Joint Channel Estimation and Co-Channel Interference Mitigation in Wireless Networks Using Belief Propagation

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1 Joint Channel Estimation and Co-Channel Interference Mitigation in Wireless Networks Using Belief Propagation Yan Zhu, Dongning Guo and Michael L. Honig Northwestern University May. 21, 2008 Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 1 / 17

2 Introduction Key Challenges in Wireless Networks 10 5 Channel Uncertainty (fading) Channel Gain in db Time in Seconds Interference Desired Signal Co Channel Interference Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 2 / 17

3 System Model System Model Interference: Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i N i CN (0, σn 2 ), H i CN (0, σ 2 H ), H i CN (0, σ 2 H ), X i, X i {±1}. Fading process Problem i = 1... n H i = αh i α 2 W i H i = αh i α 2 W i (α 1) Given Y 1... Y n and known pilots in X 1... X n, detect the remaining unknown symbols in X 1... X n. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 3 / 17

4 System Model System Model Interference: Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i N i CN (0, σn 2 ), H i CN (0, σ 2 H ), H i CN (0, σ 2 H ), X i, X i {±1}. Fading process Problem i = 1... n H i = αh i α 2 W i H i = αh i α 2 W i (α 1) Given Y 1... Y n and known pilots in X 1... X n, detect the remaining unknown symbols in X 1... X n. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 3 / 17

5 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Graphical Model Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i 1 α 2 W i H i = αh i 1 + H i = αh i α 2 W i i = 1... n Observation H i X i (i = 1... n) is not Gaussian process; treating it as Gaussian leads to poor performance. We propose Using statistical inference on factor graph to solve this problem. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 4 / 17

6 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Graphical Model Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i 1 α 2 W i H i = αh i 1 + H i = αh i α 2 W i i = 1... n Observation H i X i (i = 1... n) is not Gaussian process; treating it as Gaussian leads to poor performance. We propose Using statistical inference on factor graph to solve this problem. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 4 / 17

7 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Graphical Model Graphical Model {H i, H i } form a Markov Chain. Conditioned on {H i, H i }, (Y i, X i, X i ) is independent over time. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 5 / 17

8 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Graphical Model Graphical Model {H i, H i } form a Markov Chain. Conditioned on {H i, H i }, (Y i, X i, X i ) is independent over time. Hi = αhi α 2 Wi H i = αh i α 2 W i H i 1,H i 1 H i,h i H i+1,h i+1 X i 1,X i 1 X i,x i X i+1,x i+1 Yi = HiXi + H i X i + Ni Y i 1 Y i Y i+1 Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 5 / 17

9 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Statistical Inference Via Message Passing Message Passing Optimal detection on the unknown X i computation of p(x i y n 1 ). H i 1,H i 1 H i,h i H i+1,h i+1 X i 1,X i 1 X i,x i X i+1,x i+1 Y i 1 Y i Y i+1 The key is to compute p(h i, h i similar to the BCJR algorithm. y i 1 1 ) and p(h i, h i y n i+1 ) recursively. It is Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 6 / 17

10 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Statistical Inference Via Message Passing Message Passing Optimal detection on the unknown X i computation of p(x i y n 1 ). H i 1,H i 1 H i,h i H i+1,h i+1 p(hi,h i yi 1 1,yi+1 n ) X i 1,X i 1 X i,x i p(x i y n 1) X i+1,x i+1 yi Y i 1 Y i Y i+1 The key is to compute p(h i, h i similar to the BCJR algorithm. y i 1 1 ) and p(h i, h i y n i+1 ) recursively. It is Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 6 / 17

11 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Statistical Inference Via Message Passing Message Passing Optimal detection on the unknown X i computation of p(x i y n 1 ). p(hi,h i yi 1 1 ) p(hi,h i yn i+1 ) H i 1,H i 1 H i,h i H i+1,h i+1 p(hi,h i yi 1 1,yi+1 n ) X i 1,X i 1 X i,x i p(x i y n 1) X i+1,x i+1 yi Y i 1 Y i Y i+1 The key is to compute p(h i, h i similar to the BCJR algorithm. y i 1 1 ) and p(h i, h i y n i+1 ) recursively. It is Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 6 / 17

12 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Statistical Inference Via Message Passing Message Passing Optimal detection on the unknown X i computation of p(x i y n 1 ). p(hi 1,h i 1 yi 2 1 ) H i 1,H i 1 p(hi 1,h i 1 yi 1 1 ) p(hi,h i yi 1 1 ) p(hi,h i yn i+1 ) H i,h i p(hi+1,h i+1 yn i+1 ) p(hi+1,h i+1 yn i+2 ) H i+1,h i+1 p(hi 1,h i 1 yi 1,xi,x i ) p(x i y n 1) p(hi,h i yi 1 1,yi+1 n ) p(hi 1,h i 1 yi 1,xi,x i ) X i 1,X i 1 X i,x i X i+1,x i+1 yi Y i 1 Y i Y i+1 The key is to compute p(h i, h i similar to the BCJR algorithm. y i 1 1 ) and p(h i, h i y n i+1 ) recursively. It is Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 6 / 17

13 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Practical Issues Practical Issues (1/2) Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1 Xi 1,X i 1 Xi,X i Xi+1,X i+1 Yi 1 Yi Yi+1 All r.v. s on graph are either Gaussian or discrete; the messages are of mixture Gaussian form. j ρ jcn (h i, h i ; m j, K j ). Enough to pass amplitudes, means and variances. No integrals. No cycle The BP algorithm is ultimately optimal. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 7 / 17

14 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Practical Issues Practical Issues (1/2) Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1 Xi 1,X i 1 Xi,X i Xi+1,X i+1 Yi 1 Yi Yi+1 All r.v. s on graph are either Gaussian or discrete; the messages are of mixture Gaussian form. j ρ jcn (h i, h i ; m j, K j ). Enough to pass amplitudes, means and variances. No integrals. No cycle The BP algorithm is ultimately optimal. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 7 / 17

15 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Practical Issues Practical Issues (1/2) Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1 Xi 1,X i 1 Xi,X i Xi+1,X i+1 Yi 1 Yi Yi+1 All r.v. s on graph are either Gaussian or discrete; the messages are of mixture Gaussian form. j ρ jcn (h i, h i ; m j, K j ). Enough to pass amplitudes, means and variances. No integrals. No cycle The BP algorithm is ultimately optimal. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 7 / 17

16 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Practical Issues Practical Issues (2/2) Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1 Xi 1,X i 1 Xi,X i Xi+1,X i+1 Yi 1 Yi Yi+1 The number of Gaussian components increases exponentially as belief propagates and can only be approximated from time to time. Here, we limit the maximum number of Gaussian components in each step. Complexity is constant per bit. (The constant is typically larger than linear estimation) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 8 / 17

17 Graphical Model and Belief Propagation Algorithm Practical Issues Practical Issues (2/2) Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1 Xi 1,X i 1 Xi,X i Xi+1,X i+1 Yi 1 Yi Yi+1 The number of Gaussian components increases exponentially as belief propagates and can only be approximated from time to time. Here, we limit the maximum number of Gaussian components in each step. Complexity is constant per bit. (The constant is typically larger than linear estimation) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 8 / 17

18 Simulation Results Performance Evaluation Simulation Conditions uncoded system. snr = σh 2 /σ2 N and α =.99. block length 200; one pilot every 4 symbols. We compare the following receivers: 1 BP. 2 Linear-MMSE channel estimation: Interference treated as white Gaussian noise. 3 Genie-aided ML: A genie reveals channel to receiver. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 9 / 17

19 Simulation Results BER Performance Medium Interference: Interference 3dB weaker Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i 10 0 Linear MMSE Alg. Bit Error Performance Genie aided ML BP Alg SNR (db) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 10 / 17

20 Simulation Results BER Performance Strong Interference: Interference with same strength Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i 10 0 Linear MMSE Alg. Bit Error Performance Genie aided ML BP Alg SNR (db) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 11 / 17

21 Simulation Results BER Performance Weak Interference: Interference 10dB weaker Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i 10 0 Bit Error Performance Genie aided ML Linear MMSE Alg. BP Alg SNR (db) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 12 / 17

22 Simulation Results Channel Estimation Channel estimation under medium interference Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i Average Mean Squared Error of Channel Estimates (db) BP Alg. Linear MMSE Alg SNR (db) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 13 / 17

23 Simulation Results Channel Estimation Channel estimation under medium interference Y i = H i X i + H i X i + N i Average Mean Squared Error of Channel Estimates (db) BP Alg. Linear MMSE Alg SNR (db) Im True Value of H i Complex Plane Belief of H i, i.e., p(h i y 1 n ) Re Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 13 / 17

24 Simulation Results Effect of Mixture Approximation Effect of Mixture Approximation Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1 Xi 1,X i 1 Xi,X i Xi+1,X i+1 Yi 1 Yi Yi Bit Error Performance Components 4 Components 8 Components 16 Components SNR (db) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 14 / 17

25 Conclusions and More Recent Results Conclusions and More Recent Results Joint channel estimation and interference mitigation based on BP. Unlike linear receivers, BP exploits the non-gaussian statistics of the interference. Constant complexity per bit. Simulation shows significant gain over linear receiver. Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 15 / 17

26 Conclusions and More Recent Results More Recent Result: Factor graph with LDPC code Hi 1,H i 1 Hi,H i Hi+1,H i+1... Hj,H j Yi 1,X i 1 Yi,X i Yi+1,X i+1... Yj,X j Xi 1 Xi Xi+1... Xj... LDPC Check Nodes Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 16 / 17

27 Conclusions and More Recent Results More Recent Result: BER performance with MIMO and LDPC 10 0 Bit Error Performance BP separate Det./Dec. Joint BP Alg. Linear MMSE Alg. ML with full CSI SNR (db) Y. Zhu, D. Guo and M. Honig (EECS) 17 / 17

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