Naval Aircraft Rework Facility Study. An Applied Model for Workload Planning and Budgeting

Transcription

1 ft ISS fr* Tfc HMAL,'*! N/-,'«L.J-ts "i '. MM'lRt», I. =< RT 5ECTI i>:,. r S.:-l.->U INSTITUTE F NA VAL STUDIES S7t/DV35 Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy An Applied Mdel fr Wrklad Planning and Bdgeting Center fr NavaL Analyses an affiliate f the University f Rchester 1401 Wilsn Blevard Arlingtn, Virginia APPRVED FR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTIN UNLIMITED.

2 Unclassified Scrntv Classificatin DCUMENT NTRL DATA -R&D i!v t-fa.n.siflinifin f titlv, bdy f iihstrnct nd indexing anntatin mst bv :ntt-nd ht-n the vvntll rt'pnrt i. <!.i s \ifn-d) INMINI.) ACTIVITY ( Crprate athr) Center fr Naval Analyses la. Kl I'HT Sf.CURI 1 V C 1 A ".<j f -- A I lfi Unclassified?h, CHIJI' P H T T I T L ti Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy - An Applied Mdel fr Wrklad Planning and Bdgeting RIP T I VE NTES (Type t reprt and inclsive dates) Linear prgramming mdel fr rklad planning and bdgeting in aircraft maintenance. p AU THRiS) (First name, middle initiat, last name) Richmnd M. Llyd, et al e REPRT DATE Jne «l. NTRACT R GRANT N N A-0091 b. PRJEC T N. 7a. TTAL N. F PAGES 7b. N. F REFS a. RIGINATR'S Hf I R r NUMBER(S) INS 38 9b. THER REPRT N(St (Any ther nmbers that may be assigned this reprt) 10 DISTRIBUTIN STATEMENT Apprved fr Pblic Release; Distribtin Unlimited. II SUPPLEMENTARY NTES Stdy cndcted fr the Chief f Naval peratins (p-090) 13 ABSTRACT 12. SPNSRING MILITARY ACTIVITY ffice f Naval Research Department f the Navy Washingtn, D.C Dcments a five-year planning mdel hich prdces detailed prdctin plans and bdgets fr the entire Navy's Aernatical Dept Maintenance Prgram. Using the methd f linear prgramming, the mdel determines minimm cst rklad assignments hich satisfy all dept maintenance reqirements. Several physical and manper capacity measres are sed t ensre that plans are ithin the prdctin capabilities f each rerk facility. The mdel alls fr mltiple shift peratins, changes in the size and distribtin f the rk frce, and the assignment f rk t nn-navy facilities. A prdctin plan and bdget fr FY-1974 and varis sensitivity analyses are presented t illstrate the mdels' ses. DD, F N 1 M S/N (PAGE " Unclassified Secrity Classificatin

3 Unclassified Secrity Classificatin KEY WRDS LINK B aircraft aircraft maintenance dept level maintenance lgistics maintenance csts Navy Aircraft Rerk Facilities (NARF) linear prgramming mathematical prgramming mathematical mdels DD,^ (BACK) (PAGE- 2) Unclassified Secrity Classificatin

4 DEPARTMENT F THE NAVY FFICE F THE CHIEF F NAVAL PERATINS WASHINGTN..C IN REPLY REFER T P-96/lb Ser 1307P96 8 JAN 1973 Frm: T: Sbj : Ref: Chief f Naval peratins Distribtin List Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy Reprt; prmlgatin f (a) CN ltr ser 295P96 f 13 May 1972; Stdy Directive fr Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy (NTAL) (b) Memrandm fr SECDEF ser 654P96 f 5 Ag 72; Selected Analyses f Dept Maintenance Reqirements and Capabilities (Naval Aircraft Rerk Facilities) (NTAL) Encl: (1) CNA(INS 38), "Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy," 1 Nv The Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy - An Applied Mdel fr Wrklad Planning and Bdgeting directed by reference (a), is frarded as enclsre (1), The stdy dcments a five year planning mdel hich prdces detailed prdctin plans and bdgets fr the entire Aircraft Dept Maintenance Prgram. Using the methd f linear prgramming, the mdel determines minimm cst rklad assignments hich satisfy all dept maintenance reqirements. Several physical and manper capacity measres are sed t ensre that plans are ithin the prdctin capabilities f each rerk facility. The mdel alls fr mltiple shift peratins, changes in the size and distribtin f the rk frce, and the assignment f rk t nn-navy facilities. A prdctin plan and bdget fr FY and varis sensitivity analyses are presented t illstrate the mdel's ses. 2. The lng range planning mdel presented by the stdy reprt is apprved and ill be tilized hen the cmpter prgram has been frnished t NAVAIRSYSM t prepare prdctin plans and bdgets in rder t reflect the impact f changes in level, mix and activity f naval aircraft n the rerk system s that reqirements can be met in a timely and efficient manner. It is an integral part f the crrent lng range planning system. Sme sggestins fr ftre research are cntained in the reprt.

5 P-96/lb Ser 1307P96 3. Since the mdel is in the prcess f being implemented and "debgged" at the Naval Electrnics Labratry Center (NELC), San Dieg, the nmerical data (inclding the resltant savings) displayed in the reprt are fr illstrative se nly. A prir versin f this stdy reprt ((INS) f 30 Jne 1972) as frarded t the Secretary f Defense by reference (b). This stdy reprt differs principally in that it reflects refinements t the mdel since Jne 1972 and cntains minr crrectins t the reslts btained in the earlier rk. 4. The stdy is frarded fr illstrative se and fr infrmatin nly. Pblic release is athrized. HKTt, rt FRM PUNNM» Distribtin List: SNDL - Part I 21A Fleet Cmmanders in Chief (CINCPACFLT and CINCLANTFLT nly) 24A Naval Air Frce Cmmanders SNDL - Part II A4A CHNAVMAT Ps -90, -04, -05 Cpy t; SNDL - Part I 21A Fleet Cmmanders in Chief 22 Fleet Cmmanders 24F Service Frce Cmmanders 24H Fleet Training Cmmands 28A Carrier Divisins 42A Fleet Air Cmmands 42B1 Fleet Air Wings 46B Aircraft Wings SNDL - Part II (CINCUSNAVEUR nly) A2A Independent ffices (NAVMPT, PA, and NR nly) A6 Cmmandant f the Marine Crps Bl Secretary f Defense (ASD(I&L) nly) B3 Clleges (MDT AFSC and ICAF nly) FKR3C Naval Air Test Center (Air Integrated Lgistics Spprt Center) FKR7A Air Systems Cmmand Representatives

6 P-96/lb Ser 1307P96 B5 Cmmandant, U. S. Cast Gard Headqarters (Attn: Aviatin Sectin) (nly) FF38 Naval Academy FF42 Naval Pstgradate Schl FF44 Naval War Cllege FKA1A Air Systems Cmmand Headqarters FKA1C Facilities Engineering Headqarters FKA1F Spply Systems Cmmand Headqarters FKA6A1 Naval Air Develpment Center FKR1B Naval Air Rerk Facilities FT2 Chief f Naval Air Training FT10 Naval Aviatin Schls Cmmand FT13 Naval Air Technical Training Centers FKR7D Aviatin Integrated Lgistic Spprt Center FT6 Air Statins CNT (NAS, Whiting Field, Aernatical Systems Library nly) VI2 Marine Crps Develpment and Edcatin Cmmand Ps -09BH, -09M, -96, -40, -41, -50, -506, -51, -512, -513, -515, -514 nly ther: Directr f Defense Research and Engineering Senir Navy Member, Weapns Systems Evalatin Grp Defense Lgistics Stdies Infrmatin Exchange (2) Federal Aviatin Agency Department f Air Frce (Attn: PD 4008) (9) Headqarters, USAF Lgistics Cmmand (Attn: MA) Army Lgistics Management Center Institte fr Defense Analyses The RAND Crpratin Stanfrd Research Institte Lgistics Management Institte Defense Dcmentatin Center (2) Lng Range Planning Grp, NAVAIRREP PAC, San Dieg CNA

7 CENTER FR NAVAL ANALYSES Institte f Naval Stdies Stdy 38 NAVAL AIRCRAFT REWRK FACILITY STUDY AN APPLIED MDEL FR WRKLAD PLANNING AND BUDGETING Jne 1972 Richmnd M. Llyd, Stdy Directr The rk reprted here as cndcted nder the directin f the Center fr Naval Analyses and represents the pinin f the Center fr Naval Analyses at the time f isse. It des nt necessarily represent the pinin f the Department f the Navy except t the extent indicated by the cmments f the Chief f Naval peratins. Wrk cndcted nder cntract N A 0091 Enclsre (1) t CN Itr Ser 1307P96 dated 8 Janary 1973 APPRVED FR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTIN UNLIMITED.

8 PARTICIPANTS Richmnd M. Llyd, Stdy Directr Carl 0. Hasler, Cdr., U.S.N., Prject fficer Krt Askin, CNA Jeffrey Birch, U.S.N. Ralph Halfrd, CNA Nancy Sprill, CNA RalphJ. Vanni, Cdr,, U.S.N.

9 ABSTRACT The Navy's Aernatical Dept Maintenance Prgram, at an annal cst f ver $600 millin, incldes the rerk f aircraft, engines, and cmpnents perfrmed at seven Naval Aircraft Rerk Facilities, cmmercial srces, and the rerk facilities f the ther services. This stdy dcments a five-year planning mdel hich prdces detailed prdctin plans and bdgets fr the entire Dept Maintenance Prgram. Using the methd f linear prgramming, the mdel determines minimm cst rklad assignments hich satisfy all dept maintenance reqirements. Several physical and manper capacity measres are sed t ensre that plans are ithin the prdctin capabilities f each rerk facility. The mdel alls fr mltiple shift peratins, changes in the size and distribtin f the rk frce, and the assignment f rk t nn-navy facilities. A prdctin plan and bdget fr FY-1974 and varis sensitivity analyses are presented t illstrate the mdel's ses. -i- (REVERSE BLANK)

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11 TABLE F NTENTS Synpsis vii Preface xx Chapter I - Intrdctin 1 Backgrnd 1 Aernatical dept level maintenance 2 The planning prcess 10 The dept maintenance lng range planning system 14 Alternatives and cnstraints 16 Chapter II - A ne apprach t planning 19 The basic prblem 19 The ttal cst eqatin 19 Rerk csts 20 Mltiple shift csts 21 Manper adjstment csts 22 The cnstraints 22 Reqirement cnstraints 22 Shp capacity cnstraints 23 Manper cnstraints 25 Prdctin bnds 28 ther cnstraints 29 The ttal system 30 Smmary 31 Chapter in - Case analysis 33 Intrdctin 33 Basic data 33 Mltiple shift incremental csts 33 Manper adjstments 34 Case I: the base case 37 Ttal prgram csts 37 Mltiple shift peratin 39 Manper adjstment csts 43 Cst/vlme adjstments 43 Cases II and HI 43 Prgram cst cmparisns 44 Mltiple shift cmparisns 46 Manper adjstments 53 Parametric analysis 53 Smmary 56 Chapter IV - Cnclsins and recmmendatins 59 Cnclsins 59 Recmmendatins 59 Ftre research 60 References 61 -iii- Page

12 TABLE F NTENTS (Cnt'd) Page Appendix A - Stdy directive A-l Appendix B - Definitins B-l AppendixC - Reprts fr the case analysis C-l -iv-

13 LIST F FIGURES Figre n. Page 1 Rerk planning prcess 11 2 Dept level maintenance rganizatin chart 12 3 Ttal shp rklad csts 25 4 Manper cnstraint 26 5 Manper adjstment csts 28

14 LIST F TABLES Table n. Page 1 Majr prgrams, dept level maintenance 3 2 Cst smmary, naval air rerk facilities, FY Cst smmary, by naval air rerk facility, FY-1971 « Cst smmary, cmmercial dept maintenance, FY Dept maintenance cstmers 8 6 Fnd srce 9 7 Inpt data and srce 13 8 Per nit cst f F-4J PAR, FY Wrklad distribtin * Average hrly pay differentials Acqisitin rate and separatin rates Direct labr rkfrce, actal manning levels and allable range Severance pay per man by NARF Ttal prgram cst smmary, case I Ttal cst smmary, all NARFs, case I Case I ttal cst smmary by NARF Ttal cst smmary, nn-navy rerk facilities, case I Ttal prgram cst smmary, cases I, n and HI Ttal cst smmary, all NARFs Case II ttal cst smmary by NARF Case IE ttal cst smmary by NARF Secnd shift rklad, cases I and III Secnd shift rklad, cases I and II Shp tilizatin, cases I, II, and III Manper adjstments, cases I, II, and in 55 -vi-

15 SYNPSIS PRBLEM Changes in the level, mix, and activity f Naval aircraft frces affect the dept maintenance reqirements fr the Navy's Aircraft Rerk Facilities. Navy managers mst have the capability t prepare prdctin plans and bdgets hich reflect the impact f these changes n the rerk system, s that reqirements are met in a timely and efficient manner. BJECTIVES As set frth in the Stdy Directive (appendix A), the stdy's primary bjective as the develpment f a lng-range planning mdel fr the Navy's Aernatical Dept Maintenance Prgram hich ld: METHD generate and evalate alternative rerk prdctin plans nder varying frce levels inclde all dept maintenance activities sch as aircraft, engine, and cmpnent rerks and general spprt fnctins reflect the prdctin capability f all Naval Aircraft Rerk Facilities A lng-range planning mdel as develped sing a mathematical ptimizatin techniqe knn as linear prgramming. The mdel determines fr each year in a five-year planning hrizn the rklad assignment hich minimizes ttal prgram csts, meets all dept maintenance reqirements and is cnsistent ith the rerk system's capabilities. The mdel cvers the entire Dept Maintenance Prgram hich nt nly incldes all dept maintenance fr the Navy bt als the rk dne by the Navy fr the ther services and ther gvernment agencies. Similarly, the mdel incldes all alternative rerk facilities t hich the rk can be assigned sch as the seven Naval Aircraft Rerk Facilities, the rerk facilities f the ther services, and cmmercial srces. Each f the Navy's rerk facilities is mdeled in detail t ensre that prdctin plans are cnsistent ith the rerk system's capabilities. This incldes cnsideratin f shp capacities, the level and distribtin f manper, and mltiple shift peratins. RESULTS Three case stdies ere cndcted t test the mdel and illstrate its ses. A prdctin plan and bdget fr FY-1974 as develped fr each case. The first case is an actal prdctin plan and bdget prepared by the Naval Air Systems Cmmand's Lng Range Planning Grp. This plan serves as a base case t hich the remaining cases are cmpared. The same data base and the same dept maintenance reqirements ere sed fr all three cases s that meaningfl cmparisns are pssible. -vii-

16 The secnd and third cases are cnsidered cnservative ses f the mdel. Fr these cases, the mdel as alled t deviate frm NavAir's plan n nly 28 percent f the ttal rklad. In additin, fr the rklad assignments alled t change, the amnt f variatin frm NavAir's plan as restricted t 5 and 10 percent fr Cases II and III, respectively. Even given these restrictins, the mdel prdced savings f $2.22 millin fr Case II and $4.21 millin fr Case III. These savings reslted frm the assignment f rk t ler-cst facilities, changes in the amnt and distribtin f mltiple shift peratins and a redctin in the manper adjstments reqired. With respect t manper, Case II generated cst savings by eliminating the need t hire 108 men at ne facility, and redcing the nmber t be separated at the remaining facilities by 155 men. Similarly, Case III redced hiring reqirements by 173 men and separatin reqirements by 228 men. The mdel has an extensive parametric capability hich alls qick evalatin f changes in: Reqirements Capacities Manper Wrklad assignments Basic data inpts Ths, dept maintenance reqirements may be varied ver any specific range, and the mdel prdces prdctin plans and bdgets fr the entire range. This featre can be sed t generate the infrmatin necessary fr trade-ffs beteen reqirements and bdgets. This featre can als be sed t evalate the effects f changes in the amnt and distribtin f shp capacity and manper r changes in the allcatin f rk beteen the rerk facilities. The parametric featre is sed t illstrate the effects n ttal prgram csts f changes in dept maintenance reqirements. REMMENDATINS It is recmmended that the mdel be sed n a cntining basis ithin the Naval Air Systems Cmmand's existing Aernatical Dept Maintenance Lng Range Planning and Prgramming System. -via-

17 PREFACE The Navy's interest in hat is the prper level f spprt fr its perating frces has increased sharply dring the past year de t the cntining scarcity f fnds. In the Fall f 1971, the Navy established the U. S. Naval Spprt Establishment Prject nder the general directin f DCN Lgistics. The prpse f the prject as an extensive reexaminatin f spprt reqirements t assist prgram decisins t be made the flling Spring. Realizing that the spprt area is cmplex and difficlt t measre, the CN simltanesly directed the Directr, Systems Analysis Divisin, p-96 t cndct lnger term research effrts in the develpment f methdlgies fr measring the spprt reqired fr the perating frces. The Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy as ne f several stdies inclded in the CN's FY-1972 Stdy Prgram. At the same time, the ffice f Assistant Secretary f Defense, Systems Analysis, ASD(SA), als reqested that the Navy cndct a Selected Analysis f its aircraft rerk prgram. It as agreed that the NARF stdy cld als serve as the Navy's respnse t ASD(SA)'s reqest. The Center fr Naval Analyses began rk n this stdy in mid-nvember As set frth in the Stdy's Directive (appendix A), the stdy's primary bjective as the develpment f a mdel sitable fr the lng range planning and bdgeting f the Navy's Aernatical Dept Maintenance Prgram. The mdel develped generates and evalates alternative prdctin plans and bdgets fr the entire Dept Maintenance Prgram hich incldes aircraft, engine and cmpnent rerks and general spprt fnctins reqired fr Naval aircraft frces. This effrt has reqired a heavy emphasis n methdlgical isses and develpment f the cmpter sftare necessary t implement the mdel. This reprt is intended fr thse cncerned ith the verall prblems f planning dept maintenance. The scpe f the Dept Maintenance Prgram, the crrent planning system sed fr prgramming and bdgeting, and several majr plicy isses are discssed first. This is flled by a nn-technical discssin f the mdel alng ith a case analysis fr FY-1974 illstrating the mdel's ses. This discssin is based pn an initial versin f the mdel hich has been revised and extended. The mst recent versin is discssed in t additinal dcments, mre technical in natre, hich are intended fr thse h ish t se the mdel. A User's Manal (reference (b)) cntains the instrctins n h t se the cmpter prgram and a cmplete descriptin f the mathematical frmlatin f the mdel. A Prgrammer's Manal (reference (c)) cntains the detailed prgram listings, fl charts and ther spprting infrmatin designed t facilitate prgram installatin and mdificatins hich may be desired in the ftre. -IX- (REVERSE BLANK)

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19 CHAPTER I INTRDUCTIN BACKGRUND The immediate past has been a perid f redced fnding and dramatic redctins in Naval frces. The flling is frm the Chief f Naval peratins statement befre the Senate Armed Services Cmmittee cncerning FY-1973 Military Pstre and Bdget f the United States Navy: In actal strength, t, the bdget y are cnsidering prvides fr frces that are redced bel the levels f 1965, that is, befre the Vietnam bildp: ships - dn 37 percent aircraft - dn 18 percent military persnnel - dn 10 percent Redctins in Naval activity t meet redced bdget cnstraints have been accmplished mainly thrgh the abve frce redctins; crrespnding redctins in the Navy's spprt strctre have nt been as significant. Since additinal ecnmies ill be difficlt t achieve thrgh frther frce redctins, the Navy has fcsed its attentin n its spprt establishment. Cncern ver hat is the prper level f spprt is nt ne, bt clearly, it has taken n increased imprtance. The crcial qestins hich mst be addressed are: What specific spprt activities can be redced? T hat level can these spprt activities be adjsted and still maintain an effective fighting frce? These are nt trivial prblems since spprt incldes a large nmber f cmplex and hetergenes activities, many f hich are hard t qantify and difficlt t relate t frce effectiveness. Effective planning and management f the aircraft spprt establishment is even mre crcial n that aircraft inventries are l. The nmber f aircraft in the Navy's inventry is nt as imprtant as the nmber f aircraft capable f perfrming their missin, hich is determined by the level f spprt prvided. The average NRS/NFE (Nt peratinally Ready Spply /Nt Flly Eqipped) rate fr all Navy aircraft has ranged p t 20 percent dring the past t years. A 20 percent rate implies ne t f every five aircraft cannt perfrm its primary missin. Dring this time the Navy als has been frced t delay the rerk f apprximately 13 percent f its aircraft beynd their nrmal rerk intervals. In additin, this percentage has been increasing ver the time perid. -1-

20 There are three levels f maintenance fr Naval aircraft: rganizatinal Intermediate Dept The fnctins perfrmed increase in cmplexity frm the first level t the third, reqiring mre specialized skills, tls, eqipment, and facilities. The first t levels are in direct spprt f perating sqadrns. The day-t-day maintenance f an aircraft is accmplished by sqadrn maintenance persnnel at the rganizatinal level. This incldes flight preparatins and checks, calendar inspectins, preventive maintenance, repair f dned aircraft and trble-shting. The intermediate maintenance activity jintly serves the sqadrns deplyed n a carrier r at a Naval Air Statin. The intermediate maintenance activity perfrms maintenance fnctins beynd the capability f the rganizatinal level; a majr prtin f their rk is the repair f failed cmpnents hich have been remved frm the aircraft. Dept maintenance incldes majr maintenance fnctins, sch as rerk and verhal f aircraft, engines, and cmpnents. These fnctins are mainly perfrmed in the United States at large indstrial facilities. The planning f the Dept Maintenance Prgram is the sbject f this reprt. AERNAUTICAL DEPT LEVEL MAINTENANCE All dept level maintenance can be described in terms f the 10 majr prgrams displayed in table 1. The first five prgrams are the mst imprtant and accnt fr percent f the cst f dept maintenance. A fe f the sb-prgrams r specific rerk activities hich are perfrmed are shn nder each majr prgram. The cmplete set f sb-prgrams hich incldes 44 different activities is given in appendix B. The aircraft prgram incldes all standard aircraft rerks sch as prgressive aircraft rerk (PAR), inspect and repair as necessary (IRAN), verhal, mdernizatin, mdificatin, cnversin, analytical rerk and crash/battle damage verhal. The PAR is the largest activity in the aircraft prgram. An aircraft is retrned t the dept fr a PAR several times dring its service life. The PAR invlves a cmplete examinatin and evalatin, disassembly, rerk f cmpnents, assembly, and test. The rk is qite extensive and can reqire several mnths t cmplete. The term "prgressive" serves t indicate that the rk perfrmed is tailred t the specific time in an aircraft's service life hen it is nderging PAR. Mdificatin is the alteratin f the physical make-p f an aircraft t inclde technical imprvements. A cnversin is mre extensive, changing the missin, perfrmance r capability f an aircraft t sch an extent as t effect a change in its Type/Mdel/Series (T/M/S) designatin, e.g., F4-B t F4-N. 2-

21 TABLE 1 MAJR PRGRAMS DEPT LEVEL MAINTENANCE 1. Aircraft: 2. Engines: 3. Aircraft & engine accessries and cmpnents: 4. Electrnics and cmmnicatin eqipment: 5. ther spprt: 6. Special spprt: 7. ther maintenance prgrams: 8. Armament 9. Manfactring: 10. Cntingency reserve: standard aircraft rerk prgrams: prgressive aircraft rerk, mdificatins, cnversins, crash damage verhal. engine repair, verhal,... dept level repair and rerk f repairable cmpnents field rerk fr frce and general spprt reqirements: aircraft in-service repair, mdernizatin/mdificatin, preservatin/depreservatin, field teams, salvage, fleet training, Naval Engineering Spprt prgrams, grnd spprt eqipment prgram, technical assistance... nn-prgrammed aircraft and engines, accessries and cmpnents, electrnic and cmmnicatins eqipment, frce spprt, test eqipment calibratin and indirect NARF spprt special federal persnnel prgrams, special systems spprt, deep freeze, attaches, Defense Intelligence Agency, missile-riented repair, rdnance and targets... NARF in-hse fabricatin and manfactring fr stres and mdificatin. activatin and inactivatin, strage and renvatin f aircraft The engine prgram incldes the verhal and repair f aircraft engines. Engines are retrned peridically t the dept, n the basis f flying hrs, fr an verhal. Similarly, engines hich have failed in the fleet and are beynd the repair capabilities f the rganizatinal and intermediate maintenance activities are retrned fr repair. -3-

22 The third and frth prgrams tgether cnstitte hat is cmmnly termed the cmpnent rerk prgram. The distinctin beteen the third and frth prgrams is based n the type f cmpnent that is rerked. The cmpnent rerk prgram is especially imprtant since the grnding f an aircraft is sally cased by the failre f a cmpnent and the lack f a spare t replace it. Becase cmpnents are expensive, it is sally prfitable t repair them; the recvery rate ranges frm 80 t 90 percent. Ths, after the initial tfitting f an aircraft, the replacement cmpnents received by the spply department fr sqadrn spprt are predminantly cmpnents hich have been rerked at either the intermediate r dept maintenance level. The magnitde f the Dept Maintenance Prgram is evident frm the actal FY-1971 prgram csts given in table 2. The table smmarizes the csts incrred at the seven Naval Aircraft Rerk Facilities. The ttal cst f this effrt as $574 millin, ith the aircraft, engine and cmpnent prgrams accnting fr 36, 18, and 26 percent f the csts respectively. All ther prgram csts, representing 20 percent f ttal csts, are inclded in the ther categry. A predminant prtin f the rk, $465 millin, as paid fr by peratins and Maintenance, Navy fnds. The remaining $108 millin incldes sme ther Navy rk and the rk perfrmed fr nn-navy cstmers. TABLE 2 ST SUMMARY* NAVAL AIR REWRK FACILITIES FY-1971 (Millins f dllars) Prgram &MN Fnd Srce ther (Navy & nn-navy) Ttal Percent Aircraft Engines Cmpnents ther spprt Ttal "Frm: Perfrmance Smmary Reprt fr Naval Air Rerk Facilities, Annal, FY-1971, Dept Management Divisin, Asst. Cdr. Lgistics Fleet Spprt, NavAirSysCm, Wash., DC

23 Dept level maintenance fr the Navy is accmplished nt nly at its n rerk facilities, bt als at the rerk facilities f the ther services, and at cmmercial srces. The cmplete set f alternative rerk facilities sed by the Navy is as flls: Naval Air Rerk Facilities (NARFs) Alameda Cherry Pint Jacksnville Nrflk Nrth Island Pensacla Qnset Pint Army Air Frce Cmmercial NUS XNUS The distribtin f the FY-1971 Dept Maintenance Prgram ver the Navy's seven rerk facilities is given in table 3. The NARFs are arranged in terms f expenditres, beginning ith the largest, Nrth Island, and ending ith the smallest, Cherry Pint. There are t NARFs n the West Cast and five NARFs n the East Cast accnting fr 44 percent and 56 percent f the csts respectively. All the NARFs perfrm rk in each f the majr prgrams, bt each NARF has its n specialized capabilities t spprt specific aircraft, engines and cmpnents. Fr example, Pensacla emphasizes training aircraft hile Alameda and Nrflk alne perfrm missile rerks. Table 4 smmarizes the cst f dept maintenance fr FY-1971 hich as accmplished at cmmercial srces. The ttal cst f this effrt as $127 millin ith $97 millin r 77 percent f the ttal perfrmed in NUS. The decisin t assign rk cmmercially depends n many factrs, the mst imprtant f hich are cst, qality, and availability f specialized skills r facilities. Als emphasized is the assignment f rk n nn-missin essential eapn systems. In additin t the abve, cmmercial rk perfrmed tside the United States incldes the spprt f permanently deplyed aircraft fr hich high transprtatin csts and significant t-f-service transit times ld reslt if retrned t a NUS dept. The seven Naval Air Rerk Facilities als perfrm dept maintenance fr a large nmber f nn-navy cstmers. The cmplete list f cstmers is given in table 5; this incldes the active and reserve frces fr bth the Navy and the Marine Crps, Army, Air Frce, Military Assistance Prgrams, ther gvernment agencies, and freign gvernments. Inter-service and inter-agency rk agreements are emphasized t eliminate nnecessary dplicatins f skills and facilities.

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25 TABLE 4 ST SUMMARY* MMERCIAL DEPT MAINTENANCE FY-1971 (Millins f dllars) Prgrams NUS XNUS Ttal Percent Aircraft Engines Cmpnents ther Ttal Percent *Frm: Perfrmance Smmary Reprt fr Naval Air Rerk Facilities, Annal, FY-1971, Dept Management Divisin, Asst. Cdr. Lgistics Fleet Spprt, NavAirSysCm, Wash., D C As indicated previsly, the Dept Maintenance Prgram is fnded mainly thrgh the peratins and Maintenance, Navy accnt fr Aircraft Rerks; this accnt als incldes the majrity f fnds fr the engine, cmpnent and spprt prgrams. There are several ther accnts hich spply fnds directly r indirectly; the list f ptential fnd srces is given in table 6. Ths, the mdificatin and cnversin f aircraft is paid fr by the Prcrement f Aircraft and Missiles, Navy (PAMN) accnt. Similarly, replacement r expansin f facilities at the NARFs is fnded thrgh the Military Cnstrctin, Navy (MCN) accnt, hile salaries fr military persnnel assigned t the NARFs are paid fr ith Military Persnnel, Navy (MPN) fnds. In smmary, the Dept Maintenance Prgram is a large and cmplex effrt, in terms f bth cst and the types f activities ndertaken. The emphasis f lng-range planning fr this prgram mst be at the mst aggregate level t facilitate majr plicy trade-ffs, bt this first reqires cnsiderable attentin t details. Fr example, it is necessary t kn h the rk is being dne fr and hich accnts are t prvide the fnds. Fr bdgetary prpses, rk paid fr by nn-navy fnds mst be identified s that it may be separated frm the Navy's bdget. Similarly, since the Navy is respnsible fr the management and cntrl f its n rerk facilities, the additinal rk placed n the NARFs, in spprt f the ther services and agencies, mst be inclded hen develping the NARF's prdctin plans. This is the nly ay t btain a tre pictre f the ttal capacity and manper needs f the Navy's rerk facilities. -7-

26 perating frces Cmbat frces Navy Marines R&D Cmmand Training Cmmand Lgistic Cmmand Navy- Marine Attache Deep Freeze DIA Military airlift cmmands Reserve frces Navy Marines Natinal Gard nits Spply system ther DD cmpnents Army Air Frce Military assistance prgrams Navy Army Air Frce TABLE 5 DEPT MAINTENANCE CUSTMERS ther departments and agencies Department f Transprtatin Natinal Aernatics & Space Agency Atmic Energy Cmmissin Agency fr Internatinal Develpment General Services Administratin Pst ffice Department ther Nn-Federal activities Clleges & niversities State and lcal gvernments Freign gvernments -8-

27 TABLE 6 FUND SURCE Navy: peratin and Maintenance, Navy (&MN) - Aircraft rerk - perating frces - Reserve frces - Air Lanches Weapn Systems - Calibratin - ther Prcrement f Aircraft and Missiles, Navy (PAMN) ther Prcrement, Navy (PN) Research, Develpment, Test and Evalatin, Navy (RDT&EN) Military Cnstrctin, Navy (MCN) Military Persnnel, Navy (MPN) Navy Stck Fnd (NSF) Navy Indstrial Fnd (NIF) Marine Crps Army Air Frce ther DD ther

28 The remainder f this chapter is cncerned ith the dept maintenance planning prcess crrently sed by the Navy. THE PLANNING PRCESS Dept maintenance planning reqires three majr sets f decisins as shn in figre 1; First, the aircraft frces t be spprted are determined. This incldes specificatin f the level, mix, flying hr prgram, and deplyment f the aircraft frces. Secnd, sing maintenance plicies, sch as the freqency f aircraft rerks and engine verhals, the specific rerk activities r sb-prgrams implied by the chsen aircraft frce levels are calclated. The third and final step is the develpment f a prdctin plan and bdget hich meets the rerk reqirements. This incldes the assignment f the rklad t each rerk facility, the resrces reqired by each facility, the ttal csts f the prdctin plan and the reslting dept maintenance bdget. As indicated in figre 1, rerk plans are nt develped by a simple ne-time prgressin thrgh each f the three steps. Fr example, the ttal cst f the rerk prgram determined in step 3 may s exceed a bdget cnstraint that recnsideratin f aircraft frce levels (step 1) and/r rerk maintenance plicies (step 2) may be necessary. An rganizatin chart shing the Navy ffices cncerned ith the Dept Maintenance Prgram is given in figre 2. The Naval Air Systems Cmmand (NavAir), as a sbclaimant nder the Naval Material Cmmand (CNM), is directly respnsible fr the dept maintenance bdget and spprting dcments fr the Five-Year Defense Prgram (FYDP). The cnslidatin and final develpment f plans are accmplished in t ffices ithin the Dept Management Divisin f NavAir (Air-414). The first, the Resrces Branch (Air-4142) is respnsible fr the develpment f the Naval Indstrial Fnd A-ll Bdget hich incldes the Dept Maintenance Bdget fr the bdget year, crrent year, and previs year. The secnd ffice, the Dept Level Maintenance Lng Range Planning and Prgramming Grp (Air-414A2) prepares the dept maintenance backp fr the Five-Year Defense Prgram hich incldes a prdctin plan and bdget fr each f the five years cvered. As an example: Dring FY-1972, the Resrces Branch rks n the A-ll Bdget fr FY-1973, hich als cntains the bdgets fr FY-1971 and FY At the same time the Lng Range Planning Grp prepares the FYDP backp fr FY-1972 thrgh FY There are a nmber f ffices hich spply data fr the abve planning fnctins; the mst imprtant inpts and their srces are listed in table 7. Infrmatin n aircraft rerk reqirements, fr example, is prvided t NavAir frm the Aircraft Prgrams Branch (p-512) in the frm f three dcments: U. S. Navy Aircraft Prgram-Resrces, U. S. Navy Aircraft - Estimated Rerks, and the Aircraft Prgram Data File. Tgether, these dcments inclde prjectins f all Navy aircraft in varis inventry statses, gains and lsses, rerk qantities by type/mdel/series and type f rerk t be perfrmed, their gegraphical distribtin, and the flying hr prgram. -10-

29 Step 1 Aircraft frces Level Mix Flying hr prgram Lcatin Step 2 Rerk reqirements - Nmber f PARS Nmber f verhals -T- I I Step 3 5-year prdctin plan Wrklad assignment Resrces Cst and bdget FIG. 1: REWRK PLANNING PRCESS 11-

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31 TABLE 7 INPUT DATA AND SURCE 1. U. S. Navy Aircraft Prgram-Resrces (Exhibit A-II f Cngressinal bdget sbmissin): NP U. S. Navy Aircraft-Estimated Rerks (Exhibit A-VII f Cngressinal bdget sbmissin): NP Aircraft Prgram Data File (APDF): NP peratinal Safety and Imprvement Prgram Listing: NP Missin Essentiality Listing: NP Aircraft Engine Rerk Reqirements: NP Weapns System Planning Directive: NAIR Dept Maintenance Interservice Spprt Agreements: NAIR-414 and interested services 9. Prdctin Perfrmance Reprts and Smmaries: NARFs and NAIR NRM and Manhr Allcatin Data: NAIR-414, rklad cnferences, NavAirReps Pacific and Atlantic 11. Navy Indstrial Fnd (NIF)A-ll Bdget Data: NARFs and NAIR Cst Vlme Analysis Data: NARFs and NAIR Facility Capacities: NARFs and NAIR NRM Distribtin: NARFs, NAIR-414, NavAirReps Pacific and Atlantic -13-

32 The Dept Management Divisin f NavAir is rganized int several branches, each respnsible fr ne f the majr Dept Maintenance Prgrams. Ths, the abve infrmatin n aircraft rerk reqirements is refined frther by the Aircraft and Missiles Branch (Air-4144), and an initial rklad assignment is made. Similarly, aircraft engine rerk reqirements are detailed in the Per Plants Branch (Air-4145) frm data spplied by Air-412 and p-51. Finally, the abve reqirements and initial rklad assignments fr the entire Dept Maintenance Prgram are cnslidated, analyzed, and mdified as necessary by the Resrces Branch and the Lng Range Planning Grp. T majr sets f decisins have tentatively been made by the time inpts are received by the Resrces Branch and the Lng Range Planning Grp: the level, mix and activity f aircraft frces have been specified (step 1), and the rerk reqirements implied by the chsen aircraft frces have been determined (step 2). Aggregatin f these inpts int a prdctin plan and bdget fr the entire Dept Maintenance Prgram inevitably highlights imbalances in the ttal prgram. A cnsiderable amnt f analysis, especially the strctring f several alternatives, is reqired at this pint befre a final plan is chsen. The Resrces Branch and the Lng Range Planning Grp carry t this imprtant fnctin in clse crdinatin ith all the ffices that have spplied the basic inpts. The generatin and evalatin f a rich set f alternatives dring this third stage f the planning prcess is mst imprtant. In additin, it is crcial that plans be cnsistent ver time. Ths, the majr emphasis f this stdy is n the planning system sed by the Lng Range Planning Grp. THE DEPT MAINTENANCE LNG RANGE PLANNING SYSTEM NavAir's Lng Range Planning and Prgramming System has been in existence fr ver five years, dring hich it has ndergne many refinements and imprvements. The need fr sch a system as highlighted in the mid-60's dring the preparatin f several majr stdies f the Dept Maintenance Prgram (reference (f)). The prblems f btaining accrate, cnsistent and timely data in a frm that is easily prcessed ere qite acte. Nav Air's data base n prvides cmplete and detailed cverage f the Dept Maintenance Prgram and is pdated qarterly. The prpse f the Lng Range Planning System is develpment f the five-year dept maintenance prdctin plans and bdgets cnsistent ith and in spprt f the FYDP. The system as designed t cmply ith DD gidance fr dept maintenance planning, especially DD Instrctin and varis amplifying gidelines. The system prvides a cmplete vervie f the ttal Dept Maintenance Prgram fr revie by tp management, and yet the analysis begins frm detailed infrmatin t ensre that reqirements are cmplete, csts are accrate, and plans are feasible. 14-

33 T accmplish the abve, the planners begin ith the dept maintenance reqirements and rklad assignments spplied t them. Each reqirement is assciated t a: Prgram Sb-Prgram Type Eqipment Cde Type/Mdel/Series Cstmer Fnd Srce A specific example f a reqirement and its rklad assignment is the fl Prgram: Aircraft Sb-Prgram: PAR TEC: AFPH T/M/S: F-4J Cstmer: Navy Fnd: MN FY Ttal qantity t be rerked Wrklad assignment: Nrth Island 40 Cherry Pint This calls fr 80 F-4J's t nderg Prgressive Aircraft Rerk fr each f the years shn. This rk is being dne fr the Navy and is t be paid fr ith peratins and Maintenance, Navy fnds. The Type Eqipment Cde in this case designates an F-4J. If this rk ere fr engine verhals, instead, the Type Eqipment Cde ld designate the specific type f engine t be rerked hile the Type/Mdel/Series ld be the aircraft hich is t generate the engine rerk reqirement. Using this level f detail, the ttal set f reqirements fr a given year can range frm different items. Attentin t sch detail is arranted fr several reasns. First, since dept maintenance activities are s diverse and differ in cmplexity, the bdget ld be serisly verestimated r nderestimated nless each activity's specific featres are taken int accnt. Fr example, the PAR f an A-7A csts abt $74, 000 hile the cstfanf-4j PAR is apprximately $125,000. Secnd, even the same fnctin can have a different cst depending n here the rk is perfrmed, ths the reasn fr emphasizing prdctin planning in cnjnctin ith the develpment f the bdget. As an example, an F-4J PAR csts apprximately $125, 000 at Nrth Island and $117,000 at Cherry Pint. -15-

34 Finally, in the aggregate, the cmbined prdctin plan can imply mltiple shift peratins, expansin r nder-tilizatin f facilities, and the hiring and laying ff f persnnel, all f hich can be qite cstly. There are many ays t accmplish the same rk package; the prblem is t find the best ay. In rder t evalate a given plan, the Lng Range Planning Grp has a series f cmpter prgrams hich generate an extensive set f reprts; the mst imprtant reprts are: Planning and Prgramming Wrksheets Prgram Cst Reprts Wrklad Variance Reprts Civilian Ceiling Reprts Basic Data Reprts The Planning and Prgramming Wrksheets are the basic dcments inpt t the Lng Range Planning System. They inclde all f the dept maintenance reqirements and their rklad assignments. These reqirements are then csted and a series f Prgram Cst Reprts are prdced ith varying levels f detail. The ttal cst f the Dept Maintenance Prgram brken dn int the majr prgrams, sb-prgrams and fnd srces is available. In additin, csts are als recapped fr the rklad assigned t each alternative rerk facility. The Wrklad Variance Reprts and Civilian Ceiling Reprts agment the Prgram Cst Reprt fr each rerk facility. The Wrklad Variance Reprt shs the distribtin f manhrs t each rerk facility's nine shp categries implied by the rklad assignment. These manhrs are cmpared t each shp's capacity ith nder and verlads indicated and a percent tilizatin f the shp's capacity. This is an imprtant dcment sefl fr smthing the distribtin f rk s as t avid neven and cstly allcatins f rk. The Civilian Ceiling Reprts prvide the same type f infrmatin, bt here the rklad is cmpared t manper ceilings. Again, the intent is t avid nnecessary hiring r laying ff f persnnel and the satisfactin f manper ceilings. Finally, the Basic Data Reprts cntain all the rklad and cst data sed in the generatin f the ther reprts. ALTERNATIVES AND NSTRAINTS N matter h gd are the initial set f reqirements and rklad assignments, these mst be cnsidered as a pint f departre. The evalatin f several alternatives is necessary befre a gd plan reslts. This sectin highlights the majr qestins hich reccr dring each planning cycle, the alternatives and cnstraints reqiring analysis, and the manner in hich the mdel prpsed in this stdy can enhance dept maintenance planning. A majr prblem in the past has been that the cst f the initial set f reqirements exceeds the bdget cnstraints placed n the Dept Maintenance Prgram. This frces an immediate re-evalatin f all reqirements t determine h best they can be redced t satisfy fiscal gidance itht serisly impairing frce effectiveness. This prblem is made mre difficlt by the fact that n ne is qite sre f the effects n aircraft -16-

35 readiness and perating csts that ld reslt frm varying degrees f dept maintenance. Clearly t be avided are plicy changes hich merely pass maintenance csts t the rganizatinal and intermediate maintenance activities, giving the false impressin f a cst savings. The prblem is frther cmpnded by the scpe f the Dept Maintenance Prgram; the different rerk activities imply an extensive nmber f ptential alternatives. Redctins might be achieved by cmpletely phasing t an ld aircraft, pstpning dept maintenance fr a class f aircraft r acrss the bard redctins. Fr each set f reqirements, a ne rklad assignment mst be prepared befre the plan can be evalated. This is a labris and time-cnsming prcess ith the reslt that nly a limited nmber f alternatives are cnsidered. Since the abve is a recrring prblem, the mdel hich has been develped incldes a parametric featre designed t facilitate the trade-ff beteen reqirements and the bdget. The mdel alls fr sets f reqirements t be varied ver any specified range. Ths, the rerk activities fr a specific type/mdel/series r class f aircraft can be varied. The mdel then determines the minimm cst prdctin plan hich meets each level f reqirements ithin the specified range. This greatly increases the nmber f alternatives that are evalated since the planner n lnger is reqired t cnstrct the rklad assignments fr each level f reqirements. In additin, if the reqirements exceed the capacity f the rerk system, the mdel prvides this infrmatin and pinpints the specific shps hich limit prdctin. This is especially sefl fr mbilizatin planning here increased reqirements can strain the rerk system t its capacity. T frther facilitate the selectin f specific reqirements fr parametric analysis, the mdel prvides the expected cst savings hich ld reslt frm redctins in each reqirement. Ths, a ranking f rerk reqirements in terms f ptential cst savings is pssible. It is nt sggested that planners begin ith the highest cst rerk activities and make redctins ntil a bdget cnstraint is met. Clearly, the highest cst activities sally relate t the Navy's mst imprtant first line aircraft. Hever, sing sch a ranking in cnjnctin ith infrmatin n the missin essentiality f an aircraft, strategic bjectives, and the vale f specific activities in terms f the spprt prvided can facilitate the hard chices hich mst be made. Dept maintenance persnnel and fleet cmmanders cld then strctre sets f reqirements fr parametric analysis. nce reqirements and the bdget have been brght in balance, there are still many ptins hich shld be cnsidered t determine the best rk package. As stressed earlier, n matter h gd the rklad assignments fr each individal reqirement are, in the aggregate they may imply a prdctin plan that necessitates cstly se f mltiple shift peratins, extensive changes t shp capacities, r drastic increases r decreases in the rkfrce. Under the crrent planning system, a cnsiderable effrt is reqired t frce prdctin plans t fall ithin manper and capacity limits f the rerk facilities. As discssed earlier, the Wrklad Variance Reprts and Civilian Ceiling Reprts are sed t facilitate the prcess. Hever, any imbalances fnd reqire the generatin f a ne rklad assignment. Analysis f this ne assignment may jst sh that the previs imbalance has been shifted t ther shps ithin a rerk facility r frm ne rerk facility t anther. An alternative apprach is t explicitly inclde in a mdel all the manper and capacity cnstraints and have the mdel generate all pssible assignments hich cnfrm t these cnstraints. The mdel hich has been develped has this featre. Ths, ne rn ith the mdel garantees that the reslting -17-

36 prdctin plan reflects the prdctin capability f the rerk system, and in additin, a large nmber f plans are evalated ith the minimm cst plan the reslt. The abve prvides the planner ith a richer set f alternatives and alls mre time fr emphasizing majr trade-ff isses. Fr example, in the shrt rn, shp capacities are fixed and prdctin plans mst be cnsistent ith these capacities. In the lng rn, hever, these capacities may be adjsted. The mdel prdces estimated cst savings fr changes in each shp's capacity, hich may then be cmpared ith the cst f changing that capacity. This alls cnsideratin f capacity changes fr selected shps ithin a rerk facility, and cnsideratin f the lng rn effects f a redistribtin f capacity beteen rerk facilities. Similarly, manper plicies, hether impsed by the Navy itself r by external srces, can be evalated. This cld inclde a determinatin f the effects f a manper ceiling n the ttal rerk system, the allcatin f this ceiling t each rerk facility, and the distribtin f the rkfrce beteen the shps ithin a facility. f crrent interest are DD plicies hich are cncerned ith the distribtin f the dept maintenance rklad beteen the Navy's rerk facilities and cmmercial srces. N ne is sre hat the apprpriate mix shld be nr hat the effects ill be f the specific distribtin chsen. Again, the mdel can assist in the evalatin f varis mixes f rganic and cmmercial rerk. A revie f the basic strctre f the rerk system inclding a determinatin f the apprpriate nmber and size f the rerk facilities is sefl as reqirements change significantly ver time. Fr example, base clsre analysis is pssible by simply redcing the capacity f a specified rerk facility t zer. This frces the mdel t allcate the rklad amng the remaining facilities. It is nt pssible t inclde in a mdel all the ne-time csts and savings hich arise frm a base clsre decisin, bt the mdel can highlight thse shp, manper and facility cnstraints hich mst be adjsted t achieve the clsre. The csts f these adjstments ld then be determined tside the mdel t cmplete the analysis. In smmary, the majr emphasis f this stdy has been the develpment f a mdel hich prdces a cmplete range f alternatives and prvides the decisin maker ith gidance as t h thse cnstraints nder his cntrl may best be changed in either the shrt r lng rn. -18-

37 CHAPTER II A NEW APPRACH T PLANNING THE BASIC PRBLEM The existing planning prblems highlight the need fr a mdel having the capability t generate all pssible alternative prdctin plans and evalate each ith respect t its ttal cst and feasibility. The details f the mdel develped by this stdy are explained in this chapter. The mdel prdces yearly prdctin plans and bdgets fr p t five years hich encmpass all the rerk activities f the Dept Maintenance Prgram and all alternative facilities t hich the rk can be assigned. In additin, an extensive parametric capability is inclded in the mdel s that majr trade-ff isses cncerning reqirements, bdgets, manper and capacity can be addressed. The mdel tilizes a mathematical ptimizatin techniqe knn as linear prgramming t generate and evalate the different prdctin plans. Linear Prgramming has been sed extensively fr ver 20 years ith its mst imprtant applicatins in the areas f medimrange and lng-range planning fr a ide variety f indstries. The linear prgramming mdel is sed t prdce least cst prdctin plans fr each year ithin a five-year planning hrizn. The ptimizatin prblem hich is slved fr each year nder cnsideratin has the flling general frm: Determine the rklad assignment hich: minimizes ttal csts meets all reqirements is cnsistent ith the rerk system's capabilities In mathematical terms, the prblem is simply the minimizatin f a ttal cst fnctin sbject t a set f cnstraints. The ttal cst fnctin incldes the cst f perfrming each rerk activity at all alternative facilities as ell as the csts f mltiple shift peratins and adjstments t manper. Besides insring all dept maintenance reqirements are met, the cnstraints als restrict the rklad assignments t cnfrm t the manper and capacity limitatins f each facility in the rerk system. The ttal cst fnctin and the varis cnstraints sed in the mdel are discssed in the flling sectins. THE TTAL ST EQUATIN The bjective f the mdel is t determine the rklad assignment hich minimizes ttal cst. The ttal cst eqatin is the sm f the rerk csts fr all dept maintenance reqirements, the cst f mltiple shift peratins, and the cst f adjsting the size f the rkfrce. Each f these csts is cnsidered bel. 19-

38 Rerk Csts The calclatin f ttal rerk csts begins ith the nit cst f prdcing each dept maintenance reqirement r rerk activity. Since a specific rerk activity may be accmplished at several different facilities, a nit cst is specified fr each facility t be cnsidered as a ptential assignment pint. The ttal rerk csts are btained by extending the qantities f rk assigned t a facility by their apprpriate nit csts, and then smming these csts ver all the rerk facilities. The nit cst f a rerk activity at a specific facility is derived frm the flling five basic data elements: Nmber f Direct Labr Hrs reqired per nit (NRM) Direct Material Cst per nit (DMC) Direct Labr Rate per hr (DLR) Prdctin verhead Rate per hr (PR) General and Administrative verhead Rate per hr (GAR) The cst f prdcing ne nit f a rerk activity is: Unit Cst = DMC +(DLR + PR + GAR) NRM The nit cst is the sm f the per nit cst f direct material, direct labr, prdctin verhead, and general and administrative verhead. The direct material cst, DMC, is given n a per nit basis. The nit cst f direct labr is the prdct f the nmber f direct labr hrs reqired per nit, the NRM, and the cst f a direct labr hr, DLR. Similarly, Prdctin and General Administrative verhead csts are allcated in terms f the nmber f direct labr hrs reqired. Table 8 shs the per nit cst calclatins fr an F-4J PAR at Nrth Island and Cherry Pint. It shld be nted that the NRM, material csts and the varis rates can all differ fr the same rk perfrmed at different rerk facilities. Ths, the direct labr rate may differ since sme rerk facilities are lcated in high cst labr markets hile thers are in l cst markets r becase the skill mix differs beteen facilities. Even ithin ne facility there are differences in the basic data hich mst be accnted fr hen cmpting nit csts. Clearly, the NRM and material csts vary fr the different rerk activities assigned t a facility. Similarly, a different labr rate and prdctin verhead rate is established fr each f the 10 majr rk prgrams since different mixes r skills are reqired fr each prgram. Assciating each rerk activity t a prgram ensres the se f the apprpriate rate. -20-

39 TABLE 8 PER UNIT ST F F -4J PAR FY-74 Nrth Island Cherry Pint Direct Labr Rate (DLR) $6.68/hr $6.22/hr Prdctin verhead Rate (PR) $2.50/hr $2.60/hr General and Administrative Rage (GAR) $4.42/hr $3.50/hr Direct Material Cst (DMC) $10,644/nit $15,297/nit NRM 8400 hrs 8300 hrs Cst = (DLR + PR + GAR) NRM + DMC Cst f ne F-4J PAR at Nrth Island = ^ + $2^50 + _$4^2_j 8400 hr< + $10> 644 = $114, $10, 644 = $124, 884 Cst f ne F-4J PAR at Cherry Pint = /_$6 i 22 $2^60 $2^50 \ \ hr. hr. hr. / = $102, $15, 297 = $117, 553 In additin, the general and administrative verhead rate is tailred t each rerk facility. The same rate, hever, is applied t all jbs ithin a rerk facility. Finally, since verhead csts can vary ith the ttal rklad f a rerk facility, adjstments are made in the verhead rates t accnt fr this. H these adjstments are accmplished is discssed frther in chapter III. Mltiple Shift Csts The rerk csts discssed in the previs sectin inclde all csts hich are directly attribtable t each rerk activity. There are ther csts, hever, hich are a fnctin f the ttal rk assigned t a facility. Each rerk activity cntribtes t these csts, bt it is mre meaningfl t identify them separately at the aggregate level. The mltiple shift csts are thse additinal r incremental csts hich mst be brne if the ttal rk assigned t a rerk facility necessitates se f a secnd r third shift. Each rerk facility is described in terms f nine shp categries. The first shift capacity f each shp is specified in terms f the ttal direct labr hrs f rk hich cld be sstained n the basis f a standard 40-hr rk eek. If the rk assigned t a facility necessitates mre direct labr hrs f rk fr a specific shp than can be perfrmed n the first shift, then the cst f the additinal shifts is charged. The mdel ill all mltiple shift peratins nly if the additinal csts are arranted. -21-

40 That is, after cnsidering all alternative rklad assignments, the decisin t se mltiple shifts is made nly if it implies that the ttal cst f the Dept Maintenance Prgram is minimized. Manper Adjstment Csts The capacities f a NARF's shps may be sfficient t accmplish a rklad assignment, bt the crrent r planned manper assigned t the NARF may nt be sfficient. The prpse f the manper adjstment csts is t prperly accnt fr hiring and/r lay-ff csts hich mst be paid if a rklad assignment reqires a majr change in the size r distribtin f the rk frce. Again, a rklad assignment hich implies an adjstment t the manning level is nly cnsidered if ttal csts are minimized. In smmary, the ttal cst eqatin incldes all csts attribtable t the rerk activ - ities assigned, and the csts f mltiple shift peratins and manper adjstments. A frther discssin f mltiple shift peratins and manper adjstments is cntained in the scceeding sectins f this chapter. THE NSTRAINTS Several hndred cnstraints are sed in the mdel t ensre that rklad assignments are cnsistent ith the prdctin capabilities f the seven Naval Air Rerk Facilities. There are five basic categries f cnstraints: Reqirements Shp capacity Manper Prdctin bnds ther The reqirement cnstraints simply frce the mdel t assign all the dept maintenance reqirements hich are specified as inpts by the planner. The shp capacity cnstraints ensre that rklads are cnsistent ith the capabilities f all shps ithin each NARF. They frther facilitate the prper csting f mltiple shift peratins. Similarly, the manper cnstraints frce prdctin plans t cincide ith the size and distribtin f the rkfrce and t cst rkfrce adjstments hich are fnd beneficial. The prdctin bnds restrict the allcatin f specific rerk activities t ensre these assignments cnfrm t the particlar capabilities f the rerk facilities perfrming these fnctins. Finally, since linear prgramming is a general prpse ptimizatin methd, it is pssible t inclde ther cnstraints as deemed necessary. Each f the abve types f cnstraints is discssed bel. Reqirement Cnstraints The reqirement cnstraints insre that the ttal qantity f a rerk activity assigned is eqal t the ttal reqirement fr that activity. There is ne reqirement cnstraint fr every dept maintenance reqirement r rerk activity. Fr example, sppse 80 F-4J PAR's are t be perfrmed fr the Navy in FY-1974 and Nrth Island and Cherry Pint are -22-

41 identified as the nly rerk facilities ith the capabilities t accmplish this rk. Then the reqirement cnstraint fr F-4J PAR's simply specifies that the nmber f F-4J PAR's assigned t Nrth Island pls the nmber assigned t Cherry Pint mst eqal 80, the ttal dept maintenance reqirement fr F-4J PAR's. Shp Capacity Cnstraints The shp capacity cnstraints serve t prpses. First, they cnstrain the amnt f rk assigned t a facility t fall ithin its shp's capacities. Secnd, they facilitate the prper csting f mltiple shift peratins. Befre discssing these t fnctins, it is necessary t nderstand h the ttal rklad f a NARF is distribted ver its shps. Each NARF is described in terms f the flling nine shp categries: Airframes Engines Accessries and cmpnents Electrnics, cmmnicatins and armament Armament Spprt eqipment Manfactre and repair Test and calibratin ther The airframe shp incldes sch rk fnctins as the stripping, disassembly, refinishing and systems checks perfrmed fr sch rerk activities as PAR, mdificatin, crash and battle damage verhal. Similarly, the cmpnents remved dring a PAR are rerked in the third and frth shp categries. A cmplete descriptin f each shp categry inclding the types f rk perfrmed is given in appendix B. Althgh a specific rerk activity may tilize ne shp mre than the thers, almst all f the rerk activities reqire sme rk in each f the nine shps. T insre a rklad assignment is cnsistent ith all the shps' capacities, it is therefre necessary t determine the distribtin f the rklad ver the shps. This is accmplished ith the se f t basic data elements: NRM Distribtin factrs The NRM is the ttal direct labr hrs reqired t prdce ne nit f a rerk activity, hile the distribtin factrs are the percent f the NRM accmplished in each shp. A sample calclatin fr an F -4J PAR at Nrth Island is given in table 9. nly seven shps are sed in this example. The NRM is 8, 400 direct labr hrs f hich 62 percent r 5, 208 direct labr hrs are perfrmed in the Airframe shp fr each PAR. It shld be nted that the distribtin factrs have been estimated specifically fr each rerk activity and fr each facility. Ths, the distribtin factrs fr an F- 4J PAR at Cherry Pint differ frm thse fr Nrth Island. -23-

42 TABLE 9 WRKLAD DISTRIBUTIN Example: F -4J PAR at NARF Nrth Island NRM = 8400 direct labr hrs per PAR Shp 1 - Airframe 2 - Engines 3 - Accessries and cmpnents 4 - Electrnics armament 5 - Spprt eqipment 6 - Manfactre 7 - ther Ttal Distribtin factr (percent) Wrklad per nit (nrm x distribtin factr) 5, , ,400 Using the abve data, it is a simple matter t determine the ttal hrs f rk fr each shp hich are implied by any rklad assignment. Ths, if 50 F-4J PAR's are assigned t Nrth Island, then 420,000 ( = 50 x 8,400) hrs are reqired ith 260, 400 ( = 50 x 5, 208) f these ccrring in the Airframe Shp. The ttal rklad in the Airframe Shp is then fnd by smming the abve calclatins fr all rerk activities assigned t the NARF. The ttal hrs fr the ther shps are defined similarly. The NARF shp capacity cnstraints reqire that the ttal hrs f rk assigned t a shp mst nt exceed its first shift capacity nless the mdel finds it beneficial t pay the extra csts fr a secnd r third shift peratin. The first shift capacities are given in terms f the ttal direct labr hrs f rk hich cld be spprted presming a standard 40 hr rk eek and an efficient tilizatin f the shp's physical layt. There are actally three capacity cnstraints fr each shp; ne fr each shift. Ths 27 cnstraints are needed t mdel ne NARF and 189 cnstraints t mdel the shps f all seven NARFs. Althgh the relatinships beteen the three capacity cnstraints fr each shp are smehat cmplex in natre, figre 3 illstrates their basic fnctins. The graph represents the ttal csts fr varis levels f rk assigned t a specific shp. Direct labr hrs f rk are measred alng the hrizntal axis. Indicated n the hrizntal axis are the shp's capacities fr a 1st shift peratin, 1st pls 2nd shift peratin and finally a fll three shift peratin. The cst crve changes its slpe nce the 1st shift capacity is reached t reflect the fact that additinal rk ld reqire a 2nd shift peratin at a higher hrly cst. This example assmes n secnd shift rk is cnsidered ntil the 1st shift capacity is exceeded. It is pssible t place mre cmplex lading schemes int the mdel if desired. Ths, ne might ish t begin a partial lading f the secnd shift befre the fll 1st shift capacity is reached. -24-

43 I -3? a 5 1st shift capacity 1st and 2nd shift capacity Direct labr hrs 1st, 2nd and 3rd shift capacity FIG. 3: TTAL SHP WRKLAD STS The mdel als takes int accnt differences in effectiveness beteen the varis shifts. Fr example, Stanfrd Research Institte (reference (e)) fnd that secnd and third shift peratins have ler effectiveness than first shift peratins. This relatinship is expressed in terms f an effectiveness factr. An effectiveness factr f 0.85 fr the secnd shift means that ne hr f rk dne n the secnd shift prdces the same amnt f tpt as cld be prdced in nly 0.85 hrs n the first shift. Finally, the shp capacities, csts and effectiveness factrs may be varied as desired t test the impact f sch variatins n the prdctin plan and ttal csts. Fr example, a plicy f restricting the se f 2nd and 3rd shift peratins cld be impsed by redcing the capacities sbmitted t the mdel. The reslting prdctin plans and their csts may then be cmpared t thse develped itht sch a restrictin. Manper Cnstraints The prpse f the manper cnstraints is t ensre rklad assignments that are cnsistent ith the distribtin f the rkfrce beteen all the rerk facilities and the nine shps ithin each rerk facility. The distinctin beteen the manper and shp capacity cnstraints is qite simple bt mst imprtant. A shp capacity f 1 millin manhrs per year means that p t that amnt f rk cld be spprted by the shp if sfficient labr ere prvided. If the labr crrently available in this shp is nly sfficient fr 0.5 millin manhrs f rk per year, then a rklad assignment hich called fr a cmplete lading f the shp ld necessitate a significant redistribtin f r -25-

44 increase t the rkfrce f the rerk facility. Ths, taken tgether, the shp capacity and manper cnstraints insre that the rerk facility has bth the physical capacity and the apprpriate amnt and distribtin f labr t perfrm the rk assigned. There are t basic appraches hich can be sed t cnstrain manper; bth are available in the mdel. The first cnstraint changes in the rkfrce t fall ithin limits specified by the planner. The secnd apprach alls fr larger shifts in the rkfrce, bt the csts f sch changes are inclded in the ttal cst fnctin hich is minimized. Ths, majr rkfrce changes ill be chsen nly if their additinal csts are arranted by greater cst savings fr the ttal Dept Maintenance Prgram. Manper cnstraints may be specified fr each shp ithin a NARF r jst fr each NARF. T simplify the presentatin, nly manper cnstraints n the ttal rkfrce f a NARF are discssed here. Cnsider the first methd f cnstraining manper. Sppse figre 4 represents the crrent manper sitatin fr a specific NARF. The pint M n the hrizntal axis represents the NARFs crrent manning level expressed in terms f the nmber f direct labr hrs f rk hich cld be perfrmed per year. Als shn are pper and ler limits ithin hich adjstments t the rkfrce ill be alled. Ths, nly rklad assignments hich imply a manning level ithin this allable range ld be cnsidered. NARF1 33 ft > Allable rklad I- I m, m m. Wrk frce/rklad Crrent rk frce FIG. 4: MANPWER NSTRAINT -26-

45 The flling is ne ay f specifying the pper and ler limits fr the allable range. Sppse the NARF in qestin has an accessin rate f 5 percent and a separatin rate f 1 percent. These rates are n a per year basis and presme nrmal adjstments t the rkfrce. The accessin rate reflects the NARF's ability t hire given the inherent prblems f its lcal labr market. Similarly, the separatin rate reflects vlntary layffs hich ccr nder nrmal, n-rif cnditins. The net increase in manper that the rerk facility cld accmplish is: net rate f increase = accessin rate - separatin rate = 5% - 1% = 4%. Similarly, the maximm decrease-in manper that cld be expected is: net rate f decrease = separatin rate This assmes n hiring is ndertaken and the fll decrease is accmplished thrgh vlntary attritin. Ths, if the crrent manning level is M, the allable range ld be frm.99m t 1.04M. The abve is a fairly cnservative apprach hich shld invlve nly minr csts t accmplish the rkfrce adjstments. f crse, the planner is nt restricted t the abve; the ler and pper bnds may be as tight r as lse as the specific analysis arrants. The secnd apprach des nt cnstrain manper t fall ithin specified limits, bt it incldes the hiring and lay-ff csts that mst be paid fr majr rkfrce adjstments. Figre 5 shs the hiring and lay-ff csts fr a NARF as a fnctin f its manning level. The crrent rkfrce is again given by M n the hrizntal axis. As ith the first apprach, as lng as adjstments are ithin the allable range, n adjstment csts are charged. The crve t the right f the allable range represents the ne time hiring csts that are incrred as the rkfrce expands. The slpe f this crve is the hiring cst per nit f labr added t the rkfrce. Similarly, die crve t the left f the allable range represents the ne time lay-ff cst incrred hen the rkfrce is cntracted. Again, the slpe f this crve is the cst per nit f labr invlntarily separated. Ths, if a particlar rklad assignment reqires the rkfrce t be expanded t M 1 then a ttal hiring cst f A ld be charged. Since the hiring and lay-ff csts can be significant, the mdel ill nly adjst the rkfrce if the benefits f sch an adjstment exceed its cst. The abve discssin has been in terms f manper cnstraints fr a single year. The mdel als alls fr the develpment f a fll five-year plan simltanesly. In this case the yearly manper cnstraints f a NARF are related in the flling fashin. If in year 1 the mdel increases the NARF's rkfrce, then the manper cnstraint fr year 2 is adjsted t reflect this change in the rkfrce. Similarly, any change in manper fr the secnd year is sed t adjst the manper cnstraint in year 3. This alls -27-

46 t/1 t > Hiring csts Dl c m. m m m, Wrk frce/rklad Crrent rk frce FIG. 5: MANPWER ADJUSTMENT STS the mdel t cnsider rkfrce adjstments and their csts ver the fll five-year perid. By sing this methd, the mdel avids prdctin plans hich reqire extreme flctatins in the rkfrce sch as 5000 men in year 1, 3000 in year 2 and 5000 in year 3. In smmary, several appraches t manper planning are available in the mdel. They ensre plans are cnsistent ith the rkfrce f the rerk facilities and eliminate prdctin plans hich ld have extreme effects n the size and distribtin f the rkfrce fr a given year and ver time. Prdctin Bnds The capacity and manper cnstraints restrict the rklads assigned t cnfrm t the aggregate capabilities f each rerk facility. f crse, it is impssible t captre in a single measre, sch as shp capacity, all f the particlar capabilities and limitatins f a specific shp. Clearly, each rerk reqirement r activity reqires specific skills, tls, eqipment and facilities, all f hich may nt be available in sfficient amnts t sstain a particlar assignment. ne apprach hich cld be sed t ensre that rklad assignments are flly cmpatible ith the rerk system is t mdel each skill, eqipment r facility available at every NARF and the qantities f these resrces reqired by each rerk activity. Unfrtnately, sch an apprach is s detail riented as t be self defeating, especially since many f these relatinships are difficlt t qantify, data is nt available, and the mdel ld becme t large and cmbersme. This is mre apprpriate fr detailed prdctin planning fr mnthly r qarterly perids at a specific rerk facility. When cncerned ith five-year plans at the aggregate level, an alternative apprach is necessary. -28-

47 Frtnately, there is a ay f captring this kind f detail in a straightfrard manner, namely, thrgh the se f prdctin bnds. Prdctin bnds are specified fr each rerk activity sch as a PAR in rder t frther cnstrain the specific assignment f each activity. Fr example, sppse 80 F-4J's are t be PAR'd ith Nrth Island and Cherry Pint as the nly alternative assignment pints. Witht any additinal restrictins, the mdel ld cnsider assigning frm 0 t 80 PAR's t Nrth Island ith the remaining ging t Cherry Pint. Nrth Island r Cherry Pint fr that matter may nt have the resrces t prdce all 80 PAR's. Ths, the mdel alls the planner t specify pper and ler limits, the prdctin bnds, n the assignments hich the mdel is t cnsider. Fr this example, these bnds might be: Prdctin Bnds Ler Upper Nrth Island Cherry Pint The mdel ld then cnsider the assignment f frm 45 t 55 PAR's t Nrth Island ith the remaining nmber assigned t Cherry Pint. A set f prdctin bnds are specified fr each dept maintenance activity being cnsidered fr each rerk facility. The prdctin bnds all fr cnsideratin f a ider range f assignments than pssible nder the crrent planning system. Crrently, the planner mst specify an exact rklad assignment sch as 50 t Nrth Island and 30 t Cherry Pint. The evalatin f a different rklad assignment necessitates a ne rn f the cmplete set f cmpter prgrams. Hever, all pssible cmbinatins f rklad assignments ithin the stated prdctin bnds ld be evalated ith jst ne rn f the mdel develped here. At the same time, the prdctin bnds all the planner t specify a range f rklad assignments hich are realistic. Ths, an pper bnd f 55 PAR's at Nrth Island may be de t insfficient facilities, eqipment r tls needed fr a greater level f prdctin. In additin, these cnstraints all fr gegraphical cnsideratins sch as assigning reqirements t NARFs clse t the Navy activities generating the reqirements. Again, the prdctin bnds may be made as tight r as lse as the specific circmstances arrant. ther Cnstraints The cmpter prgram sed t slve the ptimizatin prblem can prcess large prblems, in terms f the nmber f variables and cnstraints, ithin reasnable rn times. Ths, there are n practical restrictins n the nmber f ther cnstraints hich might be inclded t frther ensre that prdctin plans are realistic. Althgh n cnstraints ther than thse already discssed are crrently in the mdel, the flling illstrate the types f relatinships hich cld be cnsidered in the ftre. Every engine hich is repaired r verhaled nderges final testing in an engine test cell. These cells are blck hses cntaining varis testing devices; the cmplete cst f ne installatin can range frm $10 t $14 millin. In additin, each cell can nly be sed t test specific types f engines. Since these cells have limited capacity and the cst f btaining additinal capacity is high, it is imprtant that the engine rklad be assigned s as t cnfrm t the crrent test cell capacity f the rerk system. This may be accmplished simply thrgh the se f additinal cnstraints hich mdel the test cell capacity -29-

48 and the amnt f capacity reqired by each activity in the Engine Prgram. A clsely related tpic cncerns the engine repair prgram. The demand fr engine repairs is generated frm t srces. First, engines hich fail in the fleet and are beynd the maintenance capability f the rganizatinal and Intermediate Maintenance Activities are retrned t the dept fr repairs. This is the largest srce f engine repairs. A secnd srce is derived frm rk dne at the dept n aircraft. Fr example, dring the PAR prcess, an aircraft's engines are inspected ith the reslt that sme f these engines are identified as in need f repair. Ths, a specific PAR prgram may generate a demand fr ne engine repair n average fr every 20 PAR's perfrmed. This means that hen PAR's are shifted frm ne rerk facility t anther the PAR generated engine repairs ill als shift. This relatinship is crrently accnted fr by the Lng Range Planning Grp by adjsting the engine repair assignments each time the aircraft prgram assignments are changed. This same prcedre is sed in the mdel develped here. Hever, it is pssible t inclde these relatinships directly in the mdel, ths, eliminating the need fr manal adjstments. Additinal examples f ther cnstraints and extensins t the mdel hich might be cnsidered in ftre research are discssed in chapter IV. As emphasized abve, the inclsin f additinal cnstraints is easily accmplished. Hever, it is recmmended that experience ith the crrent mdel be gained befre these additinal cmplexities are added. Each additin reqires the acqisitin and maintenance f a data base. Ths, it is best that the benefits, in terms f imprvements t plans, be determined first befre sch extensins t the mdel are ndertaken. THE TTAL SYSTEM The mdel hich has been develped actally cnsists f the flling fr cmpter prgrams: Inpt Prgram Matrix Generatr Mathematical Prgramming System (MPSX360) Reprt Generatr The inpt prgram prvides the link beteen this system and the Lng Range Planning System crrently sed by NavAir. It creates a cmplete data file fr se by the mdel frm three data files crrently maintained by NavAir. The prpse f the matrix generatr is t strctre the cst fnctin and the several hndred cnstraints hich are sed t describe the rerk system. The heart f the system is a Mathematical Prgramming Package (MPSX360) hich slves the ptimizatin prblem hich has jst been described. Finally, the reprt generatr prdces smmary data cncerning the minimm cst plan. The flling are the majr reprts hich are available: Wrklad Assignment Reprt Prgram Cst Reprt -30-

49 DP Cst Reprt Wrklad Variance Reprt «Manper Variance Reprt Redced Cst Analyses Manper Mltiple Shift peratins Prdctin Bnds Shad Price Analyses Reqirements Shp Capacity Manper The first five reprts prvide the details f the minimm cst rklad assignment, the csts f the Dept Maintenance Prgram in varying levels f aggregatin, and the mltiple shift peratins and manper adjstments implied by the plan. The Redced Cst and Shad Price Analyses prvide infrmatin cnsidering the cst implicatins f varis types f changes t the prdctin plan that might be cnsidered. Ths, the planner can determine hat ill happen if changes are made t reqirements, shp capacities, manper, r the prdctin bnds. A discssin f these reprts is deferred t the next chapter and appendix C here their se is illstrated ith a case analysis fr FY SUMMARY It has been shn that the develpment f prdctin plans fr the Dept Maintenance Prgram can be accmplished by slving a cst minimizatin prblem sbject t a set f cnstraints. The ttal cst eqatin nt nly incldes thse csts directly attribtable t each rerk activity, bt als the csts f mltiple shift peratins and manper adjstments hich are implied by the aggregate rklad. Cnstraints are sed t ensre that reqirements are met and that the rklad assigned is ithin the capacity and manper limits f each facility ithin the rerk system (REVERSE BLANK)

50

51 CHAPTER III CASE ANALYSIS INTRDUCTIN This chapter presents the reslts f several case stdies hich ere cndcted t test the mdel and illstrate its ses. A prdctin plan and bdget fr FY-1974 are develped fr each case. The same data base is sed thrght t ensre meaningfl cmparisns are pssible. The first case is an actal prdctin plan and bdget prepared by NavAir's Lng Range Planning Grp in Janary 1972 dring a PM exercise. The mdel as sed t cst t Nav Air's plan by nt alling it t deviate frm this plan. This case as sed initially t validate the internal lgic f the mdel and t ensre cmpatibility ith Nav Air's cding system and data files. This case is sed here as a base case t hich the remaining cases are cmpared. The secnd and third cases all the mdel t deviate frm Nav Air's plan by sccessively greater amnts. BASIC DATA The data sed fr all the case stdies as the mst crrent data available as f Janary The majrity f the data as prvided by the Lng Range Planning Grp in the frm f three extensive data files: Master File Distribtin File Rate File The Master File cntains all the dept maintenance reqirements inclding the qantities desired, the NRM fr each, and the specific rklad assignments made by the Lng Range Planning Grp. The Distribtin File incldes the shp capacities fr all the NARFs and the distribtin factrs sed t allcate each rerk activity's rklad t the shps. Finally, the Rate File cntains the rates fr direct labr, direct material, prdctin verhead, and general and administrative verhead applicable t each rerk activity and each facility. Since these files are qite extensive, they are nt reprdced here, bt they are retained fr ftre reference at CNA. The data reqired t mdel mltiple shift peratins and manper adjstments as develped in cperatin ith the Lng Range Planning Grp, ther Nav Air ffices, and M. The data fr each f these is discssed bel. Mltiple Shift Incremental Csts The mdel has been designed t explicitly take int accnt the additinal r incre - mental csts hich are incrred if rk beynd the first shift is reqired. Table 10 prvides the average hrly pay differentials fr secnd shift, third shift, and vertime rk at the seven Naval Air Rerk Facilities. These differentials are the cst ver -33-

52 and abve the first shift hrly age that mst be paid. As an example, if the average hrly age ere $4.00 per hr at Alameda, then the hrly ages fr secnd shift, third shift and vertime ld be $4.23, $4.28 and $6.13, respectively. The secnd and third shift differentials are specific t each NARF. The same vertime differential is applied t all NARF's and is based n time and a half and an average hrly age f $4.26. NARF TABLE 10 AVERAGE HURLY PAY DIFFERENTIALS (Dllars) Secnd shift Third shift vertime Alameda Nrth Island Nrflk Pensacla Jacksnville Cherry Pint Qnset Pint Srce: M Manper Adjstments As discssed in chapter II, manper cnstraints may be sed fr each shp ithin a NARF r fr the ttal NARF. All three cases se ttal NARF cnstraints. In additin, the ptin is sed hich charges fr increases r decreases t manper beynd an allable range. The allable range ithin hich n manper adjstment csts are charged as specified as flls. The apprach sed is basically the same as described in chapter II and is cnsidered t be cnservative. Table 11 shs the acqisitin and separatin rates fr each NARF hich ccrred dring the frth qarter f FY The all NARF -34-

53 averages f a 5 percent acqisitin rate and a 1.4 percent separatin rate are applied t all the NARFs. It is assmed that these rates cld be accmplished in the ftre itht incrring extra nrmal csts. Therefre, the net rate f increase is the acqisitin rate less the separatin rate f 3.6 percent. Similarly, the net rate f decrease is the separatin rate f 1.4 percent. Ths, if the crrent manning level f a NARF is M then the allable range ld be frm.986m t 1.036M. Table 12 shs the actal direct labr rkfrce manning level fr each NARF as f Febrary The first clmn shs the direct labr rkfrce in terms f the nmber f men available. The secnd clmn shs the ttal direct labr hrs f rk per year hich cld be spprted ith the rkfrce. This presmes that 2000 prdctive hrs per year are spplied per man. This takes int accnt adjstments fr annal leave, hlidays and sick leave. Finally, the last t clmns are the ler and pper limits f the allable range. Again, n manper adjstmant csts are charged as lng as the rklad assigned t a NARF falls ithin its allable range. TABLE 11 ACQUISITIN RATE AND SEPARATIN RATES (Percent) Acqisitin rate Separatin rate Alameda Nrth Island Nrflk Pensacla Jacksnville Cherry Pint Qnset Pint All NARF average N cnsider the estimatin f the ne-time acqisitin and separatin csts. The ffice f Civilian Manper Management, NavAir-414, and NARF Pensacla prvided infrmatin n these csts. Separatin csts are a fnctin f the length f service, grade level, date f birth, and age fr the emplyees separated. M's Manper Planning Divisin spplied the infrmatin in table 12 as averages fr all persnnel at each NARF. Using these averages t cmpte severance pay entitlement in accrdance ith crrent DD directives fr an emplyee separated dring a redctin in frce (RIF), the csts in table 13 ere generated. These csts seemed very high hen cmpared t a $3, 500 cst -35-

54 per man generated by an M stdy dne several years ag. It as determined that average data fr a NARF is nt representative f the persnnel actally separated dring a RIF. Usally, persnnel ith less senirity and at ler grade levels are separated s that average data fr a NARF inflates severance csts. TABLE 12 DIRECT LABR WRKFRCE ACTUAL MANNING LEVELS AND ALLWABLE RANGE Alameda Nrth Island Nrflk Pensacla Jacksnville Cherry Pint Qnset Pint N Nmber M Ttal D.L. hrs (N x 2000) Ler bnd D.L. hrs (.986M) Upper bnd D.L. hrs (1.036M) 2,795 5,590,000 5,511,740 5,791,240 3,620 7,240,000 7,138,640 7,500,640 3,032 6,064,000 5,979,104 6,282,304 2,561 5,122,000 5,050,292 5,306,392 1,724 3,448,000 3,399,728 3,572,128 1,506 3,012,000 2,969,832 3,120,432 1,607 3,214,000 3,169,004 3,329,704 NARF TABLE 13 SEVERANCE PAY PER MAN BY NARF Ttal severance pay/man (Dllars) Alameda 7330 Cherry Pint 4116 Jacksnville 9923 Nrflk 8190 Pensacla 9103 Qnset Pint 7347 Nrth Island 6949 Average

55 NARF Pensacla had recently been thrgh a RIF and had cst data available. Using this data, an average cst t separate f $3,100 per man as calclated. This as mre cnsistent ith the M average f $3, 500. In lie f better estimates, the M figre f $3, 500 is sed fr all NARFs in the cases hich fll. Generatin f data pn hich t base an average hiring cst as almst ttally nnexistent. Pensacla estimated an average cst f $100 fr their Base Indstrial Relatins ffice hen hiring a man. This cst inclded sch fnctins as generating a certificate, intervieing f applicant, medical physical and prcessing f selectee t be placed n the rlls. Training csts ere nt inclded becase it as felt that trained persnnel are available t hire. The M stdy previsly mentined generated a hiring cst f 25 percent f the separatin csts. NavAir-414 cncrred in this estimate s that a hiring cst f $880 as selected fr the mdel. CASE I: THE BASE CASE The prdctin plan fr Case I is Rn N. K004 prepared by NavAir's Lng Range Planning Grp in Janary Immediately after this plan as develped, the cmpter prgrams and data base sed by this grp nderent cnsiderable mdificatin. The planning system is n cnfigred as described in chapter I f this reprt; the mdel develped here is cmpatible ith bth versins f the system. The changes hich tk place mainly all fr mre detailed classificatins f the majr rk prgrams, sbprgrams, cstmers, fnd srces, and shp categries. The planning system in either case cvers the entire Dept Maintenance Prgram; the difference is that ith the ne system a finer breakdn f the aggregate reslts is pssible. Ths, the ld system has 6 majr rk prgrams, 2 fnd srces and 7 shp categries hile the ne system has 10, 8, and 9, respectively. Since it as expected that the data base ld be in a state f flx dring this time, it as cnclded that it as best t se the K004 Plan. Ths, the aggregate reslts hich fll are nt as detailed as is pssible ith the mdel hen the ne data base is sed. Finally, becase f the abve changes, it is nt pssible t cmpare the K004 plan t plans crrently nder cnsideratin. In additin, since the planning fnctin is a dynamic prcess, the level and mix f reqirements, rklad assignments and the cst and engineering data have all changed since the K004 rn as made. What flls are the majr highlights f this base case. Ttal Prgram Csts Table 14 prvides a ttal cst smmary fr the case I prdctin plan fr FY The entire Dept Maintenance Prgram is cvered hich incldes all Navy Dept Maintenance hether perfrmed at the NARFs r at ther srces and the rk dne by the Navy fr nn-navy cstmers. The first six lines prvide the ttal cst fr each f the six majr rk prgrams. In ttal, these prgrams accnt fr $ millin. Flling this are adjstments fr mltiple shift peratins, cst/vlme relatinships, and manper changes. The ttal cst f the prgram is given n the last line and is $784.6 millin. Each f the adjstments ill be explained in the flling sectins. -37-

56 TABLE 14 TTAL PRGRAM ST SUMMARY CASE I (Dllars) Prgram: Ttal cst (All fnd srces) Aircraft 230,403,164 Missile 12,814,598 Engine 117,665,524 Cmpnent 189,006,874 ther 40,389,988 Special 190,216,289 Sb-ttal 780,496,437 Incremental secnd shift 238,156 Incremental third shift 27, 520 Pst third shift 104, 769 Sb-ttal 780,866,882 Cst/vlme adjstment -2,197,605 Sb-ttal 778,669,277 Increase t manning level 152, 258 Decrease t manning level 5, 813,342 Grand ttal 784, 634,

57 Table 15 prvides a ttal cst smmary fr that prtin f the Dept Maintenance Prgram hich has been assigned t the Navy's NARFs. It shld be remembered that this cvers all rk t be dne at the NARFs inclding rk fr nn-navy cstmers. The ttal cst f this effrt is $576.5 millin. Table 16 prvides a frther breakdn shing the ttal cst f the rk assigned t each f the NARFs. The NARFs are listed frm left t right in terms f decreasing expenditres. Finally, the ttal cst smmary fr the dept maintenance assigned t nn-navy rerk facilities is given in table 17. The cst f this effrt is $ millin. It shld be nted that fr this reprt n mltiple shift, cst/vlme, r manper adjstment csts are inclded. This is becase nly the Navy's rerk facilities are mdeled in terms f sch detail. Finally, adding the csts f tables 15 and 17 ill prvide the ttal csts fr the entire prgram given previsly in table 14. The varis cst reprts hich are prdced by the mdel cntain mre detail than shn here. Ths, the csts are als available by fnd srce. Fr the cases rn here, nly t fnd srces ere sed cnfrming t the ld planning system. The first fnd srce is peratins and Maintenance, Navy fnds, hile the secnd incldes all ther Navy and nn-navy fnd srces. A cmplete set f the reprts fr all three cases are cntained in appendix C. Mltiple Shift peratin As shn in the Ttal Prgram Cst Smmary, table 14, mltiple shift peratins are reqired fr Case I. The incremental csts fr the secnd and third shift rk are $238,156 and $27,520, respectively. It shld be nted that mre r less mltiple shift peratins might in fact be reqired hen a plan is actally implemented. Even hen a shp has a rklad far less than its ttal capacity, mltiple shift peratins can be beneficial. There are several gd reasns fr this. Fr example, hen an aircraft nderges PAR there are certain jbs hich reqire lng prcessing times fr cmpletin. By perfrming these jbs ver several shifts, the ttal time in prcess fr an aircraft can be redced. This releases the aircraft t the perating cmmands sner and the ttal benefits may far teigh the extra csts f the additinal shifts. The prpse f the mltiple shift cnstraints in the mdel is nt t predict exactly the extent t hich extra shifts ill be sed. Their fnctin is t highlight hen extensive mltiple shift peratins are implied and t gide the mdel in the directin f assignments hich tilize the less expensive first shift peratins. As discssed previsly, mre cmplex lading schemes chld be sed, if desired. There is ne final mltiple shift cst hich is identified as PST Third Shift. The prpse here is t accnt fr the fact that a plan may be s highly cnstrained hen sbmitted t the mdel, that the rk cannt be perfrmed even hen a fll three shift peratin is alled. Clearly, it is nt sggested that the shp can prvide the extra rk called fr. Rather, this device highlights the extreme verlad hich the mdel has been frced t accept. Fr csting prpses, the vertime rates given in table 10 are sed t charge fr this additinal rk. Hever, hen sch a sitatin ccrs, it is time fr a carefl analysis hich ld cnsider pssible increases t a shp's capacity, tilizatin f vertime, reallcatins f rklad fixed in the mdel by the planner, and/r the pssible farming t f rk. It shld be nted that Case I has this sitatin. ne shp at NARF Pensacla reqires mre rk than as pssible ithin three shifts. -39-

58 TABLE 15 TTAL ST SUMMARY ALL NARFS CASE I (Dllars) Prgram: Aircraft 195,302,497 Missile 11,326,939 Engine 107,587,793 Cmpnent 127,731,168 ther 35,404,020 Special 95,009,462 Sb-ttal 572,361,879 Incremental secnd shift 238,156 Incremental third shift 27, 520 Pst third shift 104,769 Sb-ttal 572,732,324 Cst/vlme adjstment -2,197,605 Sb-ttal 570,534,719 Increase t manning level 152,258 Decrease t manning level 5,813,342 Grand ttal 576,500,

59 4-» c t r^ r» t f t in in CSI r» ' 25 in c c c 00 «CD in a. «CN CD *~. ^ *. *. in s ^ «r ^ r-»" c" r-." " " r-" T g in" c" B> ö ID c t t 85 r-» CN r^ c *r m."". *". *~. t rs r«~ t-»~ " r~" i>»" r>." 1 l~-" ^-' c" 3 n a T~ +- 1 c Lf> r» «- CN ^p <J> <J> r>» CN in l>» ^r cn t cn r~ t t t" - r* *r «* t a> 00 in CN c_ in J t in 00 & i-sira CN s CN 8 r^ t «- r- 1»«T CD en a) ^c c" F? SP t ai -i < > CC < 5 "- J_ < J2 < W 2 Ü >. Q ^) a> <a T- T- r^ r» CD in 8 ) «- in c «3 CN CN in 00 '> «* *r <- % _ c cn \ <fr in i^ CN c tx>" " r-" " " T * 1 ^-' c" in" c" c» ) «- en ) * 3 00.* c -_ in t t CN ^ * cn y CD in" "«-" c" " 03 " 1 1 ' CD" 1 ^ i- «- t t t- 05 > c CN t a> r«. CD * CD *r in in t <- CN CN t 00 cn in c in _ ) c in r^ in in r» Ö " >" *» " «-" TT " in" r-" s Si R' 00 r>" ^ r»* in in «- t CN CN r^ t^ c ^ t * <* 5; f" t <fr T~ 0) IT) en I s «* cn CD 1 03 l *~ *~ r^ r~. r^ en r*. c t r>- r^ cn cn s 8 en 1^ in «- 00 *". 'R. in t^ - CD CN IT rs " in ^- *r in t in t CN T- «"" P* t CD CD in in r~ t*» in c r^ *t <3- CD a 00 z 'T in tt CD T)" T cn s (0 a SB 8 1 s SB gj CN in t r» 1^ t c t "* «- in in r~ in c 0) c in in t CN cn CD in s *r a> t «- t CD CN E en T- t CSI 1 n in (0 t t T- t m cn cn * ^ ) i < c in en c r»» r» t CD" 1 CD c «- ~ * r ^~ m *"" *"" *" T ~ in *t m T- ** P-- rv "3- CD 00 c cn en «* >* t CD r~- t^ 0} ^f en c *r CN «5 in in V) t" " en" " t" in CN r~" )»- en in t CN CN in s s X in en cn i * L in t c" r-» «- en * «i CN 1 f * ^r - CN z > ' * ^ c 1 s c Z S- E ) > "D > *^ c.5 3 E 8^ 11 (0 y ;= ^ T3 9iS t 'JE a IE 1 t L. a. t #3 c c p 10 I? *-> c a> ^ x: v S "2 -t-* E E - t ö CU 0) J *-< c?c>s 8. (A 3 c c c a. ä 8 a Q < i UJ UL -41-

60 TABLE 17 TTAL ST SUMMARY NN-NAVY REWRK FACILITIES CASE I (Dllars) Prgram: Aircraft 35,100,667 Missile 1,487,659 Engine 10,077,731 Cmpnent 61,275,706 ther 4,985,968 Special 95,206,827 Sb-ttal 208,134,558 Incremental secnd shift 0 Incremental third shift 0 Pst third shift 0 Sb-ttal 208,134,558 Cst/vlme adjstment 0 Sb-ttal 208,134,558 Increase t manning level 0 Decrease t manning level Grand ttal 208,134,

61 Manper Adjstment Csts The rklad plan f Case I reqires ne time manper adjstment csts f $5.97 millin as given in table 14. Table 16 hich smmarizes the reslts fr each NARF, shs that NARF Alameda reqired an increase in manning hile five ther NARFs reqired a decrease t their manning levels. The ttal hiring as apprximately 173 men at a ne time cst f $152, 258. The ttal layff fr the remaining NARFs as 1,660 men at a ne time cst f $5.81 millin. It shld be nted that the manper adjstments needed are actally greater than given abve. The reasn fr this is simply that the mdel presmes that adjstments ithin the allable range ill ccr thrgh nrmal persnnel adjstments at n extra cst. If the planner ishes t inclde these adjstments it is accmplished simply by making the allable range zer. Then csts are incrred immediately fr any deviatin frm the exact manning level f a facility. Cst/Vlme Adjstments The last cst n table 14 that reqires frther explanatin is fr cst/vlme adjstments. The rates fr direct labr, prdctin verhead, and general and administrative verhead are all based n a specific aggregate rklad in terms f direct labr hrs fr each facility. As the aggregate rklad varies, these rates can als vary. The crrent methd sed by NavAir and als sed here t accnt fr this is as flls. The rates pertaining t the expected aggregate rklad fr a NARF are sed initially. nce the plan is evalated, a cmparisn is made beteen the expected aggregate rklad and the aggregate rklad called fr in the plan. Csts are then adjsted t reflect the fact that the rates may differ fr the actal plan. Als, if desired, the mdel may be rern ith the ne rates t frther ensre that in ttal a different plan might nt be mre beneficial hen these rates are explicitly cnsidered. The cst/vlme adjstment fr Case I implied a redctin t ttal cst f $2.20 millin. In smmary, the majr highlights f Case I are as flls. The ttal cst f the plan as $784.6 millin. This plan reqired 1.53 millin hrs f mltiple shift peratins at an incremental cst f $370,445. Finally, manper adjstments reqired the hiring f 173 men at NARF Alameda at a ne time cst f $152, 258. All ther NARFs bt ne had frce redctins hich ttaled 1, 660 men at a ne time cst f $5.81 millin. Case I is cmpared in the next sectin t Cases II and III hich alled the mdel t vary frm NavAir's plan. CASES II AND III Cases II and III represent t rns f the mdel in hich it as alled t deviate frm Nav Air's plan, Case I. The prpse is t illstrate the ses f the mdel, and cmparisns are made t Case I. Hever, these rns are qite cnservative ses f the mdel since several significant restrictins ere placed n the deviatins alled. Ths, the cst savings are nt great, bt significant imprvements in the distribtin f the rklad d ccr. The restrictins placed n the mdel are discssed first. -43-

62 The first restrictin is that a large nmber f the rklad assignments are nt alled t vary at all frm the Case I plan. In terms f cst, nly $219 millin f rk, 28 percent f a ttal f $780.5 millin, as entered int the ptimizatin (Linear Prgramming) prtin f the mdel. f crse, all dept maintenance reqirements are the same as in Case I, s ttal csts can be cmpared meaningflly. The abve restrictin jst means that the mdel cld nt vary the rklad assignments fr 72 percent f the ttal Dept Maintenance Prgram. The prtin f the ttal prgram hich is fixed is called the Base Wrklad, hile the prtin addressed by the mdel is called the L.P. Wrklad. The rk inclded in the L.P. Wrklad entailed 16 rerk activities in the Aircraft Prgram, 50 in the Engine Prgram, 122 in the Cmpnent Prgram, 1 missile rerk, and n activities in the Special and ther Prgrams. All activities in the Aircraft Prgram ere PAR's except fr ne PAR cnversin. The activities in the Engine Prgram ere split abt evenly beteen verhals and fleet generated repairs. The secnd restrictin n the mdel as the extent t hich rklad assignments in the L.P. Wrklad ere alled t vary frm the Case I Plan. Cases II and III all a 5 percent and 10 percent variatin, respectively. Fr example, sppse 100 PAR's are called fr ith 50 each assigned t t NARFs in Case I. The percentage variatin is based n the ttal reqirement. Ths, fr the 10 percent rn, Case III, the rklad assignments fr each NARF cld vary frm 40 t 60 PAR's. Similarly, the 5 percent variatin f CASE II ld all assignments ranging beteen 45 and 55 PAR's fr each NARF. Finally, the rklad assignments fr rk dne at nn-navy rerk facilities ere als exclded frm the L.P. Wrklad. Ths, the mdel cld nly cnsider reallcatin f rk beteen the seven NARFs. Therefre, the ttal cst f the rk assigned t nn- Navy facilities, given in table 17, is fixed fr all cases. Prgram Cst Cmparisns The ttal prgram csts fr Cases I, II and III are given in table 18. These csts inclde all dept maintenance fr the Navy dne at the NARFs and ther rerk facilities, and the rk perfrmed by the Navy fr ther cstmers. Again, the dept maintenance reqirements are the same fr all three cases. The ttal prgram csts fr Cases II and III are $ millin and $ millin, respectively. When cmpared t the ttal cst fr Case I, $ millin, the savings in cst are $2.22 millin fr Case II and $4.21 millin fr Case III. The savings reslt frm several srces. This is a breakdn f the ttal savings by srce: Savings (Dllars) Case II Case III Based n 1st shift rates 1,779,045 3,462,352 Mltiple shift peratin 8,517-6,458 Manper adjstments 639, ,638 Cst/vlme adjstments -206, ,641 Ttal savings ver Case I 2,220,120 4, 213,

63 TABLE 18 TTAL PRGRAM ST SUMMARY CASES I, II AND III (Dllars) Prgram: Case I Case II Case HI Aircraft 230,403, ,280, ,158, 148 Missile 12,814,598 12,800,622 12,787,722 Engine 117,665, ,652, ,673,082 F/J 189,006, ,377, ,808,858 ther 40,389,988 40,389,988 40,389,988 Special 190,216, ,216, ,216,287 Sb-ttal 780,496, ,717, ,034,085 Incremental secnd shift 238, , ,798 Incremental third shift 27,520 27,520 27,520 Pst third shift 104, , , 585 Sb-ttal 780,866, ,079, ,410,988 Cst/vlme adjstment -2,197,605-1,991,034-1,998,964 Sb-ttal 778,669, ,088, ,412,024 Increase t manning level 152,258 57,441 0 Decrease t manning level 5,813,342 5,269,030 5,008,962 Grand ttal 784,634, ,414, ,420,

64 Cnsider the savings hich reslt fr Case II. The savings based n first shift rates, $1.78 millin, are de t a mre cst effective allcatin f the rk beteen the NARF's. This savings may be derived frm line 7 f table 18 hich represents the ttal csts f the six majr rk prgrams. The ttal cst n line 7 fr Case II is $ millin hile it is $ millin fr Case I. The difference is $1.78 millin. These savings ccrred becase the mdel takes int accnt differences in the NRM and the rates fr direct labr, direct material and verhead, and it assigns rk s as t minimize cst. The secnd srce f savings is de t a redctin in mltiple shift csts f $8,517. Here the mdel nt nly attempts t redce the reliance n mltiple shifts, bt als it takes int accnt differences in shift differentials beteen facilities. A third savings f $639,129 as de t less expensive changes in manper. Finally, an increase in cst f $0,207 millin ccrs in the cst/vlme adjstment. This change in the cst/vlme adjstment is de t changes in the aggregate rklad f each NARF. Althgh the cst savings are nt large, this is principally de t the limited extent t hich the mdel as alled t vary frm Case I. As mre alternatives are inclded in the L.P. Wrklad, additinal savings and an even mre balanced rklad shld reslt. It shld be clear, hever, that there is a limit t the savings accring frm reassignment f rk; if additinal redctins are necessary, eventally these can nly be achieved thrgh cts in dept maintenance reqirements. Table 19 prvides the csts f dept maintenance assigned t the seven NARFs fr all three cases. The differences beteen these ttal csts are identical t the savings jst discssed. This is becase n rk assigned t nn-navy facilities as alled t vary. Finally, tables 20 and 21 sh the cst f the rk assigned t each NARF fr Cases II and III, respectively. Again, the NARFs are listed frm left t right in terms f decreasing expenditres. It shld be nted that the ranking f the seven NARFs remains the same as fr Case I. Mltiple Shift Cmparisns The mdel prdces a Wrklad Variance Reprt fr each NARF hich shs the direct labr manhrs reqired fr the first, secnd and third shifts fr each shp in a NARF. The flling smmary statistics are extracted frm these reprts hich are cntained in appendix C. The ttal direct labr manhrs assigned t the secnd, third, and pst third shifts fr the three cases are as flls: Direct labr manhrs Case I Case II Case III Secnd shift 1,391,749 1,403,994 1,524,490 Third shift 86,000 86,000 86,000 Pst third shift ,948 48,631 Ttal 1,526,936 1,538,942 1,659,

65 TABLE 19 TTAL ST SUMMARY ALL NARFS (Dllars) Prgram: Case I Ttal cst - all fnd srces Case II Case III Aircraft 195,302, ,179, ,057,481 Missile 11,326,939 11,312,963 11,300,063 Engine 107,587, ,574, ,595,351 Cmpnent ther 127,731,168 35,404, ,102,030 35,404, ,533,152 35,404,020 Special 95,009,462 95,009,460 95,009,461 Sb-ttal 572,361, ,582, ,899,528 Incremental secnd shift 238, , ,798 Incremental third shift 27,520 27,520 27, 520 Pst third shift 104, , ,585 Sb-ttal 572,732, ,944, ,276,431 Cst/vlme adjstment -2,197,605-1,991,034-1,998,964 Sb-ttal 570,534, ,953, ,277, 467 Increase t manning level Decrease t manning level Grand ttal 152,258 5,813, ,500,319 57,441 5,269, ,280, ,008, ,286,

66 +* c tn^m L L r^ ^r (^ 5 I-. r- i- n r^ 00 t r~ 0. > 5»- t» «CN ^ T f «* * CN I " "? rr 9i «- r«. c CN ID CD CD c»>-'-'- CN CN CD I (fflimn 00 1 r^- T en T 3 cn r a c L CN Tt 00 in r L L r CN in * 0 CN ^- CN «3- L cn *r f <cr 0_ t «- CD * m r>» > CN L c cn c «r 00 <* CD CN 0» CN «- <3 r^ 00 < in" " ^r c", * ^- 1 " " """ """ *"" L in in L _a> «- L «- - «CD r^ in L0 L s in CD CN «'> ^- ) a a CD c ) (B ^ c N CN ^ 00 ) L CN *- L CD CD CD CD Jtt L L * 9 1 L cn CD L 00 0) r^ r>* r- 1»- «- CD CD LU _l CQ < I- UJ > cc < =5-00 < re fez "5 > Q m * " i <- -- 0)0 <- CN 0)0 0 * ^ J2 <* 00 L tf L CN r^- > CD 1^ L l>» ) L 5 f * 85 l <-* L r». ^ 1 ^ * T «- L f» in «- r-. T cn c «- P~ L ^fr ^ r «CN» ^r L0 0) r~ ^- CN CD CD 1 CD * W- T- r- l-v t>«00 c» Q r>» i>«. n m «_ *r rv c L0 t- CD 1 c Tt tt t- * «- L r- r^ ^ «- «- ^- L0 ** 00 CD 00 L ) cn c r^ ) i L «- cn c r- * T c r» L 2 rflflf ) t V ^» * ^" «CD C) 1 CD ) q> c c ^- r» 00 f» in * ( ^ 0) f f«cd L CD 00 CN L 00 in * r» 1 Tt CD «- " " «r>»" " E ) c r» r>» c c r^ r^ in in en (0 CN L L < c in cn r~ r>- CN CN " T- CN - 1 r r 1 T~ ~ < *"" *" T3 <-ffi(mt-«r- cn C 01 CN t rf r^ r ^r in L (0 T* «-^ Tt c» cn 00 r* CD t/1 c" " c" )" " CN CN" " «- ) L CD ^ 8 ^r Tt X» r* CN ) CN T "* * ^t 4-* Li 00 1*» 00 ^ 0) p> CD ai 0 TJ- t- CN z " " 1 *"" * * c c i 1 > cn ) c c 3 E i-s 'c 'c c c (0 +j T) ra CU >*- ra B) "5 "rä "> a. s * ' *-* Tl "t E c c K *-< "(5 3 *-> *3 *- a) a> - E E5 c a» ü»- S- K 13 "2 t < 2 LU U- c p E c «6 a -48-

67 *- c «4- in j r» in r- 0 r~ in 0 in '5 «4 05 in 4-0. r- in q cq «4-^ in in +- r* c" t" " " ) a in in $ in t- in r- 00 T C r s m l *". *". *. «4 * * in r» c" in"«-* " r>." 05 )' 1 ai T " ö 3» n 4- a c in 00 «- « ID in in 05 S in r» «* Q_ «4- J CD c c" " CD f- r>» i*» 05 r- in «^ a>.c r^ T- in CD in t~ T t «-" " «4-" " " " 1 " " * " in in in in 22 - ffl r» r-» g in 05 CD m «3- '> «4- _ S_ 03 CD CD. CD 05 CD M s c a>" " " " " P» v r-." 00' CD" P-" ) «- 5 5 r~ r J* c v rf _ in rr c_»* (0 in c 8' s 8 ' 8 8 > cc < «- «- ^ in 0 * CD 0 00 * 4- c ) in "4 P> 00 *-~ ««* 03 > > in in > in in CD " V." ^-" T-" <t~ 05" in" r-" c" CD" >~ r»" " s" 5! T «4- c in «- in «4- c T c _ * «4-_ 0 T ^ 0 üj _ in C» f"»" 14 " ) T «r». r>» rv 00 CNJ Ul -I < ri cc <««z ö < > Q ü ü m _i < i- 05 «- r» r» 00 in 0 ^ 0 c r» c «4- c in 1- in 05 in»^ _* c «-' * r» r» «- in»4 r* rv s 00 " " in" r» «4-" in" 00" 0 C5 r>." * S" 0' i3 c in c rv * CD «-, in r» 0 05 ) t 00 Z Tf"c" e* " «4"" TT CD' c" " a in" - t- 05 ) I E a in in r» * 00 «- S 8 rv 0 0 p>. * > > c «- m F «- ~ ««4"" ( >" 3" «4-" c"«-" p<- in m" a> c in 0 c_ in i c 8 in s "4 < c" m" r»" iv" r*>" p»" c c" 00" 00" «- l *~ *~ *" *",_ TJ c T- «- « s 0 4- in in *- «4- «4-00 CD 05 S 0» 00 \ C» in * in r«. in " «-" r>." 0" 0" " «" in" 01" «4-" c" a 00 * in c 05 1 s pv rv r» in i l *~. <"! 1 r 3" in 05 * ^ + b r»" r-." c" 05" «a-" CD CD CD tv «4- «- z T ~ * * *~ E 8"S 0 - S 1 c (0 E 0- *-> 0 c "s; *?.E a> 5 -S " -> -c *,5 c< f a *-> c "5 1 "5 > _0) 01 «~ E ) ^ ta *-> c 3 'c E c 2 8 c c 0) 0) E E in 1 0 i) i 01 2 '8 0 c _c tn L. 0 Ü5 0 c < i LU Li. Q- Ü 3j CD 0) "55 +-» T3 C 2-49-

68 The ttal manhrs fr mltiple shift peratins increased fr Cases II and III. The increase fr Case II is small, 12,007 hrs, hile the increase fr Case III is larger, 132,184 hrs. These increases ere all de t increased sage f secnd shift rk. The same amnt f third shift rk is reqired fr all three cases; this ccrs in ne shp at NARF Pensacla. N third shift rk is called fr at any ther NARF. Similarly, this same shp is heavily verladed in Case I s that an verfl f rk, pst third shift, is reqired. The mdel des redce the pst third shift reqirement in Cases II and III, bt the change is small de t the limitatins placed n the amnt f rk it as alled t reallcate. The flling are the incremental csts f the mltiple shift peratins fr the three cases: TTAL INCREMENTAL ST (Dllars) Case I Case II Case III Secnd shift Third shift Pst third shift $238,156 27, ,769 $230,148 27, ,260 $245,798 27, ,585 $370,445 $361,928 $376,903 The ttal csts decreased slightly fr Case II and increased slightly fr Case III. The changes in ttal cst are predminantly de t changes in the secnd shift rklad. The cst f third shift remains cnstant since n change in the rklad ccrred, hile the cst f pst third shift is redced slightly de t a redctin in its rklad. The increased tilizatin f the secnd shift fr Case III is principally de t the flling. Fr this case, the mdel as given mre flexibility in the reallcatin f rk beteen the NARF's. Ths, rk as reassigned t thse facilities having mre favrable NRMS and rates. Even thgh this reqired an increase in secnd shift rk at the acqiring facilities, the net effect as a decrease in the ttal cst f the prgram. Table 22 shs h the secnd shift rklad as distribted beteen the NARFs fr Cases I and III. The ttal secnd shift rklad and its allcatin t each shp ithin a NARF is given. A cmparisn f the ttal secnd shift rklad indicates that Case III reallcated rk frm NARF's Alameda and Nrth Island t NARF's Nrflk, Cherry Pint and Qnset Pint. NARF's Jacksnville and Pensacla had little change in their secnd shift rk. The abve reassignments f rk are nt nly de t mre favrable NRMS and rates at the acqiring facilities, bt they als reflect savings in manper adjstments since the mdel ptimizes all csts. As an example, Case I called fr hiring at NARF Alameda hile Case III did nt. It appears that the redctin in secnd shift rk at NARF Alameda avided the cst f hiring additinal persnnel. In additin, the increased rklad fr the acqiring facilities redced the extent t hich these facilities had t RIF persnnel. The abve reslts als hld in general fr Case II. Table 23 shs the secnd shift rklad fr each NARF fr Cases I and II. -50-

69 ,. a> ^ (0 r^ c5 Tf * P~ " CD 00 (0 ~~ r» t 1^ 0 G s c S s cö s r- CD CD * in f» CD «CN IT) 8 g» i c ~ in '5 0) 8 8 s 8 a (M t > c Q * rtfi r~ JZ 00 s 8 *" LU _l in < Q < -i *: = c D-S) 5 Z 3 a. - c = cyj «I LU 5 e Z f? UJ QJ > ~ c» 1 0 M 1 ' -> 1» «-_ s s 3 C s s in Q_ c *r 3 c a - 8 CD r»" c' in 5 8 "0 c r~ If) m <5 m Tt "~ in E 3 CN I' 8 s It. c s ^ 5 t z 1 «J = 1 Q 00 CD <~ Ö d "- / ** c / c *- 0) < c Z / c 0 a E 5 / 8 c - / T / E V) s 1 * 3 V c E r a c c L ) a U 2 c B a K 3 < LU < UJ 1-51-

70 00 1^ 00 T rv l 00 <" r» in r- en U CN (Q IA CD C N r a r^ 00 g 8 Q. 00 cr> 8 r- in ID t T ID r^ c «t^ *~ CN en UJ _J CD < <r _i * = E!I - c V) r I UJ <; W(fl S UJ ffi *-» <*> (N Lf) 0) c * * c" r~" c" Ö (0 r- 8 * CN > 00 <D in r- f» 00 f ^f 0) M r^.c 00 * ö CN s 5 CN " CN t > 0 VI 1 0. <= CN c s (D ID 0) s CN 8 c t 00 CN 1 <9t " CD CN 2 s "0 "0 c *~ ID c" 8 i2 ^- ^ l>> «a- s t s c' CN 0) C) ID t t ~~ D i s t <~. / * * cc / c tmj 0) < z 1 / c c a E 0) / E 1/ 2 / - / T en c 5 0) E c 0J 2 c I ü 15 t a C \- c 3 < LU < LU c 5-52-

71 Table 24 shs the percent tilizatin f the shps fr each NARF fr all three cases. The percent tilizatin is calclated by dividing the ttal rklad f a shp by its first shift capacity. Ths, a percent tilizatin f less than 100 percent means that less than a fll first shift is reqired. Similarly, a percent tilizatin greater than 100 percent means that mltiple shift peratins are reqired. A cmparisn f the percent tilizatin shs the same general reslts as discssed abve. The tilizatins fr NARF's Alameda and Nrth Island are redced de t a transfer f rk frm these facilities. Since this rk as principally reallcated t NARF's Nrflk, Cherry Pint and Qnset Pint, their tilizatins increase. Finally, the tilizatins at NARF's Jacksnville and Pensacla remain abt the same fr all three cases. Manper Adjstments The flling are the manper adjstments called fr in all three cases: Case I Case II Case III Men Cst Men Cst Men Cst Increase 173 $152, $57, Decrease 1,660 5,813,342 1,505 5,269,030 1,432 5,008,962 Case I called fr a hiring f 173 men at a ne time cst f $152,258 and the laying ff f 1, 660 men at a ne time cst f $5.81 millin. Even thgh the mdel as nt given mch flexibility in reassigning rk fr Cases II and III, it as able t redce manper adjstments significantly. Case II redced by 108 the need t hire and eliminated the need t hire in Case III. The nmber f persnnel t be separated in Cases II and III as redced by 155 and 228 men, respectively. This represented a savings in manper adjstment csts f $639,129 fr Case II and $956, 638 fr Case III. Table 25 shs the manper adjstments and csts by NARF fr all three cases. Case I reqired hiring at NARF Alameda and redctins in manper at five f the remaining NARFs. Cases II and III redced the need fr hiring manper at NARF Alameda and changed the manper redctins called fr at the remaining NARFs. Again, the next effect as a redctin in the ttal nmber f peple t be separated. Parametric Analysis As emphasized in chapter II, the mdel prvides an extensive amnt f infrmatin n the aggregate effects f changes in either the variables r cnstraints sed in a particlar rn. The parametric featre alls the evalatin f changes in: Reqirements Shp capacities Manning levels Prdctin bnds Cst and engineering data -53-

72 *t re in in r~ CN MM ^ CD F> in ~ ^ T re r- 0 * 1= CN in CD r» CN CD p in ^» re m 0-8 t *~ re ~ t CN r^ I» M ^ r~ in * 1». r^ * ^ re Si CN 5 c *~ "" *- - '5 a. re CN CN s re = t re CN 0) 0) CJ_ s s s CD 01 in CD r» r^ 0} 0> i^ in n en > c 8 S > re 0) M < re r- 1» 0) r^ in * 01 re in in ^1- Ul -, _J < z = - z! " H _- a> ' < a. ai 0 <2 1 < c 6 a. _ re 8 8 S c 8 p» s»" i^ *~ c _ c 1 trt ** z X i_ 0 8 re en ai V ^»» T 5 s 8 r- CN CD CN re CN s CN l CN J5 en j t = z CN CD in CD ~ r~ cö 00 CD * 8 en s 3 «p- «CN 01 re CN c I» r» (0 5 r-. CD s s 8 8 0) _ E- s c 8 T is <»r p«in r^ _ i^ CD CD 01 *~ "- / <c c 5 *rf < c c z / 1/ a E E E h a> 3 'C c 0 - g a t *-< 3 / c U m t 1 c 01 a c a < Ul < HI c W) 'C

73 TABLE 25 MANPWER ADJUSTMENTS CASES I, II, AND III ^^ (Men) ^s. Csts NARFS ^v^ Manper increases Manper decreases Case 1 Case II Case III Case I Case II Case III Alameda (173) (65) (0) (0) (0) (0) 152,258 57, Nrflk (0) (0) (0) (301) (208) (114) ,052, , ,322 Nrth Island (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (50) ,234 Qnset Pinc (0) (0) (0) (508) (482) (453) ,779,412 1,688,064 1,585,253 Jacksnville (0) (0) (0) (424) (448) (468) ,483,755 1,568,627 1,637,305 Cherry Pint (0) (0) (0) (91) (26) (0) ,215 92,013 0 Pensacla (0) (0) (0) (336) (341) (347) ,177,260 1,191,493 1,212,848 Ttal (173) (65) (0) (1,660) (1,505) (1,432) 152,258 57, ,813,342 5,269,030 5,008,

74 T facilitate the selectin f items fr parameterizatin, each rn f the mdel prdces t sets f reprts: Shad Price Reprts and Redced Cst Reprts. The Shad Price Reprts prvide estimates f the change t ttal csts hich ld reslt frm a nit change in each cnstraint sed in the mdel. Similarly, the Redced Cst Reprts prvide estimates f changes in ttal cst hich ld reslt frm a nit change in the vale f any variable as assigned in the mdel. These reprts can ths be sed t lcate either variables r cnstraints fr hich a change in their specificatin may be prmising. The flling is a simple example f h changes in reqirements can be analyzed. The shad price statistics fr three dept maintenance reqirements are: Crrent Change in cst reqirement per nit increase Reqirement 1 97 $69, 126 Reqirement ,273 Reqirement ,326 The first reqirement is a helicpter PAR hile the secnd and third are fr aircraft PAR's. The first clmn gives the ttal nmber reqired in the basic rn. The secnd clmn is an estimate f the change in ttal cst fr a ne nit increase in each reqirement. Ths, fr reqirement 1, $69,126 is estimated as the increase in ttal csts if the nmber reqired is changed frm 97 t 98. The flling are the changes hich ere analyzed ith the parametric featre f the mdel: Reqirement 1 Reqirement 2 Reqirement 3 n Rn 1. reqired Rn 2 n. reqired Ttal prgram cst (millins) $ $ $ $ Rn 3 n. reqired Rn 4 n. reqired The first reqirement as increased by increments f 4 nits, hile the secnd and third ere redced by increments f 1 and 2, respectively. Ths, ne reqirement as frced t increase hile the ther t ere frced t decrease. As shn by the ttal prgram csts, the net effect as a gradal increase in cst. The parametric featre represents a qick ay f evalating a variety f ptins hich may be nder cnsideratin. SUMMARY The mdel as sed t prdce prdctin plans and bdgets fr FY-1974 fr three cases. The first case as a plan develped in Janary 1972 by NavAir's Lng Range Planning Grp. Cases II and III alled a 5 and 10 percent variatin, respectively, frm Nav Air's basic plan. The prdctin plans fr Cases II and III reslted in ttal savings f $2.22 millin and $4.21 millin, respectively. These savings arse frm the assignment f rk t ler cst facilities, changes in the amnt and distribtin f mltiple shift peratins and redctins in the manper adjstments reqired

75 The mdel sed t perfrm these cases has been prgrammed fr se n an IBM 360/65 cmpter. The matrix generatr simltanesly set p the prblems fr all three cases ith a all-clck time f 7.7 mintes; The average all-clck time fr the linear prgramming package t slve each case as 9.24 mintes, 29 percent f this time as fr the cntrl prcessing nit. Given the small rn times reqired and the extensive amnt f infrmatin prvided, it is recmmended that the Navy se the mdel in cnjnctin ith its crrent lng range planning system (REVERSE BLANK)

76

77 CHAPTER IV NCLUSINS AND REMMENDATINS NCLUSINS It as cnclded early in the stdy that it as nt necessary t develp a cmpletely ne system fr lng range planning f the Dept Maintenance Prgram. The steps taken by NavAir ver the past five years t imprve its lng range planning capability have been mst sccessfl. NavAir's system n incldes a cmprehensive data base, an infrmatin system t maintain that base, and an extensive reprting capability. It as determined that the greatest benefits ld reslt frm the develpment f an analytical tl hich bilds pn the crrent system and extends the range and depth f qestins that can be addressed. The generatin and evalatin f alternative prdctin plans is n a time-cnsming prcess. It reqires a cmplete specificatin f the rklad assignments fr all reqirements in the Dept Maintenance Prgram. This mst be cmpleted befre smmary reprts can be prdced t evalate the csts and feasibility f the plan. This stdy has shn that this prcess is greatly simplified by imbedding the rklad assignment fnctin ithin a cst minimizatin prblem. There are three basic advantages t this apprach ver the crrent system. First, a mch larger nmber f rklad assignments are generated ithin the mdel; all pssible rklad assignments ithin the prdctin bnds specified by the planner are cnsidered. In additin, the plans are cnsistent ith the inherent cnstraints f the rerk system sch as shp and manper capacities. Secnd, each plan hich is feasible is evalated n the basis f cst and the least-cst plan is identified. It is tre that decisins cannt be made slely n the basis f qantifiable csts. A plan hich calls fr a significant rkfrce redctin may be cst effective, bt it may nt be best in terms f ther lng rn gals f the gvernment. Ths, a mre gradal transitin may be preferred t avid ptential impacts n a lcal ecnmy. Hever, these types f restrictins can be taken int accnt by varying the cnstraints sed t mdel the rerk system, and mst imprtant, the cst f cnfrming t these restrictins is identified. Finally, many f the assmptins and cnstraints inclded in the mdel are cntrllable, at least in the lng rn, by the decisin maker. The parametric capability f the mdel alls the planner t evalate many "hat if qestins sch as the cst and prdctin implicatins f changes in reqirements, shp capacities, manper, and the prdctin bnds. REMMENDATINS It is recmmended that NavAir adpt the prpsed mdel fr se in cnjnctin ith its crrent lng range planning system. It is expected that implementatin and se f the mdel ld be accmplished in the Dept Level Lng Range Planning and Prgramming Grp (AIR-414A2). This grp crrently perfrms the lng range planning fnctins fr hich the mdel has been designed. In additin, the mdel has been prgrammed t be cmpatible ith this grp's data base, cding system, and reprting needs. T additinal dcments have been prepared, a User's Manal (reference (b)), and a Prgrammer's Gide (reference (c)) t facilitate the implementatin f the system. 59-

78 Several sggestins fr ftre research are discssed in the next sectin. It is recmmended, hever, that experience ith the mdel, as it is crrently cnfigred, be gained first befre frther extensins are cnsidered. Since these extensins cld reqire ne data and prgramming it is best that they be cnsidered n an individal basis, taking int accnt the benefits t be derived in terms f imprved plans and better decisins. The mst prfitable extensins t make ill becme apparent nly after sing the mdel. Finally, a larger prprtin f the Dept Maintenance Prgram shld be inclded in the ptimizatin (Linear Prgramming) prtin f the mdel rather than in the base rklad. It is bvis that the mdel ill nt be able t find cheaper methds f perfrming the rk r a mre balanced rklad nless it is given alternatives t test. The inclsin f mre alternatives is nt a simple prblem; time and effrt mst be expended t develp these alternatives. This reqires a detailed nderstanding f hat each rerk activity entails and hat alternative facilities have the necessary expertise and resrces t accmplish the rk. This is, hever, an imprtant bjective hich nly the planners in dept maintenance can perfrm. Ths, a majr recmmendatin is that hen implemented, initial effrts shld fcs n the inclsin f mre rerk activities int the ptimizatin prtin f the mdel. There is a practical limit as t h far this prcess shld g, bt, it is felt this limit has nt yet been reached. These additins shld prdce even greater savings and mre prmising rklads than shn in the case analysis f chapter III. FUTURE RESEARCH As discssed in chapter II, the linear prgramming package sed in the mdel has the cmptatinal capability t accept many mre variables and cnstraints than are crrently inclded. Ths, ne emphasis f ftre research cld be an evalatin f specific types f facilities, eqipment, r skills hich if mdeled ld imprve the realism f the reslting prdctin plans. T examples have already been discssed, namely engine test cell capacities, and the relatinship beteen engine repairs and the rk dne nder the Aircraft Prgram. NavAir is crrently btaining data n these relatinships hich shld facilitate their incrpratin in the mdel. The flling is anther example rth cnsidering. When making rklad assignments, planners take int accnt the gegraphical distribtin f the demands fr each rerk activity. Ths, 40 percent f the PAR's fr a specific type/mdel/series aircraft may arise n the East Cast hile the remaining 60 percent ccr n the West Cast. By making rklad assignments cnfrm clsely t these percentage splits, planners are assred that transprtatin csts and t-f-service transit times are minimized. This can be accmplished in the mdel n thrgh the se f the prdctin bnds. Hever, it may be ptentially sefl t estimate the transprt csts fr the majr rerk activities in the prgram and inclde these directly in the mdel. This ld all an verall ptimizatin f prdctin csts, transprt csts and t-f-service csts. A final area fr ftre research is cncerned ith the cst/vlme relatinships sed t accnt fr changes in verhead csts. Clearly, sme verhead csts are fixed fr ide variatins in ttal tpt, hile thers vary ith tpt. A capability t adjst fr cst/vlme relatinships is inclded in the mdel, and it cnfrms t the basic apprach -60-

79 n sed. The accracy f sch an apprach f crse depends pn the accracy f the specific cst/vlme relatinships hich are spplied t the mdel. A sefl cntribtin ld reslt frm an intensified empirical investigatin f h csts vary ith tpt. Snd estimatin f these relatinships shld facilitate decisins cncerned ith the apprpriate nmber and size f the rerk facilities. REFERENCES (a) CN Ltr Ser 295P96, Stdy Directive fr Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy, Unclassified 13 May 1972 (b) Center fr Naval Analyses, RC-212, User's Gide t the NARF Wrklad Planning and Bdgeting Mdel, Unclassified Frthcming (c) Center fr Naval Analyses, RC-213, Prgrammer's Gide t the NARF Wrklad Planning and Bdgeting Mdel, Unclassified Frthcming (d) Hillier, Fredericks., and Lieberman, Gerald J., Intrdctin t peratins Research, Hlden-Day, Inc., San Francisc, 1967 (e) Stanfrd Research Institte Prject N. IU-1375 fr Department f the Navy, Brea f Aernatics, 31 May 1956 (f) SecDef Mem dated 21 Nv 1964; "Aernatical Dept Maintenance Cst Cmparisn Stdy - Beardsley Stdy," Unclassified 1965 \ -61- (REVERSE BLANK)

80 APPENDIX A STUDY DIRECTIVE

81 DEPARTMENT F THE NAVY FFICE F THE CHIEF F NAVAL PERATINS WASHINGTN, DC IN KFCI Y RFI I R T'l 0P9f>/]. j Ser 295P9f> 13 MAY 1972 Frm: Chief f Naval peratins T: Distribtin List Sbj: Stdy Directive fr Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy Rft (a) CN Itr ser 00502P96 f 29 Nv 1971} CN F\-72 Stdy Prgram (b) DN PIC ltr ser 00274PIC f 8 Dec 1971; Selected Analyses fr Title. Naval Aircraft Rerk Facility Stdy (NARFS). 2. Type. CN Stfly cndcted by CNA. 3. Backgrnd. Changes in the level, mix, and activity f naval aircraft frces affect rerk reqirements fr the Navy's Aircraft Rerk Facilities. Navy managers mst have the capability t analyze the impact f these changes in frces n the rerk system t insre that rerk reqirements are mei: in a timely and efficient manner. This stdy is inclded in the CN Stdy Prgram, reference (a) and cnfrms ith the selected analyses directed in reference (b). / i. bjective. a. The sldy bjective is t develp a mdel sitable fr incrpratin int the existing Aernatical Dept Lng Range Planning and Prgramming System. Given alternative frce levels, mixes, and flying hr prgrams, the mdel is t generate and prvide measres t evalate alternative rerk prdctin plans, giving de cnsideratin t their feasibility, elliciency, and cst. b. The mdel ill inclde, t the greatest extent pssible, all the aernatical dept maintenance prgrams, sch as aircraft, engine and cmpnent rerks and fleet and general spprt fnctins, hich are reqired t spprt, naval aircraft frces. The mdel is t accrately reflect the prdctin capability f all Naval Aircraft Rerk Facilities (NARF's), inclding explicit recgnitin f all majr cnstraints sch as capacity, manper, and bdget, as ell as the rganic/cmmercial mix. In additin, it ill have the capability, thrgh sensitivity analyses, l. evalate the impact f altering thse cnstraints hich are realistically cntrllable in the shrt r lng rn. c. It is expected that sch a mdel ill nt nly determine the impact l alternative frce levels n the rerk prgram, bt that it ill als be sefl in seeking mre efficient prdctin plans. A-l

82 r«x./iii Sr 29 r >l'% r >. Specific Gidance. a. The planning f,i rerk prgram is a seqential decisin prcess: (l) the level and mix l frces are chsen; (2) maintenance prcedres, freqency f PAR's, etc., are specified; and finally, the first t are sed id (3) develp an aggregate prdctin plan. The mdel is t emphasize the third stage in this decisin prcess. It shld have the flexibility t accept differing frce levels, mixes, and maintenance philsphies, inclding artime cnsideratin, and t evalate their impact. All f the present NARF's ill be cnsidered. b. In rder t prvide the decisin makers ith qantitative measres f the majr differences amng alternatives develped t spprt the mst effective and efficient ptins, it is imperative thatt (1) Assmptins necessary t strctre the analysis be clearly identified (Stdy Prject fficers' Handbk stiplates that assmptins shld be clearly stated in a separate paragraph at the beginning f the reprt. Frther, thse assmptins hich are applicable shld be restated at the beginning f each chapter, annex r appendix t the reprt). (2) Sensitivity checks and ncertainty analyses ill be cndcted lr assmptins. Whenever pssible the effect f relaxing the assmptins.shld be identified. Uncertainties as far as threat, technical, cst, and peratinal parameters shld be explred in reasnable ranges t identify the sensitivity f the stdy reslts t sch ncertainties. While a certain amnt f jdgment is reqired t identify key parameters, the range f ncertainty needs t be explred and addressed in the reprt. It is generally sefl t begin the analysis ith the best estimates available and t intrdce variatins, pessimistic n ler limits and ptimistic n pper limits t identify the effects f ncertainty n varis parameters. Special emphasis ill be placed n the realistic factrs identified in the Prject fficers* Handbk. ) Detailed design specificatins fr each mdl ill be cllected by the stdy prject fficer and ill be inclded in the permanent files f the stdy except that if the prject fficer determines that the design specificatins fr a given mdel are already inclded in a permanent PNAV file, the prject fficer may elect t inclde reference t that file instead f dplicating the mdel design specificatins in the permanent files fr this stdy. <>. Prpse. The primary prpse f this stdy is t prvide Navy managers ith the capability f relating spprt reqirements t aircraft frces. A-2

83 P'K./II. Sei >') r,l n )(, 7. Crdi natin. i. The stdy spnsr is the. Directr, Navy Prgram Planning (P-')), l>. Th Cg 01' and Depty Stdy Spnsr is the Depty Chid l Naval peratins (Air Warfare) (0P-0 r )). e. The Stdy Directr is Dr. Richmnd M. Llyd, CNA. (I. CDR Carl 0. Hasier, 0P-96-0SG, is designated the CN Pr j< i. fficer and is respnsible fr cmpliance ith crrent instrctins r, the CN Stdis and Analyses prgram and gidance. 0. An advisry cmmittee ill he established ith the Directr, Aviatin Prgram Divisin (0P- r >l), Chairman, and the flling memhnrj r their designated representatives! P's 90, 96, and CNA. I'A, P-PA, NAVMAT, and NAVA1RSYSC0M are invited t participate in advisry cmmittee prceed!ngs. 1. Th Advisry Cmmittee Chairman shall arrange sch meetings ''i th the Selected Analyses Advisry Bard as may be reqirel 1, the Chairman l that Bard. K. Repi l.i rig. a. Slmii t Stily Plan l Advisry Cmmittee by 17 May D nt delay stdy prngtss pending apprval f the Stdy Plan. b. Slmiil Mnthly Prgress Reprts t 0P-96 in accrdance ich crrent, i ristrnctins. c. Schedle l briclings: Urielings and reprts as specified in the stdy plan, tne - Presentatin f Reprt. d. Draft reprt delivered by 1 Jne final reprt deli. 1 >d 50 days afti cmpletin f revie f the draft reprt. Distribtin List: ()p - r>1 P-90 0P-96 President, CNA A-3., H. a Directr, Nav» Prgram Plannln

84 l"x,/l I' SIT.")'.l").' t:.»jiy I MI I'A l'-'i CIINAVMAT NAVAIKSYSM NAVAIKSYSCÜM t\\'\ (CAI'T Thatcher) A-4

85 APPENDIX B DEFINITINS SECTIN 1: SUB-PRGRAMS SECTIN 2: PRDUCTIN SHP CATEGRIES SECTIN 3: INPUT DATA AND SURCE

86 SECTIN 1 SUB-PRGRAMS The sb-prgrams listed bel depict the type f rerk activities perfrmed in the dept maintenance prgram. verhal verhal/cnversin crash damage verhal prgressive aircraft rerk (PAR) PAR/mdificatin PAR/cnversin PAR/repair F/S (AIR 414 cstdy) PAR Federal Aviatin Agency (FAA) inspectins prgressive maintenance (PM) mdernizatin mdificatin (MD) cnversin mdernizatin/cnversin Naval engineering spprt prgrams manfactring fr stres manfactring fr mdernizatin repair field team, Sth East Asia (SEA) aircraft & engine accessries and cmpnents rerk electrnic & cmmnicatins eqipment rerk frce spprt general spprt inspect and repair as necessary (IRAN) indirect NARF spprt reclamatin in lie f prcrement (RILP) special reimbrsement special systems spprt axiliary spprt ther maintenance spprt grnd spprt eqipment test eqipment calibratin eqipment mdificatin assigned technical assistance missile cmpnent repair missile cmpnent repair/mdificatin missile mtrs rdnance targets IRAN/REPAIR stricken aircraft reclamatin and dispsal prgram (SARDIP) activatin inactivatin strage B-l (REVERSE BLANK)

87

88 SECTIN 2 PRDUCTIN SHP CATEGRIES The flling are abbreviated descriptins f the majr activities perfrmed in the nine shp categries sed t mdel each NARF. NavAir has develped mre detailed shp capacities, shp manning levels and rklad distribtin factrs. These definitins and gidelines reslted frm DD Instrctin and ere sed t insre cnsistent reprting by each NARF. Airframes - Prdctin Ship Categry N. 1 Cvered areas assciated ith prcessing the airframe nder thse prgrams cmmnly identified as PDLM (Peridic Dept Level Maintenance), IRAN (Inspect and Repair as Necessary) maintenance, crash damage repair and/r verhal, mdernizatin, mdificatin, etc. The rk fnctins inclde stripping, disassembly, airframe repair, reassembly, refinishing and systems check. Engines - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 2 Cvered areas assciated ith prcessing jet, trb-jet, and reciprcating type aviatin engines (inclding gas trbine cmpressrs and axiliary per plant trbines) in terms f verhal, l time, cmplete repair, and majr inspectin. The rk fnctins inclde ncanning, disassembly, cleaning, metals examinatin, examinatin and evalatin, parts recnditining, sb-assembly, final assembly, preservatin and tests. Accessries and Cmpnents - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 3 Cvered areas assciated ith prcessing airframe and engine accessries sch as srfaces, hydralic cmpnents, electrical eqipment, pnematics eqipment, landing gear, fel accessries, prpellers, airbrne phtgraphic eqipment, instrments, etc. Electrnics, Cmmnicatins and Armament - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 4 Cvered areas assciated ith prcessing airbrne cmmnicatin, navigatin, airbrne data cmpters, fire cntrl, and bmbing system eqipment, etc., sed by the aircraft in carrying t its assigned missin. Armament - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 5 Cvered areas assciated ith prcessing eapns, gns and missiles sed by the aircraft in carrying t its assigned missin. Spprt Eqipment - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 6 Cvered areas assciated ith prcessing aviatin general and special spprt eqipment and aerspace grnd eqipment inclding calibratin and repair fnctins. B-3

89 Manfactre and Repair - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 7 Cvered areas hich are nt an integral part f ther categries previsly prescribed, and hich cntribte t aircraft repair peratins by sch rk fnctins as parts, cleaning; painting and plating; parachte, rdnance, phtgraphic, leather, and fabric repair; machine and metal repair and fabricatin, etc. Test and Calibratin - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 8 That space, either cvered r ncvered, hich is sed t test, trim r calibrate engines, electrnics cmmnicatins r armament systems. The eqipment can be either installed n the aircraft r n special test stands. General ramp area is nt inclded in the area. ther - Prdctin Shp Categry N. 9 That space sed t perfrm prdctive rk ther than cvered r ncvered areas inclded in Prdctin Shp Categries N. 1 thrgh N. 8 abve. Incldes ramp, aprn, aircraft strage sites, rk perfrmed aay frm facility by field teams, etc. B-4

90 SECTIN 3 INPUT DATA AND SURCE Listed bel are the majr inpts t the lng-range planning mdel and a brief descriptin f the data. The srce fr each f these inpts is als inclded. 1. U.S. Navy Aircraft Prgram-Resrces (Exhibit A-II f Cngressinal bdget sbmissin): Prjects distribtin f apprved frce levels hich define the nmber f perating aircraft by inventry stats inclding gains and lsses sch as ne prdctin, cnversin, damage and retirement by type, mdel and series. Srce: NP U.S. Navy Aircraft-Estimated Rerks (Exhibit A-VII f Cngressinal bdget sbmissin): prjects active and peratinal aircraft inventries and rerk qantities by type, mdel and series inclding the type f rerk t be perfrmed. Srce: NP Aircraft Prgram Data File (APDF): prjects the distribtin f apprved frce level aircraft amng sing activities by gegraphical lcatin alng ith their assciated flying hr prgram. Srce: NP peratinal Safety and Imprvement Prgram Listing: represents a list f prdct imprvements fr aircraft, air lanch eapns, engines, and accessries and cmpnents, Srce: NP Missin Essentiality Listing: designates by a percentage factr thse aircraft determined t be missin essential ithin a type, mdel, and series. Srce: NP Aircraft Engine Rerk Reqirements: reflects engine rerk qantities by type, mdel, and series necessary t spprt the prjected Naval Aviatin Flying Hr Prgram. Srce: NAIR-412 & 414, in cnsnance ith Flying Hr Prgram NP Weapns System Planning Directive: prvides verall prgram gidance fr a given eapns system. Srce: NAIR Dept Maintenance Interservice Spprt Agreements: determines crss service spprt reqirements. Srce: NAIR-414 and interested service. 9. Prdctin Perfrmance Reprts and Smmaries: prvides past and crrent emplyment, fiscal, and prdctin data. Srce: NARF's and NAIR NRM and Manhr Allcatin Data: prvided by prgram, sb-prgram, cstmer, fnd srce and activity. Srce: NAIR-414, rklad cnferences, NavAirREPS Pac & Lant 11. Navy Indstrial Fnd (NIF) A-11 Bdget Data: prjectin f NIF perating bdget fr each NARF based n prir, crrent and bdget year data. Srce: NARF's and NAIR-414 B-5

91 12. Cst Vlme Analysis Data: specifies general and administrative rates fr each activity nder varying rklads. Srce: NARFs and NAIR Facility Capacities: direct manhrs related t prdctin shp categry. Srce: NARFs and NAIR NRM Distribtin: specifies percent f direct manhrs allcated t each prdc' tin shp categry; measres facility tilizatin. Srce: NARFs, NAIR-414, NRS Pac and Lant B-6

92 APPENDIX C REPRTS FR THE CASE ANALYSIS SECTIN 1: DESCRIPTIN F REPRT FRMATS SECTIN 2: CASE I, LRPG ASSIGNMENTS SECTIN 3: CASE II, ±5% VARIATIN F ASSIGNMENTS SECTIN 4: CASE III, ±10% VARIATIN F ASSIGNMENTS

93 SECTIN 1 DESCRIPTIN F REPRT FRMATS This appendix cntains the reprts prdced fr each f the three (3) case stdies. The first case maintains the assignments f the Lng Range Planning Grp ith n variatin alled. The secnd and third cases all the assignments t vary 5 and 10 percent, respectively, frm the assignments made in the first.case. A sample f each f the five types f reprts cntained in sectins 2, 3, and 4 is inclded in this sectin ith a detailed explanatin f each captin anntated n the sample reprt. Wrklad Assignment - The assignment f rklad t each NARF r nn- Navy facility is shn pls a ttal hich is the ttal qantity f nits reqired t be rerked ithin a prgram fr each TEC, sb-prgram, and cstmer. Wrklad Variance Reprt - The rklad assigned by the LRPG, the L.P. assigned rklad, and a ttal in manhrs is shn alng ith shift rklad and capacity. A percent tilizatin fr each shp and a variance fr all shps ith a defined capacity is calclated. Prgram Cst Reprt - The ttal cst fr each prgram and fnd cde ithin a NARF is shn. Ttal csts are als shn fr the incremental secnd, third, and pst third shift rklad, the cst/vlme adjstment, and increases and decreases t the manning level. DP Cst Reprt - This reprt is the same as the Prgram Cst Reprt except it is brken t by NARF. DP Wrklad - Cst Smmary Reprt - The ttal manhrs and csts fr each NARF is smmed and listed. An index t the DP, PRGRAM, SUB-PRGRAM, and CUSTMER cdes sed in the three case stdies is prvided n page C-81. C-l

94 < H^Hitni-iinni, imn<fr~<? H H rf ij (N i-tih >H (N H H (J\ rl r-h EH < 05 < z Ü H Cfl < a g 05 3: W 05 EH < < Z) 5 X 05 s 2 04 c mvr-cri in (N x <; fh^ 73 -! *t J n<n«tf i-h (M i-h r-h tt5 fl rihin I "0 c 10 0, \ Cfl 10 M 0 fa p -a aj c tn H c en 10 r a 10 < 6 < 53 S B a, \ QQQQQQQQQQQQQfaQQ U W H f»rvcn<nnr]'in'tvdr-c, i<ri'sf^' r>jr\i->->vdvvßvcccccr>cti U En C-2

95 0) 1 H p p T3 rc J ra c C 0 P +J >i (0 Qi r H s 43 3 ra 0) J 0) 3 p T3 tj.c P rc tr rq y TJ >i C rh P C UH p a) «* CD r3 P P C 0 p MH t c p g rh U M H as n cn TJ (U P 0 ' fa H rh H >, CD U M H I) 3 0) rc ra U fl,q 0. H KSj C >i s E H -C P p < gg n tn 0) rq 0) 3 p H fa TJ C id rh 43 t W T3 (0 3 p <c CD " 3 t P 'D ra UH C d) CJ -a p (fi 0) r a) p rd TD a H 43 2 M S 2 0 (TJ c C rc 0) c 0) QJ rh > i c 0 CP p p SHTD 0 E > H T3 H c ra p H EH - CD TJ (0 TS W <D 0 ^-* 0 TD m fa p en en en C 0 a) W E Q rh (1) UH H Q Cn <T> <J> C CJ 10 r-h rc (Jl(T<I^ id a) rh ^ X E P a) 33 UH KlffiNN M cn p rc p p 0) J3 CD rtj **> en cn m e 2 P rh in 0 a -p rj P rh rh P rh H c s M? UH >1 CD 9 9 m 3= a H H p 0) p rq g X rh g rc 0) <D rq v P ES 43 rh 0 a TS P IS H T3 s ^1 >i id H C M r P 1 0) 10 ä p 43 ra rh rq a) ^3 r H - 0 r 3 < rq c H eg TS in p T3 Ü p > <a n (Tt (Tt en r» CD -a r0 T3 g fa c T3 H c CT> CTt CT> CTi, (T> (Ttfll Ul C H 0) H ra ra EH r rh T3 -a - ra MmMSN ^ rp UH 43 rh as «* 9 U 3 0) 3 Kl ff» H in td H P rh X rh TS ^ >, r-1 r-1 l> c a) U ^ P rm T3 r (5 rc 43 U CD a * P (0 Ä MH rh P P ra (0 P Q) rh H Q ^MM ra p 43 3 H rc C CJ c rh rh rq rc CJ e ra ID ißl "0 c C 0 X X 3 H * EH fa a, r^ r*- r- in?\ rc rh rh U) T3 p rg r Ö H r 5 rh a) id re m 0 a) T CJ rh TD P ts p rq c 3 3 T3 ra 4 C/J r* 1) P i-l 43 " ' 3 fa TJ E p H p UH rh rh TD UH CD 0 ^fr a n n UH X ra J 33 0 c (T»mrHrH00C0? H ra H c p 0 L0 H "S *j-encninc<j>i «I < i r- r- ^H TD a. rc ra rc p -H rh - rh UH H a 0) P rh c 3 X rh rc (0 CD «E X rh "9 X 3 rc P P TJ r- Cn Cn 0"> in cn cn r*i r- mir -p 0 rh MH p es ID i*- ID cn cn 0 Ü fa 01 p e UH H 3 0 ra 0 CD P r ^ F-tII riidid m ^- i> m m *3> c c P 3 PI H rö rc UH rq t D in en m ^j-r»- c (C P c rc 3 p UH H P 3 Q) «rh r^ l/l l/l CD * U 0) p rh c rc > C rc M n >1 H (H rc rö 3 n UH ra r«- G r en 4J rh rq P p s P -a P p m cn en 0 p UH. H K> rv *j.i. >.*» ID»D en en r^ in 4 P MH c UH TD E a UH a M P ^HfflMlifl r~ 14-1 T3 0 H 13 ra P H r r 3 < +J (0 M in *r M m «* m in n «a- r* en r-( r-t 0 CN a) ftrc ai C 0 s 2 < rh «H rt i-t in 10 rh c n rc ra ^ 0) rh 0) E >i P fa c 3 c H CP P P 13 rc X rc ra p <c CJ q Q K1N1(M/»H en en 0 3 fa H m ft! rh.. C EH J p EH H % CJ rh Z Q en r-t en *i»d Kl K1 H H t p rc rh m m 0 J CD Ü CD ra J i-lrlrlnwrl r*i rh 00 in T* rh in ID P rh K MH EH ra p 3 43 (0 ** rh Ü J(0K NMHin M H ^- M (1) ft! H <i < * rc EH a, Q a id (** f* rh IN -a 43 0 E Q P T3 r PI fa EH fa a 0 Q P W p 3 (N < (1) E: 0 < N fa H Q >»> E < 0 Q m «s J C * H B H H «2 «0 c -a 3 rh P p rc cn Q rh rh 33 ^-v < < P «(/) U. S a) 0) MH g P H < < r P EH H W >H H X a< s Xi H T3 rc H p fa s P C fa fa rl c 43 0 EH rc H UH (0 < a) B UH < fc J (0 P E UH rs ra n g p e 0 Q H fa > rh Kl CJ «* & r W 2= EH W J ididi/l tt i l U3 ft m fa Q ä N fa ^t ID in in m 52 m Tf en Ni en t en Q c Q 2 c^j ^a 3 Ö s in Kt in ^ in r» < rh PQ M 3 s *» r fa W fa Ü r*1 (N <M EH 1 S B fa EH H S fa \ 33 2 cn Q * * H fa W «. 5,3 rh rh 33 EH S * 5. < fe z 3fe c H X H hh EH fa < fa is a S I P H PC < fa EH M H H W fa fa s S < z; E-i CQ H rh EH Cfl cn fa fa > INC E + BA DAD SHI FRAME INE /C0MP C/ARM PRT TTL LANCE AIR ENG ACC ELE SUP MFG SUB VAR C-3

96 --. (0 H -P c CD UH TD z J * <J f 01 r- 01 (-1 ^r i7i r- r- C CD CD rh m H < cr» (Ni r~ c c m (N ^ p> <N in >^3 IT] rc M 1 r CP Q H in in j c* N r-< l^ p- IN in cn r- p LH P c Z b pr) «^ IT- C C* l CD r^- * Ifi r~ ;-\ cn *t n H H e i 10 r-l r- in i a c n N CD r-l 3 0- >1 T> -P p <N i c r» ^> rq a «*--* H CN rt r^ H Cf ffi CD 1 r- c 5^ CH rh rh r-1 r^ p- r^ T3 0 CD -i < CD g P W rc C rh 3 Z < r- «a* i 4-> It) rh t; r- r- H -P Cn 5? r» i r- 5» a in in cn >1 c > c t z i > >3" (N < *) rq CD H a r- r M m 0 rd g E c p m v0 r- I n a a r-l T3 CD H H th < CD -p t r^ rc < C H U CD Q CT"0 C a Cn CD <N v in m H c rc H C CD rc hi p rh Cl r-l l 10 rd CJ -P it) P P i ffl rt N ^ H CD 4-1 rc 10 r» <j> rfl <U rg rc H CJ a CN >* r» * C g? P rc p in 10 TD t J id P fö 0 Cn CD t (0 c IX) rh CD 0 H Ü T3 in c in i r~ r^ <q rh >i 0 Q s iß rn N r-l U r^ rh -p CD? (0 s i-i m r*> TT m 0 M a t CD P (*> 00 ID CÄ H <n <J» rh C-> en 0 r«ht) Zi c t m 10 v p» ä rh C C Cn Ü ih s - IU id r4 H rq -H 0 g 0 p P M P ^. -p _H h 0 -p t P H >a> c in «N TJ s S id CD (0 2 >-4 rd 3 rh 0 m tn CD C z < r- <*>*'* c r~ 0 p T3 t r t 3 (0 3 (N (N r-»0 in ID s m r*> "^ G cn n C 0 0 0" r-- <a* 0> 10 cn 10 in rc Q) (0 t CD 5* jg r r^ r P- rm +J rh rc U P IT) iß»# * r*i f/i -P g p en i is n en ID r-t 0> <* M IM 8 r-> m c EH p [2 g e Cn < C Q. c t H rh -p -3 H «<"> iß CD f C CD ca rö <-* cn cn H rin CV3 P rö a 9 <N in «^ ff\ <tf -p H 0 1«0 -p z r"» CN iß X rn M rj -P CJ -P P rh \ß in r c in M CD r W CN rh «# <J CN r-l J rj CD 0 TS H CD r-4 E n T 3 CD CD C 3 0 rc CN rc 0, c ra rc ra TJ plj > > T3 P 3 EH -P g rj -J ID -p IM id EH -p li4 M CD M a P X -H Ü Z C r» c iß H 3 ^ r-i rr, 31 cc rq rc l-l p Q g C? " N 17 if z z c 2 m M M En 0 CD J W z - r- r^ vr c r~ rsi m G\ z z T3 4-1 CU CD E CD 2 < c C" T- C r e 5 z z < s n - " n r» "? vs -* ii < M CD Cn 4J P g < ir. < C rh ca M 1 EH CP CD (0 D rh 2 z J r5 H s s -.^ rc r i t CD D l -. _- ^ < rj E- K < < < < e P < 3 En c X ^ ^ - - :- C CH ft! r +J 0 < J ^ < U c < < Z C -i 2 AM z < a a p r3 S5 rg W U V. K U H M M f- as «Z * P 0J H «C P Z c e 1-5 a a c a 3 # Q,c (0 Ä M M Z \ E-i C CD 3 z a 0. < x a tj ) CJ M Q g c Q rh r3 i a rh id CN <C fa Cn Ö CD CD P U p 9 9 B Ü B W < Pi EH 52 c < 0 a ^ m rh H U H C-4

97 Z < ip vd tf * rh r- c r» M m j-l * m T n g s m m in in r» CH * a> ^-i ID vd r< <* cn r cn r-j r >fl r-t c c p- rh r- v.0.-< ^ in Cn rh m cn en r in cn r r~ r^ i > 1 & * > rh r r-l r ^J r-l rh rh r-< I ij 3 en (N,-t \D l rh B cn > Q F-c rh in cn S Z * * H < n r- v ^-< ^ < g a,-t r <tf cn Q >H i KJ rl r~ r~ s l > vd E 0. c r rh a n tf r ÖB c i > C^ s in in n ^ c r-t p r» <t l 2S r-l r-i <* ^ z >1,n 13 I a, 8 gr? vfl * ^-t in i s g^ p ra Ei S!/) rh rc 4J in in <* in t in in r- cn»n in cn rh 1 ^i r- 4J in iß rh v *T t.-h CN cn r r- r- ft r* cn (1) U ai rh E -I 0 m rh iß X r M r iß I e r 2E < r r r EE J J gr- Q W H H s X K EH J H rh 52 r-i m in in W 5 g m rh r m EH r~ s Q * r- m CN in EH i t r z z s in IT T ^H z SJ r-< in r- - J rl r3 2 < «c 8 < < < in < 2 - Z^g g H - Kl Z (N IS in M M W D cn rh «r ^t a. z z g^ EH E S i A 3 J H a s 00 < J < a JE U J c «K EH BM cn EH m 'S J < < b < < cd M Z CS rh z z z EH E- H Q U tfl M W y M H H H CX 3 2 aj as K m c^ CQ c K M M Z \ s Cv, D z c 10 < EM c t U M D (9 EH < C-5

98 H «a, (N r» C* r-l g 5 c e-i 10 i K IM cc ifi c m & m in r- «J N en r-i r-l n m.d CD r-l in <* i» n r-l t CT. en m in in (3 ffl en r-l c v CJ t (N en 1 C* m h> *r r» r-t r-l in Ej < a 1 d z t a. IN 1 n r- <N CN r vd (N cn ix> in P«m r- r-l c c in <N r- r- C0 rh ^0 r^ r-l 5 m r» --I in in r^ in <* r-l n n r-l in t^ c r» * ID in r~ CN CN ' *t c 2 a < 2 W E-i z 0. i- r cc; < Z >i fl T3 aj T3 c 0) b a S X < 0) a en > U ^ J a en e i* ü U i-h r-\ ID (0 +J P 0 0 EH E-- c 2 EH U C-6

99 SECTIN 2 CASE I, LRPG ASSIGNMENTS

100 j ft, r-lrtihttmr-tinrrfntn^tl^^ EH.-I T* <tf fm i-h rh ih (N H H l H -i EH dl H W PS EH < 3 S3 S dddddddd fc. < B 2 a c p X DJ s 53 Ü H W t < c nvi^ < H ^t d d d d &< nfn^ r-( t>j ih i-l a ### H r i-l V f» ih 55 tf CirHin a -H -H S < I < 5 «K<<tfi:<<rt<fs:^<<<<<ca 01 \ QQQQQQQQQQQQQfaQ jrvdctvp'l^l'in^'vdr^cncyi^fr't CJ rmrmin">vdvvid00c0<x>c000c0>cti EH C-7

101 H LTl (M EH ' >! P- < r» &4 Z U S S z t X 3 S z H 3 i-h H H < IT) -H Ö CQ EH P.J 1 2 z 04 s. N. W S z i tn 8 5 S H H S 0. EH C-8 >

102 < 'tvdi-lttrvdvdttnniri^fmmrmrihin r-t{nt*i-ti-lihl-ti-( lh b <; D r» H 05 s < 05 a inr-tri a, cr> r~ rm Ü M < 0* '*00vv000H0> "f r-t?r> CD v^ in f-\ L> fn < rctit^vd'tf^r^i-l t"3 i-ivrhcn^j-r- i-l 8 i rgrihi^vd a H ihcn-l n n i-i z H ffi tnr-ir^fmi-itt 2 <N (N n i-h (N I z 8 D en M vdvd^mttr-r-r»inttr-fmih < nd(nvvd^r MI ri N ffi n i-i (Ni-i fn E-i <<<<<<<<<«:rt<cq<cq<<m<<cq<m< \ <<<<<<a-<<<a<<<t^a J caa.a<<<<040<< (0 W HHrlHHHrlHplHHHHHHrlHHHHHHrlrlH El C-9

103 E-i i-h^j(n(n(t>m(n'-(m^"h ntn rnmr-ivr\ic\ir» r-l C>4 r-l ih r-l r-l r>i hi < I* H c D < Q >H i c 2 s t < g &i v )idc0ininvßr~r-lc<ic0 XI < mcnm 1-3 "t ih (»I at i >r^mih(n m r-i v v * in rh z innhci^nldn^tnhiihd^a! (Nr-ivin ih I-II-H r-ir~rm rr-ir»n H a) a c H +J C 0 «' cd tnninmr a r-l r-l ij rttnfmvdffirmvdvd < INHHr^Hnrl m<:mrt:<<<cq<<<cq<<22<<<:rt:tri<pa<ca SB V s g 0 «c c CJ U H inminim^tfi/iihripineehrihhhri r-r-r-i^-r^r-ii-ir-ir-ir-ir-ii-irmfnfmcnrmrmfmrm rlhhrlhm(n(nln(n(nnpinntm(n(n(mr>)ntm(mm(m c-10

104 3 < i-(vvd^r-(^, iif>(tir^r~>!trminrtinfmf»i(nr-t>jrt, inr^innf H r-ir-ir-i I-I ih^enaitfir«finfmrttvnihrvd <NJ H ih r- a rh 3 8 d < ddddddddddd HI D s dddd < M D I 05 Z fmijr^inrj'ttrh a. i-hi-hrt-lrmv^h.h.-hi-hrh rh x......»i; rhsttr-rvdrhv<rinc(n l"3 CN <* rh H a< dddddhddrsidd a H 00(N^lr-lfHfHi-I K i-hrhrhrhrhrhihrhr^rhrhrh 2 rh rh i-h t H HinnNiHffl^cNfflHviflr^riminffi^ifHmi-i < rhrh rh Nr» rh ClHHNnNlHin s a; a- 01 \ frihehehe-ihe-ithehhthfr'e-'e-'friehe-ihe-'fr'hthehhe-ihfrihhh (0 rhr\jr^invr»r^ff>^ihc\jrrirfinix)r~cc^rhr>j<nf^tinr>' U rhrhrhrhrhrhrhhi-li-lrhrm U EH C-ll

105 J < r-ini-i^hct\vdr r (inihnih^tr0r-lr^i-lk0ctic0!ti^'(ncrivdvd SrH th rs rh-^i-lr-lttl/li-lin ^H (N r- D 2 c Ü D < 03 D fa s < a 05 H < <: 03 z 2 H W «a 05 D 1 03 a 0<N(N^H a, # # # ^HtNiHi-IrgiHI^rMmrMvD X < iriihrhr-l(nr\j t # «C ^IfNrHr-lf-InninaD.-I ih «H cn<nihnrmid'*'*^l, (Nt^iH^t CN «-H Z ih a 0) 3 C H -P H C H 03 -^ s z 2 8 D rhhnvdrmf-inihihnr^tntnrnrmcri Z ^ 3 rhnix)ihfnrinrmihvdrhint~-rhmcri < -t EH 03 D <<<<<m<m<<<<c<pq<<<<c<<<öö:<:cq<;3< \ t<t*hht<t<t<t(ht<eht<hht(hht<ht<tht<tht<thhhh U3 DJ E <nrmritt>ai'^^0'^cfi'-hfm' v if»i^,invü( v -CTi<, in^vdvl^r-0> C-12

106 ^ < r(nr-trhff\(t»<j'r^,vtj'^'rrr-4r-'tr-livdf r l(nfnf*lvdcti Ö rj IM N *(N rh^f^-ih ^j» «* ** r M * r^ fa a Ö s " ' * ' * * " " * ' * * * * ' ' " * * * * * * * ' ' * H t s 2 X 06 «en a C1rHn(Nt»irHi-lrH<N<N a M W < «# 0< tnijihinrgrncnihl^r-i * < ihrh B c ^-r-taiinthi-i^t^hfnfmtt fh r-t i-l fm i-t H (NCTii-iTti^i-iCTi<yiiD(N(N(NrH<N'j, (TiincNCT>r~in IHI-4 ih tncnihihtfi-l SS 3 P H C I * 05 r-ii-ir~cinrr- 2 H H H H i-l rg 5 ''''''''''''''''''''''' «t EH 04 \ HtifHhHE<hHttEHHHttt<HHEHHHE<tiHHHHEHtiHti cgr( r )^,^inirivi^i^d><-ii-if\i»t^,iriv<n< y >Tj, inc N -CTicr>0 VDvDvvvvvDvvvDvDvDl^r-r~r-i%-r»r~00C CDCD0DC^ H C-13

107 < r vd r» ^H «j3 r-i EH m I-H t-i <N.H EH r-lt^ni-iinvm>-i(nmrvitnvdr^fmihi-(r^qi^ r- v m <y> cr> f-i H in ri IN cn^^-tf U r- en H < D >i t X < (NrgvD">r-~in M t < 0< NMIHIIHHH l ih ^H.-t ihfm^hrhrhrh &4 vc\ir^mi >r^mrvi-icmin H rh rt H N i-i rijicinrhcniidhnin^riii/km ' n Hlfirlrl rhi-h i-i r-l H ID 3 c rh p C 0 5 h ^rsiminc^c^in^h''^r-irih Z <N r-h M ^-ir~i-ir^'*in^0rhn(n^f(nin^t < ^f n rg ID I EH < 2 a K 5 ««H ft \ HHHt<HHEHHt<hHt(titiHHt<hHHf<fht<HEHHt«inin^vDr^CD<-iTtinvvDr~ci-l(Nri'H.iriv^r~Qffi(T\r-icNrn Jl(MJ101013lHHrlHHrtHHHHrl(NINNN El] i-li-lr-irhi-lr-irhi-li-lr-ii-ir-lrhrhthi-ii-li-ii-l^lihi-i EH C-14

108 CN J < rl l IfH H M l-h rh ^ S EH 0 EM < D r* a\.-i jg i ih D Z X H «s s a >H g z HI < g -I in r^ n i-h a, ih <* CN X < rh <-l F3 < rh a H H rh rh z ^^ T3 a. 01 ^ i-f 3 z C -H +J c 0 S rh ih "*-' W < 8 b 0 < < a, m < rt < < z i \ S H H H H H H H y z s > -) c m ih ^ 3 8 r ^J- ^" tä- 5 «rh ih rh rh rh ih rh «a. H C-15

109 D «H a r> r- r. LI «a* r^> in r* cn CN CJ N r»- \0 v c en ^H C r-i 06-1 S a. H -1 < a >< 9 H E- Q fe f? en Ü NI > N cn ft» cn r» t >-i cn m en cn l) it>icri cn M < K» cn r^ a rh x a. cn cn in *-* r-i c U] *» cn cn "> c L s r-i r-i f*. *-, Hi < >. H H M U CJ X H "'S m cn r^ cn m Ti cn cn cn cn cn M^MBNH cn cn tn fh r-4 c K» en cn m c in rh rh n«d < H Q KIKIKI. 2 vjd U5 UD M i< :r 2 c D rh >, H 'f 03CDW WIN tt^hhtdcd ^cnenmcvn CN HH r» f*» N CD (N ^ CQ m c» cn r«i/i in '0 iv )0 encn "? H03 K> 1*9 id i U"t «* Kl ~i m^cdcd in en cn ^r-cc r-i r-i in m f~ Kl Kl r-i "> cn cn c K> r» ^ r in vd cn cn r» «3- HCD Ml *fl i/i ^ i/i ^ m in en ^ r-» en rh ** in r* fmttilrt cn i cn Ki t HHHINIH rh CN in ^ rh CN Kl rh U"l K> U3 r*. p^ rh l cn > Kl ( # S i is r- CD ffl <* K> rh in r»* cn cn «H ^ ID in in rj- I i ix> ^ i c in in ^r cn Ki cn 3> in U> cn rh 03 _ J a: z..iz^pz H3K UIM^CJ K- H Q Kn.nt<i <<mnjsi> C-16

110 H 2 Id M < 'S c er» en m r». mnffi C7» CT» <T» m *D er» r^ ** er» -H m er» er» p-* v CD rh l > l ) n rh H PH U> ~s er» er» er» r- C CX» er» er» C» tn (T» ff> h-t < x a tn i0 ff* r* M ^» i-t» -» er» er* r** < CD rh l > l <} cj rh rh rh l > Q iflcdcvinf CD 00 Kl rh ix) l ^ ^- rh rh i-t l ld ißr-.^r*mcdcd HHNff»<tJ» rh CD ^ CD *t Tf cncrtr^r-^t^r rh rh /» LA HHMff^t r-t CD ** CD m cn er» r- r- *r CD ih i >»H <N Kl r-t r-l U"> iß 10 m ** r» Kl Kl 1/1 er* tt r-* m *t m c r-i er» in m er* er» r» er» ex» i r-* in er» <H in *X> K* IH U1 ff» KUJJ H(MM«Kl r* r- rh CD ^ CD rh CT» rh U"l t ff*» M ff» i-l er» rn in ^ CD ^ M H «J CD ifl * C0 <t r- ID c in * Tj- in in ^- KI r- rh Kl ID i-t c er» er» K» er» *t Kl. : lg 8 HZUJ3IH3 «t < U 10 X 05 C-17

111 Ki * «a- ^ en *t *» cn r^ CD r*. en 3 i ffi CT> (T> ID, m cn en en en (T> Cn Cn 0> CTt Ifl 1^ ^^ MA innhnh<t ^t WlAHH rh (MH <H r* "K en en <r» cn 10 H M cn en en en cn U U en en en *» en in r- en *r r*» in x a. ifllnhwh'* «tf m rh --H»-I rh ^H r* "S Q «t CD'tWW HQ K1 a) 51 "ft 2 In U M < ipajtt axdi x a. UINNH^^ cn < *T (DNinHHH <-t r-i rh p- r- -H a «* WiniNN 0(DCTlHl/1l/llft cr^rrp^cdc L/1MCn <frr-»*-incdrhrh ^t rh rh Iß <D 1*1 ' r» ij> *f < «t <n H M in M * c r-. * ID r-* en -* M 00 * K> N") cn «* en r-. rr ID c i-* r-l rh >H ID m c cn r-t in *n c M H ^* m (v in «j m» c r* * cn c r- r- m n» in in * t r-l in *-"» *D m c ID cn in r- in rh K» in m in c ^ & p** m i cn m ** ID ^ cm mh ID «t in r* i-t Ki cn c c cn cn in rh *x> t in ID c c r* c rn r- en K» r- en * is cba M Z. CJ J " U < U < U3 t X C-18

112 t>3 M % GD 00 c H cr> v cn in ^- ^- l/l f K* I ~s C H <. I 0. <"S Q i t en U3 0"> i-h ^ «t U"» K) Kl Kl «T r- en rv rv» * * U3 n» W K> tä s r» 03 B rt *s C M «t X. s CD c^-tcn^cni ^ ^ Ul Kl K1MKI H Q 3 ^r U)*05^M NrlHfl* «> 9ClNH^<tt Sä ccmcncncnc BS C0Kltf>^*/>l/> * MMW ^ *fr a> en t. g3 Kl f Kl si f-l Cn K» Cn * Cn ff>.h K> ^ Kt y ID i-4 \ > Öl rh td H»H r- n* c en H en i ^- c cn#«c r» tn K> m en ^ in ^H»H f c 9010BXTIMJ1 * * t/1 -t, SI i*5^ C-19

113 es m * m ^ c CD ^ U t-0 CTiM/l^ (J>K) ll> th U M H 3 "1 Q < H H Q SS ^ 9 2e 05 Q Kl >. H H M U, M < I 0- M 5 -tmlfl l ^Min* i-4l r* as i vd *»r* " Q e: es e U> Q <v, EU M < X 0- "5 (D^NlD ld IÜ IT! ^ r4 Kß r» iß CTl iß "> r^ Kl < es sl c D H g H U. C J M < VCNlfl X C lq>d^in<thu)u) "3 r^ldcti^dinr^r*- K> K> rh «: INM <c CD *i.-icmi--eticr»crt es 1/lHNSH^M H3 Kl^J-f^KtrHKInK) 3: : rhcd^cnmn WJ r^vinnhtt Q.J rt < ^NMCD ^ 0*1 CD r-t f (v CP Cfi ÜVC 9 U"l rh f*» 0 r-< ""> ^ CD n* ^ r HiM i-t -H 00^ CP in r» ^ in CN H ^ Hi a en t ID m cn Kt a -? «3- ai «* r» in in 1/1 LnHKl CD *"> r- <H tn r-* H G H CNJ CD 00 2 U i s s tsi H lccn (D er» m > "> er»» in.-h i ^ I» I H C CN Kl i i/1 «HIN ca-iuihr^cmin KI r^r-kiccmtj-^j- HID m CN rh in HiD ö U 0 X J z Öl Ei H 5 K K H < 2 = ^p z P d x C-20

114 KD \X> «t * HMrlN» r- ^ KD K» m - D yq * r-t Ki «H r* * r* V i ) KI L ^*-^-» r- rh CD ^ K> t LT> <<f H ^y^ HWHNtV r*-^-»kain l^^ CT>C0CP<Cr< CNHM^MM - * <r» en *r «* ix> en r- a en <T» «H U> * "H KD r- CD r-* m rh CD VD L K> r*. ^ r- «-( Ki vß Kl en M en 00 rr *r en r- P* r* cr> en <r> «* c r» ex» c cn ^ <r> ^ LA c (n c U) MH*fcgH f U"t Cf> ^ 00 P- ID *H ri t-4 <n in >. CN 1 SH < c <pä!r WH KUUUbUIl an z CJ j p e. r C-21

115 H 01 Z 2 T* fsi ID r». ^ *r H i rj HU1NH cr> t-t r-1 «H *»H UJ «J a. B1- r* ^ 00 s% ge 22 2S 1 > en en H tnc^cd ^H t-h CTi CTt Cn U, CJ en en en H < H ipmv«x a. en >"") <N ** m Kl H tf <J(D iflm s.h.-1 * < r--i a E M CD ID LD I 2 t s K en ffi E M en en en U en en en S < r-t Kp en ID K» D-, en Ki ex ^ CD in K» 3 H^ VU3 irtm rh rh «T < C\l t N«tMB0D.-i in c en f N ^ -i M U3 ID <-t in in X N DHN r* i-t IN E l-h c M < (NvDlDf 9 x a. Ui r KHJ CD tfl Kl f a. rh ^ ^ in in Kl P- 5 ch f-t «* <* *H < H J ^ l ccc * rh.-t Cn^H N i^(d J l W f-l cni-rcncinencn rh *f a> ^- in ID v «H tn *n Q J Ä r-*- *r c r* r* KI en <t HU1HCDM in n» H cc en en <-i «H r*- r* c in N CJ id^ NHi K> r- B ID tr f en ID r- r- f ^ en *t f in (H CJ Kl i <H < * n a r i/i n ^ H in M z 't NN MK1 r. J r^ f (H I-- ft *0 U3 H i-h ID UD M Hd'HU) J en H N lacn H f^ H a!tf a> cd r-* m H H CD H ifl ID t in fl HNNXindr m r- r» en a> en c K> Kl ID ^ <* en in ^ Kl r-i r* «* U < U3 C-22

116 EH W < a J z <! en <N L 10 r> r- 00 '0 H r vd T r-l in r r- in r P s > r in (N U) (N ^0 rn N in 55 H 3 en <X>.-1 k vd f J ^0 IN en (N r-i r 10 ^-1 r r in r- CN U3 ^ r-h 0 LD 0>.-1 rh en N r l en r r^ r- v0 1 \D ID l-l r.-i r.-i -4 r-h r-t r-h g g <* rh r-* J. < 00 r-h M.-H t 6 VD r-< <Tl 0> 0 E-i (N t-h in 0> «2 * * H *C m r- ID 3 -I <C W D -> r tf en ^ Q a CD SS s p iß k0 < M> a r r r r J (N r hj r \0 r J^ g VD 0> S (N in in 1 r- c r r-t en r» <N "tf 10 ^H ^ s i-i -1 < p c. in fc. D r-l -i in ID in m >0 */ c in rt in CN in c en c VD in vd Cfi r i-t ID * c r- r r <* r- r- <* r- C-23

117 CN W z tt j z < en r» minr~r^ >, cr 0 0 0> M H r- 0 (N 0 m r-l 00 CD 0 0 Q.-H CD in r~ r-i in V tn t r~ r < 55 H (N vd in *t ^ m vd (N CN I. 1 (N -> 1 m P» ID l > 0 en L ', ^-1 r- in n r- 0 «H/ VD ^f in «t <X> <* <fr en 1 n H 0- r >H 0 J s < 0 en r-l H EH r ft r» r^ CN 0 H >* p m * in II 0 eg rh (0 r-l in s -1 P» CN.1 *. J ID en m in CN I IN Q 0 in r-l 3g r^ n s in P«10 in 10 en en rh 00 8 Q k-1. S3 < tn rt m iß r- V in 0 S r^ r^ CN m CN r-l in p> r-l r~ CN Q H CN CN in <tf -t CN CN i 55 CN Iß r-l r-l en p«cn r-l CN in m r-~ in in S ^ r >* vß "* CN in t m r-l r-l P» Q W. 3 Z en 0 CN ld ^ P- 00 r~ CN 00 * CN CN Q p» 0 rh s n P» t cn ex p> r- CN P- m en ID n J 1-5 J r-l CN H H M M S3 H Q K E H a J M J z 0 >* rj r- v ^ 0 en p«in m EH m 0 Ü s CN en r-l p» Q n z z Q ^f CN in ^, CN z 0 H rh < rn vß <tf r P» CN <- a, CN 2 Z 0 t m CN p> P» in P> ID 55 z < E 0 m 0 rr CN ij rj J rh 2 i CQ rn 1-1 < < < in ^ 1 g g 0 r3 H EH < 2 s J D J V < J <C W H 2EJ c H ij S a a EH t W (-< W < y < < z ex H z cx H z z z EH ^ EH 55 W Q 0 M M M rh EH 05 Z z a. 0 a 13 ta X m p a M M Z \ E a< D Ö z W K a Q a. ru 2 fa 0 t U t H Q C-24

118 rj Z < IT) <* 00 H «* r- «* ID CD CD (N H ^0 en 0> f <* * ID > r~r» P (N <tf en c fn s in in <Ti H CD 10 en m CN r~ ^ "*.-i 6 f-i E E ffl r-h 0> m 10 CN in 10 CD in CN (M en.-h <t in in 00 r~- r-h en <tf CN I r-h rh <* r-h n CN C1 m n T-* ph r-h 2 a, a 05 t J EH < I < in S r~ c < W H (N l-l r» M Q P e EH r» sd in CN ID CN CN 1-1 in in in D ** <r>.-h en c CN CN q. M CN in r» A rh en p 10 2 r~ en r» CN m g J m >-H r» r-<»j A g r-h (N r~ r-i S CD S CN W CT\ ID CN a c m >* r-t en E CN CN I * M i-h CD I s EH m D c rn.-( r- t r> en * 10 CD en en en r- p~ rn en CD CN in en in CN r> CN CN ^r rn r-h as m r-l * m en r- n CN 4 J s S s < H a a, J W H Si 05 H M W CJ H H H M h EC W H S!\ PH H h t P U C-25

119 J U J r~- z <."0 ^0 r> r» \D \D in in -, <N r^ c* H H IT, in c*l m r*l i 1 4 <tf r-i in i-l Q r-l ih r~ v > ^r CNI in 1- «* & H r~ ^D r» M H c in m &\ W in 10 f*l <j\ r~ fn r~ a. e t m r-l r-( i-l r-{ r-i r^ r f r*l 1*» r^ <N r» r» i r^ g? i-l n r f*l ^ fa a H < J «< W <C c LTl n Q JH H rn H in 3- m r~ g H ffi ^r n en r- p«pq m r- r-l E p in ID c q, 3 ^ H ^0 ID s r-l i r-< 1-1 r^ r-i r^ a* (N E J 0 I lj in in t-< r^ r-l c s fn in c tn Cd c r~ k0 03 I-l r- en I g in in EH 8 ü A a S. D (0 r> in r-l r-i r-> r~ r- [^ kd r» in r-> ID <* en r-l r-l vd r~ i-l r~ r-l M vd i-l CTl i-i n r-l r- in r a S :g r> I-l i0 f 10 rn r-i <* in 0> r-l >* v r- * p C-26

120 CN 11?i < els Sä ös Crtii-lr-tr-i-I^ 1 m --I at r< m tf CN CN in c t t i-h 00 Cfi ^i in r» CN en CN r» CN i-i v m m cr> f»»»1 CN i-l 0*1 Tf Tf CN v ci i-i m vd <N ** ^J- 0~i m <r i-t <n 1 ih 0~i i-l <N i-l ~" \C 10 l < * * 6 cn cn ^ in H rt * r- "i ffl vfl in c -< g c <n v r (N I E Q * 10 in m * cn c & * V < in CN 0^ in * in i i-i t*» i-i in c.-i c >* MN m n N rl rltf i-l r CN c c cn & CN in c CN CN a\ ft CXNi CN * -I r- in r in in -( r- i-i -I cr> in t> 00 in r> & in E * H r K > M 01 En H K f En H H E as -< r- in c c * CN in CN i-l CN M *r n M a J < < CN E-i ^ W in ci H CN r» 4 CN «C CN a a H H a a a a H U «00 U a \ < S W tjl, C6 «05 U U t c < < eg m cj D D a 00 H Q C-27

121 r» 2 J in r- ^H IN *t r^ ""' r~ M < - kd CTl r~ rh \D rh r» ^-i a EH <tf <? kd fn en in n in 2 d ^ r c ^f «* c «* a B H r-h rh en c in r-i * ^> 2 r- kß ^-t r i» rh vd r (T\ -t ^r c 1 r-h rh rh ^ <* vt e S H& «J, EH < 5 < <* *t -i EH r~ c en Q {H m B H rh rh en in r- PQ D ID <J\ t a g Q * in in s c p c z PH (N J B PC a, g EH c a* a S g <* en in \0 s rh i r- rh p» r~ \D g < CN 3 Cn 2 ä rh in rh 0> e'- c en rh N rh m %$ CA -A in DD in r» rh & s. 13 st P> ^f -t c g rh *r 0> A r-t ^ r-{ U3 0> S 00 ID -^ <* cn ^-1 B P«en p«j J J rh rh M M EH Q H X ffi EH t J a H LJ 2 W rh c W t^h in \D r~ EH CD r» r-a vd \D Q S 2 2 t Q r in v m S ^r H M < 2 ^f v cn rh CH in a CK t rh»x) ^-\ UD ^, H ^ g <c E rh r ^f ^-\ J r3 J ^-{ 13 <C <c < < rh g Jg S i g n H J 2 a W H rh D < 2 ^ < «r3 PC PC PC H a EH 10 EH g 1 M cc < H 2 a 2 EH ^ < «Q a H H H H H PC PC 2 a PH PC t Ü 3 m 10 CQ U D PC M M a \ EH C D D 2 2 «Q PH < s fa CJ H Q Ü B C-28

122 (N r-~ 0 CT> z J r-i 0 en 01 r r- v H 0 r-l PH M < * m in r-l CN l > *t (M CN \0 Q H 0> -i 0 in 03 in r» 0 in in (N r- IZJ Ö 0 01 * --1 ^r in r» t 0 0 ["» r- * H r-l in IN in r-i m CN 0 CN CN 0 r» r- B -t H iß f T r-l 10 <* CN r-l r r~ ID 01 r- ^r CN 1 01 r-l r f-i r-l p» t> c H PS H < 0 J < fe < CH er Q X s EH I s» rsi t» r* i r-l 0- H r r r- r-l r m r> t tn E g in * rh r-l r-l (N a, p * & J s Cn a. Q Q ÖS 01 r-t Cfl 01 s 1» (N r» r~ c 01 r-l 01 z r r- r «* r» i-l c CN r- * CN in ** i-t r-l t p 3* z -1 CN 01 0 >* r 0 10 r c m CN in 6 ^0 0 in k 01 Q ft r» r-l ^ r-h r-l m 2 r * CN in r «n CN c ^T r CN P ai in r~ t r-l (N r-l in Q, 3 z CN m 0 H in A 0 r-l M- U< in s in H r in iß CN 00 r-l a, J3 r> *" CN 1 EM CN J r-l fc M r r-l J J ^^ H H B Q W K C H J hj H J 13 CN <D Iß 0 * s 0 l CN ^ in IN H 0 Ü H 2 r-l CN in Ifi Q a 10 Z 13 W r~ ID r- r-l rh 2 0 r M H < 1 r in in CN r c r fe Ä U 0 r M 1 ^r >«r ^ 2 2 «in >* r-l rj r3 r3 CN < s 01 < in S 33 Ü g g g H Cd W CJ 2] H H Jj 2 s S J D J \ 4 J <C W H jb J a g a H s t E 2 J rj < z W 0 0 > K M 5 a H z z z H S. EH isis 0 M U M H 0 E-i ««SB a, 0 a U f-. ac U P3 W CQ p 0 «M M z \ E «a a* < PM D D Z hi 0 W H Q C-29

123 U 2 rj 00 *fr ^T 01 r- 01» cc N P H < 10 i r-~ in 10 r^ in rf r- p EH i i in in a) 01 rsl r-l in r^ vd c 00 2 M ^ 1/1 \0 01 iß cc r- ^ ID r> 01 Tt H rh CN V0 01 \D in r-l c rf 00 i0 r-l c r-l 10 r-l C 10 r-- i in T-f CN c ^ r-l ^r 01 1 r~ r- rl H r-l r» r^ r» cn I-H i * < r- *t 01 ES EH r-- e^ 00 r» r- i-t r- * Q H in in 01 rh -I E v <* r~ m r- c in g D c 10 r~ V0 c S r-l y0 r-l H < r-l < Q g a PUD KI c -< rh rh V0 * iß c n Q i-h 01 * JS p» r~ a- ^ r~ -* in i0 J Q, J *g in c in 01 r~ 2 jp ix) r-l s rh p s 01 ^f H <* c in E- T < 10 >0 r> CQ r-l >0 C rh s H W J t 2 <»0 ^f TT "* c 10 H r- vd in rf 01 H r- ^ en i 01 in P* r» ffl a <t ^t c; D iß ID 01 & 8 G e en r-l 01 t 0 rh in a B z 10 t-~ M rt en En 01 s in rf t W Q 01 rt r-l 10 X r < 0- vd in c CQ in e rl J "tf "* CN J r3 r-l 2 W H EE M > > e M r-l EC a 33 SB rj J s z <? 10 c ^ca & 2 r~ & Ei m CD s r-i >^ c c a t 2 2 "tf r-l en >0 5 c H H 1 i ^y i v I 5 S 13 2 rf 3 r- rf i rr <c < <C in ä ^ J J i r» i-i *y r~ CU < B V i-l P- J J J ^t H i i EH H 5 3 Z r J I? W s EH EH < ^ S J D J EH 1 < r3 < 2 E J 2 a «H H EH 2 3 J a H g e < CJ ü < < z c2 a M 2 2 Z H ^ EH W W Q H U H H H EH 2 as z z B; m D b ra H n m < -3 K M H 2 \ C D D 2 W K s a< < S H b i H Q C5 C-30

124 CN r» en r-( EH «CU W 2 e k a\ c P» r» rh 00 m r> LD 00 r~ 00 ~t W LD.H in <* in r- r rh H IX) in»t CN a\ ** r- W ID CN iß r~ i L c* 0> n in tf> cr. rh V 00 n rh r en ^0 >* r^ i-4 rh m f < Q s rh 1*1 (N c rh CN in D VD CN CTi s> in r- in 5 CN in r^ i i m i 7 "" P- r^ 00 rh kd r~ 2 m p» r-l in in r«d rt r-l r n r-l in r~ n t> k in r- (N CN T * n Q 3 < K a. i s G-31 (REVERSE BLANK)

125 SECTIN 3 CASE II, ±5% VARIATIN F ASSIGNMENTS

126 4 < H H^i'i-l^frCli-HinClmfM^J'r^CT* rh ^> ^ rl H ih rl H l rl r» CTi H * r-l fe h < 2 < < Q X D a X 0S K Z H < i incntn C_> <M V S 2.-HTJ i ri-i rh rh rh H VDnrH^lDiH 2 i-i v r» *H i mrhin M H H 03 5 M S3 2 g 8 i \ QQQQQQQQDQQQfeQQ rmc*>vdc\tnci'*in<tvi^cdcj»ctiti'*t (MiDinvDvvCvaCDCDCDCTiCTi a H C-32

127 < in J r» en -> 1 't ^ ^ fc, < H < 3 Q >H X z Ü H as ft ft s ft H M t a; * W 3 n -H Ö. EH p J I \ \ W ft s W fc z (X Ü (N g g ft ft H CD rh C-33

128 K 'fidh^nidtf^mwmiflffl'tninnnhinhinrii»!^ E-t CDkD'trffviHCDC^rinn r~- r-i r» «fr c Hn^N(NnH<jiMM(j\ ch (N ^ ih ih H I-HIH rh(nfh(n S fa < D t S EH < 3 S3 8 Pi I z < «1 Z rhr- c c m (fa mcpivdmin ^ rl Cl fll Ifl rl M s < CTirr^r^inD 5 i-h in i-i m in v - fa tm^tr(ticcriinin<j>^'0 <-H r r «fr in in r^<tir-hv0^0**<ncri<t* r cri m i-i VD in CNr-TjnrJ 25 en c> c rh t J rh^hcin«ttta>«*inmp-tti <C Tfr 01 "!} 01 V >-l *t <H ih e D <<<<<<<<<<<:aa<cq<<cq<<<ca<:cq<cn<< d 53 2 g 8 E DJ «fa vr^cdc^rh^^rhmnnmcvdccjanrprininininidi U ^i, rj, T}'^), inmivdivdvdvdvvdvid>x)vd>x)t~~r-r~r^r~r^t^r-r»r~c~- W r-lihr-lihi-l^lfhhihr-tr-li-lr-li-lihihi-lihihi-li-li-l^lrhrhihi-lt-li-lih H C-34

129 < ifllnrln<th ntn einrr-lvd<ntr-t r-t ih eg S H -H E fc < Ö cd H < 3 S3 d a X a s t Z < a c^cd(^l^nr»r^^g'^ i-hihtn(nr-lrrhn < PJ * c cn H ^^HNin^innBiinN XI a> c H M 4J H C infr^mn Z r- ^. H J ^t(ni-ir^'*ihni-4(ß EH D <<m<<<m<c<2z<<<<pq<cq<pq z 8 05 \ ciaicajcaiai<cri:<a<<i;<cqqca ) W<(^lflWHH(Nn00e0ffi-IHi-IHHH CJ Hr(r(HrtHr(NINN(MNN(NIN W (NN(M(M(NN(NIN(N(NM!N(Nrgrg(M(M(MNfM EH C-35

130 J < i-ivid^tr-iih>inr^t^tt<nir(ttin(nirr>jr~fn«tirir^ma* N rh rh g d fa «a: fa s ddddddd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d m D 8 X 05 fa s gcn(nr-(in^ttjrhn^h H... fa ^rnv^vvrhcn^rv tm i J< mfn^^nr^cr»^ 5 (N r i-l >... fa «*«t t # * M CNiHrHtNiHr K i-tcn(n(ni-4r0^t0>rmi*nr»tmv0 Z Ct rh.h JN ih J -iin<nr-4cdrhr~^'t s -(i»vdr^dntmihr»ctinrvdcnctiih<n «a; r-ii-i ih CN(NV ih H rini<iininr(in l-l z 8 fa rinpn^inv^mdmihnrittirn^mhnnn^in t) rhi I t I I li If-trHi IHrv (NfMNN(N(M fa E-i C-36

131 J < ni-ini-ir-ict>ißninr-ini-iti<rthr-rhvd>a5<yitt(n<tivkdn S.-I rh rh**i--li-(«*lf>i-lin H fm H 2 fa < c * -I fa H cm S ES 2 p e: fa t 2 fmtmih fa M < fa JNnrHfNnrr^fMvfNfN < ^rhi-lihihih 8 0«00(N<NiHr-li-IfHinnr a»» H rh(nrmm<nri(ntrr^rrrm (N r~ r-l v z -* 73 0) a c H H -P H C a. <NiHr>jft > -tvjr-i^j, ihr-i^tct\fnnnttr~-t-i Z HH N!3 ihninrh(nn'*(nrhv^httin^hrh^-i < -I ph ^ fa b fa 8 cä & fa EH r^(t>cnirttinirivdt > -CTif-4(Nrf*i^'irivr^CT<rf,r l^,vd*r~r N 'CT<CN C-37

132 < 0(D<NtHiH^^**d^iüTt*frrr>irHr^«tf<-imkr r >rmjr r )^<T<< T >if^i-l H (N (\l (N ** <N rh^^ih «J-Tj-J *fr fl IN nhin fn r-t EH W H fr. S b «c s fri cd c E> I S 1 U H < I 2; rrhcnnh 0* <* i-<i-i(n i Ttr~i-tinrM<N(NrHn^i-Hnr~r- CN x.... *S rh *5 i inthrhr--(ni-im)ihr^f»i^tcm ih i-l N ih i-l H ld^^n^d^e^^n(m(nrl(^lm^5lmi^ ln^ln^c^)^ rl N H rh (N <N ih <eji r-l (N i-l f^ H H H frl ai c l-l 4J C t~-ifmt-linni-10<ti 55 i-l ih i-l ih r-l (N 9 <cq<ceqrt;pqcq<m<ri:<cq<<mö:<fl:<<<<<<ia:p3<<ca<pa * 55 es 5 s 0Ü b \ t<hentitihhhe<ehhthtifhe<f<hhhhfht<t<hhhhehe<hhh (nc^,'tiniflidr^r»cäi-ii-inrt<j, iain(, ittini v c(^iininidid U vdvdvdvdüjvdvdv^dv^di^r^r^r^t^-r^r^cdctictictifficti frl E-i C-38

133 J < i^rhrhr^rihinvdinrh(nrninr>jvr^(n>hrhr(^cr--r-tvdinii)<-itvic EH fh r~ vdnct\0^i-h H in -( r^t^t't rhih ^" EH 2 ddd fn fa < 0} D -I W fa 0Ü < t> a X s 2 H W 3 s 2; tninint^inrhincd^fr-i fa <T> H H ih #» 04 t^^-rhi-i^ti-iv >< < fa a nnvr^cdr^inmfninr H H i-h i-h i-h CN H >Mr--ninin>-iTa'nnrinrMi-(fMCTi i-l rl H (N (N i-l (1) 3 C A H -P H C «fa 05 cnvßt^^r^vßi-ir-cninr-iinr-i 3 chn<-l^t000^inrhf0«nrhn<ni-lrh «s; ^t n rh in \ 2 8 as B; fa fa \ EHEHE-'EHEHEHEHEHE-IHEHEHE-IE-IEHEHEHHE-<EHEHEHE-'EHEHEHEHEHEHEHH 10 MDrl^iniiMDHNn^inHJiMIIffKJiHNi'lHnnrlN^ U 0MJlrlHHHHHHHHHHININN(NINni»in*^4 fa f-lrhr-ti-lrhi-lrhrhihihr-lrhihi-li-lr-hr-li-lihrhrhr-lih^hr-lihhi-ll-h EH C-39

134 i g l Ü m <Ti (Ti P^ en en en tti tn i ff>» m m IA H r< as *n (TV en U"» CD K r en en en r-- en en en en en en en r r> MUNH en c~> m H H c f en en m c iß. 2 3 J 0(N fsin CTt ^ r 1 rh CD «t en en in c > >.-t H r* r*- r^^fncnr^rhrh incdrhcn'tr*r»>r*-.-t.-t mm I-. ^ Cnri rh ID U"t l Kl <H Kt> K KD m i in KI ID c JKistt WN inai i/iiniki ^ in CD rh en *» r* r^ rh H in \D r*» en p- cn Q ldraiflfl TJ- in ^- ** r- r* *x> tt c r c r* in ID in H in in *t *S> K).-t Kl r- c ;n ^- KI H I-ICN m * - en en ih *t *r idlfl^ IDllß *n en ^r in c in in in^j-cnfencm <D en m ninin ^ mr- H c f s a. MS 2 < is a H! a: b z,. ~ z H < K J HZUJphSÜPb C-40

135 H D, * -. Z U»H ir >; C-J U3 N i- ffi G r». CJ H m : J rh 3 Z <r 1" "> Q rh t HH U. J H2 S3 «: Q> a. x t 3 s si C"' n "I; ^M^N H M CTi (T> en ö en. CJ c^n en en W < 0'i <x> P» Cv ^ en X P rh r^ (ji C* C 1 r- v CD CN i ii \D «arh 4 Ü) s f Q < as ss n T* en r- EH M cn er> en en b. CJ mi? <T> ff S en ix> rrs (*, r-, vj- ct- H"1ffi TM p- «? cg CD 00. :> t*r «H <H. -, «0 C H Q U.J s cg H M c U. CJ M <t -< t X 0. t\ n CPt < 1 r- in in cg CD r -n > **- **.-1 rh H > i < CTt ** r* en ^ in in H Q U)(\T 0 ix> U i U. -3 r*- "d- CJ 00 i/imin HH ic HtDip *t *T CN en en x ^ *D "IHrt en ** r- en ^ m ID tt> iß U) p** «* c m m M CDt WH ** ir> m (H LA «a- H *H in r iß iß m CN r in in in in r-i c r^ r r rsi t -a- pn.»-* i «t en < > en r r-i r*. in «LA c c i-4 r rh en r r*- en r- r m,h irt **.-* CPl r-4 "^ r en r r en ih cn r ia «t c ^* P r-» ^ 03 m *fr ^MflCDlftCJ ftf Irt i/l* Klfs ID rh c cr» en r c* * r << t 2 c > I C-41

136 HHN»ai t ft er* r- CD r* en CN t-t r-t f-t r* -3 g Cl. B 2 f N-l a ^ < >* H H.-H tu. S3 g 1 W i r s en en en ert ID H n en en en en en U«U en en en n en M < l/lmj*^mfl X 0. IflNHNH^ Ü) «NIflHH i-l rh rh f* 5 K1 n a: E 9 a 3 S CN S en en en en ID E H en en en en en <L) en en en en en < in r- en * r** m a. UI N HNH^ = s ^UIHH H «-* Hn CN q a: ^ rnr-r- H M ^ r» r* U, Ut VX> UD 2 ** J idiß < H in in i H s H M U CJ H < ißcd<*midifl X a. U10fMtNNH<ttf W s "JNUIHHrl rh rh HnN rh a < CDCnrHrH H ^^t «J- **» V V ha encr-.cmr^rvenmid^encnen m ) fs Mr- c* rh rh 10 V * c cn N-I a en c r^ c rh en rn ID ^j- en m M ID K ^r* J» en r-. <* en ID c m «* rh p* en c en»n r* r» m c en cr* in *H CTi rs «t (p CD ^» rhu-lcnrhldrhld ID K> in in r»tn tn ) U) r*.^- H r* r«. I/I r» rhcn U> i.» m -^ p».«in t HCD * in in in c ^ en r» in ID en rn in ID ** c in in rh»d ^ in r* rh r. en c c en en in H U) r in ID c I s * -"> r» en K> r» en * 4 < cg I C-42

137 -J- M h \D H <J* M s H M U. CJ M rt CD Cg G X a. CD Hcn«cni/i»3 * P SS D C H H, «?s CD c.h en in n in cg «a- <* -i Ki» K» a CN «Hrl H Q ** r^. _1 \D KD *"> *** in 3D *fr *t *$, cn Kl m Kl c r-( H >" H M U. CJ H «: CC00 x a. CC i-tcrtlpul «t *r *r in tn KIW M s rf Q CNUMDWM ts rh«t>klcftcf> r.-4t-i.-hr**r- M Xi cminicnhrh X cd c. (cmmminin «T t K1 ft Q J «*n r- 00 CD * ID et ^ H <j cn Ki r-h (T> ^K^rlH Hlrl Kl i«; "1 i/n/h l CD *f H : ccrhcmmcnn :> *nkicn K% rh «i UDincn r4tn * > N-t 1-4 n f-* rci Ki cn ^t- c cn m r» K» c r*- r» HNH *H cn cn rvü^-cmcdcn r-trn N M Kimen cr^ CN^f»nHHM H "* lc m-in CD ** <3" ^ iß m 00 M in rh ih H SI < Id ftf p 2, - -" M < C-43

138 8 f M H H Q W U. J gas i Kl >. H HM. U B CD^WI ID U)Min^H la r* <* 01 ID t r- "S Kl Kl Q H Q U. J as UJ D cj. H M. M < X. CD^tD tfvtn^hu) fn.? er«id CN -t r- Kl Q ^s H M U. U as c^rcmid ^lütninflhißiii r^dcnixjcni/ir^r- 5 K> K» ^ Q 3 DKl^^i S- Q HKiffifltt». J IflfM'f't M Xl K) 1/1 (D V Ö) 1^ m x 3 HcciKiet^r* <N a CD **> rh 5fr V CN rl M ffl l/l 00 a> in r>. ) Ki e «t f CD n CD i i i rt Ul M 00 N r< *t *»H KI c r* Ki t/i ID r*. ip H H l US Kl 1/1 ** Kl Kl Kl Kl men C^NHN Kl ^ f» rh -3- Kl r-t rh ID 00 Kl I*» Kl H in c*- U3 LA rh ID CD 0! ID 01 la Kl M/l H Cfi HH rhklll/l H CD CD ^D rh r-* Ul Kl r^r-kiccm^-^- r-i \ > 1/1 rhlfl rh 10 SB, SHSU'S- KUUUCC M 2 J 3 U, 3 C-44

139 (M ID (N lit IN <t N r** < Ki m ggggggg»d ID ^- H **» <H r* * r-* < U? K> m cidincn*r»* r- in c a en in en en r-\ <r Ki r* vd 10 l rh ^ Kl r il^f ihklrhr*»*'^- r^«ti»inin ^mcm cm^-fvr* iid i-*^00h»fcdcd r*.^lr-(cs(kl^^- c ID m en c in IH r» 10 in in»-t m in ^ r- " m en ID in idfmcdin^h P*. ^ <-l K» CD ** r4 c ^- *t 10 en 10 i en f c m r» r* CD r- m m p«* m^ r-t m f m in r-i r-i 10 m r-t P- H r-i en m in c c en r- * r- 10 ^ m c m a *D MH^NCDH t ID in en ** a r*. HlDMN ID rh CD 1-i ID ID "«* H en in m <<E4c/)2tn>i C-45

140 G en en c c < S3 g en en en en en en en en Hlflffttf rt cr>mn«ja)in M 5 ~ tnc m er> cr> 5 en r» HlflCilDKl MS en > 4- in r cg.h ^- ««- ID Wi*1 H H Q K^m'«(^ tä in P». M 05 ä ID en td ID ID MS r- ih r- r* Q f-h ". M «eg id lhlm»h <* ** ID m M K> "3 ^9 in NMft in yd DH 3 ID <H 00U)** cr»fk>qdcdina)c0 M c cdinn M> <n c r* in ID <* f** mm in r- a»h "> * > m "»" i/l H VDW K>Cf» Iß * M 0D «D ffi r* ID r^t >^ in t en U) n. id CD id en en <-t ih <* r^ PH «^ Cn rh in 00 H vd H (D CD en <-i CD <D en ID r- in.h m Hccac in ^ H >D iß (Tl ^ Irt Kl r-t r* c m H r* KtrH in r* r- en Cn en CD r- tf> Fft*^- f*' z a.j 3 C ; < W < U W 3E C-46

141 r~ g * B r» ^ a H < < Q x z C* c n rl" vß Tt fj> "-i CT> m vd 00 if» * 10 vd 10 >-l > n r- r» n 10 c in in r m CTI r» r- m H N i-l EH iß H 10 En H c* ^" in lrl * D r» n r-i W i-i n r-l r- r» m rh * Ü m ** p» c in m rt r- CD >* c r- r~ in i CTi c c en g s a> g S & s 10 r- c r n m c < c EH q m D ^ c H n ^ N m in ^t CT* c in Tt i in i0 v id in -I r» r» en - m & \ > Tt c en r» r -I V0 10 l-l 0~i en Q C-47

142 r- 0\ as t 53 < & r- c (N r-* i-l rf 01 c».-i en n c r~ <j in ^ i <t c ft fi r- ft in in in «3. c* r» r c ^t yß ffi i ei ft c 00 r C* ft 01 m r c m VD t- m 0> H < < W J g ID in r» i-i r- r* m r» in r- m in c* in r» in r-l c ft r- in 10 r s Q S3 < 9 ^ eg 9 ^ en vf r- > r^ r» r (N in 00 H 00 (M.-i r~ (M 1.-1 * i0 cri en r r- H l\ ri h if* t n f W ^ N ft fl C\ c r- ^ Q CJ. «H H < s C-48

143 CN 01 r- J IS r-laicn«-l*tvq rr >cvd v c * 01 (N >* f r- TJ in in r-l ^1- i c iß 01 c 0> <N CN CN rh * > en in >x> r-i 0 c *f «* 3 r» (N 01.-H CD r~ 01 ^r * rh CN CN CN CN 3 >4 J e ^ p in r~ CN 3 01 r^ CN r- CN (N r-l rh CN CN CN in 01 CN CN i id CN CN r~ vd CN CN c in in H i-l r» i-i es r» 00 t» t» ** CN 01 V0 CN ^ rh * i-l CN 00 d 00 CN s EH 8. Q pa ij z < \0 01 CN H r- in g in CN * v 01 <N <«r 01 r» r g H r CN vd * 01 in r> p Q r^ 00 CN 00 r- B D r ** ^ r-4 CN 01 8 Z 04 i q«>-l 00 l 2 ««E-i l * in B H CN r-l CN * X c 01 r~ c^ W P ".E vd r-\ 00 p> J.-1 r-4 CN in rj J H M M E X K J J gg kd <t r-4 r~ c c <s> «k0 r~ r- 3 iß EH CN 5 r-4 00 I r~ Q i-h ^ «B Z r-l H H rh 01 in r CN r t p 00 CN r-l (-3 53 S >X) CN 01 r J J 3* ij CN Q irf rf CN < < 3 ^r <2 * 2 g g a 0 0 S fig 2 B EH EH J 5 J B B EH EH * EH 33 1 g 3 H S-I Q»a s B m m U U BS H H z\ a. D p Z B y B J B ss EH 0 < B < 53 K H 2 U U H B H M H EH S K s < X B B c t H Q I EH 3 C5 C-49

144 <t >> H» v in r^. r Ü 2 i> ^ H m r 00 v - H J CS> ^> vd ** CD (Al rh ih Q < «* fn r CN tf *t 2 H rh r- r r in VD cn 5 r in ih H rh fn CN <T> Ü4 H r rh v cn <N r- r 1 r- «t r- \ß >> rh r\ 00 rh 0> r z * j 5 r- < 3 Ej fn X rn rh in fc B r > r C*» J3 g r r* r-t 00 in v» K < g 9 Q r* DM pj b CD VD rh 00 rh r^ rh fn 8 s * in CD in in rh fn r Kl p CD ^f fn Z 00 r^ \D ä r^ er» Eü in in pj W <c * C* r-\ r» rh fn 2 r» r^ r-l r (N fn 6 * * y r-{ r» H * r-l cn r^ Q ^H r* r fn r rh H rh r g 8 p rn U 0> fn rh fn h 00 -H r a H 2 10 rh in rh VD r c* Q v H <n r» rh r~ 1-5 r ^i rh iß J <* vß 0> CT. rh 9 H ^ 2 c r- r-i kd J J H 5 in r» r fn EH H C0 rm W H in <* 10 rh CH s r- r* t^ Q r^ a\ <N cn H H c W 00 *z rh rh fn X S EH v ) rm] M3 00 <C 5 0» rh r 00 r m s &H CD fn rh EH fn C5 Q Q D 00 rh 2 Z 2 S H H CN r 2 2 rh rh ij < < < K EH 1 EH EH z J E> J \ H H a W < rj < a H MM 3 3 rh < CJ DM Di U > s 2 M 2 «H H \ EH 00 M W M M EH S J g 8 00 Ü ^ 2 5 r4 g 00 g U CJ H 2 2 \ H 2 W PS < t 00 CJ 00 H D 8 s EH C-50

145 Hi'UDHH'tiMn n id in in en m. CD rh 2 -* LTl CD c 01 \D VD H r-1 01 ^0 <* CN ü m.h rh Q <r 0> VD in.-! in N ^0 10 m ^D in vd in ^r 1 r*i in 01 p 6 in CD en rn r- r^ rh t vd iß \D U-i H rh CN -H 5 r> -i fa t <tf ^f m t <fr r» m r~ CN 1 J c«9 ** ** g in St «* 01 Q p> 01 >D c 2; ID r^ 5 in en h rh r 3 J < rh rh vd -I r- vd ss r» in in c vd s 3 01 T* P> EH 01 J «* CN in <* D 01 en in CN rh c g Tf 5 m 01 en CN en rh rh * 9 H 2 00 ID ^ 1 rh c in m 00 «* 01 CN a rh * «* r-l rh 01 in >D J3 in r» «0 01 rh fa r e' rh en rh r in 00 H s in in 00 <ff En CN M X t 1 rh rh J A EH in fa fa M r- r^ en in Cn fa H en ^ ^ a i CN rh H H X CN W DJ H rh >st X K EH r>»j W < 5 CN in n cn rn n < rh EH CN Ü Ü S Q a 2; 2S H H I - H H H 3 < < < < EH EH 2 2 a 1 En E-«2 i J t H \ EH fa W W < J < fa 2^ 0M Cd r4 s s S s EH c t 2 3 H H < U U > < < Ä X H 2 S H EH \ E4 H fa H H M EH ^ fa 8 S a t-j X fa g D S H H z \ E-i fa p 2 fa S < X t t U H Q S3 S CN en a, IH 6 EH 3 0 C-51

146 CN r>.-i in ^0 i N ^f m rh VD m r c in r mic IM ic m >-\ \a Ö l-l c rsi ^t ID rg in «3" t Tt Y, ft. ^ r H l r (N H ID U1 tn r- M H in ** 00 r Tt <n r g IN N H It m r-~ c H in f\j»t 00 r-l 1 td H H l-l in in in B rf J p r» * < ^ <tf T* H) EH EH r- i en * ih in H Q H CTi r» 00 <* v i-t cfi r» (N l H &H g t D (0 ag K at 5 ** i-l r IN (N c i-h c 8> m H r IN g p <t <tf t 00 s r^ c * Q 4 in W 2 \ 10 r««a- D CD ih 10 r> < t i-l r~ r- ^0 m IN 10 Kl hh 55 < --I (N M3 (N H S in r ^H v in <N s ^ c CN in!> r r H "* ^0 10 rn r i-h c.-1 * 5 a rs ^H l -H t in CD * r-l ^H xa f-t -I <* as, r-h c.-1 g <N c.-i m i (N Q (N Ifl c * i^ r» H c 5 i-h ID 10 fa m <* rh J ih.h J as. h H 09 3 t g 04 Q C-52

147 z < t -H rh CA rh C* -H,H t 10 in in (N v rh r» a\ r» ^0 in cn in r\ <* ** in rh * in r~ H/ rh rh rh in r«in H r (N t» f) *t rh r- in <* X* rh * (N in <n r- * (M 1 m rh rh r«r^ r r c \ > i* c rh rh r H <* rh 00 5 r- rh 15 < Q H b 5 0] C* rh 0> r> <N p» c c rh m r«r r- rh r P> H> in ^ rh er. I> er <* (N < W S 9i W 2 C0 rh c r r~ t» in rh r r C0 I» c H- CN) rh EH W U 8 Q 3 fr t W S H rj J S < 2 et: H 2 2 H H H Ü hl gg z\ E-i < ( C-53

148 r> <N r-1 00 m CTi m CTi rh rh CT. in g m ** CN l > rh r ^t r m n fa rr ^D m r- en CN r-l m CN CN ^ r» z < CN r» a> ID r» <* a\ r-l 1) P> '* <* 00 in r- rh r CN r- va in UJ r-l a g (Ai 03 KD rn r CN CN rh CTi CN «* tg H CN >D <y\ -H r- in CN r f-i rh 03 <? cn 00 fa CN rh r-l r^ (N r^ 0\ rh fa r-«in r- c* 0 0 er. Ch CN 0 fa B s r^ rh (T> <* r 3 ^ m iß r \ in r~ ^ Q H VD CN rh r r~ r <N CN in r* 5 CQ r ID r- ID r rh fa U4 H (N iß rh rh CN fa a; B < 9 CN CN < v; H rh VD CN CTN fa >H fa fa Q üü CT\ r- 9 2 vd r CN rh V H rh r r * r r ID CTi r- * Q & *t r-i r 0^ ^ 00 m CN 0 5 r <D ID r- s fa rh CN id rh CN 0 <t 10 r fa CN 01 r 00 ID z < id ^1" r r^ CTI 0 Tj *t r» CTi id CN cs i-h r- r r» 00 r- r- D t-< in Tt ^j" v id r r en r m P cq rh t CN ID fa fa (N rh m 9 f~ 0 0 in 0 CN Z t> CTi m CN v; in 0 r (5 vd r- in cn M rh CN r t- H in in g r 0 0 fa fa <* * CN rh fa rh H CN s fa r ^" id 0 CTi 9 Z CN r- IX) in en S rh ^f r r CT> Q rj rh 2 00 «tf rh CN A <D B EH Pi r CC a\ r-» rh <tf r~ fa fa H en > > *C fa 2 CTi ^ CTi ID r C* H H ffi r 2 fa r vd rh r» r ffi BG rh * ai < fa r~ ^ 10 * CN W tß in CQ rh rh r 0 0 d Q < Z W S5 H H Z fa H CTV t CN r fa z z ij J»-I 5 <C < < < li 1 H EH EH < ^ EH fa fa s 2 < rj J < J fa fa 6 rj < 3 < 6 0 H > s Z fa KHZ (Z H 2 2 Z EH \ EH «a Q 0 U W H U H H M H ct: 2 'Z *z 0 S W h s W fa B 0 2 S a H H Z \ EH J 5 Z B c a fa < x a fa 0 00 H Q Ü C-54

149 I t* en v *t ^0 r- m n n en!* ^t LD r- rh l '0 0> r» ^ -H '0 <* ^H in r\ fn r» ^-1 c* ^5 <* 00 m i n r Lfl ^ *i) 3 (M fn ffi C* <t rh C^ (N n t in r^ r^ ^1 m r» 00 ^t v ^ ^ m r-j r- <J\ in r ^f r~ ^0 CN m n J ^t ^-i ih (N r~ ^t n r» 0> & <N Vß 00 rh \D in in.-{ (N in CT> fi ^ m in t- <N (N IN t H H W 8 I S x z ^1 C-55 (REVERSE BLANK)

150 SECTIN 4 CASE HI, ±10% VARIATIN F ASSIGNMENTS

151 a <N < r» E-» ri<t^<t«hinriinn(m^hw ffl r-lttrfcn rl FI r-i H rl 01 FI p <* 2 r> r-» H f a < E< < t < D a * S z as ffi EH t Z K z H g a s 0. r^r^r- U (N \0 i-l Si I-HTT i rcscn t H ^*v0r0cnrh.-lcn Z i-i m c f«05 r<-<in Z r-l ^ H 3 H t < EH 1 \ \ QQQQQQQDQQQQhQ X s Z K 8p«i(«CT»rr^,in^'vr,»00CTiCT>^^' ü CNCSin"lvDv<ßvß00C0C0CDC0Cr>Cn D «a PH EH C-56

152 CN r» < «n g - «U Q tm S H S vd 2 (N H M a < CN E* 3 \ CN 00 H H C-57

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171 rh en rh <-* «N fn in r- Ü r^ c in 00 en in <* Tf z *t <N UD en VD ei en M i-l en (N m (N P> c l r- c Q < CTN rh rh <* (N r^ n -) 3 in * 6 00 U) i-l en fa H rh CN rh iß l v H W \~y ij X < <* rf -H fa g g en N in it en 2 en in m W C fa H H rtj < W U X Q fa 2 Pi fa ij fa 9 <* 2 %l c en en >* in <tf * en a r» en ID a VÖ r^ n fa in n rh CN A Ö < rh "> rh r- c m kd BS ^t P- <* H C* r~ n (N in r~ en (N rh rh k g k rh * * <N fa t in rn n <N <tf 9 p fa z p rj fa M M M a W Q c g pa fa s x a cc fa C-76

172 in HM ^ IN IN ^ (D v vd <N vd f»> in m i i 53, CN m <N v <N c r» <* (N (N M J ^ 01 IB M N v en r- r- Q < r r- c 01 c in i-l <H r^ (N I H r ID m H H LTl >H <N ^ 1 fs (N BS fe H.-( H PH in in in 2 < "* r- "* in s r^ V i r rr r~ m c H en r r~ Q c in ID rh Z ih r~ 01 5 D <N VD i fa 05 g S3 9 Q j fa r> 00 r- v r rg I c 9 *t i in fa Q 01 vd r- t a -I ID a fa i-h r~ r«cn VD <* <* r> VD 01 fa g < BS H H H I 00 Nf <N VD VD EH i v in ^r CN l rh z ra m c 01 rh V0 5 D in N*H in r V V0 m VD <N r-l r M H H in m r <-\ IN v r~ r> ch v vd r in vd in r vd i i-i V rh V r * i-h z fa 05 EH fa 3 Pi 3 W 1-. Z \ EH W fa fa U < i-l < 05 C) 8 > s z EH \ EH H H g g W <J C-77

173 rh rh Tfr 03 in H- & c 'H; <* l 0U1 P» <N n rh rh t \D 2 Cn (N m c 01 in in 10 \D c M fa r- ^.-i ^t m r^ r vd CTi t» tn a < rh <tf n in ih r (M r\i 00 rn rh Tt 6 rh 00 (N «H- Tj- rh (N ^ <N p in r> «3- C^ 1 01 <H Eü H r ih ih 1^ r- (N r^ 01 fa H < a-. r> rh 0> (N fa EH C CD I rh <* n en a r» r CN CN >H ^ g in «* i-i rh rh fa fa tn s 8 fa EH < fa i a p 9 1 E 3 1 a b c t 01 rh P» tn H c 01 rh i r r^ rn rf Q r* rh r tn Bj r^ * tn < 3 in «* rh rh CQ fa rh (N H < <N ** ** 2 EH ID «} 01 in CNJ r~ <N in EH r» <fr rh ch m r fl m <* CN ** r 5 i in r-- <* rh r~- g fa W IN rh in 9 rt (N 2 r-l ^ vd r r- Q r» 0«00 c 5 H IN j c^ rh H i-l fa H t 9 CN \D \C <* K 2 t IN rt 4 m P rj J M 2 r-4 (N m v EH EH fa ID fa H r» VD r» rh rh fa fa H m > ^ H H Q n m in c H H E m [ij 2 m ** ** *t r s K EH s M < 5 tn <* in <* ^ t t in t CQ fa J EH <* Ü a a t 2 Sz; 3 S 3 H H (M r fa fa fa rh Q S: < 5 < < < ^ ^ fa 2 g J fa fa g EH H < s S H fa fa fa 3 < fa U fa Cd fa as fa fa t W EH g fa H SS « y < 2 EH < EH fa Sp U W M H M H EH fa fa 2 21 fa 8 «W U ID 2 fa Cfl W 5 a U 2 H H 55 \ H fa D 2 U fa a a s < s fa t t U t H Q C-78

174 a* Q < b H fn ^ (M 00 H r- 00 0> fn r- in 03 ft t- m r» en m c in c n <N in in en n en v in r» -* *f v f"> fn fn IM in r~ 5t > r-i r^ CN en (J Nlfl Ifi M Cn V V fn en <t «in r- b 4 b t r~ c tn t^ n fn f» v in r r- IDH r» f> <N -I fm en <* en m fn v V (N -4 v fn m n H (N fn f» Hn ID en IN ^ ih r~ v en IN 5j> ID in en c (N * v in c in v c CD H n M n c v en ^- i-i ^t in c v <- fn p» en rn ij W < Q g b c rh * 01 r~ r- fn in in V e> <* <tf 01 CD fn "* in 00 n vd en r» v 00 r~ m <t 3 rn en v v c r^ n Tt fn en m en r» in n v m W t 9 H Q a J b V fn en fn m en in r» H ** T* V m v in fh v ^ fn en c t < W Q z g J J < ra b fn -4 <* *t fji r- cn *t r v V 00 t- V PI n i H fn en v H * (0 P en v r en rh r- n ^ V Tt fn 8 0k H b a.-1 a K < U s H a S M 2 Z U c H M i-i 05 D \ < W b «IUWHBU C-79

175 I EH W U V- r in <T\ r» <t m & vd fji rh 4 W t in r~~ r» 0\ en CN 00 >* rf m in m r- a> v \ <? in rh.-i H * KD CN ^H r» H rh CN m LTl r» CN (N <J> CN * k m c r^ r-< r-l m 0^ r> ^D \ > tf vd t> IN r~ * CN «* n CN in cn r4 rh H CN CN v 0^ n * r~ r-l 1- in n ^0 k -H m rn r~ r» CN * n t in in f«cn CN ^ m M H M H 8 5 as 55 I <J En C-80

176 INDEX F DES DP/N ARF A -ALAMEDA B -NRFLK C - NRTH ISLAND D - QUNSET PINT PRGRAM A - AIRCRAFT B - MISSILES E - ENGINES F - F/J (MPNENTS) E -JACKSNVILLE F - CHERRY PINT G - PENSALA SUB-PRGRAM D - PAR F - PAR/NVERSIN P - REPAIR S - MISSILE REWRK T -F/J CUSTMER A - NAVY FLEET/TRAINING MMAND B - BIS/PRJDEV/DRNE L - AIR FRCE N - AST GUARD Q - INTERNATINAL C-81 (REVERSE BLANK)

177

178 U i t> 06 6