What do we know experimentally about the N=149, N=151 and N=153 isotones?
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1 What do we know experimentally about the N=149, N=151 and N=153 isotones? - Introduction - Experimental review - Issues & questions - Conclusions A. Lopez-Martens
2 Region of interest ms Proton number Db Hs Bh Sg 0.51 s Ds Mt a 6.9 ms a 14.0 s ma 100 s ms ms ms s s 9.08? 17.0 s ms 1.7 m h h 16 h ms 6.3 ms ms 87 ms s 0.56 s 0.63 s 2.7 s ms 0.1 s 0.48 s ms 0.5 ms 4.0 s 0.1 s 34 s s 3.6 s s 0.18 s 9.6 s ms 0.72 s m 0.15 s s m ms ms Rf 5.8 s 8.3 s 12.0 h 2.3 h Lr No 54 ms 5.6 ms Md Fm 7 s 24 s Es Cf Neutron number
![Neutron orbitals at play 11/2-[725]](/docs-images/91/105325552/images/3-0.jpg "- ground states?")
3 Neutron orbitals at play 11/2-[725] - ground states? - single particle states? 1/2+[761] - multi-particle states? - Influence of proton number Z?
4 N= μs Well studied cases Levels populated in many ways: -Alpha decay -β -, EC decay, -direct reactions (n,γ),(d,p),(d,t),(d,p) 245 Cm: E1 conversion coefficients from 9/2 - to members of gs band are times higher than theoretical values Table of Isotopes R. Chasman et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 (1977) 833
5 11/2-[725] 247 Cf 251 Fm samples synthesized by alpha irradiation on 249 Cf 7/2 + [624] assigned to gs from spacing between members of gs band (K=3.55) and systematics gs of 251 Fm deduced from unhindered alpha branch to 9/2 - [734] 1/2 + [631] not populated E1 conversion coefficients from 9/2 - to the gs are ~3.4-4 times higher than theoretical values I. Ahmad et al.,phys. Rev. C 8 (1973) 737
6 249 Fm 207 Pb( 48 Ca,2n) 253 No-> 249 Fm R.-D. Herzberg et al, J. Phys G30 (2004) R123
7 249 Fm 207 Pb( 48 Ca,2n) 253 No-> 249 Fm R.-D. Herzberg et al, J. Phys G30 (2004) R123 F. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 22 (2004) M1 129 E2
8 249 Fm 207 Pb( 48 Ca,2n) 253 No-> 249 Fm R.-D. Herzberg et al, J. Phys G30 (2004) R123 F. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 22 (2004) Pb( 48 Ca,2n) 253 No-> 249 Fm A. Lopez-Martens et al., Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006) M1 129 E2 7/2 + [624] assigned to gs from spacing between members of gs band (K=3.4) and systematics I(M1)/I(E2)= => g K = gs of 253 No deduced from unhindered alpha branch to 9/2 - [734] 1/2 + [631] not observed E1 conversion coefficients from 9/2 - to members of gs are 2-6 higher than theoretical values
9 251 No α-γ F. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 22 (2004) 417 Δt(ER-γ)<4 μs 206 Pb( 48 Ca,3n) 251 No - gs assignment of 251 No from systematics - ~1 s isomeric state => large Δλ => 1/2 + [631] - 2nd isomeric state in 251 No -gsof 255 Rf deduced from unhindered alpha branch to 9/2 - [734] -5/2 + [622] not observed - no electron detection 206 Pb( 48 Ca,3n) 251 No and 207 Pb( 50 Ti,2n) 255 Rf F. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 30 (2006) 561
10 N= μs s Pu 245 Cm 247 Cf 249 Fm 251 No - in 247 Cf and 249 Fm? -Accident(s) in 247 Cf? -Anomalous E1 conversion coefficients? - Nature of 2 nd isomeric state in 251 No?
11 N=151 Well studied cases Many reactions used to populate levels: Alpha decay β-, EC decay (d,p), (d,t), (d,d ) 26.3 μs 5/2 + [622] : 1st excitation above the gs instead of 7/2 + [624] 5/2+ can only decay to the gs by an M2 transition => Isomeric state μs 1/2 + [620] assignment of the gs of 251 Cf and 253 Fm deduced from the unhindered alpha branch to the 1/2 + state T. Braid et al., Phys. Rev. C 4 (1971) 247 I. Ahmad et al., Phys. Rev. C68 (2002) I Ahmad et al., Phys. Rev. 164 (1967) 1537 S.W. Yates et al., Phys. Rev. C12 (1975) 442 I. Ahmad et al., Phys. Rev. C14 (1976) 218
12 N= Cf(d,t): Population of two 2 - states at 592 and 1477 kev in 248 Cf Only 1 K π =2 - neutron 2qp state expected < 2 MeV: {9/2 - [734];5/2 + [622]}ν => Other 2 - state must be predominantly a phonon state (major component: {7/2 + [633];3/2 - [521]}π)
13 N= Cf(d,d ): sizeable population of 5/2 + state at 145 kev => mixing with the { 2 - phonon} configuration Phonon admixture into the 5/2+ state measured to be ~30% in 249 Cf (a similar value is obtained from the M2-E3 mixing ratio of the 145 kev transition => B(E3)=10 Wu) Phonon admixture deduced to be ~15% in 247 Cm from M2-E3 mixing ratio => B(E3)= 5 Wu + (9/2[734]-2 - ) 5/2+
14 251 Fm 249 Cf( 12 C,α2n) Spin/parity assignments of Eskola et al., by analogy to the decay of 253 Fm-> 249 Cf 380 kev tentatively assigned the configuration from HF considerations Delayed X-ray emission observed by Dittner et al., suggested to be due to the conversion of an M2 transition 187 kev line identified in prompt photon spectrum by Bemis et al., (relevant part of the spectrum never published ) P. Eskola et al., Phys. Rev. C 2 (1970) 1058 P. Dittner et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26 (1971) 1037 C.E. Bemis et al., ORNL annnual report (1971) p.62
15 251 Fm 238 U( 22 Ne,5n) 255 No 208 Pb( 48 Ca,1n) 255 No K. Hauschild et al., to be published K L M Delayed α e - F. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A29 (2006) 165 Delayed α γ 21(3) μs - state at 200 kev decays by M2(E3) transition to gs of 251 Fm Prompt α γ α K (200) = 8.3(2.9) δ 2 = E3/M2 0.9 = α M2 + δ 2 α E3 1 + δ 2 => assignment Table of Isotopes
16 251 Fm F.P. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A29 (2006) kept spin and parity assignment of Eskola et al. for 558 kev level - assignment based on systematics - complex (α,γ) spectra with α + (CE, X-ray and Auger e - ) summing effects (cf Ch. Theisen s talk) - no electron data
17 253 No 249 Cf( 12 C,4n) } - similar lifetime as Ghiorso et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 22 ( 1969) delayed X-ray emission in 253 No with ~31 μs lifetime - different alpha decay pattern than in lighter N=153 isotones Table of Isotope, based on C.E. Bemis et al., ORNL annual report (1974) p. 39
18 253 No Correlated to ER 208 Pb( 50Ti,1n) 257 Rf Correlated to 253 No decay 208 Pb( 58 Fe,1n) 265 Hs -> 261 Sg -> 257 Rf F. Hessberger et al., Z. Phys. A 359 (1997) 415 evidence for an isomeric state in 257 Rf which is not populated in in the decay from 261 Sg. T 1/2 ~8s => large Δλ => 11/2-[725] => assignments in 253 No based on systematics of alpha-particle intensities and HF alpha energies differ by up to 15 kev, alpha intensity ratios are different and lifetimes are longer in the 208 Pb+ 58 Fe experiment energy of 5/2 + ->9/2 - transition < K binding energy => Bemis X-rays?
19 11/2-[725] Prompt spectroscopy data: 253 No 207 Pb( 48 Ca,2n) 253 No Observation of rotational band Bandhead thought to be the state on the basis of B(M1)/B(E2) ratios P. Reiter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) New GSI data: (S. Antalic s Nustar GSI) M2 transition to gs (from X-ray intensity) Excitation energy of = 167 kev Lifetime : 21.6(2.2) μs Presence of 2 nd isomer with ~700 μs lifetime Gabriela data: expt E1 E2 M1 M2 α K /α LMN+ = 1.3(2) α L /α MN+ = 2.8(5) Iγ = 5(3) Lifetime: 31.1(2.1) μs 2 nd isomer with 0.9(2) ms lifetime A. Lopez-Martens et al., to be published missing linking transitions?
20 N= μs 45 μs 21 μs 25 μs 22 μs 31 μs 247 Cm 249 Cf 251 Fm 253 No 255 Rf - position of reflects the N= gap: largest for Z=102? - inversion of and levels? - spin/parity assignment in 253 No? - nature of 2 nd isomeric state in 253 No?
21 N=153 Eskola et al., argued that the intensities of the alpha decay to the gs and 2 nd excited state of 253 Fm are overestimated because of α-e - summing (Phys. Rev. C 2 (1970) 1058) 32 μs Table of Isotopes
22 253 Fm 248 Cm( 13 C, 4n) 257 No studied by Asai et al., with 2 separate setups: Gas-jet transport +rotating wheel system for α-g Gas-jet coupled to online isotope separator for α-e - Rotating wheel Gas-jet transport Vacuum chamber 261 Rf, 257 No Stepping motor Catcher foils (x40) 120 μg/cm 2 PET Pb shield Ge Ge Si PIN photodiodes 18 x 18 mm 2
23 253 Fm M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) gs of 253 Fm deduced from the unhindered alpha branch to the 1/2 + [620] state of 249 Cf No is assigned the 3/2 + [622] configuration and not 7/2 + [613] - small HF to the 3/2+ state of gs band? -no γ-e - data - summing in α-γ matrix?
24 N= μs ~ 8s 249 Cm 251 Cf 253 Fm 255 No 257 Rf 11/2-[725] -11/2 - isomeric state in 253 Fm and 255 No? - ordering of levels in 257 Rf? - no spectroscopic data for 255 No
25 Conclusions Lots of debate, uncertainties and open questions Importance of repeating experiments and populating nuclei in different ways (if possible.) Beware of isomers! Conversion Electron data important to help disentangle data Need for realistic simulations to interpret experimental spectra Need for more data.
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