The Promise of Herschel

Transcription

1 The Promise of Herschel European Week of Astronomy and Space Science with RAS NAM 2009 and EAS JENAM 2009 University of Hertfordshire, April 2009 Göran L. Pilbratt Herschel Project Scientist Herschel Science Centre, European Space Agency Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 1

2 Herschel in a nutshell ESA cornerstone observatory PI supplied science instruments/iccs ~1/3 guaranteed time, ~2/3 open time HSC and NHSC FIR/submm (55-672!m) space facility first large aperture space IR observatory bridges the " gap space/ground 3 novel focal plane science instruments >3 years routine operational lifetime 6600 hours science per year Unique and complementary for " < 200!m larger aperture than cryogenically cooled telescopes larger field of view than interferometers KP AO process concluded ~½ nominal observing time allocated In Kourou since 12 Feb 2009 launcher Ariane 5 ECA with Planck launch date May 2009 (TBA) Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 2

3 IRAS (1983) 57 cm Infrared/submm space missions ISO ( ) 60 cm Spitzer ( ) 85 cm +5 years warm SWAS ( , 2005) 55x71 cm GHz (5 lines) Odin ( ) 1.1 m & 119 GHz AKARI ( ) 67 cm +3 years warm Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 3

4 Large telescope What Herschel adds 3.5 m diameter, diffraction limited at 80!m, angular resolution ~7 /100!m as seen from space IR: but warm as seen from submm: but small New spectral window !m bridging IR & submm Novel instruments broadband photometry in 70, 100, 160, 250, 350, & 500!m bands grating spectroscopy in !m FTS spectroscopy in !m single pixel heterodyne spectroscopy in & !m bands Expected cryostat lifetime ~ 4 years would provide 3.5x6600=23,000 hours Open to worldwide community Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 4

5 Herschel spectral coverage The Cool Universe ~50% of the energy and most photons are in the IR relatively poorly studied Herschel covers the peak of the SED do physics Herschel spectral emission black-bodies 5-50 K continuum radiation dust grains (re-)radiating reprocessed UV/optical/NIR emission Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 5

6 Herschel spectral coverage Herschel covers the peak of the SED do physics The Cool Universe ~50% of the energy and most photons are in the IR relatively poorly studied Herschel spectral emission gases 10-few100 K brightest atomic and molecular lines C + H 2 O Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 6

7 Spacecraft and science payload Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 7

8 Herschel telescope Cassegrain optics M1 diameter 3.5 m M2 is undersized (stop)! effective aperture 3.3 m WFE at the best focus <5!m at 70 K Encircled energy Mass 315 kg (~90% SiC) Predicted Operating temp predicted close to 80 K Gradients across M1 small Sun direction ~0.2 K Orthogonal ~0 K Gradient M1-M2 ~2 K Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 8

9 PACS PACS Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer PI: Albrecht Poglitsch, MPE, Garching, Germany Co-PI: Christoffel Waelkens, KU Leuven, Belgium Imaging photometry and spectroscopy over !m 2 bolometer arrays for photometry, 2 Ge:Ga arrays for spectroscopy 3-band imaging photometer "#$!m% FWHM (arcsec) "&'"# Simultaneous obs at 70/100 & 160!m 3.5 x 1.75 arcmin fully sampled FOV Imaging line grating spectrometer FOV (arcmin) fully sampled 0.8 x 0.8 " order 1,2, , 71-98, 55-73!m "/'" Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 9

10 SPIRE SPIRE Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver PI: Matt Griffin, U Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom Co-PI: Laurent Vigroux, CEA, Saclay, France Imaging photometry and spectro-photometry/-scopy over !m 3 bolometer arrays for photometry, 2 bolometer arrays for spectroscopy 3-band imaging photometer - 250, 350, 500!m (simultaneous) - "&'" ~ 3-4 x 8 arcminute field of view - Diffraction limited beams (17, 24, 35 ) Imaging Fourier Transf Spectrom , !m arcminute field of view - '( = cm -1 ("&'" ~ at 250!m) Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 10

11 HIFI HIFI Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared PI: Frank Helmich, SRON, Groningen, The Netherlands Co-PIs: Tom Phillips, Caltech, USA; Jürgen Stutzki, U Köln, Germany; Emmanuel Caux, CESR, France; and Thijs de Graauw, ALMA Very high resolution spectroscopy over and GHz SIS and HEB mixers, auto-correlator and AOS spectrometers Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 11

12 HIFI HIFI Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared PI: Frank Helmich, SRON, Groningen, The Netherlands Co-PIs: Tom Phillips, Caltech, USA; Jürgen Stutzki, U Köln, Germany; Emmanuel Caux, CESR, France; and Thijs de Graauw, SRON Very high resolution spectroscopy over and GHz SIS and HEB mixers, auto-correlator and AOS spectrometers Seven-channel heterodyne receiver Single pixel on sky (non-imaging) Frequency coverage: GHz ( !m) GHz ( !m) Frequency res. 140 khz - 1 MHz AOS & autocorrelator spectrom Instantaneous IF BW: 4/2.4 GHz Beam FWHM Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 12

13 Focal plane instruments Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 13

14 Spacecraft Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 14

15 Science capabilities Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 15

16 Herschel observing opportunities Herschel is an observatory Guaranteed and Open Time Open Time open to worldwide scientific community Standard competitive proposal procedure Routine science operations phase (36 months nominal) Approx 1000 days / hours of schedulable science time Guaranteed time programmes GT (32%) open for GT holders only Open time programmes OT (68%) including discretionary time and targets of opportunity open for all including GT holders Three Call for proposals (AO) cycles are foreseen one Call for Key Projects programmes only (GT and OT) concluded! two Calls for regular programmes (GT and OT) Each AO will be divided in two parts GT awarded first OT awarded after GT in same cycle Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 16

17 KP GT Approved proposals Submitted: h Approved: h KP OT Submitted: h Approved: h KP total Submitted: h Approved: h Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 17

18 Approved proposals by science areas Science category KP GT KP OT KP Total Proposals Hours Proposals Hours Proposals Hours Solar system ISM/Star formation Stars Galaxies/ AGNs Cosmology Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 18

19 Sky distribution of targets Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 19

20 Instrument use share Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 20

21 Current status - 2 Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 21

22 Current status - 2 Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 22

23 Current status - 2 Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 23

24 Current status Herschel is currently on the shaker x-axis (longitudinal vertical ) completed z-axis (transverse) completed yesterday y-axis activities ongoing low/intermediate levels today acceptance/low levels tomorrow Tap test Thursday Move back to Hydra Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 24

25 Herschel into LSS Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 25

26 Herschel in LSS Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 26

27 Herschel campaign in LSS Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 27

28 HIFI performance Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 28

29 PACS performance Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 29

30 SPIRE photometer performance example Typical observation - 30 /s scan speed - 30 x 30 arcmin - Cross-linked with 1 repeat 944 s on-source Instrument overheads = 651 s Slewing overhead = 180 s Total time = 1775 s (53% efficiency) Predicted 1-( sensitivities: - (10, 13, 11) mjy at (250, 350, 500)!m 30 x 30 arcmin map to confusion limit in ½ hour! Larger maps are more efficient! Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 30

31 Herschel to Schiphol Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 31

32 Herschel in Schiphol Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 32

33 Herschel in Kourou Cayenne 12 Feb 2009 Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 33

34 Herschel in Kourou the plan Cleaning and inspection of the telescope one of the first actions ACU (spacecraft interface adapter, provided by Arianespace) mechanical and electrical fit check Spacecraft and payload functional tests Herschel instruments declared ready for flight on 9 March! Hydrazine filling Helium filling & superfluid helium production Integration to launcher & final He top-up Launch! Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 34

35 Herschel to Kourou Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 35

36 Herschel to Kourou Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 36

37 Herschel in Kourou media Pre-launch media press trip arranged 2-5 March with ESA, industry, & instrument team reps Herschel launcher inspection in the BIL Following week moved to the BAF Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 37

38 Launch Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 38

39 Launch Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 39

40 H/P launch window Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 40

41 Launch Launch by Ariane 5 ECA with Planck from Kourou May 2009 (date TBA) 25 min: end powered flight 27 min: release Herschel 29 min: release SYLDA 32 min: release Planck Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 41

42 Operational orbit around L2 Sun, Earth, and Moon in the same direction in the sky Thermally favourable and stable environment Good access to the sky for observations Avoid Earth s radiation belts Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 42

43 Herschel in-flight Assuming a mid-may 2009 launch Post-launch timelines yet to be carved in stone but can assume something like: Mid-May mid-july: LEOP & Commissioning Mid-July mid-oct: Performance verification Optimising observing, data processing, and calibration Release of AOTs for SD & routine phases Mid-Oct end Nov: Science demonstration AOR & KP global updates as required End November: Start of routine science operations SDP workshop followed by next AO! Delivery of first public operational DP version Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 43

44 HSC website Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 44

45 Overview Herschel heritage Why the (far) infrared and submillimetre? Herschel in some detail from the perspective of an astronomer Observing opportunities More information and how to get involved Göran L. Pilbratt VG # 45