The Future of Radio Astronomy. Karen O Neil
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1 The Future of Radio Astronomy Karen O Neil
2 The Present Arecibo Telescope 305m diameter dish GHz 7-pixel FPA ( GHz) -01⁰ < δ < 38⁰ Resolution : 15 (0.3 GHz) 0.4 (10 GHz) 60% of astronomy time is being used for surveys (ALFA)
3 The Present The GBT 100m diameter dish GHz 7-pixel FPA (18-26 GHz) 64-pixel bolometer array -45⁰ < δ < 90⁰ Resolution: 13 (0.1 GHz) 6 (100 GHz) 35% efficiency at 90 GHz
4 The Present The EVLA 27 antennas, 25m diameter dishes 1-50 GHz -45⁰ < δ < 90⁰ Resolution: 13 (74 MHz, D-config) (45 GHz, A-config)
5 The Present Other Telescopes (an incomplete list) Telescope Diameter Freq Range Efflesburg 100m GHz Efflesburg, Germany Nançay 20m-40m (10 panels) GHz Nançay, France Lovell 76m GHz Jodrell Bank, England Parkes 64m GHz New South Wales, Australia Nobeyama 45m GHz Nobeyama, Japan GMRT 30 x 45m GHz Pune, India IRAM 30m 30m GHz Pico Velata, Spain Westerbork 14 x 25m GHz Westerbork, Netherlands ATCA 6 x 22m GHz New South Wales, Australia Plateu de Bure 6 x 15m GHz Plateau de Bure, France Nobeyama Array 6 x 10m GHz Nobeyama, Japan
6 The Future Camera Development Traditional Feed Horn Arrays Integrated feed designs will allow for 100s of pixels with wide bandwidth Cooled designs will be competitive with existing receivers Challenges: Hardware integration vs. access to components Signal processing (A/D converters & backend processing costs) Data issues - processing costs, visualization, archiving Requires generational improvement over existing systems
7 The Future Camera Development Phased Array Feeds Potential for many 100s pixels on the sky Could allowed for steered beams, improved RFI excision Cooled designs will be competitive with existing receivers Can potentially pack many more beams onto telescope Challenges: First cooled PAF not yet in operation* Signal processing costs will limit bandwidth and beams Data issues - processing costs, visualization, archiving First cooled PAFs should be here soon!
8 The Future Camera Development Bolometer Arrays Potential for many 1000s pixels on the sky Extremely sensitive technology New designs should ne significantly more sensitive Challenges: Reaching sensitivity limits extremely difficult No system yet exists which consistently meets theory
9 Wideband receivers The Future Specialty Instruments Ku receiver for Galactic Center pulsar Search L/S receiver for pulsar search and timing Specialty backends Etc FPGA backends for pulsar timing Analog receiver for 14 GHz bandwidth CO search
10 FAST: New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays Five hundred metre Astronomical Spherical Telescope Built in southwest China Coming online 2016 Up to 5 GHz Innovative design Inner 300m for observing
11 New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays LMT (Large Millimatre Telescope) 32m diameter now; 50m eventually In Puebla, Mexico GHz range First proposal call very soon
12 New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays ALMA (Atacama Large Millimetre Array) GHz (eventually) In Atacama Desert, Chile Main Array: 50 x 12m antennas + Total Power Array 4 x 12m + Atacama Compact Array (ACA): smaller array of 12 x 7m antennas Early science call (16 telescopes) out!
13 MeerKAT 64, 13.5m telescopes GHz In Karoo, South Africa New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays KAT-7 now online and working! Complete by 2018
14 New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder) 36, 12m antenna GHz (eventually to 2.5 GHz) Planned completion in 2013 In Western Australia
15 New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays SKA (Square Kilometre Array) International partnership between 67 organisations in 20 countries 3, 000 dish antennas, each about 15 m wide + two other types of aperture array antennas + five spiral arms extending to distances of at least km from the centre of the array Construction 2016, full science 2024
16 Arecibo? New Telescopes Single Dish and Arrays Green Bank Observatory North American Array Combination of existing & new telescopes in the northern hemisphere Works from ~1 50+ GHz, filling in frequencies above SKA Will require new/refurbished telescopes and systems Can be started immediately Very Large Array (Socorro, New Mexico)
17 The Future of Radio Astronomy is very bright Single dish telescopes with cameras will provide major leap in science research Fantastic new arrays being built Possibility of SKA Increased interest, funding for radio astronomy New telescopes and improved instrumentation Possibility of very high resolution and sensitivity telescopes through SKA
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