Worksheet 0 - Calculations

Transcription

1 Workheet 0 - Calculation Significant Figure - the number of ignificant figure (ig. fig.) i a meaure of the degree of uncertainty in a meaurement. There i experimental uncertainty in the lat ignificant figure of a meaurement. The rule for ig. fig. are given in Chapter 1.5. All non-zero number are ignificant. Zero between number are ignificant. Zero to the left of number are not ignificant. Zero to the right of number may be ignificant (in preence ofa decimal point). 1. Expre each of the following number in cientific notation and decide the number of ignificant figure: ,000 30, Scientific notation igofig..:t.,!-, OfJlO x 10 1,09 1(0)( 10 3 ~ 1, O?IX IO 3 3'()8' 'X 10? 6 L 3 n{) ~u ( A(;4e:ku'mJr(it~J II II 1'1)~'F.ACA 3, oy(o )(10 t 5 l/ ~dlcvrnj 0 / 6 03DX 10- <if 0- Ii~ &kc~m~ Calculation with ignificant figure - In multiplication or diviion, the number of ig. fig. in the anwer ha only a many ig. fig. a the factor with the mallet number of ig. fig. ( )(0.0805) == (63.54)(0.052)(2.809) ~ 2 ig. fig. - limiting factor which round to.0040 or 4.0 x 10-3 (2 ig. fig.) In addition and ubtraction, the anwer hould be reported to the ame number of decimal place a the term with the leat number of decimal place == ~ 2 decimal place - limiting factor which round to 0.84 (2 decimal place) Do addition and ubtraction firt. When rounding, number ~ 5 are rounded up. Do not round until the end of the calculation.

2 2. Do the following calculation and expre the anwer to the correct number of ig. fi 9 /.3 dt.c.vrn;j = I 5J ~ (Olf r-1'1 tj-tj{ _ (),O/ f( , ~4 2 "-....; tkcvm4 / I t!uatn..( :- 4-". (fi /,.ft )( 10 ~ ~>hj = ( K.4-2 :- "k.(),() ::: "l f) t{j7.t1l,j01) 1. to )( 10 ~ Dimenional Analyi - Thi technique can be ued to change unit (K --7 DC) and alo a an aid in olving problem, by carefully keeping track of unit. SI Unit and converion factor are lited in Appendix 6 (A26) in the textbook. A table of metric to Englih converion factor i on page 16 of the textbook.. A certain proce yield 4.85 x g of a chemical product per econd. How many kilogram will be produced in five day of continuou reaction? Start with what you know on the left and what you are trying to find on the right x =_kg Then find converion factor, which allow you to change your unit....:...4.:...::;.8~5...:...x'-1.:...:0'- 2~+--=c=...:"--+-=c..=...:...:.='-+-=-:...~~=..:;;;..'--=+--"-~"--= kg Finally, determine the number of ig. fig. The firt term ha 3 ig. fig. All of the other factor are definition, and have 00 ig. fig. So, the anwer will be limited to 3 ig. fig., 21.0 kg. In the converion factor the value of the numerator and denominator are the ame; 60 econd = 1 minute, 24 hour = 1 day. The final converion unit illutrate the ue of metric prefixe; 1000 gram = 1 kilogram. It i important to know thee commonly ued prefixe. 3. Fill in the miing information in the following chart. Metric prefix Symbol Exponent fr.l1.a M /1)& namo )1 1O ~ deci It) I t7l m1t1" A 10'0 (J1CO P /O -/l.. kilo ~ /0 3 m Ill, m /(J -J CbVJW; c.. 10'<'

3 2. 0 -:; 3b0?"3 ( J. 54O'm)J (10 trjrrj) 3 ]v- :: I ~ t i9//,fls 3 (I I h )-' (/ C/YY) ) :f1tlm., 5J.oprn 3 /1 ni- ::!/cmj 6:lo,mL 5;J(J, I'nLj L j )Od~ rr Sf -20 d L 7/tJ7Jl>mL.// ~ 4. A volume of 520. cm 3 i equivalent to: 5. 2-odL J / L. 5Jo~ ml 5.).0 dl ' 520 L (IOdL 5. Make the following converion (Expre your anwer in cientific notation.) a kmtonm,0024imll~m J IXI(J~nh) _ 2,4x /0 ' n/y) rl Mn /1m /, tt( Ix a,w~i, b. 3.5 g/dm 3 to mg/mm 3 1" /f!otvrn }.J/ (J 1..) J ) 0"lf0~, :: 3. S-)< /6-3mJ 00-1 J dm 1(1L) ~ I{/(J1JO mn?);' Q ml11 J )tu~m-is c. 95 yard to cm (3 feet in ard; 2.54 cm in 1 inch) 'r:7 ~ 9j~.3 12,54 ~ % 36.2(/)11 =- ita:;.:- g. 'Ix /()~ on? t <rj 6. You feel a bit f ~~ r h a~ ta ~ Y6ur temperature ~ ith a lab thermometer, marked in degree kelvin. It read 310 K. What i your Fahrenheit temperature? [Remember (OF) = 1.8 (OC) + 32 and K = C -273] 3J6K.-.21ic.- 31"C (31"C)(;'C)fJ.:J : 99,( tj F ~ C]9 of Work on the following problem, paying attention to ig. fig. 7. Write down your height. Convert it to centimeter (cm.) 5_ ft. 1_ in. = cm. 5 ffj,jpi? :: toh; 1 til. r 'len J.l. 510'7- ~. /1O.1't :: It 1) /a'l0'r1 P-r I If.- r I III 8. A child' andbox i 4.0 ft. wide, 4.0 ft. long and 9.0 in deep. If there are, on the average, 55 grain of and per mm 3, how many grain of and are there in the andbox? 't,oel11&/17 ~ 48' m Illf j (..2 f'". J~ ' ) 4KV'v) X 4fvn X 1,ov-n ~.20 f J( Vn ;} r'j

4 2. Do the following calculation and expre the anwer to the correct number of ig. fi 9 /.3 dt.c.vrn;j = I 5J ~ (Olf r-1'1 tj-tj{ _ (),O/ f( , ~4 2 "-....; tkcvm4 / I t!uatn..( :- 4-". (fi /,.ft )( 10 ~ ~>hj = ( K.4-2 :- "k.(),() ::: "l f) t{j7.t1l,j01) 1. to )( 10 ~ Dimenional Analyi - Thi technique can be ued to change unit (K --7 DC) and alo a an aid in olving problem, by carefully keeping track of unit. SI Unit and converion factor are lited in Appendix 6 (A26) in the textbook. A table of metric to Englih converion factor i on page 16 of the textbook.. A certain proce yield 4.85 x g of a chemical product per econd. How many kilogram will be produced in five day of continuou reaction? Start with what you know on the left and what you are trying to find on the right x =_kg Then find converion factor, which allow you to change your unit....:...4.:...::;.8~5...:...x'-1.:...:0'- 2~+--=c=...:"--+-=c..=...:...:.='-+-=-:...~~=..:;;;..'--=+--"-~"--= kg Finally, determine the number of ig. fig. The firt term ha 3 ig. fig. All of the other factor are definition, and have 00 ig. fig. So, the anwer will be limited to 3 ig. fig., 21.0 kg. In the converion factor the value of the numerator and denominator are the ame; 60 econd = 1 minute, 24 hour = 1 day. The final converion unit illutrate the ue of metric prefixe; 1000 gram = 1 kilogram. It i important to know thee commonly ued prefixe. 3. Fill in the miing information in the following chart. Metric prefix Symbol Exponent fr.l1.a M /1)& namo )1 1O ~ deci It) I t7l m1t1" A 10'0 (J1CO P /O -/l.. kilo ~ /0 3 m Ill, m /(J -J CbVJW; c.. 10'<'

5 2. 0 -:; 3b0?"3 ( J. 54O'm)J (10 trjrrj) 3 ]v- :: I ~ t i9//,fls 3 (I I h )-' (/ C/YY) ) :f1tlm., 5J.oprn 3 /1 ni- ::!/cmj 6:lo,mL 5;J(J, I'nLj L j )Od~ rr Sf -20 d L 7/tJ7Jl>mL.// ~ 4. A volume of 520. cm 3 i equivalent to: 5. 2-odL J / L. 5Jo~ ml 5.).0 dl ' 520 L (IOdL 5. Make the following converion (Expre your anwer in cientific notation.) a kmtonm,0024imll~m J IXI(J~nh) _ 2,4x /0 ' n/y) rl Mn /1m /, tt( Ix a,w~i, b. 3.5 g/dm 3 to mg/mm 3 1" /f!otvrn }.J/ (J 1..) J ) 0"lf0~, :: 3. S-)< /6-3mJ 00-1 J dm 1(1L) ~ I{/(J1JO mn?);' Q ml11 J )tu~m-is c. 95 yard to cm (3 feet in ard; 2.54 cm in 1 inch) 'r:7 ~ 9j~.3 12,54 ~ % 36.2(/)11 =- ita:;.:- g. 'Ix /()~ on? t <rj 6. You feel a bit f ~~ r h a~ ta ~ Y6ur temperature ~ ith a lab thermometer, marked in degree kelvin. It read 310 K. What i your Fahrenheit temperature? [Remember (OF) = 1.8 (OC) + 32 and K = C -273] 3J6K.-.21ic.- 31"C (31"C)(;'C)fJ.:J : 99,( tj F ~ C]9 of Work on the following problem, paying attention to ig. fig. 7. Write down your height. Convert it to centimeter (cm.) 5_ ft. 1_ in. = cm. 5 ffj,jpi? :: toh; 1 til. r 'len J.l. 510'7- ~. /1O.1't :: It 1) /a'l0'r1 P-r I If.- r I III 8. A child' andbox i 4.0 ft. wide, 4.0 ft. long and 9.0 in deep. If there are, on the average, 55 grain of and per mm 3, how many grain of and are there in the andbox? 't,oel11&/17 ~ 48' m Illf j (..2 f'". J~ ' ) 4KV'v) X 4fvn X 1,ov-n ~.20 f J( Vn ;} r'j