The Return of the Prodigal Son? Quarkonium Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Transcription

1 The Return of the Prodigal Son? Quarkonium Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions Thomas S. Ullrich (BNL) International Workshop on Heavy Quarkonia 2008 December 2-5, 2008 Nara, Japan The Return of the Prodigal Son Pompeo Batoni (1773)

2 The Phases of QCD T (MeV) KSTD Early Universe CHEN06 Crossover Critical Point QGP Quark Gluon Plasma A state of matter without color confinement that exhibits collective effects Vacuum Hadron Gas Nuclear Matter Color Superconductivity Color Flavor Locking Phase µ B (MeV) Lattice says crossover at µb = 0 Some discussion on methods to extract TC (175 TC/MeV 191) Lattice suggest the transition becomes 1st order at µb above the critical point (2 nd order at the CP) 2

3 The Phases of QCD T (MeV) KSTD Early Universe CHEN06 Crossover Critical Point QGP Quark Gluon Plasma A state of matter without color confinement that exhibits collective effects Vacuum Hadron Gas Nuclear Matter Color Superconductivity Color Flavor Locking Phase µ B (MeV) Need experiments to explore the phase diagram of QCD Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC create conditions sufficient to melt matter into a quark gluon plasma 2

4 The Phase Transition in the Laboratory Phase Transition/ Cross-Over Chemical Freeze-Out (inel. collisions cease) Thermal Freeze-Out (el. collisions cease) T c T ch T fo Collision preequilibrium QGP Hadron Gas! 0 time 3

5 The Phase Transition in the Laboratory Phase Transition/ Cross-Over Chemical Freeze-Out (inel. collisions cease) Thermal Freeze-Out (el. collisions cease) T c T ch T fo Collision preequilibrium QGP Hadron Gas! 0 time non-linear QCD, BK, Color Glass Condensate pqcd (LO, NLO) Non-perturbative QCD, Hydrodynamics Hadronic Models (RQMD, AMP) Statistical thermal models, Fragmentation Functions Gluon density in initial state? saturation phenomena initial state effects (shadowing, EMC) thermalization (how?) Hard Processes High-pt partons Heavy Flavor direct photons Collective Flow Color screening Jet quenching & medium response Chiral Symmetry Restoration mass shifts thermal radiation Particle formation Fragmentation Recombination / Coalescense Hadronic absorption Particle ratios Particle yields Hadrochemistry High-pT partons fragment jets 3

6 Energy Frontier History 1992 Au-Au Bevalac-LBL and SIS-GSI fixed target max. 2.2 GeV AGS-BNL fixed target max. 4.8 GeV E864/941, E802/859/866/917, E814/877, E858/878, E810/891, E896, E910 Nuclear Fragmentation Resonance Production Strangeness Near Threshold Resonances Dominate Large Net Baryon Density Strangeness Important 1994 Pb-Pb SPS-CERN fixed target max GeV NA35/49, NA44, NA38/50/51, NA45, NA52, NA57, WA80/98, WA97, Charm Production Starts TEVATRON-FNAL (fixed target p-a) max GeV 2000 Au-Au RHIC-BNL collider max GeV BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, STAR Low Net Baryon Density Hard Parton Scattering, Jets Beauty Production 2009? Pb-Pb LHC-CERN collider max GeV ALICE, ATLAS, CMS Z-jet Production More of everything 4

7 Discoveries at RHIC Strong Elliptic Flow Collective flow of created matter Constituent quark number degrees of freedom apparent in scaling laws of elliptic flow Jet Quenching Energy loss of high-pt partons traversing the hot and dense matter Medium response: conical flow (?), ridge Black Body Radiation Thermalized hot matter emits EM radiation Ti = MeV Particle Production through recombination/coalescence dominates over fragmentation at medium pt 5

8 Discoveries at RHIC Strong Elliptic Flow Collective flow of created matter Constituent quark number degrees of freedom apparent in scaling laws of elliptic flow Jet Quenching Energy loss of high-pt partons traversing the hot and dense matter Medium response: conical flow (?), ridge Black Body Radiation Thermalized hot matter emits EM radiation Ti = MeV Particle Production through recombination/coalescence dominates over fragmentation at medium pt these and comparisons to models led to the perfect fluid hypothesis Paradigm shift: strongly coupled QGP = sqgp 5

9 Elliptic Flow Indicator for Early Thermalization Reaction Plane beam b Initial spatial anisotropy Interactions Final state anisotropy in momentum space y (fm) !5!10 Au+Au at b=7 fm!!-" R " R!10! x (fm) Use a Fourier expansion to describe the angular dependence of the particle density dn dϕ 1 + 2v 2 cos[2(ϕ ψ R )] +... v 2 = cos[2(ϕ ψ R )] 6

10 Elliptic Flow Indicator for Early Thermalization Reaction Plane y (fm) !!-" R " R!5 Au+Au at b=7 fm P. Kolb, J. Sollfrank, and U. Heinz!10 Au+Au at b=7 fm!10! x (fm) τ 1 τ 2 τ 3 τ 4 driving spatial anisotropy vanishes self quenching v 2 sensitive to early interactions and pressure gradients 6

11 The Flow is Perfect Huge asymmetry found at RHIC 2v2 massive effect in azimuthal distribution w.r.t reaction plane Fine structure v 2 (p T ) for different mass particles good agreement with ideal (zero viscosity η, λ=0) hydrodynamics small η large σ strong coupling perfect liquid Conjectured quantum limit: Kovtun, Son, Starinets, PRL.94:111601, motivated by AdS/CFT correspondence Turns out RHIC is very close to this limit (factor ~2) 7

12 Probes of Dense Matter Jet Tomography 8

13 Probes of Dense Matter Jet Tomography p+p Collision 8

14 Probes of Dense Matter Jet Tomography Au+Au Collision 8

15 Probes of Dense Matter Jet Tomography Au+Au Collision!=xE Induced Gluon Radiation: Multiple final-state gluon radiation off the produced hard parton induced by the traversed dense colored medium E Hard Production "q T ~µ! " Medium!=(1-x)E 8

16 Probes of Dense Matter Jet Tomography Au+Au Collision Mean parton energy loss medium properties: ΔE loss ~ ρ gluon and ~ ΔL 2 Characterization of medium transport coefficient gluon density dn g /dy RHIC: q ~ 13 GeV 2 /fm (model dependent!) dng/dy ~ 1400!=xE Induced Gluon Radiation: Multiple final-state gluon radiation off the produced hard parton induced by the traversed dense colored medium E Hard Production "q T ~µ! " Medium!=(1-x)E 8

17 High-p T Suppression Matter is Opaque How to Measure Suppression? Nuclear Modification Factor: Ncoll = # of NN collision in AA collision 9

18 High-p T Suppression Matter is Opaque How to Measure Suppression? Nuclear Modification Factor: Observations at RHIC: Ncoll = # of NN collision in AA collision 1. Photons are not suppressed Expected! γ don t interact with medium N coll scaling works 2. Hadrons are suppressed in central collisions Huge: factor 5 9

19 High-p T Suppression Matter is Opaque How to Measure Suppression? Nuclear Modification Factor: Observations at RHIC: Ncoll = # of NN collision in AA collision 1. Photons are not suppressed Expected! γ don t interact with medium N coll scaling works 2. Hadrons are suppressed in central collisions Huge: factor 5 3. Azimuthal correlation function shows ~complete absence of away-side jet 9

20 Unexpected: Heavy Quarks Suppressed and Flow Dead cone effect implies lower heavy quark energy loss in matter: Q Dokshitzer and Kharzeev, PLB 519 (2001) 199. Semileptonic decays: c,b e X ω di dw = HEAVY ( 1 + ω di dw LIGHT ( mq E Q ) 2 1 θ 2 ) 2 Alan Dion, QM2008 R AA (e++e - )/2 Au+Au (central)!s NN =200 GeV STAR Au+Au 0-5% (PRL98, ) PHENIX Au+Au 0-10% (PRL96,032301) 1 DVGL Rad dn g /dy = BDMPS c+b q= 10 GeV /fm 0.1 DGLV Rad+EL van Hees Elastic DGLV charm Rad+EL Collisional dissociation p T hadrons (GeV/c) Substantial suppression on same level to that of light mesons Charm flows! Describing suppression and flow is difficult for models 10

21 Quarkonia: A Compelling Probe Key Idea: Melting in the plasma (Matsui & Satz PLB 178 (86) 416) Color (Debye) screening of static potential between heavy quarks Suppression of states is determined by TC and their binding energy "(1S) Sequential disappearance of states: QCD thermometer Properties of QGP T c "(2S) J/#(1S) "(3S)! c (1P) #$(2S) 11

22 Quarkonia: A Compelling Probe Key Idea: Melting in the plasma (Matsui & Satz PLB 178 (86) 416) Color (Debye) screening of static potential between heavy quarks Suppression of states is determined by TC and their binding energy Sequential disappearance of states: QCD thermometer Properties of QGP "(1S) "(2S) J/#(1S) "(3S)! c (1P) #$(2S) Reality Check: Almost all we learned about the (s)qgp comes from the light quark sector Little insight from quarkonia (yet) Formation time is not short compared to plasma formation time (τ~ 0.45 fm) T c 11

23 Quarkonia: A Compelling Probe Key Idea: Melting in the plasma (Matsui & Satz PLB 178 (86) 416) Color (Debye) screening of static potential between heavy quarks Suppression of states is determined by TC and their binding energy Sequential disappearance of states: QCD thermometer Properties of QGP "(1S) "(2S) J/#(1S) "(3S)! c (1P) #$(2S) Reality Check: Almost all we learned about the (s)qgp comes from the light quark sector Little insight from quarkonia (yet) Formation time is not short compared to plasma formation time (τ~ 0.45 fm) T c But then: Quarkonia suppression is the only signature of a deconfined state we have! 11

24 What s the Problem with Quarkonia in HI? The initial assumption (hope) was: Detailed understanding of production mechanism not essential Suppression of J/ψ(A, centrality, pt) does the job 12

25 What s the Problem with Quarkonia in HI? The initial assumption (hope) was: Wrong Detailed understanding of production mechanism not essential Suppression of J/ψ(A, centrality, pt) does the job 12

26 What s the Problem with Quarkonia in HI? The initial assumption (hope) was: Wrong Detailed understanding of production mechanism not essential Suppression of J/ψ(A, centrality, pt) does the job 1. Feed down ψ and χc melt at low T ψ / χc J/ψ + X B J/ψ + X ( RHIC) Measure in pp, pa F. Karsch, D. Kharzeev, H. Satz, hep-ph/ Example: Study for SPS: Can explain J/ψ suppression with melting of ψ,χ c Right or wrong, it shows how important the χ c measurement is! 12

27 ... More Issues Regeneration Statistical coalescence: Quarkonia not produced in QGP but produced statistically at hadronization from available c c pairs Coalescence in QGP: Quarkonium can exist together with un-bound heavy quarks in QGP Very sensitive to σ c c Understanding of detailed balance of J/ψ depletion and restoration is necessary 13

28 ... More Issues Regeneration A. Andronic et al. NPA 789 (2007) 334 Statistical coalescence: Quarkonia not produced in QGP but produced statistically at hadronization from available c c pairs Coalescence in QGP: Quarkonium can exist together with un-bound heavy quarks in QGP Very sensitive to σ c c Understanding of detailed balance of J/ψ depletion and restoration is necessary 13

29 ... and More Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) Effects Initial state effects: p T broadening (Cronin) PDF modification (shadowing) Gluon saturation (initial) Final state effects Breakup cross section of c c in the nucleus Energy-loss (de/dx) 4. Hot Matter Effects Charm quark energy loss induced gluon bremsstrahlung collisional energy loss Co-mover absorption absorption by abundantly produced hadrons in final state R g Pb (x) Shadowing Antishadowing EMC Q 2 =1.69 GeV 2 Eskola, Paukkunen, Salgado, arxiv: [hep-ph] x RHIC y <1 0.6 EPS LHC EKS98 y <1 HKN EKPS

30 N.B.: Measuring Suppression CERN/SPS: NA50 S = J/ψ / Drell-Yan + direct measurement + model independent + DY A-scaling under control - statistics CERN/SPS (NA60) Glauber χ 2 /ndf = 1.24 DY J/ψ, ψ DD 15

31 N.B.: Measuring Suppression CERN/SPS: NA50 S = J/ψ / Drell-Yan + direct measurement + model independent + DY A-scaling under control - statistics CERN/SPS (NA60) Glauber RHIC!s = 200 GeV χ 2 /ndf = 1.24 DY J/ψ, ψ DD 15

32 N.B.: Measuring Suppression CERN/SPS: NA50 S = J/ψ / Drell-Yan + direct measurement + model independent + DY A-scaling under control - statistics CERN/SPS (NA60) Glauber χ 2 /ndf = 1.24 DY J/ψ, ψ DD BNL/RHIC Cannot use DY (c c > DY) Use: + statistics independent + Glauber (Ncoll) under control - systematic uncertainties large for peripheral collisions 15

33 CERN/SPS: NA38/NA50/NA60 Charmonium suppression at SPS energies ( s~29 GeV, snn~17 GeV) Studied since 1986 by NA38, NA50 and NA60 experiments Large variety of nuclear beams S-U at 200 GeV/nucleon (NA38) Pb-Pb at 158 GeV/nucleon (NA50) In-In at 158 GeV/nucleon (NA60) Proton beams used to collect reference data p-a at 400/450 GeV (NA50) p-a at 400/158 GeV (NA60) beam tracker targets Matching in coordinate and momentum space 2.5 T dipole magnet vertex tracker hadron absorber NA10/38/50 spectrometer Muon trigger & tracking magnetic field Muon Other Iron wall 16

34 p+a: Systematic Study of σabs J/ ψ σabs J/ψ is essential to extract suppression in A+A collisions Main assumptions used up to now: σ abs J/ψ energy independent Surprise NA60 at Ebeam=158 GeV: σ abs J/ψ = 7.1 ± 1.0 mb NA50 at 400/450 GeV: σ abs J/ψ = 4.2 ± 0.5 mb!1!*&!"23& 42(!"5!67! " 83( 9) 9* 0., 7)<,=:>?/'1@A)*+B)/C. ':+ ':-*;,** ':-*;,-* :; Revisiting measurements for y=0: Indication of energy dependence see talk by H.Woehri s later )! 83( "#$%&'()*+,)('-.+/0'12345!"#$%&'() * )* +*,* -*.* /* 0* ( ''!"#$%& 17

35 Anomalous J/ψ suppression at SPS 450, 400 and 200 GeV results rescaled to 158 GeV! P. Cortese/Hard Probes 2008 NA60 Preliminary Using new NA60 σ abs J/ψ results # of Participants in Collision ~ Centrality Length Traversed (fm) Using higher σ abs J/ψ does not change the qualitative picture S+U shows no anomalous suppression In+In exhibits a smaller effect Pb+Pb shows anomalous suppression in central events

36 Quarkonia Measurements at RHIC PHENIX Central Arms: J/ψ e + e -, ψ e + e -, χ c e + e - γ η <0.35, Δφ=2 π/4, p e > 0.2 GeV/c Forward Arms: J/ψ µ + µ - 1.2< η <2.2, p µ > 1 GeV/c, Δφ = 2π Trigger 19

37 Quarkonia Measurements at RHIC PHENIX Central Arms: J/ψ e + e -, ψ e + e -, χ c e + e - γ η <0.35, Δφ=2 π/4, p e > 0.2 GeV/c Forward Arms: J/ψ µ + µ - 1.2< η <2.2, p µ > 1 GeV/c, Δφ = 2π Trigger STAR Main Barrel J/ψ e + e -, ϒ e + e - η <1, Δφ=2 π, p e > 0.2 GeV/c Trigger for high-pt e Forward Meson Spectrometer: J/ψ e + e η 4.0, Δφ = 2π 19

38 RHIC: J/ψ in p+p at s = 200 GeV PHENIX PRL 98, (2007) STAR arxiv: [nucl-ex] PHENIX and STAR results are consistent High statistics ay low-pt from PHENIX High pt from STAR 20

39 RHIC: J/ψ in p+p at s = 200 GeV PHENIX PRL 98, (2007) STAR arxiv: [nucl-ex] PHENIX PRL 98, (2007) STAR arxiv: [nucl-ex] BR(J/ψ l + l - )σ(j/ψ) = 178 ± 3(stat) ± 53(syst) ± 18(norm) nb Theory: see talk by J.-P. Lansberg later 20

40 RHIC: ϒ in p+p at s = 200 GeV STAR 2006: ϒ+ϒ +ϒ B ee (dσ/dy) y=0 =91±28(stat)±22(sys) pb Compatible with worlddata and NLO STAR 2008: Minimized material less bremsstrahlung STAR Preliminary First Look: Robust signal Excellent S/B Separation of ϒ states possible 21

41 First Measurements of Feeddown Contributions ψ ee χc ee Luminosity hungry measurements

42 First Measurements of Feeddown Contributions ψ ee χc ee PHENIX preliminary BRψ eeσ(ψ ) / BRJ/ψ eeσ(j/ψ) =0.019±0.005(stat)±0.002 (syst) Feed-down fraction of J/ψ from ψ : R (ψ ) = ± R(ψ ) =8.1±0.3% from world average (hep-ph/ v1) R(χ c ) < 42% (90%C.L.) R (χ c ) = 25% ± 5.0 world average (hep-ph/ v1) (final Hera-B : 18% ± 2.8% hepex/ v1) see talk by Pietro Faccioli 22

43 A new background at RHIC: B J/ψ+X PHENIX & STAR: no Si vertex detectors yet New Approach: Study J/ψ-hadron azimuthal correlations For now: PYTHIA Simulations: prompt J/ψ (incl. ψ, χ c feeddown) (NRQCD) B J/ψ+X &'()*(%& Other, fragmentation,...? For pt(j/ψ) > 5 GeV/c: N(B J/ψ):N(all J/ψ) (13±5)% +*!,$*) %"# % $"# $!"#!!"#$%&'()*+*,-'.%/01!%2%34 5 " /01!"#6%7%8(91: 5 " /3"#6%;<7%8(91: &'C+5=%01!%!?+%!" # "! " # %&',-.(& Promising method but Need better theory constraints 23

44 d+a: Studying Cold Nuclear Matter Effects Confusion on σabs J/ψ also at RHIC PHENIX: σabs J/ψ ~ 2.8 mb Phys Rev C 77, Au d 24

45 d+a: Studying Cold Nuclear Matter Effects Confusion on σabs J/ψ also at RHIC PHENIX: σabs J/ψ ~ 2.8 mb Phys Rev C 77, Error on breakup cross section are being reevaluated Model dependent results - nuclear modified PDFs - Glauber geometry in d+au Revised errors soon... X Au d 24

46 d+au Measuring at Forward Rapidities α(x2=xau) follows trend? Assumes 2 1 (see talk by J.-P Lansberg) 25

47 d+au Measuring at Forward Rapidities α(x2=xau) follows trend? Assumes 2 1 (see talk by J.-P Lansberg) α does not scale with x F Another hint that we cannot capture all of the physics in the npdf 25

48 d+au Measuring at Forward Rapidities STAR FMS 2.5 η 4.0 p+p & d+au on tape α(x2=xau) follows trend? Assumes 2 1 (see talk by J.-P Lansberg) From test sample α does not scale with x F Another hint that we cannot capture all of the physics in the npdf Soon more at larger xf 25

49 Suppression in snn=200 GeV A+A 1. Suppression Centrality 2. Forward rapidity more suppressed than midrapidity Ratio in Au+Au flat for Npart > 100 Au+Au mid-rapidity forward-rapidity nucl-ex/ Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) # of Participants ~ Centrality 26

50 Suppression in snn=200 GeV A+A 1. Suppression Centrality 2. Forward rapidity more suppressed than midrapidity Ratio in Au+Au flat for Npart > Suppression in Cu+Cu Au+Au within errors Au+Au Phys Rev Lett 98: Cu+Cu: Phys Rev Lett 101:

51 Suppression in snn=200 GeV A+A 1. Suppression Centrality 2. Forward rapidity more suppressed than midrapidity Ratio in Au+Au flat for Npart > Suppression in Cu+Cu Au+Au within errors 4. Suppression RHIC SPS 1.2< y <2.2 PRL.98, (2007) arxiv: y <

52 Suppression in snn=200 GeV A+A 1. Suppression Centrality 2. Forward rapidity more suppressed than midrapidity Ratio in Au+Au flat for Npart > Suppression in Cu+Cu Au+Au within errors 4. Suppression RHIC SPS 1.2< y <2.2 PRL.98, (2007) arxiv: y <0.35 Many Questions Recombination compensates stronger suppression? Cold matter effects? Melting of only higher states (+ small fraction of direct J/ψ)? 26

53 Cold Nuclear Matter Effects? Extrapolation from d+au collisions: Mid rapidity Forward rapidity CNM effect is similar between both rapidities Stronger suppression than expectations from CNM effect Need more d+au data to constraint CNM effects. 27

54 Dissociation versus Recombination? Why regeneration explains rapidity trend? Uncorrelated c and c quarks coalesce at hadronization At y 0, more charm quarks enhance the direct J/ψ yield Just an example below, a number of other models do as good a job /,-.,- (0+ (0) (!" %% ;@;)&&;A=B;,-.,- #$%&'(')*+,- 34"56789:.;58336<8"$869.;#=<6>?89"$869 /,-.,- (0+ (0) (!" %% ;@;)&&;A=B;,-.,-.+/&)&'('&)&/+/ 34"56789:.;"?36#!$869.;58336<8"$869.;#=<6>?89"$869 &02 &02 &01 &01 &0+ &0+ &0) &0)!"#$%&'((%#')#%("*#%+,-./0123" & & '& (&& ('& )&& )'& *&& *'& +&& %!"#$ Sensitive to σc c(y): not too well known to-date & & '& (&& ('& )&& )'& *&& *'& +&& %!"#$ 28

55 pt Dependence of Suppression > == H2NH2!4G:4S 5?< ABCDEF 6GH0/30,$,1 6GH0/30,$,1J!K&!L0*/?!1M/$!$LL?!N!O"I&! 5?: BPQ*0NB01!RM,QJ!=2N=2!94G:4S 5?8 - DD T644!#$% 5?6 5 4?< 4?: 4?8 4?6 4 RHIC : ; < )*+,-.$*-$!/0/$,12/!3!"#$%&'( ) RHIC Cu+Cu: J/ψ for pt > 5 GeV/c: STAR only: RAA = 1.2 ± 0.4 (stat) ± 0.2 (sys) STAR + PHENIX: RAA = 0.96 ± 0.20(stat) ± 0.13(sys) SPS In+In: Consistent with no suppression at p T > 1.8 GeV SPS/NA60 R. Arnaldi (NA60) QM08 Recall that charm is massively suppresses at RHIC!!! Only way to escape the colored medium: color neutral object 29

56 Does the J/ψ Flow? Recall: charm shows large v2 c, c flow J/ψ s from recombination should inherit large charm-quark flow First J/ψ flow measurement by PHENIX. Limited statistics do not allow one to differentiate between models Need more data... 30

57 What s next at RHIC? Improve Understanding of CNM effects better 2008 d+au run more statistics Understand recombination contribution Improve knowledge on c c production - y dependence Vary s, A Solid measurements of χc, ψ and ϒ family in p+p/d+au/a+a Requires more luminosity ϒ better in many ways (e.g. no recombination) but σ small 31

58 What s next at RHIC? Improve Understanding of CNM effects better 2008 d+au run more statistics Understand recombination contribution Improve knowledge on c c production - y dependence Vary s, A Solid measurements of χc, ψ and ϒ family in p+p/d+au/a+a Requires more luminosity ϒ better in many ways (e.g. no recombination) but σ small Ongoing RHIC Upgrades: 1. RHIC stochastic cooling (~tenfold delivered luminosity) 2. High-precision Si vertex tracking in STAR+PHENIX 3. Improved PID, trigger, DAQ rate,... 31

59 LHC A unique opportunity to investigate QGP at unparalleled high s CMS & ATLAS have a solid HI program ALICE is dedicated HI experiment 32

60 LHC A unique opportunity to investigate QGP at unparalleled high s CMS & ATLAS have a solid HI program ALICE is dedicated HI experiment All cross-section up better statistics everywhere but also new background sources 32

61 LHC A unique opportunity to investigate QGP at unparalleled high s CMS & ATLAS have a solid HI program 16 ALICE is dedicated HI experiment RHIC! SB /T 4 All cross-section up better statistics everywhere but also new background sources Lifetime & Tinitial of plasma ~ 2 RHIC Is it the same medium (sqgp versus wqgp)?!/t SPS 2+1 flavor 3 flavor 2 flavor 0 flavor LHC T (MeV) Will need same level (or even more) of systematic studies than at RHIC to deconvolute suppression pattern from ordinary side effects Heavy-ion run in 2010? 32

62 Summary RHIC We see the, hottest, densest, matter, ever studied in the laboratory Increasing evidence for a strongly couple plasma sqgp Next goal: Quantify properties such as EOS, transport coefficients,... 33

63 Summary RHIC We see the, hottest, densest, matter, ever studied in the laboratory Increasing evidence for a strongly couple plasma sqgp Next goal: Quantify properties such as EOS, transport coefficients,... Quarkonia Less insights on the property of the plasma from quarkonia than originally expected Long systematic process to extract suppression Progress in many fronts: CNM, feed-down,... Next: ψ, χc, ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), ϒ(3S) Need more luminosity Using quarkonia to probe the medium vs. using known medium to learn about quarkonia production 33

64 Summary RHIC We see the, hottest, densest, matter, ever studied in the laboratory Increasing evidence for a strongly couple plasma sqgp Next goal: Quantify properties such as EOS, transport coefficients,... Quarkonia Less insights on the property of the plasma from quarkonia than originally expected Long systematic process to extract suppression Progress in many fronts: CNM, feed-down,... Next: ψ, χc, ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), ϒ(3S) Need more luminosity Using quarkonia to probe the medium vs. using known medium to learn about quarkonia production RHIC Upgrades & LHC: New possibilities but also new challenges for HI 33