit and Rotation 27 Module g01 Science Models of Gravity Arti cial Satellites 28 Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Moon Oddities of the Moon Formation of the Moon 29 Module The Jovian Planets Neptune Surface 30 Module g02 Science Models of Motion Force and Mass F=ma 31 **Module g01 Science Models of Gravity Unifying Physical Law(30%) 32 Module g01 Science Models of Motion Acceleration 33 Module Science Models of Motion Aristotle 34 **Module The Terrestrial Planets Mercury Space Probes (32%) 35 ***Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Earth Surface (20%) 36 Module g01 The Jovian Planets Neptune Orbit and Rotation

12 PHYS101 Sec 001 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: Module The Terrestrial Planets Earth Orbit and Rotation 38 Module The Jovian Planets Jupiter Orbit and Rotation 39 Module g01 Science Models of Motion Force and Mass 40 Module The Terrestrial Planets Mercury Space Probes 41 Module Solar System Overview The Big Picture 42 Module g01 The Terrestrial Planets Mars Surface (42%) 43 Module g01 Science Models of Gravity Making New Predictions 44 Module Science Models of Gravity Unifying Physical Law 45 Module The Terrestrial Planets Moon Space Probes 46 Module Solar System Overview The Big Picture 47 Module The Jovian Planets Neptune Moons 48 Module The Terrestrial Planets Mars Orbit and Rotation 49 Module g01 The Jovian Planets Jupiter Magnetic Field 50 *Module The Jovian Planets Saturn Moons (40%)