Heavy flavor with

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1 Heavy flavor with Hendrik van Hees Goethe University Frankfurt and FIAS April 21, 2015 Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with April 21, / 22

2 Outline 1 Motivation: Open and hidden heavy-flavor observables 2 Open-heavy-flavor observables 3 Charmonium observables 4 Summary Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

3 Motivation Open heavy-flavor mesons Fast equilibration of hot and dense matter in heavy-ion collisions Heavy quarks as calibrated probe of QGP properties produced in early hard collisions: well-defined initial conditions not fully equilibrated due to large masses heavy-quark diffusion QGP- and hadron-transport properties drag and diffusion coefficients Questions at FAIR importance of D and D reactions in hadronic medium? influence of high net-baryon density? pp/pa baseline mandatory for theory! Charmonia Matsui and Satz (1986): Melting of quarkonia in QGP suppression regeneration in QGP binding color screening, dissociation through collisions importance of hadronic processes? Questions at FAIR charmonia in medium at low energies? again pp/pa baseline needed! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

4 Open-heavy-flavor transport in Heavy-Ion collisions c q g hard production of HQs described by PDF s + pqcd (PYTHIA) c,b quark sqgp HQ rescattering in QGP: Langevin simulation drag and diffusion coefficients from microscopic model for HQ interactions in the sqgp q c Hadronization to D,B mesons via quark coalescence + fragmentation K ν e e± semileptonic decay non-photonic electron observables R e+ e AA (p T), v e+ e 2 (p T ) Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

5 Relativistic Langevin process Langevin process: friction force + Gaussian random force in the (local) rest frame of the heat bath d x = p E p dt, d p = A p dt + 2dt B 0 P + B 1 P w w : normal-distributed random variables A: friction (drag) coefficient B 0,1 : diffusion coefficients Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

6 Non-perturbative interactions: Resonance Scattering General idea: Survival of D - and B -meson like resonances above T c model based on chiral symmetry (light quarks) HQ-effective theory elastic heavy-light-(anti-)quark scattering q c q c c D, D, D s s q c u D, D, D s q D - and B -meson like resonances in sqgp q D, D, D s D, D, D s parameters m D = 2 GeV, Γ D = GeV m B = 5 GeV, Γ B = GeV k c k Hendrik van [HvH, Hees R. Rapp, (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Phys. Rev. C 71, (2005); Heavy HvH, flavor V. Greco, withr. CBM@FAIR Rapp, Phys. Rev. C 73, (2006) ] April 21, / 22

7 T-matrix Brueckner many-body approach for elastic Q q, Q q scattering q, q c T = V + V T Σ = Σ glu + T V : static q q potential from lattice QCD (F and U ) reduction scheme: 4D Bethe-Salpeter 3D Lipmann-Schwinger S- and P waves [HvH, M. Mannarelli, V. Greco, R. Rapp, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, (2008)] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

8 T-matrix results -Im T (GeV -2 ) T=1.2 T c T=1.5 T c T=2 T c c quarks T-Matrix with V=U Kac color-singlet channel E cm (GeV) resonance formation at lower temperatures T T c melting of resonances at higher T model-independent assessment of elastic Q q, Q q scattering! Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

9 Nonphotonic electrons at RHIC UrQMD-hydro hybrid model for bulk evolution Langevin simulation for heavy quarks form D and B mesons via quark-antiquark coalescence use PYTHIA for semi-leptonic decays comparison to non-photonic electron data from PHENIX (200 AGeV Au-Au collisions) electrons Au+Au GeV Centrality 20%-40% HF electrons PHENIX Resonance 130MeV Resonance 150MeV Resonance 180MeV T-Matrix 180MeV Coalescence electrons Au+Au GeV Centrality 20%-40% HF electrons PHENIX Resonance 130MeV Resonance 150MeV Resonance 180MeV T-Matrix 180MeV Coalescence R AA 1 v p T [GeV] [T. Lang, HvH, J. Steinheimer, M. Bleicher, arxiv: [hep-ph]] p T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

10 D mesons at LHC UrQMD-hydro hybrid model for bulk evolution Langevin simulation for heavy quarks form D via quark-antiquark coalescence comparison to D-meson data from ALICE (2.76 ATeV Pb-Pb collisions) R AA ALICE pompt D-mesons 0-20% UrQMD D-Mesons 0-20% Pb+Pb, s 1/2 = 2.76 TeV p T [GeV] [T. Lang, HvH, J. Steinheimer, M. Bleicher, arxiv: [hep-ph]] v electrons Au+Au GeV Centrality 20%-40% HF electrons PHENIX Resonance 130MeV Resonance 150MeV Resonance 180MeV T-Matrix 180MeV Coalescence p T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

11 D mesons at FAIR (Pb Pb at 25AGeV) UrQMD-hydro hybrid model for bulk evolution Langevin simulation for heavy quarks form D via quark-antiquark coalescence large sensitivity to initial HQ distributions (use estimates from HSD and PYTHIA) mandatory to get pp (and pa?) baseline from CBM! R AA D-Mesons PbPb - 25 AGeV y < 0.35 HSD initial 0-10% 10-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-92% no fugacity p T [GeV] [T. Lang, HvH, J. Steinheimer, M. Bleicher, arxiv: [hep-ph]] R AA D-Mesons PbPb - 25 AGeV y < 0.35 PHYTIA initial 0-10% 10-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-92% no fugacity p T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

12 D mesons at FAIR (Pb Pb at 25AGeV) form D via quark-antiquark coalescence large sensitivity to initial HQ distributions (use estimates from HSD and PYTHIA) v D-Mesons PbPb - 25 AGeV y < 0.35 HSD initial 0-10% 10-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-92% no fugacity v D-Mesons PbPb - 25 AGeV y < 0.35 PYTHIA initial 0-10% 10-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-92% no fugacity p T [GeV] [T. Lang, HvH, J. Steinheimer, M. Bleicher, arxiv: [hep-ph]] p T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

13 D mesons at FAIR (Pb Pb at 25AGeV) form D via quark-antiquark coalescence large sensitivity to initial HQ distributions (use estimates from HSD and PYTHIA) large µ B in resonance model: c more dragged than c Pb+Pb - 25 AGeV Centrality 20%-40% y < 0.35 HSD initial no fugacity anti-d-mesons D-mesons w/fugacity Pb+Pb - 25 AGeV Centrality 20%-40% y < 0.35 HSD initial no fugacity anti-d-mesons D-mesons w/fugacity R AA 4 3 v p T [GeV] [T. Lang, HvH, J. Steinheimer, M. Bleicher, arxiv: [hep-ph]] p T [GeV] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

14 Dileptons from correlated DD decays for m φ M l +l m J /ψ: dilepton emission from thermal QGP and from correlated DD decays medium modifications of D and D destroy correlations dn/dm[1/(gev/c 2 )] e-05 1e-06 1e-07 [T. Lang, HvH, J. Steinheimer, M. Bleicher, arxiv: [hep-ph]] min.bias Au+Au 200 GeV PYTHIA pp random correlation PHENIX UrQMD physical thermalization UrQMD extreme thermalization UrQMD no interaction M ee [GeV/c 2 ] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

15 Charmonia in AA collisions c c bound states: non-relativistic Schrödinger eq. 2m c + V (r ) ψ( r ) = m ψ ψ( r ) m c in vacuum: Cornell potential V (r ) = σr α r in the vacuum: good charmonia (bottomonia) spectroscopy potential in medium? expect some (partial) screening Matsui, Satz (1986): melting of charmonia in medium newer developments: NRQCD methods in medium [N. Brambilla et al] ; thermal T-matrix approach with lqcd potentials [S. Y. F. Liu, R. Rapp, arxiv: [hep-ph]] at low energies: hadronic interactions? Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

16 Production of charmonia: pp production dominated by gluon fusion [L. Kluberg, H. Satz, Landolt-Börnstein, arxiv: [hep-ph]] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with April 21, / 22

17 Production of charmonia: pa in pa: cold nuclear-matter effects shadowing/anti-shadowing: nuclear modification of f g : [L. Kluberg, H. Satz, Landolt-Börnstein, arxiv: [hep-ph]] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

18 Charmonia in AA: suppression regeneration at high energies: QGP formation suppression and regeneration of charmonia relative to formation in pp + CNM effects! gluon absorption; Bhanot + Peskin: strongly bound states; g + J /ψ c + c suppressed for weak binding (higher temperatures!): quasifree dissociation; g + J /ψ c + c + g [R. Rapp, HvH, in HwaQuark Gluon Plasma IV, arxiv: [hep-ph]] and inverse reaction (detailed balance!): regeneration Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

19 Charmonia in AA: suppression regeneration at low energies: reactions in hot/dense hadronic matter: J /ψ + h D D gluo effect [Bhanot, Peskin 1979; Kharzeev, Satz 1995] comover quark exchange [Brodsky, Müller 1988; Martins, Blaschke, Quack 1994; Matinyan, Müller 1998] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

20 Charmonia in AA: suppression regeneration [H. Satz, talk at H4F Heavy-Quark Workshop 2014] Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with April 21, / 22

21 Challenges for CBM experiment want to learn about charmonia in dense/hot hadronic medium need to understand total charm-production cross sections at low energies for pp, pa, and AA need all this for both open and hidden charm if possible at same s Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22

22 Summary Open heavy flavor non-perturbative interactions mechanism for strong coupling: resonance formation at T T c lattice-qcd potentials parameter free also provides natural mechanism for quark coalescence [R. Ravagli, HvH, R. Rapp, Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009)] heavy-quark diffusion in hot/dense medium model calibrated by comparison to R AA and v 2 of non-photonic electrons at RHIC, D mesons at LHC R AA and v 2 for D mesons at FAIR (pp baseline mandatory!) impact of medium modifications on correlated DD decays to dileptons Charmonia Charmonium production in pp and pa (CNM effects) in partonic medium: gluo dissociation, quasi-free scattering in hadronic medium: gluon effect, comover quark exchange FAIR has a chance to shed light on terra incognita of charmonia production processes for open and hidden charm at low energies hadron-charmonium processes in baryon rich matter Hendrik van Hees (GU Frankfurt/FIAS) Heavy flavor with CBM@FAIR April 21, / 22