Fundamentals of Photonics Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Photonics ahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Cal Teich 송석호 Physics Depatment (Room #36-4) -93, , Midtem Exam 3%, Final Exam 3%, Homewok %, Attend %

2 < /4> Couse outline

3 < /4> Couse outline (Supplements) Fom Maxwell Eqs to wave equations Optical popeties of mateials Optical popeties of metals

4 < 3/4> Couse outline

5 < 4/4> Couse outline

6 Optics

7 Also, see Figue -, Pedotti

8 (Genesis -3) And God said, "Let thee be light," and thee was light.

9 A it of Histoy...and the foot of it of bass, of the lookingglasses of the women assembling, (Exodus 38:8) Rectilinea Popagation (Euclid) Shotest Path (Almost Right!) (Heo of Alexandia) Plane of Incidence Cuved Mios (Al Hazen) Empiical Law of Refaction (Snell) Light as Pessue Wave (Descates) Law of Least Time (Femat) v<c, & Two Kinds of Light (Huygens) Copuscles, Ethe (Newton) Wave Theoy (Longitudinal) (Fesnel) Tansvese Wave, Polaization Intefeence (Young) Light & Magnetism (Faaday) EM Theoy (Maxwell) Rejection of Ethe, Ealy QM (Poincae, Einstein) (Chuck DiMazio, Notheasten Univesity)

10 Moe Recent Histoy Polaoid Sheets (Land) Optical Fibe (Lamm) Quantum Mechanics Speed/Light (Michaelson) Spont. Emission (Einstein) Phase Contast (Zenicke) SM Fibe (Hicks) Optical Mase (Schalow, Townes) Hologaphy (Gabo) Lase (Maiman) HeNe (Javan) GaAs (4 Goups) CO (Patel) Many New Lases Ebium Fibe Amp FEL (Madey) Commecial Fibe Link (Chicago) Hubble Telescope (Chuck DiMazio, Notheasten Univesity)

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12 Let s wam-up 일반물리 전자기학

13 Question How does the light popagate though a glass medium? () though the voids inside the mateial. () though the elastic collision with matte, like as fo a sound. (3) though the seconday waves geneated inside the medium. Seconday on-going wave Pimay incident wave What about diection? Constuct the wave font tangent to the wavelets

14 Electomagnetic Waves Maxwell s Equation E da Q ε da dφ E ds dt ds μ i + ε μ dφ dt E Gauss s Law No magnetic monopole Faaday s Law (Induction) Ampee-Maxwell s Law

15 Maxwell s Equation E da da E ds ds μ Edv ρ ε dv E da da μ j da + μ ε dv d dt da dφ E i + με dt d E da dt E ε μ j + μ E ε j d μ( j + j d ) t ρ E t Gauss s Law ε No magnetic monopole Faaday s Law (Induction) E t Ampee-Maxwell s Law

16 Wave equations t E t E μ ε ( ) t t E t ε μ ε μ ( ) k z j y i x ˆ ˆ ˆ + + ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )C A C A C A t ε μ t E E ε μ t x ε μ t E x E ε μ Wave equations In vacuum

17 Scala wave equation Ψ x Ψ t με Ψ Ψ cos( kx t) ω k μ ε ω ω k μ ε v c Speed of Light 8 8 c.9979 m / sec 3 m / s

18 Tansvese Electo-Magnetic (TEM) waves με E t E Electomagnetic Wave

19 Enegy caied by Electomagnetic Waves Poynting Vecto : Intensity of an electomagnetic wave E S μ c E c E S μ μ μ (Watt/m ) c E E u E ε Enegy density associated with an Electic field : u μ Enegy density associated with a Magnetic field :

20 Reflection and Refaction Smooth suface Rough suface Reflected ay θ θ n n n sinθ n sinθ Refacted ay

21 Reflection and Refaction In dielectic media, c n( λ ) v ( λ) με( λ) μ ε (Mateial) Dispesion

22 Intefeence & Diffaction

23 Reflection and Intefeence in Thin Films 8 º Phase change of the eflected light by a media with a lage n No Phase change of the eflected light by a media with a smalle n

24 Intefeence in Thin Films n Phase change: π No Phase change t δ t ( m + ) λ ( m + ) λ n ight ( m,,, 3, ) δ t mλn n m n λ Dak ( m,, 3, ) n n Phase change: π t Phase change: π n > n δ t mλ n m n λ ight ( m,, 3, ) δ t ( m + ) λ n ( m + ) λ n ight ( m,,, 3, )

25 Intefeence Young s Double-Slit Expeiment

26 Intefeence The path diffeence δ d sin θ mλ δ d sinθ ( m + )λ δ d sin θ ight finges m,,, Dak finges m,,, The phase diffeence φ δ λ π πd sin θ λ

27 Diffaction Hecht, Optics, Chapte

28 Diffaction

29 Diffaction Gating

30 Diffaction of X-ays by Cystals Incident beam Reflected beam θ θ θ d dsinθ d sinθ mλ : agg s Law

31 Regimes of Optical Diffaction d >> λ d ~ λ d << λ Fa-field Faunhofe Nea-field Fesnel Evanescent-field Vecto diffaction