Overview of Frequency Metrology at NMIJ
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1 Overview of Frequency Metrology at NMIJ Tomonari SUZUYAMA (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) APMP TCTF 2015 Beijing, CHINA 2 nd - 3 rd November 2015
2 Outline The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Structure of the national metrology institute of Japan (NMIJ) Research Institute for Physical Measurement Time Standards Group Frequency Measurement Group
3 Structure of NMIJ The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) NMIJ Enviroment and Energy Life Science and Biotechnology Information Technology and Human Factors Materials and Chemistry Electronics and Manufacturing Geological Survey of Japan
4 Structure of NMIJ Structure of NMIJ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Research Promotion Division of NMIJ Research Institute for Engineering Measurement Research Institute for Physical Measurement Time Standards Group Frequency Measurement Group Quantum Electrical Standards Group Applied Electrical Standards Group Electromagnetic Measurement Group Radio-Frequency Standards Group Electromagnetic Fields Standards Group Thermometry Research Group Frontier Thermometry Research Group Applied Thermal Measurement Group Photometry and Radiometry Research Group Laser Radiometry Research Group Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation Center for Quality Management of Metrology
5 Time Standards Group Members: K. Hosaka M. Amemiya K. Hagimoto M. Yasuda T. Suzuyama D. Akamatsu T. Kobayashi A. Okuda T. Ikegami* S. Yanagimachi* A. Takamizawa* F.-L. Hong (invite) Main tasks Upgrading UTC(NMIJ) Time and frequency transfer Calibration service: time and frequency Yb and Sr optical lattice clocks Narrow linewidth lasers Cs atomic fountains* Cryocooled cryogenic sapphire oscillator* Calibration service: phase noise* * Radio-Frequency Standards Group
6 UTC(NMIJ) generation system and time transfer link National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology UTC(NMIJ) is generated by reference signal from one hydrogen maser steered by an AOG. Clocks at NMIJ - 4 hydrogen masers 1 RH401A made by Anritsu 1 VCH-1003M made by VREMYA 1 SD1T01A made by Anritsu 1 CH1-75A made by KVARZ CH1-75A is the reference oscillator of UTC(NMIJ) Cs clocks 5071A with high performance beam tube Time Transfer Link - UTC PPP (GPS carrier phase) using Z12-T: main time transfer tool - TWSTFT : backup tool
7 Measurement system for UTC(NMIJ)
8 UTC-UTC(NMIJ) : Timescale 4 years (April 2010 March 2014)
9 UTC-UTC(NMIJ) : Frequency deviation 4 years (April 2010 March 2014)
10 NMIJ s earth station configuration air-conditioned storehouse chamber Europe link Asia link Up&Down converter and SSPA
11 Optical Carrier Transfer System at NMIJ Experimental Set Up
12 Remote Frequency Calibration Service by NMIJ (1) GPS UTC(NMIJ) AIST(NMIJ) GPS Receiver jcss Calibration Certificate Registered establishment site Data server Web Published Data Data Download Internal oscillator is synchronized to UTC(NMIJ) with the NMIJ web site data Data Upload Internet
13 Scope of calibration CMC (k=2) Remote Frequency Calibration Service by NMIJ (2) Condition Averaging time:1day Baseline:50 km 5 MHz, 10 MHz Averaging time:1day Baseline:500 km Averaging time:1day Baseline:1600 km Number of users: 17 (on the rise year by year) More content about remote frequency calibration was presented in the ATF2015 on Oct. 31.
14 14 Atomic fountains at NMIJ 3 fountains NMIJ-F1: Long term operation at uncertainty ~ Now being rebuilt. Frequenly report of data to BIPM Reference for NMIJ-F2 and optical lattice clocks NMIJ-F2: Uncertainty < Now being developed. High contribution to TAI More precise reference for optical lattice clocks Truncated beam fountain: Proof of principle, uncertainty Collisional shift and frequency stability New proposal: A. Takamizawa et al., PRA 82, (2010).
15 15 NMIJ-F2 Ramsey cavity Selection cavity Detection beam Ion pump 55 l/s 10 cm C-field coil Magnetic shielding Detection chamber NEG pump Microwave cavities which are part of the vacuum vessel (S. R. Jefferts et al., Proc. of the 1998 IEEE FCS, p. 6) Decrease of the uncertainty caused by microwave power dependence High power laser 60 mw per cooling-beam Optical pumping to m F =0 (K. Szymaniec et al., Appl. Phys. B, to be published.) Increase in detected atoms ( atoms) Improvement of frequency stability Cs Cooling beam Trapping chamber Helmholtz coils Cryocooled Sapphire oscillator (cryocso) (J. G. Hartnett et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, (2012).) Local oscillator with <10-15 at 1s Improvement of frequency stability
16 Transition Probability National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 16 Ramsey fringes Interrogation time: 0.69 s Frequency detuning (Hz) The narrow fringes are observed by virtue of the quite long interrogation time. Width : 0.7 Hz, Contrast: 0.95
17 17 Frequency stability Local oscillator and reference: Cryocooled Sapphire Oscillator The Dick effect is eliminated. Reach the QPN limit to within 11% Only NMIJ-F2 and SYRTE-FOM reach below t -1/2 in the fountains using vapor-loaded optical molasses. (A. Takamizawa et al., IEEE UFFC, 61, (2014).)
18 Frequency shifts (i) Microwave power dependence 5 days measurement each point Measured agaist PFS. Ansin(np/2) A = (1.0±1.1) (ii) Collisional shift Good linearity The type B uncertainty, , will be smaller by longer measurement.
19 Preliminary error budget Effect Correction ( ) Uncertainty ( ) 2nd-order Zeeman Blackbody radiation < 0.1 Collisional shift Distributed cavity phase Power dependence Gravitational shift Total type B (A. Takamizawa et al., IEEE IM, 64, 2504 (2015).)
20 Allan deviation Cryocooler-cooled Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator We modified both of the 2 liquid He cooled CSO to cryocooler-cooled CSOs in cooperation with Prof.J.Hartnett (University of Adelaide) in 2013 and in The structure of a Cryocooled CSO Estimated frequency stability of a NMIJ cryocso NMIJ CryoCSO vs liquid He CSO NMIJ CryoCSO vs Hydrogen Maser UWA CryoCSO (Hartnett, Parker, Ivanov et al., IEEE UFFC 2013) Averaging time (s) The frequency stability is worse by factor of 2 than that of the cryocooled CSO in UWA. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 20
21 Yb and Sr optical lattice clocks at NMIJ Yb/Sr (18) D. Akamatsu, Opt. Express 22, 7898 (2014) Yb optical lattice clock Sr optical lattice clock (2.0) Hz M. Yasuda, APEX 5, (2012) (1.6) Hz D. Akamatsu, APEX 7, (2014) (49) Hz T. Tanabe, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., accepted (2015) SI second
22 Absolute frequency measurement of Yb OLC Absolute frequency measurement of the Yb clock transition Absolute frequency uncertainty : Yb clock uncertainty : n Yb = (2.0)Hz M. Yasuda et al., Appl. Phys. Express 5, (2012) D. Akamatsu et al., Opt. Express, 22, (2014)
23 Sr-Yb dual optical lattice clock at NMIJ/AIST Build up 87 Sr/ 171 Yb optical lattice clocks in a new chamber. Motivation 1) Contribution to the Sr lattice clock community; 2) As a second optical clock to be used for the evaluation of the Yb lattice clock; 3) Measurement of the Sr/Yb frequency ratio with an uncertainty beyond the Cs limit; 4) Contribution to the experimental demonstration of alpha variation. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology D. Akamatsu, et al., Opt. Express 19, 2046 (2011).
24 Absolute frequency measurement of Sr OLC Absolute frequency measurement of the Sr clock transition D. Akamatsu et al., Appl. Phys. Express 7, (2014) Absolute frequency uncertainty : Sr clock uncertainty : n Sr = (49)Hz National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology T. Tanabe et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., accepted (2015)
25 Applications to optical lattice clocks using narrow linewidth combs Dn~1 Hz Nd:YAG 1Comb is phase locked to the ultra-stable laser at 1064 nm. n Frequency comb High-finesse optical cavity at 1064 nm 2Continuous wave lasers are phase locked to the comb. n 171 Yb Yb lattice clock Clock laser (578 nm) Sr lattice clock 2 nd cooling laser (689 nm) PDH lock Ultra stable laser at 1064 nm The comb transfers the linewidth to other lasers at some wavelengths. 87 Sr Sr lattice clock Clock laser (698 nm) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology H. Inaba, et al., Opt. Express 21, 7891 (2013).
26 Frequency Measurement Group Members: H. Inaba A. Onae I. Hirano S. Okubo M. Wada K. Watabe* S. Malte K. Nakamura K. Yaguchi Main tasks Optical frequency combs Calibration service: optical frequency combs Calibration service: laser wavelength meter * Laser Radiometry Research Group
27 Recent activities regarding optical frequency comb 1. Astro-comb (For Okayama Astrophysical Observatory) 2. Novel phase-locking schemes for the f CEO 3. All-optically stabilized comb 4. Ultra-broadband dual-comb spectroscopy across µm
28 1. Astro-comb Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) Frequency comb Calibrate! High Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph Sources: OAO homepage (
29 2. Novel phase-locking schemes for the f CEO f rep 光コム 0 f ceo =(1/2)f rep ν n = n f rep Half-integer comb 周波数
30 Thank you for your attention!
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