Synthesis of SHE with S3

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1 Ch. Stodel et al, GANIL, Caen, France Programm of SHE research abroad υ Riken υ GSI υ Dubna Propositions with LINAG/S3 υ Confirmation of observed isotopes: υ υ Φ Φ Increase production rate (same system) linking «cold» chain to «hot» chains Understanding the reaction mecanism: Φ Φ excitation functions Dependence of the isospin New elements Conclusions

2 SHE research at GSI < 90 fb 64 Ni U * Sr Kr Proton number X Pb, 209 Bi 36 S U 270 Hs+4n 22 Ne Pu Rf+4/6n X Neutron number Se Ge 48 Ca Pu * 48 Ca U n 1pb-Eur.Phys.J. A 32, 251 (2007) Zn Ni Fe Cr Ti Ca

3 Cross-sections, predictions and results for CN = * V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, σ = 4.5 pb, BF = 10 MeV MeV, 5 days σ < 1.6 pb 36.4 MeV, 116 days σ < 94 fb, BF < 8.3 MeV Ni Fe Cr σ = 4.5 fb, BF = 7.0 MeV

4 intensity (eµa) New 28-GHz EZR Source: Higher charge state Higher intensity Factor: GSI On the way from picobarn to femtobarn GHz SC-ECRIS (extrapolated) 28 GHz SERSE 18 GHz SERSE 18 GHz RT-ECRIS 14 GHz GSI-CAPRICE II 100 New RFQ Incector: Duty factor 25 % => 50 % Higher injection energy Higher acceptance Factor: U. Ratzinger, K. Tinschert et al., 2004 RFQ, 108 MHz 0.3 Xe charge state Superconducting continuous wave (CW) accelerator: ECR source IH DTL, 108 MHz High beam currents Z / m Permanent availability Low electricity costs 1.4 CH DTL, supercond. QWR Cavities 324 MHz 108 MHz MeV/u Debuncher U. Ratzinger, W. Barth, L. Dahl et al., 2004

5 FLNR Dubna: Positive results using hot fusion 48 Ca + X <400 fb 58 Fe Pu * Cf Proton number Neutron number Cm Am Pu Np U Next step: 48 Ca Cm> * excitation function 54 Cr Cm > * new element X

6 SHE research at RIKEN - GARIS Hs Bh Sg Db Rf Lr No Md Fm Es Cf 263, 264, 265 Hs Mt /9/ Ds 14 chains 111 Ds 272 Rg 14 chains New! Sg α 261 Rf SF β+ or EC β- Kosuke Morita -RIKEN Nishina Center Periodic Table of D.I. Mendeleev. The new superheavy elements Dubna january Pb( 58 Fe, n) 265 Hs 208 Pb( 64 Ni, n) 271 Ds 209 Bi( 64 Ni, n) 272 Rg 208 Pb( 70 Zn, n) Bi( 70 Zn, n) Pb( 58 Fe, n) 264 Hs 206 Pb( 58 Fe, n) 263 Hs 208 Pb( 56 Fe, n) 263 Hs 208 Pb( 58 Fe, 2n) 264 Hs 248 Cm( 18 O,5n) 261 Rf 248 Cm( 22 Ne,5n) 265 Sg 248 Cm( 23 Na,5n) 266 Bh chains 23 fb 50 pb

7 SHE research at RIKEN - GARIS Δθ = ± 67 mrad Δθ = ± 55 mrad Δφ = ± 58 mrad Δφ = ± 120 mrad ΔΩ 12 msr ΔΩ 23 msr GARIS-II MBP GARIS GARIS-II MBP RIKEN GARIS Kosuke Morita -RIKEN Nishina Center Periodic Table of D.I. Mendeleev. The new superheavy elements Dubna january 2009 GARIS

8 New isotopes of superheavy elements Qin Zhi - Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou - People s Republic of china Sg 106 Db 105 Rf 104 Lr 103 Bh 107 Sg 258 2,9 ms Bh 260? α α 10,40; 10,10... sf; α 20% α 9,62...; sf? α 9,77; 9,72; sf α 9,56; 9,52; 9,47 sf; α 22% Rf 256 6,2 ms α 9,47 Hs 108 Bh ,8 ms α 8,77; 8,87; sf; α(0.3%) 8,79 sf 1.4%; sf, α? sf 7% sf;α 20% α 8,43; 8,52; α 8,37; 8,43 8,39... α 8,86; 8,80? Db 257 Db 258 0,76 s α 9,17 sf ( 13%) 1,5 s α 9,07; 8,97 sf ( 6%) Lr ,5 s Sg 259 Sg 260 0,48 s 3,6 ms 4 s α 9,10; 9,18; (26%) 4,3 s Db 259 0,51 s 13 ms Hs 263? α? Bh ms α 10, ms α 9,70 Sg ms Db 260 Rf 257 Rf 258 Rf 259 2,7 s α 9,02; 8,97 α 8,2-8,9; (11%); γ Lr ,9 s? Lr 257 0,65 s 241 Am( 22 Ne, 4n) 259 Db 3 s Sg 262 6,9 ms Db 261 1,5 s 1,8 s α 9,04; 9,12; /sf? Lr 258 3,9 s α 8,595; 8,621; 8,565; 8,654 Hs 264 0,45 ms α 10.43; sf (50%) α 8,93; sf Rf ms Lr 259 6,3 s α 8, sf (23%) Hs 265 Hs 266 Hs μs 1,6 ms 2,3 ms 49 ms 14 s α 10,51-10,57 Bh 264 0,3 s α 9,25 α 8,03 α 10, s α 9,48; 9,62; sf (8%) Sg 263 0,9 s α 9,06; 9,25; sf Db 262 α 10,18; sf<1,4% α 9,88; 9,83; α 9,18; 9,23 9,75 Db s 27 s α 8,45; 8,53; 8,67; /sf(33%) Rf s α 8,30; sf<11% 4.2 s α 8,50; sf(40%) Lr m α 8,36; sf (57%); (3 +4-1%) Rf ms? 2,1 s sf? sf;α 3% sf;α? sf?? Lr m Bh 266 ~1 s? α 9,29 α 8,83 Sg 265 7,4 s α 8,69-8,94; sf 35% Rf 263? ~15 min Lr 262 3,6 h Bh ,2 s Sg s α 8,72; 8,59; sf 82% Hs Am( 26 Mg, 4n) 265 Bh

9 48 Ca + X X Pb, 209 Bi Neutron number Sr Kr Se Ge Zn Ni Fe Cr Ti Ca X Cf Cm Am Pu Np U X Proton number

10 50 Ti, 54 Cr, 58 Fe, 64 Ni, 70 Zn Pb GSI-SHIP FLNR-DGFRS 48 Ca U, 238 U, 242 Pu, 244 Pu, 245 Cm

11 Courtesy of A. Yeremin

12 Am Th Pb Projectile Z Ca Zn Bh Hs Target Z

13 Darmstadt, den 10. Juni 2009 Ein neues chemisches Element im Periodensystem Das bei GSI entdeckte Element 112 offiziell bestätigt IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Bereits im Jahr erstmals ein Atom des Elements 112 erzeugt. Ein zweites Atom. im Jahr RIKEN in Japan konnten seitdem weitere Atome des Elements 112 nachgewiesen werden, welche die GSI Entdeckung zweifelsfrei bestätigten. Find a new element Z= Find new isotopes Excitation functions? Confirm observed SHE isotopes The way from picobarn to femtobarn level? υ υ Beam time Intensity

14 SPIRAL2 Project LINAG Energy = A.MeV Today

Studying, completing, enlarging 10 14 part/s=16 pµa 3 evt/day @ 1pb, ε=50%, 0.

15 Studying, completing, enlarging part/s=16 pµa 3 1pb, ε=50%, 0.3mg/cm² A target =248 Number of events (2006) S 3 Evt/week Next step A/q=6 50pµA spectroscopy

First Day SHE Experiments @ S 3 /SPIRAL2 40-48 Ca + 238 U 278-286 112* 32-36 S + 238 U 270-274 Hs* 28-30

link link hot hot to to cold cold fusion fusion x-section x-section systematics systematics transactinide

16 First Day SHE S 3 /SPIRAL Ca U * S U Hs* Si U Sg* (higher Z) Z) actinide targets? link link hot hot to to cold cold fusion fusion x-section x-section systematics systematics transactinide transactinide chemistry chemistry hunt hunt for for K-isomers K-isomers isospin isospin dependent dependent reaction reaction mechanism mechanism studies studies

17 Ar versus Ca beams Proton number 36,40 Ar U 36,40 Ar Am 36,40 Ar Pu 3n 36,40 Ar Cm CN Neutron number S. Hofmann Janv Cm Pu 244 Pu 40, 48 Ca U Cross section for «neutron poor» projectile? Cm

18 Very/Super heavy Elements Studies part/s 10 1pb 36,40 Ar U 70 Zn Pb 86 Kr Pb Pb 40, Pu 244 Pu 40, 48 Ca Cm 238 U Cm Excitation functions?

19 S 3 (I=10pµA) 1evt/month month@σ~10fb 59 Co 51 V 55 Mn 45 Sc New elements Ni Cr 58 Fe 50 Ti Proton number CN Np U Am Pu Np U Bk Cm Am Pu Np U Bk Cm Am Pu Np U Neutron number S. Hofmann Janv 09 U Pu Np U Cm Cf Am Bk Pu Cm Np Am U Pu Np U 48 Ca Cf Bk Cm Am Pu Np U

20 Dependence of the formation cross-section from Isospin T z Z= (N-Z)/2 (N-Z)/2 Z²/A Ca Bk ,5 46,40 Sc Cm ,5 46,72 Ti Am ,5 46,72 V Pu ,5 46,40 Cr Np ,5 47,04 Mn U ,5 46,72 Ca Cf ,41 Sc Bk ,68 Ti Cm ,72 V Am ,36 Cr Pu ,72 Mn Np ,68 Fe U ,04 20 fb fb Sc Cf ,5 47,68 Ti Bk ,5 47,68 V Cm ,5 47,36 Cr Am ,5 47,68 Mn Pu ,5 47,36 Fe Np ,5 48,00 Co U ,5 47,68 Ti Cf ,68 V Bk ,32 Cr Cm ,68 Mn Am ,32 Fe Pu ,68

21 Conclusions 10 fb == 1evt/week == 75 pµa * 50%*0.3 mg/cm² 1 fb == 1 evt /month == 17 pµa * 50%*0.3 mg/cm² Confirmation of observed event Higher counting rates Understanding the optimum energy and projectile/target combination A step to new isotopes

Thank you Completely not registered ElemenTree.

apparaître une organisation que les simples listes ne

23 Thank you Completely not registered ElemenTree. Tableau Périodique tridimensionnel mis au point par Fernando Dufour. De la même façon que le tableau de Mendeleïev faisait apparaître une organisation que les simples listes ne pouvaient révéler, la représentation tridimensionnelle met en valeur des symétries nouvelles. Ainsi, elle souligne l'augmentation régulière et symétrique de la taille des périodes (les étages de l'elementree). Completely not registered

Perspectives for Penning Trap Mass Measurements of Super Heavy Elements

Perspectives for Penning Trap Mass Measurements of Super Heavy Elements Michael Block GSI Workshop on Rare Atoms Ann Arbor 2009 Introduction to Super Heavy Elements Production of SHE Mass determination