Gravity Control by means of Modified Electromagnetic Radiation

Transcription

1 Gavity Contol by eans o Modiied Electoanetic Radiation Fan De Aquino Maanhao State Univesity, Physics Depatent, SLuis/MA, Bazil Copyiht 0 by Fan De Aquino All Rihts Reseved Hee a new way o avity contol is poposed that uses electoanetic adiation odiied to have a salle wavelenth It is known that when the velocity o a adiation is educed its wavelenth is also educed Thee ae seveal ways to stonly educe the velocity o an electoanetic adiation Hee, it is shown that such a eduction can be done siply by akin the adiation coss a conductive oil Key wods: Modiied theoies o avity, Expeiental studies o avity, Electoanetic wave popaation PACS: 0450Kd, 0480-y, 40Jb, 7570-i It was shown that the avitational ass and inetial ass i ae coelated by eans o the ollowin acto []: Δp + 0 i i0c () whee i0 is the est inetial ass o the paticle and Δp is the vaiation in the paticle s kinetic oentu; c is the speed o liht When Δp is poduced by the absoption o a photon with wavelenth, it is expessed by Δ p h In this case, Eq () becoes 0 h i c + i0 0 + whee 0 h i0c is the De Bolie wavelenth o the paticle with est inetial ass i0 It is easily seen that cannot be ( ) stonly educed siply by usin electoanetic waves with wavelenth because 0 is vey salle than 0 0 Howeve, it is known that the wavelenth o a adiation can be stonly educed siply by stonly educin its velocity Thee ae seveal ways to educe the velocity o an electoanetic adiation Fo exaple, by akin liht coss an ulta cold atoic as, it is possible to educe its velocity down to 7/s [-7] Hee, it is shown that the velocity o an electoanetic adiation can be stonly educed siply by akin the adiation coss a conductive oil Fo Electodynaics we know that when an electoanetic wave with equency and velocity c incides on a ateial with elative peittivity ε, elative anetic peeability μ and electical conductivity σ, its velocity is educed to v c n whee n is the index o eaction o the ateial, iven by [ 8] c ε μ n + ( σ ωε) + () v I σ >> ωε, ω π, the Eq () educes to n μ σ 4πε 0 ( 4) Thus, the wavelenth o the incident adiation becoes od v c v c/ c n n 4π μσ v c/n od v/ c/n () 5 Fi Modiied Electoanetic Wave The wavelenth o the electoanetic wave can be stonly educed, but its equency eains the sae Now conside a GHz ( 0 ) adiation incident on Aluinu oil with 7 σ 8 0 S / and thicknessξ 0 5μ Accodin to Eq (5), the odiied wavelenth is n

2 4 π od ( 6) μσ Consequently, the wavelenth o the GHz adiation inside the oil will be 5 od 6 0 and not 0 It is known that a adiation with equency, popaatin thouh a ateial with electoanetic chaacteistics ε, μ and σ, has the aplitudes o its waves deceased in e 07 (7%), when it passes thouh a distance z, iven by z (7) ω εμ + ( σ ωε) The adiation is totally absobed at a distance δ 5z [8] In the case o the GHz adiation popaatin thouh the Aluinu oil Eq (7), ives 6 z μ (8) πμσ Since the thickness o the Aluinu oil is ξ 0 5μ then, we can conclude that, pactically all the incident GHz adiation is absobed by the oil I the oil contains n atos/, then the nube o atos pe aea unit is n ξ Thus, i the electoanetic adiation with equency incides on an aea S o the oil it eaches nsξ atos I it incides on the total aea o the oil, S, then the total nube o atos eached by the adiation is N ns ξ The nube o atos pe unit o volue, n, is iven by N ρ n 0 A 6 () 9 whee N atos / kole is the Avoado s nube ; ρ is the atte density o the oil (in k/ ) and A is the atoic ass In the case o the Aluinu ( ρ 700k /, A 6 98kole) the esult is 8 n Al 60 0 atos/ The total nube o photons incidin on the oil isntotal photons P h, whee P is the ( 0) powe o the adiation lux incident on the oil When an electoanetic wave incides on the Aluinu oil, it stikes on N ont atos, whee N ( ns ) φ ato Thus, the wave incides eectively on an aea S N S a, whee S a πφ 4 ato is the coss section aea o one Aluinu ato Ate these collisions, it caies out n collisions with the othe atos o the oil (See Fi) ato Sa Wave Fi Collisions inside the oil oil Thus, the total nube o collisions in the volue Sξ is N N + n nsφ + nsξ nsφ collisions collisions ato ( ato) ( ) nsξ The powe density, D, o the adiation on the oil can be expessed by P P D ( ) S N S a The sae powe density as a unction o the powe P 0 adiated o the antenna, is iven by P0 D ( ) 4 π whee is the distance between the antenna and the oil Copain equations () and (), we et N Sa P P 0 4 π We can expess the total ean nube o collisions in each ato, n, by eans o the ollowin equation ntotal photons N collisions n N Since in each collision is tanseed a oentu h to the ato, then the total oentu tanseed to the oil will be Δ p ( nn ) h Theeoe, in accodance with Eq (), we can wite that ( 4) ( 5)

3 i0 + ( n N) + ntotal Since Eq () ives 0 0 N collisions N collisions nsξ, we et photons ( 6) P ntotal photons N collisions ξ h Substitution o Eq (7) into Eq (6) yields 0 P + ( ) ( 8) nsξ i0 h Substitution o Eq (4) into Eq (8) ives 0 N SaP nsξ i 0 π i c Substitution o N ( ns ) φ ato and S N Sa into Eq (9) it educes to 0 n S SaφatoP ξ i π i 0c In the case o a 0c squae Aluinu oil, with thickness ξ 0 5μ, we et 0 i 0 0 k, S 4 0, φato S a 0, n n Al 60 0 atos /, Substitution o these values into Eq (0), ives ( Al) P ( ) i0( Al) Thus, i the Aluinu oil is at a distance o the antenna, and the powe adiated o the antenna is P0 W, and the equency o the adiation is GHz then Eq() ives 5 ( ) 8 0 Al + ( ) 0( ) i Al In the case o the Aluinu oil and Ghz adiation, Eq (6) shows that ( ns ) (7) ( 9) ( 0) 5 od 6 0 Thus, by substitution o by od into Eq (), we et the ollowin expession ( Al ) ( ) i0( Al ) Since P then the esult is P 0 4 ( Al) ( Al) i ( Al) ( ) This eans that, in the entioned conditions, the weiht oce o the Aluinu oil is inveted It was shown [] that thee is an additional eect o Gavitational Shieldin poduced by a substance whose avitational ass was educed o ade neative This eect shows that just above the substance the avity acceleation will be educed at the sae atio χ, ie,, ( i0 χ is the avity acceleation bellow the substance) This eans that above the Aluinu oil the avity acceleation will be odiied accodin to the ollowin expession ( Al) ( 5) χ i0( Al) whee the acto χ ( Al ) i0( Al ) will be iven Eq () In ode to check the theoy pesented hee, we popose the expeiental set-up shown in Fi The distance between the Aluinu oil and the antenna is The axiu output powe o the GHz tansitte is W CW A 0 body is placed above Aluinu oil, in ode to check the Gavitational Shieldin Eect The distance between the Aluinu oil and the 0 body is appoxiately 0 c The altenative device to easue the weiht vaiations o the oil and the body (includin the neative values) uses two balances (00 / 00) as shown in Fi In ode to check the eect o a second Gavitational Shieldin above the ist one(aluinu oil), we can eove the 0 body, puttin in its place a second Aluinu oil, with the sae chaacteistics o the ist one The 0 body can be then placed at a

4 distance o 0c above o the second Aluinu oil Obviously, it ust be connected to a thid balance As shown in a pevious pape [9] the avity above the second Gavitational Shieldin, in the case o χ χ, is iven by χ χ ( 6) I a thid Aluinu oil is placed above the second one, then the avity above this oil is χ χ χ χ χ, and so on In pactice, Multiple Gavitational Shieldins can be constucted by insetin N seveal paallel Aluinu oils inside the dielectic o a paallel plate capacito (See Fi 4) In this case, the esultant capacity o the capacito becoesc C N εε0s Nd, whee S is the aea o the Aluinu oils and d the distance between the; ε is the elative peeability o the dielectic By applyin a voltae V s on the plates o the capacito a cuent i s is poduced thouh the Aluinu oils It is expessed by is Vs X C πcvs Since js σes and j s is S we et E s i s S σ, which is the oscillatin electic ield thouh the Aluinu oils By substitutin this expession into Eq (0), and considein that od ( 4π μσ ) (Eq6) and D P 4π n E μ μ c, whee 0 s 0 ( μ σ 4πε ) n 0 (Eq 4), we obtain: n AlSaφatois χ + 64 π ρ c S 4 Al σ Al Since V X π C V π ε ε S i s s C s 0 ( 7) ( Nd) V s Then is π ε 0 s Substitution o this equation into Eq (7) ives π n AlSaφatoε ε0s Vs χ ρAlc σ AlN d Substitution o the known value o 8 0 n Al 60 0 atos/, φ 0, ( ε S NdV ) ( 8) ato ( 9) S a π φ πφ, [ ( ) ] ato ato ε (Telon4 KV/, Shot Tie, 6 [0]), ρ Al 700k, we et 4 S 9 Vs χ ( 0) 4 N d Note that, based on the equation above, it is possible to ceate a device o ovin vey heavy loads such as lae onoliths, o exaple Iaine a lae onolith on the Eath s suace I we place below the onolith soe sets with Multiple Gavitational Shieldins (See Fi4), the value o the avity acceleation above each set o Gavitational Shieldins becoes R χ η ( ) whee η is the nube o Gavitational Shieldins in each set Since we ust have V s d < 4KV/ (dielectic stenth o Telon) [0] then, o d 6 Vs < 8 4KV Fo V s 7KV, d 6, S 7, N and η Eq (0) ives χ 0 6 and Eq () shows that R χ 046 / s The sin (-) shows that the avity acceleation above the six sets o Gavitational Shieldins becoes epulsive in espect to the Eath Thus, by contollin the value o χ it is possible to ake the total ass o the onolith slihtly neative in ode to the onolith can loat and, in this way, it can be displaced and caied to anywhee with ease Considein the dielectic stenth o known dielectics, we can wite that ( V d) < s 00KV / Thus, o a sinle ax N Eq (0) ives capacito ( ) χ 4 [ + ( << 0 S ) ] { } ( ) The Gavitational Shieldin eect becoes neliible o χ < 0 0(vaiation salle than % in the avitational ass) Thus, considein Eq (), we can conclude that the Gavitational Shieldin eect becoes siniicant only o S >> 0 Possibly this is why it was not yet detected

5 Tansitte GHz W CW 0 c Coaxial 50 Ω Aluinu oil Antenna Nylon thead Balances 00 / 00 PVC tube Fi Expeiental Set-up

6 6 Monolith S Dielectic Aluinu oil Capacito Plates (Aluinu) Six sets o Gavitational Shieldins Each one with thee (N ) Gavitational Shieldins (a) Monolith (b) Fi 4 Syste with six sets o Gavitational Shieldins o ovin vey heavy loads Fo V s 7KV, d 6, S 7, N and η Eq (0) ives χ 0 6 and Eq () shows that R χ 046 / s The sin (-) shows that the avity acceleation above the six sets o Gavitational Shieldins becoes epulsive in espect to the Eath Thus, by contollin the value o χ it is possible to ake the total ass o the onolith slihtly neative in ode to the onolith can loat and, in this way, it can be displaced and caied to anywhee with ease

7 7 Reeences [] De Aquino, F (00) Matheatical Foundations o the Relativistic Theoy o Quantu Gavity, Paciic Jounal o Science and Technoloy, (), pp 7- [] Hau, LV, et al, (999) Natue, 97, [] Kash, M M et al, (999) Phys Rev Lett 8, 59 [4] Budike, D et al, (999) Phys Rev Lett 8, 767 [5] Liu, Ch et al, (00) Natue 409, 490 [6] Dutton, Z, et al, (00) Science 9, 66 [7] Tuukhin, A V, et al, (00) Phys Rev Lett 88, 060 [8] Quevedo, C P (977) Eletoanetiso, McGaw- Hill, p 70 [9] De Aquino, F (00) Gavity Contol by eans o Electoanetic Field thouh Gas at Ulta- Low Pessue, Paciic Jounal o Science and Technoloy, () Novebe 00, pp78-47 [0] Telon PTFE, Popeties Handbook, Du Pont, (7/96) 0D, USA