INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer ALL questions.

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1 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS INSTRUCTION: This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer ALL questions. ARAHAN: Bahaian ini menanduni EMAT (4) soalan berstruktur. Jawab SEMUA soalan. QUESTION SOALAN CLO C a) Define ressure and list THREE (3) types of tool for measurin pressure. Takrifkant tekanan serta senaraikan TIGA (3) alatan untuk penukuran tekanan. CLO C b) A hydraulic jack consists of a small and a lare cylinder with diameters of 5 mm and 00 cm respectiely. Determine the required force, F to equalize a load, W of 600 N. Sebuah hidraulik jek terdiri daripada silinder kecil dan besar yan berdiameter 5 mm dan 00 cm masin-masin. Tentukan daya, F yan diperlukan untuk menimbani beban, W seberat 600 N. CLO c) A differential U-tube manometer containin mercury is connected at two points distanced at 00 mm aboe water leel. The water pipe is inclined at an anle of 5 as shown in Diaram (c). U-tube manometer readin is at 60 mm of mercury. Calculate the difference in pressure between points A and B. Manometer tiub-u kebezaan menanduni merkuri bersambun di antara dua titik denan jarak 00 mm di atas aras air. aip air berkedudukan seron pada sudut 5 seperti di dalam Rajah (c). Bacaan manometer tiub-u merkuri adalah 60 mm. Hitunkan perbezaan tekanan di antara titik A dan B. SULIT

2 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS water 00 mm 5 0 water Mercury Diaram (c)/ Rajah (c) QUESTION SOALAN CLO C a) Define olume flow rate and mass flow rate. Write down their equations and SI unit respectiely. Takrifkan kadaralir isipadu kadaralir jisim. Tuliskan persamaan dan unit SI masinmasin CLO b) The main pipe A with a diameter of 50 mm flows oil with the flow rate QA = QB. The pipe is then split into pipes, where pipe B has a diameter of 95 mm and elocity of m/s. The other pipe C has a flow elocity of 0.6 m/s. Calculate:- aip utama A berdiameter 50 mm menalirkan minyak denan kadar aliran QA = QB. aip tersebut terbahai kepada, di mana paip B mempunyai diameter 95 mm dan 3 SULIT

3 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS mempunyai halaju m/s. Satu lai paip iaitu paip C yan mempunyai halaju 0.6 m/s. Kirakan:- i. Dischare in pipe B, A and C Keluaran di paip A, B dan C ii. Diameter pipe C Diameter paip C 50mm A 95mm m/s B 0.6 m/s C [ marks] [ markah] Diaram (b)/ Rajah (b) CLO c) An inclined enturi meter at 45 as shown in Diaram (c) below is used to measure the flow of oil in a diameter pipe d 00mm and the diameter of the throat is d 00mm. The difference between the throat and the entrance of the meter is measured by the U- tube containin mercury which is contact with the oil. Calculate the pressure difference and difference in the leel of mercury in the U-tube if the distance at the entrance and the throat is L m and the oil flowin in the pipe is of mercury is 3.6. ms. Assume specific raity Sebuah meter enturi menaik pada 45 0 seperti yan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah (c) di bawah diunakan untuk menukur aliran minyak di dalam paip yan berdiameter d=00mm dan mempunyai leher yan berdiameter d=00mm. erbezaan antara leher dan masukkan untuk meter diukur denan menunakan tiub-u yan menanduni merkuri yan mana ada bersentuhan denan minyak. Kirakan perbezaan tekanan dan perbezaan di dalam aras merkuri dalam tiub-u jika jarak pada masukkan hina leher ialah L=m dan minyak menalir di dalam paip ialah =ms -. Anapkan raiti tentu merkuri ialah SULIT

4 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS Diaram (c)/ Rajah (c) QUESTION 3 SOALAN 3 CLO C a) State FIVE (5) types of enery loss. Senaraikan LIMA (5) jenis kehilanan tenaa. CLO b) Water flows horizontally throuh a 360 mm diameter pipe with a elocity of.8 m/s. The pipe suddenly contracts to 0 mm in diameter. Find head loss in millimeter if coefficient of contraction, CC = 0.6. Air menalir secara mendatar melalui paip berdiameter 360 mm denan halaju.8 m/s. aip menecil secara mendadak kepada diameter 0 mm. Tentukan kehilanan tenaa dalam milimeter jika pekali pembesaran, Cc = SULIT

5 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS CLO c) Water flows from a reseroir to the pipe measurin 5 m in lenth and a diameter of 40 mm due to sharp inlet as shown in the Diaram 3(c) below. The pipe is suddenly enlared to 70 mm and a lenth of 5 m. Gien dischare is.8 x 0-3 m 3 /s and coefficient of friction for the both pipes are Calculate; Air menalir dari tanki ke paip denan panjan 5 m dan berdiameter 40 mm disebabkan bahaian sharp inlet seperti yan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3(c) di bawah. aip kemudiannya membesar secara mendadak kepada 70 mm dan panjan 5 m. Diberi kadaralir adalah.8 x 0-3 m 3 /s dan pekali eseran untuk kedua-dua paip ialah Hitunkan; i. Velocity at point, ii. iii. i Halaju pada titik, Velocity at point 3, 3 Halaju pada titik 3, 3 Head loss due to sharp inlet, hc Kehilanan tenaa disebabkan hujun tajam pada masukan, hc Head loss due to friction, hf3 Kehilanan tenaa disebabkan eseran, hf3 [.5 marks] [.5 markah] [.5 marks] [.5 markah]. Head loss due to sudden enlarement, hl3 i. Kehilanan tenaa disebabkan pembesaran mendadak, hl3 Head loss due to friction, hf34 Kehilanan tenaa disebabkan eseran, hf34 6 SULIT

6 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS Diaram 3(c)/ Rajah 3(C) QUESTION 4 SOALAN 4 CLO C a) Usin dimensional analysis, show that the equation ressure = Force/Area is homoeneous in both S.I unit and basic dimension Menunakan kaedah analisis dimensi, tunjukkan persamaan Tekanan = Daya/Luas adalah homoen dalam unit S.I dan dimensi asas. CLO b) A pipe bends throuh an anle of 90 0 in the horizontal plane. At the inlet, it has a cross sectional area of m and a aue pressure of 00 ka. At the exit, it has an area of m and a aue pressure of 700 ka. Calculate the ertical and horizontal forces due to the pressure only. Satu paip membenkok pada sudut ada masukkan, paip memiliki luas keratin rentas sebanyak m dan tekanan tolok sebanyak 00 ka. ada keluaran, paip memiliki luas keratin rentas sebanyak m dan tekanan tolok sebanyak 700 ka. Kirakan daya meneak dan mendatar yan disebabkan oleh tekanan sahaja. [8 marks] [8 markah] 7 SULIT

DG053: FLUID MECHANICS CLO c) Diaram 4(c) shows a reducin elbow is used to deflect water with mass flow at a rate of 4 k/s in a horizontal pipe upward 30 while acceleratin it.

7 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS CLO c) Diaram 4(c) shows a reducin elbow is used to deflect water with mass flow at a rate of 4 k/s in a horizontal pipe upward 30 while acceleratin it. The elbow dischares water into the atmosphere. The cross-sectional area of the elbow is 3 cm at the inlet and 7 cm at the outlet. The eleation difference between the centers of the outlet and the inlet is 30 cm. The weiht of the elbow and the water is considered to be neliible. Determine; Rajah 4(c) menunjukkan satu reducin elbow diunakan untuk memesonkan aliran jisim air pada kadar 4 k/s di dalam paip mendatar ke atas 30 dalam masa yan sama mempercepatkan alirannya. Elbow diunakan untuk melepaskan air ke atmosfera. ada masukan, luas keratan rentas Elbow ialah 3 cm dan 7 cm pada keluaran. erbezaan aras antara paksi masukan dan keluaran ialah 30 cm. Berat elbow dan air dalam paip boleh diabaikan. Tentukan; i. The aue pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow. Tekanan tolok di tenah-tenah bahaian masuk elbow. [6 marks] [6 markah] ii. The anchorin force needed to hold the elbow in place. Anchorin force diperlukan untuk memastikan elbow itu berada pada tempatnya. [6 marks] [6 markah] Diaram 4(c)/ Rajah 4(c) SOALAN TAMAT 8 SULIT

8 DG053: FLUID MECHANICS 9 SULIT LIST OF FORMULA DG053 FLUID MECHANICS FLUID DYNAMICS z z m H A C Q d actual ) ( ) ( z z m A C Q d actual Sub H Sub x H IE SYSTEMS Cc h C h i 0.5 d fl h f 4 V V h L V h o

JJ309 : FLUID MECHANICS

JJ309 : FLUID MECHANICS INSTRUCTION: This section consists of SIX (6) structured questions. Answer FOUR (4) questions only. ARAHAN: Bahagian ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan struktur. Jawab EMPAT (4) soalan sahaja. QUESTION 1