A Research on Supplier Selection Method for CALS

Transcription

1 A Reserch o Suppler Selecto Method for CALS Xoyg X d Ll Jg School of Mechcl d Electroc Egeerg, Gugdog Uversty of Techology, Gugzhou , P.R. Ch ygxox@126.com jg_ll@21c.com Abstrct. Bsed o the chrcterstcs of suppler selecto for CALS(Cotuous Acqusto d Lfe-cycle Support), tht compes wth CALS hve my supplers d supplers re lwys strtegc supplers, suppler selecto process s dvded to two phses: pre-selecto d mkg decso. At suppler pre-selecto stge, polychromtc sets theory from Russ s troduced s the soluto scheme. Accordg to the propertes of supplers themselves d pre-selecto evlutg dctors, pre-selecto cotour Boole mtrx s creted utomtclly. Bsed o t, suppler pre-selecto model s set up. At decso-mkg stge, populr fuzzy lytc herrchy process s dopted to set up suppler selecto model. O the bss of evlutg dctors of the decso-mkg stge, the best suppler c be chose quckly. I the ed, pplcto exmple of motor compy s gve to testfy the fesblty d effectveess of the proposed method. Keywords: CALS, Suppler selecto, Pre-selecto, Polychromtc sets, Fuzzy lytc herrchy process 1. INTRODUCTION Sce CALS ws proposed 1985 by the Amerc Deprtmet of Defese, ts pplcto hs bee commo dy by dy, d t hs become the strtegy of the eterprse s full-scle formto developmet. Now my coutres d orgztos, such s Amerc, Jp, Eglsh, Sgpore d Tw re, re studyg d populrzg CALS ctvely. But our coutry, CALS s oly o theoretc dscusso stge, d cocrete reserch job just begs. As mportt step for CALS purchsg, suppler selecto s lso oe of mportt decso-mkg questos for eterprse. Suppler flueces the product qulty, delvery dte d competto of eterprse. Especlly whe the eterprse plces ts m eergy more d more o ts core busess, cotrctg o-core busess wth the suppler, suppler selecto ppers more mporttly. 2. CHARACTERS OF SUPPLIER SELECTION FOR CALS Selecto of cotrctors, sub-cotrctors d supplers c ll be cosdered s suppler selecto. Chrcters of suppler selecto for CALS re s follows:

2 1474 Xoyg X d Ll Jg (1) Meetg product lfecycle support Sce CALS s defed s cotuous cqusto d lfecycle support, suppler selecto for CALS must meet the demd of product lfecycle support. Tht s to sy product formto from brth to deth must be followed d quered, for exmple, we c qure the prt s suppler eve t ts mtece stge. To cheve the purpose, the formto betwee compy d suppler, suppler d suppler must be tegrted. Oly ths wy, formto shrg s reched deed d the demd of lfecycle support s met. (2) Suppler s strtegc coopertve comte Compes CALS geerlly purchse mterl d mche prts other compes, supplers re very mportt for ths kd of compy, d belog to strtegc supplers. So suppler selecto method d ssessmet dex must ccord wth strtegc suppler selecto. (3) Suppler pre-selecto occupes mportt posto I order to cooperte wth best suppler, compy serches supplers the whole world; therefore, my supplers c be chose. If ot pre-selectg but mkg decso drectly o supplers, decso-mkg wll fce my dffcultes. Now, compes lwys pre-select supplers rtfclly by some ssessmet dexes. But t s effcet d ccurte by ths rtfcl wy. Up to ow, reserch o suppler pre-selecto s lttle. Lterture [1] dopts fuzzy cluster lyss s pre-selecto method, d uses lytc herrchy process to cout the weghts of evlutg dctors. The defect of ths method s complcted model d huge computtol complexty, especlly whe there re my pre-selecto evlutg dctors compy. Lterture [2] pre-selects supplers by fuzzy serch method, mely uses formto retrevl method to pre-select potetl supplers. Ths method mybe led too my supplers stsfed the codtos, thereby gves my jobs to decso-mkg stge. Lterture [3] cosders the m jobs of suppler pre-selecto re the defto of eed, revew purchse requsto d setup of evlutg dctors whch s subjectve; therefore the pre-selecto stge should be left to hums rther th mches. Although the defto of eed, revew purchse requsto d setup of evlutg dctors must be cosdered pre-selecto stge, f compy hs my supplers, good pre-selecto method s lso requred. So ths pper, suppler selecto process s dvded to two phses: Pre-selecto d mkg decso. At suppler pre-selecto stge, polychromtc sets theory from Russ good t smulto o herrchcl structure s troduced s the soluto scheme. At decso-mkg stge, populr fuzzy lytc herrchy process s dopted to set up suppler selecto model. 3. SUPPLIER PRE-SELECTION BASED ON POLYCHROMATIC SETS CONTOUR BOOLEAN MATRIX 3.1 Advtges of Polychromtc Sets Polychromtc sets theory, whch s ew system theory d tool o delg wth formto, s put forwrd by Russ Professor V. V. Pvlov [4-5]. It uses the formlly sme mthemtcs model to emulte dfferet objects, whch mkes

3 A Reserch o Suppler Selecto Method for CALS 1475 emultg system more flexble. Moreover, t fts to solve the problems wth herrchcl structure, d suppler selecto s just ths kd of problem. Added to ths, polychromtc set hs the dvtge of lgorthmc dptblty, eve f suppler mout chges, suppler selecto lgorthm does t eed to lter. 3.2 Polychromtc Sets Cotour Boole Mtrx For the covetol set B = (b 1, b 2,, b ), elemet b ( = 1, 2,, ) s dstgushed from other elemets by ts me oly, d other propertes of the elemet re ot expressed ths expresso. From lterture [6-7], we c see the theory of polychromtc sets, suppose A = ( 1, 2,, ) s elemet set, elemet ( = 1, 2,, ) A c be dstgushed from other elemets by ot oly ts me but lso other propertes of the elemet. Suppose F(A)=(F 1, F 2,, F m ) s the ggregto of propertes. Cotour Boole mtrx [A F(A)] represets the reltoshp betwee elemet d F j. I ths Boole expresso, f d F j s relted, the j =1otherwse j =0, d F j (A) = ( 1(j), 2(j),, (j) ). The estblshmet of ths cotour Boole mtrx s ccordg to the formto or experece of rel world. As for suppler pre-selecto, cotour Boole mtrx s set up bsed o pre-selecto dexes d supplers ow propertes. C [ A F( )] ( j) A A, F ( A) F 1(1) (1) (1) 1 F j 1( j) ( j) ( j) Fm 1( m) ( m) ( m) 1 (1) 3.3 Pre-selecto Model bsed o Cotour Mtrx As for suppler pre-selecto, most compes estblsh the pre-selecto dexes ccordg to ther ctul stutos. e c pre-select supplers ccordce wth pre-selecto dexes d supplers ow propertes. The vrbles d steps of ths model re s follows: (1) Vrbles of Pre-selecto e suppose { 1 2, m } s the ggregto of supplers; { O 1 O 2, O } s the pre-selecto dexes sort d O j s No. j property of pre-selecto dex O (=1,2,, j=1,2, m ); { S represets the ggregto of pre-selecto dexes chose d S {O 1, O 2,. O m }( =1,2, ). (2) Steps of Pre-selecto

4 1476 Xoyg X d Ll Jg 1) The ggregto of supplers s regrded s A, d Aggregto of pre-selecto dexes {O j } s F(A). 2) Bsed o supplers formto d formul (1), settg up cotour mtrx [A F(A)] betwee supplers { 1 2, m } d pre-selecto dexes {O j }. 3) Suppose equls 1, ccordg to cotour mtrx [AF(A)], we c obt the vlue ggregto of Fs 1( A). 4) Repetg step 3) utl =. The Fs 1( A ) Fs 2 ( A ) Fs (A) s obted. 5) Usg F P (A) to express the result of Fs1 ( A) Fs2 ( A) Fs ( A). 6) If the elemet F P ( ) F P (A) equls 1, suppler s the suppler meets the requremets. 7) Ed. SUPPLIER DECISION-MAKING BASED ON FUZZY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS At decso-mkg stge, lytc herrchy process s ofte dopted s evlutg method. But t hs some defects, such s dffculty cosstecy checkout. So we tke fuzzy lytc herrchy process s suppler decso-mkg method. Usg ths method, there re sx steps: Step 1 Settg up herrchcl structure e c crete evlutg dex herrchcl structure by topmost level, some medum levels d lowest level. Step 2 Costructg fuzzy judgmet mtrx Fuzzy judgmet mtrx F expresses the comprso of mportce o elemets the sme level reltve to elemet of ext hgher lyer. Accordg to mportce metrc vlue comprg to j, fuzzy judgmet mtrx s follows c be obted: F= (2) Propertes of mtrx F re: (1) 0< j <1d the vlue must be 0.1, 0.2,, 0.9; (2) =0.5, =1,2,, ; (3) j =1- j,, j=1, 2,,. Step 3 Checkoutg the cosstecy Cosstecy stdrd s D-vlue of correspodg elemets of rows s costt. Step 4 Clcultg moolyer weght Moolyer weght s the mportce order of elemets reltve to the elemet of ext hgher lyer. From lterture [8], clcultg formul of moolyer weght s s formul (3)

5 A Reserch o Suppler Selecto Method for CALS ( 1) k k 1 2 (3) Step 5 Clcultg composg weght The weght of the elemet of lowest level reltve to topmost level s the composg weght. Recurrece method uses commoly. Suppose there re k elemets o kth level, d the weght vector ggregto relto to topmost level s 1 k. Bsed o recurso rule, the composg weght of the elemet o lowest level s s formul (4): (4) Step 6 Assessg d computg the score of supplers Geerlly spekg, ssessg perso mrks the dexes of lowest level. If score ggregto of sub dexes s X=(x 1, x 2,, x ) T d ther composg weght ggregto s =(w 1, w 2,, w )the formul of suppler s score s s formul (5). Suppler who gets the topmost score s the best suppler. S T X 1 w x 2 (5) 5. EXAMPLES Now, we tke motor compy s our exmple. It hs my supplers, d suppler pre-selecto d decso-mkg system hs set up. Step 1 Suppler pre-selecto Suppose pre-selecto dexes of the compy re s follows: (1) Owershp: stte eterprse (e cosder t s F 1 ) d prvte eterprse (mely F 2 ) (2) Compy Address: Gugdog provce (mely F 3 ) d other re (mely F 4 ) (3) Totl Assets: below 5 mllos (mely F 5 ) d bove 5 mllos (mely F 6 ) Suppose the compy hs four supplers, d the propertes of supplers re s follows: Suppler A (e cosder t s 1 of A): stte eterprse; Gugdog Provce; 3.8 mllo; Suppler B (mely 2 ): stte eterprse; Gugdog Provce; 8 mllo; Suppler C (mely 3 ): prvte eterprse; Shdog Provce; 1 mllo; Suppler D (mely 4 ): stte eterprse; Gugdog Provce; 4.5 mllo; Now, the pre-selecto dexes chose re: Stte eterprse, Gugdog provce, Totl ssets below 5 mllo. Accordg to step 1) 2) of pre-selecto, cotour Boole mtrx s Tble 1. c be obted:

6 1478 Xoyg X d Ll Jg Propertes Suppler Tble 1. A Cotour Mtrx F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 F Now, the pre-selecto dexes chose re Stte eterprse, Gugdog provce d Totl ssets below 5 mllo, mely {S }=(F 1, F 3, F 5 ). From bove cotour Boole mtrx, we c see F 1 (A)=(1,1,0,1), F 3 (A)=(1,1,0,1), F 5 (A)=(1,0,1,1), the F P (A)= F 1 (A)F 3 (A)F 5 (A)=(1,0,0,1). Becuse F P ( 1 )=1 d F P ( 4 )=1, suppler A d Suppler D s the supplers meet pre-selecto dexes chose. Step 2 Choose the best suppler bsed o fuzzy lytc herrchy process I step 1, we hve pre-selected suppler A d Suppler D. Suppose evlutg dexes d the herrchcl structure of the motor compy re s Fgure 1: Suppler evlutg dexes Product qulty Mgemet Qulty Apperce Fle Mgemet Drwg Mgemet Fgure 1. Suppler Evlutg Idexes Accordg to dex mportce degree d formul (3), moolyer weght of ll dexes c be obted. Suppose t s s Fgure 2. Usg formul (4), we c get composg weght of dexes o lowest level s Tble 2. From Tble 2, we c see composg weght of qulty s 0.42( ), composg weght of pperce s 0.28, composg weght of fle mgemet s 0.15, composg weght of drwg mgemet s 0.15.

7 A Reserch o Suppler Selecto Method for CALS 1479 Suppler evlutg dctor system Product qulty(0.7) Mgemet(0.3) Qulty(0.6) Apperce(0.4) Fle Mgemet(0.5) Drwg Mgemet(0.5) Fgure 2. Moolyer eght of ll Idexes Tble 2. Composg eght of Idexes o Lowest Level composg weght Qulty Apperce Fle Mgemet Drwg Mgemet Mgers of the compy mrk the dexes of lowest level ccordg to supplers behvor. Now we suppose tht the lowest level dexes score re s Tble 3. Tble 3. The Score of Lowest Level Idexes of Suppler A d D Qulty Apperce Fle Mgemet Drwg Mgemet Suppler A Suppler D Bsed o composg weght of Tble 2 d the score of Tble 3, usg formul (5), the score of suppler A d D c be obted. The totl score of suppler A s 86.3 ( ) d the totl score of suppler D s ( ), so suppler D s the best suppler. 6. CONCLUSIONS I ths pper, we brg forwrd suppler selecto method for CALS, d use polychromtc sets cotour Boole mtrx to suppler pre-selecto, the use fuzzy lytc herrchy process t decso-mkg stge. Usg ths method c choose supplers ccurtely d quckly, thus brg gret ecoomc beeft for eterprse.

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