ICAN The laser Response to Grand Scientific and Societal Challenges

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1 ICAN The laser Response to Grand Scientific and Societal Challenges Gérard Mourou Toshiki Tajima IZEST (International Zetta-Exawatt Science and Technology) Ecole Polytechnique G. Mourou, W. Brockelby, J. Limpert, T. Tajima, Nature Photonics April(2013) G. Mourou 1 Outline Introducing the Coherent Network Amplification Concept. A Hot pursuit to produce Simultaneous Peak, Average Power and Efficiency Possible Bottlenecks and validations Noise measurement Fiber-to-fiber phase measurement Phase Error Correction Possible limits: moving from analog to digital laser Applications Proton Colliders (Tevatron, LHC) Neutron sources (SNS, ESS) Neutrino Sources(SNS, ESS) Radioactive Ion Beam (FRIB, Eurisol) Accelerator Driven Systems(Ch-ADS,MYRRHA) Electron linear collider Muon collider Higgs Factory Free Electron laser at 10kHz G. Mourou 2 1

2 Introduction It is possible to produce UltraHigh Peak Power To the PW level (CPA, G. Mourou, D. Strickland) It is also possible to transduce the laser peak power into high energy electron/proton (LWA, T. Tajima, Dawson), GeV /cm (W. Leeman). However, the lack of Average Power (Rep. Rate Hz) and its dismal efficiency (10-4), profoundly impairs the applications. G. Mourou 3 Extreme Light Road Map LMJ/NIF, 2MJ, 3B Vacuum Polarization E p =m p c 2 MJ XCELS kj IZEST C 3 TeV GeV ELI, kj.3 B E e =m 0 c 2 J MeV mj ev G. Mourou 4 2

3 Output: = 40W G. Mourou 5 It s a light bulb! Wall plug input 150kW output 40 W Efficiency G. Mourou 6 3

4 For the field s future, we need to Take care of the Average powerefficiency conundrum. G. Mourou 7 TeV Collider G. Mourou 8 4

1J LULI 2000 pico 2000 LULI LULI 100TW Commercial - - - 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 1 10 Taux de repetition 150J/.

5 10MJ 1MJ Etat de l Art (HEEAUP 2005): collider consideration LMJ/NIF Laser Fusion 15MW Linear Accelerator100MW Neutron Source Neutrino ADS 100kJ LIL 10kJ 1kJ 100J 10J 1J.1J LULI 2000 pico 2000 LULI LULI 100TW Commercial Taux de repetition 150J/.1Hz Jena 100J/10Hz Luli Mourou (2005) 9 Mourou/ICAN (2011) G. Mourou Coherent Amplifying Network CAN A Revolution in Laser Architecture G. Mourou, W. Brockelby, J. Limpert, T. Tajima, Nature Photonics April(2013) G. Mourou 10 5

6 What is ICAN? A EU funded Project A Revolutionary laser Architecture with the mission to provide: 1. Peak Power PW 2. Average Power MW (leap of 10^4 ) 3. Excellent wall plug to laser efficiency 30-40% (leap of 10^4) 4. Rep. Rate 10^4 (leap of 10^4) 5. Total Phase and Amplitude Control G. Mourou 11 ICAN : An Enormous Challenge that takes the World Wide Community G. Mourou 12 6

7 G. Mourou 13 However Need to Phase 32 J/1mJ/fiber~ Phased Fibers!! (G. Mourou patent 2005) Eidam, T. et al. Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 38 GW peak power. Optics Express 19, 255 (2010). Electron/positron beam Transport fibers ~1mm ~70cm Length of a fiber ~2m Total G. Mourou fiber length~ km 14 7

8 G. Mourou 15 A very analog problem to CAN is The Extreme Large Telescope (42m): 1000 mirrors, actuators, 2kHz sampling rate G. Mourou 16 8

Rational Behind Fiber Choice The fiber choice comes from the current thinking in the community: that the highest brigthness will come from advances in fiber lasers.

9 Rational Behind Fiber Choice The fiber choice comes from the current thinking in the community: that the highest brigthness will come from advances in fiber lasers. modern lasers will try to eliminate bulk components as much as possible to the benefit of fibers. G. Mourou 17 The basic brick: the Yb doped Single mode fiber G. Mourou 18 9

10 The CAN Concept The basic CAN concept relies on: Massive Yb-Fiber phase array Yb-Fiber is diode pumpable insuring the best efficiency, 30-40% Yb-Fiber has a low quatum defect Fiber provides a large cooling area Fiber is resilient to thermal distorsion Fiber provides the best beam quality Fiber is Compatible with massive manufacturing The 4 major hurdles to overcome Phasing measurement and error signal control(demonstrated) Phasing 64 fibers and extension to 10 4 fibers (demonstrated) Nonlinear effects in fiber keeping them under contro l(demonstrated Cost and massive manufacturing G. Mourou 19 CAN Basic Bricks The Yb-doped Fiber (continued) Yb:fiber transforms efficiently (70%) of low quality inexpensive ($5-10/W) light from a diode laser into a high quality single mode light with outstanding beam quality. Fiber provides the highest beam quality with the highest laser efficiency. The fiber can be precisely reproduced and pumped with 0.1% pump power precision/fluctuation Single fiber can produce up to 2mJ, 200fs pulse with an average power ~ 800W, 40kHz (Jena Group) A Phased-Fiber-Array emitting 50J, 50fs will be composed of fibers. Is it conceivable? G. Mourou 20 10

11 First Step: Understanding the Fiber Laser Noise G. Mourou 21 ICAN Sources of Phase Noise G. Mourou 22 11

12 Source of Phase Noise (100W CW) (Extremely low f> 10Hz) l/6 l/600 l/6000 Thermal <10Hz Vibration 10Hz- 1Hz Electrical <1kHz G. Mourou 23 Second Step: Micron Precision Fiber Assembly Fabrication G. Mourou 24 12

13 The fiber must be mounted on a precision mechanical mount. Each fiber is at the focus of a lens,forming a microlens array matrix G. Mourou 25 Microlens Arrays G. Mourou 26 13

14 Third Step: Fiber-to-Fiber Phase Shift Measurement: The Quadriwave Lateral Shearing Interferometer G. Mourou 27 G. Mourou 28 14

Phase Noise Measurement with a Quadrilateral Shearing Interferometer (10 4 fibers with l/60 precision at khz) 1) Grating Making 4 replicas of each fiber 2) Neighbor fibers

Mourou modulator Only 6 pixels are necessary to reach l/60 precision.

15 Phase Noise Measurement with a Quadrilateral Shearing Interferometer (10 4 fibers with l/60 precision at khz) 1) Grating Making 4 replicas of each fiber 2) Neighbor fibers interfer with replicas Making fringes 3) A phase map is captured every ms, making possible phase correction with phase G. Mourou modulator Only 6 pixels are necessary to reach l/60 precision. 29 Phase Noise Measurement with a Quadrilateral Shearing Interferometer (10 4 fibers with l/60 precision at khz) For 10 4 fibers, 6 pixels per fiber for a resolution of 1kHz, off-the-shelf camera with 10 6 /1kHz are available. Algorithm to control the phase distribution of fibers 40Gops Possible with a GPU. G. Mourou 30 15

16 Fourth step: Phase Correction by Optical Modulator G. Mourou 31 G. Mourou 32 16

17 J. Bourderionnet, A. Brignon (Thales), C. Bellanger, J. Primot (ONERA) Coherent Fiber Combining Phase processing and feedback loop 1W PM EDFA 1 2 splitters 1W PM EDFAs fiber array 2:1image relay QWLSI polar. controller lenslet array laser output Laser diode 1.55µm 1 16 splitters 16 4-channels PLZT phase modulators far-field observation Achievement phase-locked fibers G. Mourou CW fibers have been phased (This experiment in fact validates an extension possible to >10 4 phased fibers at 1kHz) G. Mourou 34 17

Fifth Step: Measuring and keeping at Bay the Nonlinear effects G. Mourou 35 CAN results / phase locking technique In the femtosecond Combining efficiency > 90% L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, D.

18 Fifth Step: Measuring and keeping at Bay the Nonlinear effects G. Mourou 35 CAN results / phase locking technique In the femtosecond Combining efficiency > 90% L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, P. Georges Coherent combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplifiers Oral : Advanced Solid State Photonics, ASSP 2011, Istanbul, Turkey (February ) Accepted: Optics Letters, L. Daniault et al, «Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplifiers» G. Mourou 36 18

19 CAN recent results / phase locking technique (2) Autocorrelations 325 fs pulsewidth Spectra 4.3 nm FWHM G. Mourou 37 Next Action Item A National/European/ International Infrastructure Firts Create ICAN Consortium ICAN-C (Academe, industry) An infrastructure highly relevant to science, societal Applications with the specifications >50J, >10kHz, >30% efficient (>10kW capable to produce 10GeV electrons and GeV(relativistic protons). Such an infrastruture could validate a: 1. TeV laser collider concept 2. Free Electron Laser in the High X-ray regime comparable to LCLS-SLAC but at >1kHz. 3. ADS Accelerator Driven System Transmutation 4. Proton therapy 5. X- ray, Gamma ray G. Mourou 38 19

20 6 th Step: The cost G. Mourou 39 Fiber pigtailed single emitters VS stacks Cost in / Watt 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 Optiques Chiller Electronique de contrôle Alim. élect. Emetteur 2,00 1,00-2D Stacks Fibered emitters 1 2 G. Mourou 40 20

21 Cost of a PW@10kHz Cost based on 7 /watt for a 50J/pulse at 10kHz Average power 500kW Wall plug efficiency: 30% Factor 50% for the grating efficiency A factor of 3 is taken to go from diode cost to the full system cost System cost ~ 70M G. Mourou 41 Autres Avantages Total Phase control: Towards the Digital laser G. Mourou 42 21

Total Control of Phase and Amplitude of each Fiber over the Beam Cross Section Total phase et amplitude control of each fiber avec: Une grande precision sur la phase <1% et

Mourou 43 The ICAN-concept: a versatile digital laser Choose a far-field of your liking Fourier transform provides E and φ distribution for fibres Bessel J 1 (r)/r top-hat High

22 Total Control of Phase and Amplitude of each Fiber over the Beam Cross Section Total phase et amplitude control of each fiber avec: Une grande precision sur la phase <1% et amplitude <1% Une grande definition spatiale 10 6 fibers. Une Extreme agility 1kHz G. Mourou 43 The ICAN-concept: a versatile digital laser Choose a far-field of your liking Fourier transform provides E and φ distribution for fibres Bessel J 1 (r)/r top-hat High Resolution Phase and Amplitude control across the out put pupil at 1KHz top-hat model is example of complete control of the laser electromagnetic field Megawatt ICF-application: randomize phase in order to minimize coherent excitation of parametric instabilities (SBS, SRS) G. Mourou 44 22

23 G. Mourou 45 The 7th Step: the Applications G. Mourou 46 23

24 Extreme Light Road Map LMJ/NIF, 2MJ, 3B Vacuum Polarization E p =m p c 2 MJ XCELS kj IZEST C 3 TeV GeV ELI, kj.3 B E e =m 0 c 2 J MeV mj ev G. Mourou 47 Scientific and Societal Applications of Relativistic, electron Protons(>GeV) Megawatt Power level (B ) Proton Colliders (Tevatron, LHC) Neutron sources (SNS, ESS) Neutrino Sources(SNS, ESS) Radioactive Ion Beam (FRIB, Eurisol) Accelerator Driven Systems(Ch-ADS,MYRRHA) Electron linear collider Muon collider Free Electron laser at 10kHz Higgs factory G. Mourou 48 24

25 IZEST Meeting at Styrathclide Nov Sharing a Laugth with P. Higgs ICAN Gerard Mourou Societal Application Nuclear Waste Transmutation ADS(Accelerator Driven System) G. Mourou 50 25

26 Transmutation G. Mourou 51 G. Mourou 52 26

27 G. Mourou 53 ICAN APPLICATIONS Accelerator Driven System MYRRHA Radioactive Ion Beam Free Electron Laser European Spallation Source G. Mourou 54 27

28 International Coherent Amplifying Network at CERN «Laser Response to Grand Scientific and Societal Challenges» Report of the ICAN Creation of the ICAN-C Genève June 27-28,2013 Contact:IZEST C athy Sarrazin Catherine.sarrazin@polytechnique.edu G. Mourou 55 Laser Acceleration-Telecom virtuous Cycle Coherent Amplifying Network+ Laser Wake Field WWW Tim Berners-Lee Optical Fiber Charles Kao G. Mourou 56 28

29 Acknowledgements CERN J.P. Koutchouck ORC, Southampton D. Payne W. Brocklesby D. Nilson Fraunhofer Institute, Jena A. Tunnermann J. Limpert T. Schrieber Ecole Polytechnique Thales A. Brignon J. Borderionnet ONERA C. Bellanger J. Primot L. Lombard V. Michau Institut d',optique M. Hanna L. Daniault U. Michigan A. Galvanauskas G. Mourou 57 G. Mourou 58 29

Can the Futur of Accelerator Be Fibers?

Can the Futur of Accelerator Be Fibers? The discovery of this particle is potentially the beginning of another road, which is to explore what lies beyond the Standard Model - Peter Higgs Gerard Mourou