UNIT 1.- NATURAL NUMBERS. Maths teacher: Susana Vázquez PROFESOR TIERNO GALVÁN SECONDARY SCHOOL ( LA RAMBLA)
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1 UNIT 1.- NATURAL NUMBERS Maths teacher: Susana Vázquez PROFESOR TIERNO GALVÁN SECONDARY SCHOOL ( LA RAMBLA)
2 TYPES OF NUMERAL SYSTEMS PRIMITIVE MAN NUMERAL SYSTEM EGYPTIAN NUMERAL SYSTEM ROMAN NUMERAL SYSTEM DECIMAL SYSTEM
3 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF NUMBERS The numbers come from the need to count things. When society evolves, it becomes necessary to express in larger numbers. For that reason, we had to invent symbols. The symbols used by a culture and its forms of use are called numeral system.
4 PRIMITIVE MAN NUMERAL SYSTEM It is an additive numeral system because the symbols are added to complete the necessary quantity. With these symbols the numbers one, five and twenty are represented. I
5 EGYPTIAN NUMERAL SYSTEM It is an additive numeral system because the symbols are added to complete the necessary quantity. The Egyptians used these symbols:
6 ROMAN NUMERAL SYSTEM The romans used these symbols but, they were used in an additive form, except for writing, 4, 9, 40, 90,...
7 DECIMAL SYSTEM 9 th 8 th 7 th 6 th 5 th 4 th 3rd 2 nd 1 st Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Position Hundred millons Ten millons Millons Hundred thousands Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones HMi TMi Mi HT TT TH H T O Ten ones are tens. Ten tens are one hundred. Ten hundreds are one thousand. Ten thousands are one ten thousand. Ten ten thousands are one hundred thousand. Ten hundred thousands are one million. Ten millions are one ten million. Ten tens of million are one hundred million.
8 THE VALUE OF THE POSITIONS
9 What is a ten? Ten ones are tens
10 What is a one hundred? Ten tens are one hundred.
11 What is a one thousand? Ten hundreds are one thousand.
12 What is a one ten thousand? 10.OOO 10.OOO Ten thousands are one ten thousand.
13 What is a one hundred thousand? Ten ten thousands are one hundred thousand.
14 What is a one million? Ten hundred thousands are one million.
15 What is a one ten million? Ten millions are one ten million.
16 What is a one hundred million? Ten tens of million are one hundred million.
17 CLASSIFICATIONS OF NUMBERS The natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,.. The whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,. OBSERVATION: The whole numbers are all the natural numbers and number zero.
18 OPERATIONS
19 The Basic Operations with whole numbers In basic mathematics there are many ways of saying the same thing. Symbol Words Used + Add, Addition, Sum, Plus, Total - Subtract, Subtraction, Minus, Difference, Take Away Multiply, Multiplication, Product, By, Times Divide, Division, Quotient, Goes Into, How Many Times
20 We are going to ADD, SUBSTRACT, MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE
21 ADDITION: Here we illustrate the important words. Let's take the simple problem of add 43 to 23. The total is 66.
22 SUBSTRACTION: Here we illustrate the important words. Let's take the simple problem of subtract 23 from 43. The difference is 20.
23 MULTIPLICATION: Here we illustrate the important words: Let's take the simple problem of multiply 13 by 7. The product is 81
24 DIVISION: Division has its own special words to remember. Here we illustrate the important words: Let's take the simple problem of dividing 22 by 5. The answer is 4, with 2 left over.
25
26
27 Order of Operations
28 The order of operations will allow you to solve this problem the right way. The order is this: 1.- Parenthesis 2.- Multiplication and Division 3.- Addition and Subtraction.
29 Always perform the operations inside a parenthesis first. After that, do all the multiplication and division from left to right, and lastly do all the addition and subtraction from left to right.
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