Supporting Information. The preference for dual-gold(i) catalysis in the hydro(alkoxylation vs phenoxylation) of alkynes

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Supporting Information. The preference for dual-gold(i) catalysis in the hydro(alkoxylation vs phenoxylation) of alkynes"

Transcription

1 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information for The preference for dual-gold(i) catalysis in the hydro(alkoxylation vs phenoxylation) of alkynes Èric Casals-Cruañas, a Oscar F. González-Belman, a Pau Besalú-Sala, a David J. Nelson, b and Albert Poater a * Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi sn, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK. albert.poater@udg.edu OH 26.0 H 2 O Ph 0.0 OH 17.5 Ph (IPr)Au O (IPr)Au [Au(OH)(IPr)] + Au(IPr) Ph Ph 3.7 I Au(IPr) O II H + [Au(OH 2 )(IPr)] Ph H 2 O 10.6 Ph -2.4 (IPr)Au O Au(IPr) Figure S1. Computed stationary points for the pre-catalytic activation of [{Au(IPr)} 2 (μ-oh)] + to complexes I and II. Gibbs free energies in chloroform solution are given in kcal/mol (recalculated from ref. 56 at P = 1 atm). I + II 3.0

2 TS(III-IV) [Au] Ph Ph III O [Au] Ph O I+II 0.0 [Au] Ph [Au] III 6.4 O Ph IV 15.0 [Au] Ph [Au] IV 0.6 L [Au] O Ph Ph [Au] 9.8 I O Ph [Au] 8.0 [Au(OHPh)(IPr)] V 2.7 [Au(OHPh)(IPr)] -0.8 Ph H Ph O [Au] 3.9 O Ph [Au] Ph H Ph O H [Au(OHPh)(IPr)] I L = PhOH (Phenol assisted pathway) L = Alkyne (Alkyne assisted pathway) O -6.1 Ph Ph [Au] O Ph H [Au] Ph + II VI Product O Ph Ph H Figure S2. Computed stationary points for the dual-gold catalysed hydrophenoxylation using diphenylacetylene as a substrate and phenol as a nucleophile (Gibbs energies in chloroform solution are given in kcal/mol relative to complex I and the neutral [Au(OPh)(IPr)] complex II. [Au] = [Au(IPr)].

3 CH 3 CCCH 3 HOMO LUMO PhCCPh CF 3 CCCF 3 PhCCPh (real catalyst) Figure S3. Frontier molecular orbitals for the cationic π-gold-alkyne complexes I.

4 Figure S4. Molecular structures of the computed transition states corresponding to the monoaurated mechanism for the in silico NHC = IMe system, involving two molecules of phenol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluorobut-2-yne. Key distances are indicated in Å.

5 NHC NHC NHC NHC I A TS P Au Au Au R Au Ph R R R R C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 R O R Ph O C1 C2 O R H H H Figure S5. Illustration of key distances (in Ǻ) in the structures considered here. Distance 1 (d1): C1... C2 Distance 2 (d2): Au... C1 Distance 3 (d3): Au... C2 Distance 4 (d4): C1... O

6 Table S1. Benchmark for the alcohol nucleophilic attack to π-gold-dimethyl-alkyne species I (Enthaylpy (H) and Gibbs (G) energies in chloroform are given in kcal/mol, A = adduct; TS = transition state; P = product). P 1 atm E Alcohol I A TS P B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP G 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP G 2 MeOH M06/TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP H 2 MeOH M06/TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP G 2 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 1 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 1 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 1 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 1 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 2 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP H 1 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP G 1 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP H 2 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP G 2 MeOH P = 1354 atm E Alcohol I A TS P B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP G 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP G 2 MeOH M06/TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP H 2 MeOH M06/TZVP// BP86/def2-TZVP G 2 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 1 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 1 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 1 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 1 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP H 2 MeOH B2PLYP-d3/def2-TZVP// BP86/SVP G 2 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP H 1 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP G 1 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP H 2 MeOH M06/TZVP//BP86/SVP G 2 MeOH

7 Table S2. Key distances, in Å, in the structures depicted in Figure 6 (d1 = C1 C2; d2 = Au C1; d3 = Au C2; d4 = C1 O) involved in the nucleophilic attack of η 2 -complex I by the alcohol. Complex A is the adduct formed initially, TS is the transition state for nucleophilic attack, and P is the complex produced. Mayer Bond Orders are provided for C1 C2 (MBO1), Au C1 (MBO2), Au C2 (MBO3), and C1 O (MBO4). Alkyne Alcohol d1 d2 d3 d4 MBO1 MBO2 MBO3 MBO4 I A TS 1 MeOH P A Me TS 2 MeOH P A Me TS 1 PhOH P A TS 2 PhOH P I A TS 1 MeOH P A TS 2 MeOH P A TS 1 PhOH P A TS 2 PhOH P I A TS 1 MeOH P A F F F TS 2 MeOH P A TS F F 1 PhOH P F A TS 2 PhOH P

8 Table S3. Grimme dispersion correction on geometry optimizations (Internal Energy (E), Enthaylpy (H) and Gibbs (G) energies in kcal/mol). Alkyne Alcohol E H G Without dispersion: I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH With D3 dispersion: I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH With D3bj dispersion: I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH

9 Table S4. Alcohol nucleophilic attack to π-gold-alkyne species I (Gibbs energies in chloroform are given in kcal/mol, A = adduct; TS = transition state; P = product). Alkyne Alcohol E H G I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH I PhCCPh A PhCCPh 1 MeOH TS PhCCPh 1 MeOH P PhCCPh 1 MeOH A PhCCPh 2 MeOH TS PhCCPh 2 MeOH P PhCCPh 2 MeOH A PhCCPh 1 PhOH TS PhCCPh 1 PhOH P PhCCPh 1 PhOH A PhCCPh 2 PhOH TS PhCCPh 2 PhOH P PhCCPh 2 PhOH I CF 3 CCCF A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH I HCCH A HCCH 1 MeOH TS HCCH 1 MeOH P HCCH 1 MeOH A HCCH 2 MeOH TS HCCH 2 MeOH P HCCH 2 MeOH A HCCH 1 PhOH TS HCCH 1 PhOH P HCCH 1 PhOH A HCCH 2 PhOH TS HCCH 2 PhOH P HCCH 2 PhOH I FCCF A FCCF 1 MeOH TS FCCF 1 MeOH P FCCF 1 MeOH A FCCF 2 MeOH TS FCCF 2 MeOH P FCCF 2 MeOH A FCCF 1 PhOH TS FCCF 1 PhOH P FCCF 1 PhOH A FCCF 2 PhOH TS FCCF 2 PhOH P FCCF 2 PhOH

10 Table S5. Main distances (d1 = C1 C2; d2 = Au C1; d3 = Au C2; d4 = C1 O; in Ǻ, see Figure S5) involved in the nucleophilic attack of the alcohol to the π-gold-alkyne complex I (A = adduct; TS = transition state; P = product); and the corresponding Mayer Bond Orders (MBO1 = C1 C2; MBO2 = Au C1; MBO3 = Au C2; MBO4 = C1 O; in Ǻ). Alkyne Alcohol d1 d2 d3 d4 MBO1 MBO2 MBO3 MBO4 I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH TS CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH I PhCCPh A PhCCPh 1 MeOH TS PhCCPh 1 MeOH P PhCCPh 1 MeOH A PhCCPh 2 MeOH TS PhCCPh 2 MeOH P PhCCPh 2 MeOH A PhCCPh 1 PhOH TS PhCCPh 1 PhOH P PhCCPh 1 PhOH A PhCCPh 2 PhOH TS PhCCPh 2 PhOH P PhCCPh 2 PhOH I CF 3 CCCF A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH TS CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH I HCCH A HCCH 1 MeOH TS HCCH 1 MeOH P HCCH 1 MeOH A HCCH 2 MeOH TS HCCH 2 MeOH P HCCH 2 MeOH A HCCH 1 PhOH TS HCCH 1 PhOH P HCCH 1 PhOH A HCCH 2 PhOH TS HCCH 2 PhOH P HCCH 2 PhOH I FCCF A FCCF 1 MeOH TS FCCF 1 MeOH P FCCF 1 MeOH A FCCF 2 MeOH TS FCCF 2 MeOH P FCCF 2 MeOH A FCCF 1 PhOH TS FCCF 1 PhOH P FCCF 1 PhOH A FCCF 2 PhOH TS FCCF 2 PhOH P FCCF 2 PhOH

11 Table S6. Chemical hardness (η) and electrophilicity (ω) of the intermediate species involved in the alkoxylation (in a.u.; A = Adduct, P = Product). Alkyne Alcohol E HOMO E LUMO η Ω MeOH PhOH I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH I PhCCPh A PhCCPh 1 MeOH P PhCCPh 1 MeOH A PhCCPh 2 MeOH P PhCCPh 2 MeOH A PhCCPh 1 PhOH P PhCCPh 1 PhOH A PhCCPh 2 PhOH P PhCCPh 2 PhOH I CF 3 CCCF A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH I HCCH A HCCH 1 MeOH P HCCH 1 MeOH A HCCH 2 MeOH P HCCH 2 MeOH A HCCH 1 PhOH P HCCH 1 PhOH A HCCH 2 PhOH P HCCH 2 PhOH I FCCF A FCCF 1 MeOH P FCCF 1 MeOH A FCCF 2 MeOH P FCCF 2 MeOH A FCCF 1 PhOH P FCCF 1 PhOH A FCCF 2 PhOH P FCCF 2 PhOH

12 Table S7. Natural Bond Order (NBO) charges (in electrons). Alkyne Alcohol Au C1 C2 O I CH 3 CCCH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 MeOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 1 PhOH A CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH P CH 3 CCCH 3 2 PhOH I PhCCPh A PhCCPh 1 MeOH P PhCCPh 1 MeOH A PhCCPh 2 MeOH P PhCCPh 2 MeOH A PhCCPh 1 PhOH P PhCCPh 1 PhOH A PhCCPh 2 PhOH P PhCCPh 2 PhOH I CF 3 CCCF A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 MeOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 1 PhOH A CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH P CF 3 CCCF 3 2 PhOH I HCCH A HCCH 1 MeOH P HCCH 1 MeOH A HCCH 2 MeOH P HCCH 2 MeOH A HCCH 1 PhOH P HCCH 1 PhOH A HCCH 2 PhOH P HCCH 2 PhOH I FCCF A FCCF 1 MeOH P FCCF 1 MeOH A FCCF 2 MeOH P FCCF 2 MeOH A FCCF 1 PhOH P FCCF 1 PhOH A FCCF 2 PhOH P FCCF 2 PhOH

13 Table S8. Nucleophilic attack of the π-gold-alkyne species I by the alcohol. Gibbs energies in chloroform solution are given in kcal/mol, A = adduct; TS = transition state; P = product). Alkyne Alcohol E H G I A TS 1 MeOH P A Me TS 2 MeOH P A Me TS 1 PhOH P A TS 2 PhOH P Alkyne Alcohol E H G I A TS 1 MeOH P A TS 2 MeOH P A TS 1 PhOH P A TS 2 PhOH P Alkyne Alcohol E H G I A TS 1 MeOH P A F F F TS 2 MeOH P A TS F F 1 PhOH P F A TS 2 PhOH P

14 Table S9. Chemical hardness (η) and electrophilicity (ω) of the intermediate species involved in the hydroalkoxylation/hydrophenoxylation reaction (in a.u.). A is the adduct between complex I and the alcohol, and P is the product complex. Alcohol E HOMO E LUMO η ω MeOH PhOH Alkyne Alcohol I A MeOH P Me A MeOH P A Me 1 PhOH P A PhOH P Alkyne Alcohol I A MeOH P A MeOH P A PhOH P A P 2 PhOH Alkyne Alcohol I A MeOH P F F F A MeOH P A PhOH P F F F A PhOH P

15 Table S10. Benchmark for the nucleophilic attack of II to π-gold-dimethyl-alkyne species I (Gibbs (G) energies in chloroform are given in kcal/mol). Geometry optimization Thermal correction E gas G gas (M06/TZVP) E solv G solv (M06/TZVP) E solv (M06/DEF2TZVP) G solv (M06/DEF2TZVP) I+II BP86/SVP BP86/SVP III BP86/SVP BP86/SVP III-IV BP86/SVP BP86/SVP IV BP86/SVP BP86/SVP I+II BP86/Def2TZVP BP86/Def2TZVP III BP86/Def2TZVP BP86/Def2TZVP III-IV BP86/Def2TZVP BP86/Def2TZVP IV BP86/Def2TZVP BP86/Def2TZVP I+II BP86-d3/Def2TZVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP III BP86-d3/Def2TZVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP III-IV BP86-d3/Def2TZVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP IV BP86-d3/Def2TZVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP I+II BP86-d3/SVP BP86-d3/SVP III BP86-d3/SVP BP86-d3/SVP III-IV BP86-d3/SVP BP86-d3/SVP IV BP86-d3/SVP BP86-d3/SVP I+II BP86/SVP M06/SVP III BP86/SVP M06/SVP III-IV BP86/SVP M06/SVP IV BP86/SVP M06/SVP I+II BP86/TZVP BP86/TZVP III BP86/TZVP BP86/TZVP III-IV BP86/TZVP BP86/TZVP IV BP86/TZVP BP86/TZVP NHC = IPr I+II BP86/SVP BP86/Def2TZVP III BP86/SVP BP86/Def2TZVP III-IV BP86/SVP BP86/Def2TZVP IV BP86/SVP BP86/Def2TZVP NHC = IPr I+II BP86/SVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP III BP86/SVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP III-IV BP86/SVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP IV BP86/SVP BP86-d3/Def2TZVP

16 %V bur calculations By using SambVca (version 2), developed by Cavallo and coworkers, it is possible to analyse and visualise the first coordination sphere around the metal where the catalysis takes place. The buried volume (%V bur ) provides a convenient single number that describes the steric impact of the ligand, and steric maps and per quadrant measures of %V bur provide more information about the way in which the steric bulk is distributed. Splitting %Vbur into quadrant contributions quantifies any asymmetry in the way the ligand wraps around the metal. This analysis shows how the shape of the reactive pocket is modified when moving from IPr to IMe for species gold-alkyne species I. Structure/Activity Relationships of the monogold systems With the mono- and digold-catalysed mechanisms described by DFT calculations, and even though the digold mechanism is found to be strongly favored with respect to the monogold one when the catalyst concentration is relatively not low, the role of each species involved was probed. Structure/activity relationships are important because they determine the scope and limitations of the synthetic methodology. The results are collected in Tables S4 and S8 to allow direct comparisons to be made, including the optimised energy in solvent (E) as well as the enthalpy (H) for the sake of consistency with the work of Belanzoni, Zuccaccia and co-workers. 28 The adduct A is formed from the interaction of η 2 -alkyne complex I with the alcohol, due to the favourable interaction between the carbon atoms of the alkyne and the oxygen of the alcohol, together with hydrogen bonds of the latter atom to hydrogen atoms attached to the alkyne. This interaction is rather weak. In terms of Gibbs free energies, A is more stable than the separated species. Mayer Bond Orders (MBO) for these adducts are collected in Table S5 (vide infra), and demonstrate that the nature of the bond is neither covalent nor ionic because the corresponding MBOs are null. The nucleophilic attack enjoys a reduced barrier if two molecules of alcohol are involved. However, this favourable effect is not that significant in energy terms once the entropic effects are also considered. Kinetically, the upper energy point on the free energy surface is this transition state. The general trends are that electron-withdrawing substituents on

17 the alkyne (such as trifluoromethyl groups) increase the barrier by at least 3-5 kcal/mol, and give barriers up to twice as high as the simple but-2-yne substrate. Alkyl alcohols facilitate the alkoxylation, reducing the barrier by around 10 kcal/mol. The combination of diphenylacetylene and phenol leads to prohibitively large barriers and an intermediate that is very high in energy (both > 30 kcal/mol). The steric properties of the substituents on the alkyne do not play a significant role; the small H and F substituents on acetylene and difluoroacetylene, respectively, lead to completely different behaviour (see Tables S4-S5). Intermediate P, the product of the alkoxylation, is thermodynamically less stable than the initial reactants in all cases except where trifluoromethyl or methyl groups are the substituents on the alkyne. P becomes much more thermodynamically stable when it bears electron withdrawing substituents on the alkyne, while larger substituents lead to less stable P. In general, for monogold-catalysed hydroalkoxylation, alkyl substituents on the alkyne lead to lower barriers (TS) but aryl substituents lead to more thermodynamically stable product complexes P. Notably, this key step of the reaction (from I to P) is not thermodynamically favourable overall unless the alkyne bears highly electron-withdrawing substituents; subsequent protodeauration renders the reaction irreversible. The counterion might compensate for this instability of species P, and even decrease the barrier. However, in the previous study by Zuccaccia and coworkers, 28 such an effect was not included in the calculations. The results from the monogold catalysed pathway can be compared to those from the dual gold-catalysed mechanism. In the latter, the highest energy barrier is 15.0 kcal/mol for the hydrophenoxylation of diphenylacetylene and 8.9 kcal/mol for the hydromethoxylation of but-2-yne. The latter value can be compared to 26.9 and 22.9 kcal/mol for the monogold-catalysed pathway, depending on whether one or two methanol molecules participate. Thus, the monoaurated process is at least 14.0 kcal/mol more expensive. The analysis of the geometry of the transition state (TS) turns out to be fundamental, describing early or late transition states. When the C O distance is close to 1.5 Ǻ which is similar to the C-O bond distance in P, the corresponding TS can be considered a late transition state. This occurs in all the systems studied here except for those based on fluorinated alkynes. Furthermore, when the alkyne has aryl substituents, the TS structures have slightly less late character. On the other hand, when two alcohol molecules are involved, the second alcohol molecule somewhat stabilises the developing

18 positive charge on the alcohol proton, thus dramatically reducing the later transition state character. The character of the carbon-carbon bond in η 2 -alkyne complex I is essentially unaffected once the alcohol bonds to either of the carbon atoms, with a small elongation (< 0.09 Ǻ) in all structures studied. In the corresponding step of the dual gold-catalysed mechanism (see TS(III-IV) in Figures 2 and Figure S2), the C O distance in the transition state is Ǻ (versus Ǻ for the monogold pathway), confirming that the transition state has less late character in the dual gold-catalysed mechanism. For a more detailed analysis of the structural changes during the hydroalkoxylation, Mayer Bond Orders (MBO) of the main distances involved in the C-O bond formation are collected in Table S2. The MBO for the former C-C of the alkyne does not change whereas the Au-C MBOs change dramatically. However, the MBOs for the Au-C bonds span a range from 0.6 to 0.7, and are thus rather far from 1.0 in the initial η 2 -alkyne complex I. As would be expected, one Au-C bond sees an increase in MBO of around 0.2 forming a formal Au-C σ-bond in P while the MBO of the other Au-C bond decreases to 0.1 or lower in P. For the dual gold-catalysed mechanism, in the nucleophilic attack (III to IV) the MBO of the C-C bond decreases from to Thus, a significant difference of is observed, to be compared with and for one or two methanol units, in the monogold-catalysed pathway. Furthermore, the new C-O bond in IV displays a MBO of 0.772, significantly higher than and in the monogold-catalysed pathway (with one or two methanol molecules, respectively). To distinguish between the effects of steric and electronic factors, a natural population analysis has been carried out to evaluate the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) charges (see Table S7). The charge on the carbon atom in η 2 -complex I or in adduct A would be expected to be slightly positive in order to favour the nucleophilic attack of the alcohol; however, this is not observed and no trend is evident even when fluorinated substrates are considered. There is no trend in the charge on gold. A deeper analysis of the electronic properties was carried out by means of conceptual DFT to discuss the electrophilicity and chemical hardness from the frontier molecular orbitals (Tables S6 and S9). The electrophilicity of the phenol is slightly higher than that of methanol, but more significant differences appear when the different alkynes are evaluated. If there are fluorinated substituents the system is much more electrophilic.

19 Table S10. 3D view and xyz coordinate data sets and absolute energies in a.u. for DFT optimized complexes. 1A (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= Au O H Au C N C H C H N C C C H C H C H C C H C H H H C H H H C H C H H H C H H H C C C H C H C H C C H C H H H C H H H C H C H H H C H H H C N C H C H N C C C H C H C H C C H C H H H

20 C H H H C H C H H H C H H H C C C H C H C H C C H C H H H C H H H C H C H H H C H H H

21 MeOH-CH C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

22 MeOH-CHTs C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

23 MeOH-CHProd C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

24 PhOH-CH C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

25 PhOH-CHTs C N C C N C C Au C C H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

26 PhOH-CHProd C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

27 MeOH-FC C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

28 MeOH-FCTs C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

29 MeOH-FCProd C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H H H F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

30 PhOH-FC C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H F F C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

31 PhOH-FCTs C N C C N C C Au C C H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

32 PhOH-FCProd C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

33 MeOH-CH-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C H H H H H H H H H H C H H O H H C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

34 MeOH-CHTs-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

35 MeOH-CHProd-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

36 PhOH-CH-PhOH C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

37 PhOH-CHTs-PhOH C N C C N C C Au C C H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

38 PhOH-CHProd-PhOH C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

39 MeOH-FC-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H F F C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

40 MeOH-FCTs-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H F F C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

41 MeOH-FCProd-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H F F C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

42 PhOH-FC-PhOH C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H F F C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

43 PhOH-FCTs-PhOH C N C C N C C Au C C H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H F F C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

44 PhOH-FCProd-PhOH C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H O H F F C C C C C C H H H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

45 MeOH-MeC C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

46 MeOH-MeCTS C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

47 MeOH-MeCprod C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

48 MeOH-CF 3 C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H F F F F F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

49 MeOH-CF 3 prod C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H H H F F F F F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

50 MeOH-PhC C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

51 MeOH-PhCTS (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

52 MeOH-PhCprod (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

53 PhOH-CF 3 C N C C N C C Au C C C C O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

54 PhOH-CF 3 TS C N C C N C C Au C O H H H H H H H H H C C C F F F F F F C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

55 PhOH-CF 3 prod C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H F F F F F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

56 PhOH-MeC C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

57 PhOH-PhC (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

58 MeOH-MeC-MeOH C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

59 MeOH-MeCTS-MeOH C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

60 MeOH-MeCprod-MeOH C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

61 MeOH-CF 3 -MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C H H H F F F F F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

62 MeOH-CF 3 TS-MeOH C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H F F F F F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

63 MeOH-CF 3 prod-meoh C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H F F F F F F (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

64 MeOH-PhC-MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C C N C C Au C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

65 MeOH-PhCTS-MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

66 MeOH-PhCprod-MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

67 PhOH-MeC-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C H H H C H H H

68 PhOH-MeCTS-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C H H H C H H H

69 PhOH-MeCprod-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C H H H C H H H

70 PhOH-CF 3 -PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C C N C C Au C C C C O H H H H H H H H H O H F F F F F F C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

71 PhOH-CF 3 TS-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O H O H C C F F F F F F C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

72 PhOH-CF 3 prod-phoh (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C F F F F F F

73 PhOH-PhC-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

74 PhOH-PhCTS-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N C C N C C Au C C O H H H H H H H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

75 PhOH-PhCprod-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C H H H H H H H H O H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

76 ALCOHOL O C C O C C O C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

77 CAT N C C N C C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

78 CAT+MeOH C N N C C C C H H Au O H C H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

79 CAT+MeO C N N C C C C H H Au C O H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

80 I (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H O C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H H O H O

81 Me-CC-Me C C C C H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

82 MeOH-I C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

83 MeOH-I+II C N N C C C C H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H Au C O C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

84 MeOH-I+II--IV C N N C C C C H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H Au C O C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

85 MeOH-I+MeOH C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

86 MeOH-IV C N N C C C C H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H Au C O C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

87 MeOH-IV-VI-ALKYNE (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H Au C O C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

88 MeOH-IV-VI-MeOH C N N C C C C H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H Au C O O H C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

89 MeOH-RC C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

90 MeOH-RC-MeOH C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

91 MeOH-TS C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

92 MeOH-TS+MeOH C C N C N C Au C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O C H H C H H H O H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

93 MeOH-VII-6-ALKYNE C C C N N C C C C H H Au C O H C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

94 MeOH-VI C O C C C H H H C H H H C N N C C C C H H Au H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

95 MeOH-VII C N N C C C C H H Au C O C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

96 MeOH-VI-VII-MeOH C N N C C C C H H Au C O C C C H H H C H H H C N N C C C C H H Au H O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

97 MeOH O C H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

98 PhOH C C C C H C H C H H H O H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

99 Ph-CC-Ph C C C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

100 PRODcis C O C C H C C H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

101 PRODPhcis (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C C H C C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H C H

102 PRODPhtrans C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C C H C C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H C H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

103 PRODtrans C O C C H C C H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

104 RC C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C C O C C O C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

105 REAL-CAT (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

106 REAL-CAT+PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O H

107 REAL-CAT+PhOH+PhCCPh-CAT+Ph (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= O Au C N C H C H N C C C H C H C H C C H C H H H C H H H C H C H H H C H H H C C C H C H C H C C H C H H H C H H H C H C H H H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C C C H C H C H H H H C C C C

108 H C H C H H H

109 REAL-CAT+PhO (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O

110 REAL-MeCCMe-MeOH-I (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C H H H H H H H H H H

111 REAL-MeCCMe-MeOH-I+MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C H O H C H H H H H H H H H H H H

112 REAL-MeCCMe-MeOH-RC+MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C H O H C H H H H H H H H H H H H

113 REAL-MeOH-I (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H H H H

114 REAL-MeOH-I+MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H O H C

115 H H H H H H

116 REAL-MeOH-RC (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H H H H

117 REAL-MeOH-RC+MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H O H C

118 H H H H H H

119 REAL-MeOH-TS+MeOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H O H C

120 H H H H H H

121 REAL-PhOH-I+II (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

122 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

123 REAL-PhOH-I+II--IVcis (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

124 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

125 REAL-PhOH-I+II-IV (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

126 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

127 REAL-PhOH-I+PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H O H C C

128 C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

129 REAL-PhOH-IVcis (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

130 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

131 REAL-PhOH-I (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H H C C C C

132 H C H C H H H

133 REAL-PhOH-IV (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

134 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

135 REAL-PhOH-IV-VI-ALKYNE (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

136 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C C C H C H C H H H

137 REAL-PhOH-IV-VI-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H

138 C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

139 REAL-PhOH-VII-6-ALKYNE (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C C C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C

140 H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C C C H C H C H H H

141 REAL-PhOH-VII-6-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C H O H C C C C H C H C H H H C C

142 C C H C H C H H H C C C C H C H C H H H

143 REAL-PhOH-VII (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C H C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C

144 H C H C H H H

145 REAL-PhOH-VI-VII-PhOH (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C H H H C H H H C N N C C C C H

146 H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au H O C C C C H C H C H H H

147 REAL-PhOH-VI (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies= C N N C C C C H H C C C C C C H H H C C C C C C C H H H C H C C H C C H C C H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au C C C C C C H C H C H H H O C C C C H C H C H H H C C C C H

148 C H C H H H

149 TS C N C C N C C Au C C C C O C C O C C O C C O C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H (Hartree/Particle) Thermal correction to Energy= Thermal correction to Enthalpy= Thermal correction to Gibbs Free Energy= Sum of electronic and zero-point Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Energies= Sum of electronic and thermal Enthalpies= Sum of electronic and thermal Free Energies=

The Innocent role of Sc 3+ on Non-Heme Fe catalyst in O 2 environment

The Innocent role of Sc 3+ on Non-Heme Fe catalyst in O 2 environment Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Dalton Transactions. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information For The Innocent role of Sc 3+ on Non-Heme Fe catalyst in O 2

More information

Thiourea Derivatives as Brønsted Acid Organocatalysts

Thiourea Derivatives as Brønsted Acid Organocatalysts Supporting Information Thiourea Derivatives as Brønsted Acid Organocatalysts Ádám Madarász, Zsolt Dósa, Szilárd Varga, * Tibor Soós, Antal Csámpai, Imre Pápai * Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research

More information

Electronic Supplementary Information. for

Electronic Supplementary Information. for Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Information for Two Chiral Catalysts in Action: Insights on Cooperativity

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Formation of Ruthenium Carbenes by gem-hydrogen Transfer to Internal Alkynes: Implications for Alkyne trans-hydrogenation Markus Leutzsch, Larry M. Wolf, Puneet Gupta, Michael Fuchs,

More information

Oxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination 1. Oxidative Addition

Oxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination 1. Oxidative Addition Oxidative Addition Oxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination 1 An oxidative addition reaction is one in which (usually) a neutral ligand adds to a metal center and in doing so oxidizes the metal, typically

More information

Acid-Base -Bronsted-Lowry model: -Lewis model: -The more equilibrium lies to the right = More [H 3 O + ] = Higher K a = Lower pk a = Stronger acid

Acid-Base -Bronsted-Lowry model: -Lewis model: -The more equilibrium lies to the right = More [H 3 O + ] = Higher K a = Lower pk a = Stronger acid Revision Hybridisation -The valence electrons of a Carbon atom sit in 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 orbitals that are different in energy. It has 2 x 2s electrons + 2 x 2p electrons are available to form 4 covalent bonds.

More information

REACTIONS OF HALOALKANES - SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION

REACTIONS OF HALOALKANES - SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF HALOALKANES - SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION Haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes and alkyl halides) are organic compounds where one of the hydrogens of an alkane or cycloalkane has been

More information

Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry and UV Spectroscopy

Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry and UV Spectroscopy Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry and UV Spectroscopy Introduction There are several possible arrangements for a molecule which contains two double bonds (diene): Isolated: (two or more single bonds

More information

Reaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. Reactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b.

Reaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. Reactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b. eaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. eactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b. Oxidative Addition c. eductive Elimination d. Nucleophillic

More information

A DFT study on the NHC catalysed Michael addition of enols to α,βunsaturated acyl-azoliums. A base catalysed C-C bond-formation step.

A DFT study on the NHC catalysed Michael addition of enols to α,βunsaturated acyl-azoliums. A base catalysed C-C bond-formation step. A DFT study on the NHC catalysed Michael addition of enols to α,βunsaturated acyl-azoliums. A base catalysed C-C bond-formation step. Supporting Information Luis R. Domingo, a * José A. Sáez b and Manuel

More information

Introduction to Alkenes and Alkynes

Introduction to Alkenes and Alkynes Introduction to Alkenes and Alkynes In an alkane, all covalent bonds between carbon were σ (σ bonds are defined as bonds where the electron density is symmetric about the internuclear axis) In an alkene,

More information

CHEM 251 (4 credits): Description

CHEM 251 (4 credits): Description CHEM 251 (4 credits): Intermediate Reactions of Nucleophiles and Electrophiles (Reactivity 2) Description: An understanding of chemical reactivity, initiated in Reactivity 1, is further developed based

More information

Insertion Reactions. 1) 1,1 insertion in which the metal and the X ligand end up bound to the same (1,1) atom

Insertion Reactions. 1) 1,1 insertion in which the metal and the X ligand end up bound to the same (1,1) atom Insertion Reactions xidative addition and substitution allow us to assemble 1e and 2e ligands on the metal, respectively. With insertion, and its reverse reaction, elimination, we can now combine and transform

More information

CHAPTER 7. Further Reactions of Haloalkanes: Unimolecular Substitution and Pathways of Elimination

CHAPTER 7. Further Reactions of Haloalkanes: Unimolecular Substitution and Pathways of Elimination CHAPTER 7 Further Reactions of Haloalkanes: Unimolecular Substitution and Pathways of Elimination 7-1 Solvolysis of Tertiary and Secondary Haloalkanes The rate of S N 2 reactions decrease dramatically

More information

Organic Reactions Susbstitution S N. Dr. Sapna Gupta

Organic Reactions Susbstitution S N. Dr. Sapna Gupta Organic Reactions Susbstitution S N 2 Dr. Sapna Gupta Kinetics of Nucleophilic Reaction Rate law is order of reaction 0 order is when rate of reaction is unaffected by change in concentration of the reactants

More information

1. Addition of HBr to alkenes

1. Addition of HBr to alkenes eactions of Alkenes I eading: Wade chapter 8, sections 8-1- 8-8 tudy Problems: 8-47, 8-48, 8-55, 8-66, 8-67, 8-70 Key Concepts and kills: Predict the products of additions to alkenes, including regiochemistry

More information

CHAPTER 2. Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

CHAPTER 2. Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules CHAPTER 2 Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules 2-1 Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Simple Chemical Processes Chemical thermodynamics: Is concerned with the extent that

More information

The Study of Chemical Reactions. Mechanism: The complete, step by step description of exactly which bonds are broken, formed, and in which order.

The Study of Chemical Reactions. Mechanism: The complete, step by step description of exactly which bonds are broken, formed, and in which order. The Study of Chemical Reactions Mechanism: The complete, step by step description of exactly which bonds are broken, formed, and in which order. Thermodynamics: The study of the energy changes that accompany

More information

Nucleophilic attack on ligand

Nucleophilic attack on ligand Nucleophilic attack on ligand Nucleophile "substitutes" metal hapticity usually decreases xidation state mostly unchanged Competition: nucleophilic attack on metal usually leads to ligand substitution

More information

10/26/2010. An Example of a Polar Reaction: Addition of H 2 O to Ethylene. to Ethylene

10/26/2010. An Example of a Polar Reaction: Addition of H 2 O to Ethylene. to Ethylene 6.5 An Example of a Polar Reaction: Addition of H 2 O to Ethylene Addition of water to ethylene Typical polar process Acid catalyzed addition reaction (Electophilic addition reaction) Polar Reaction All

More information

N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES Zachery Matesich 24 February 2015 Roadmap 2 Introduction Synthetic Methods History of NHCs Properties of NHCs Nature of the carbene Structural properties

More information

Chapter 6 Ionic Reactions-Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides"

Chapter 6 Ionic Reactions-Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides Chapter 6 Ionic Reactions-Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides" t Introduction" The polarity of a carbon-halogen bond leads to the carbon having a partial positive charge"

More information

The following molecules are related:

The following molecules are related: Isolobal Analogy Inclusion of the ligand η-c 5 H 5 - which, as a donor of 3 π-electron pairs formally occupies 3 coordination sites, yields the analogies: The following molecules are related: 1 Isolobal

More information

Chap. 8 Substitution Reactions

Chap. 8 Substitution Reactions Chap. 8 Substitution Reactions Y + R X R' Y + X Nucleophilic not necessarily the same as R Electrophilic S N 1 slow (C 3 ) 3 CCl (C + Cl - 3 ) 3 C + (C 3 ) 3 C + OC 2 C 3 C 3 C 2 O C 3 C 2 O d[( C ) 3CCl]

More information

Chapter 5. Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism. by G.DEEPA

Chapter 5. Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism. by G.DEEPA Chapter 5 Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism by G.DEEPA 1 Introduction The polarity of a carbon halogen bond leads to the carbon having a partial positive charge In alkyl halides this polarity

More information

A Summary of Organometallic Chemistry

A Summary of Organometallic Chemistry A Summary of Organometallic Chemistry Counting valence electrons (v.e.) with the ionic model 1. Look at the total charge of the complex Ph 3 P Cl Rh Ph 3 P PPh 3 OC CO 2 Fe OC CO Co + charge:0 charge:

More information

A. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis (1) proximity effect (2) acid-base catalysts (3) electrostatic (4) functional groups (5) structural flexibility

A. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis (1) proximity effect (2) acid-base catalysts (3) electrostatic (4) functional groups (5) structural flexibility (P&S Ch 5; Fer Ch 2, 9; Palm Ch 10,11; Zub Ch 9) A. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis (1) proximity effect (2) acid-base catalysts (3) electrostatic (4) functional groups (5) structural flexibility B.

More information

Principles of Enzyme Catalysis Arthur L. Haas, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Principles of Enzyme Catalysis Arthur L. Haas, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Principles of Enzyme Catalysis Arthur L. Haas, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Review: Garrett and Grisham, Enzyme Specificity and Regulation (Chapt. 13) and Mechanisms of Enzyme

More information

Glendale Community College Chemistry 105 Exam. 3 Lecture Notes Chapters 6 & 7

Glendale Community College Chemistry 105 Exam. 3 Lecture Notes Chapters 6 & 7 Sevada Chamras, Ph.D. Glendale Community College Chemistry 105 Exam. 3 Lecture Notes Chapters 6 & 7 Description: Examples: 3 Major Types of Organic Halides: 1. Alkyl Halides: Chapter 6 (Part 1/2) : Alkyl

More information

sp 3 C-H insertion by α-oxo Gold Carbene B4 Kei Ito

sp 3 C-H insertion by α-oxo Gold Carbene B4 Kei Ito 1 sp 3 C-H insertion by α-oxo Gold Carbene B4 Kei Ito 2016. 1. 30 1. Introduction 2 About Carbene 3 Brief history of carbene (~2000) Carbene Neutral compounds featuring a divalent carbon atom with only

More information

PAPER No. 5: REACTION MECHANISM MODULE No. 2: Types of Organic Reaction Mechanisms

PAPER No. 5: REACTION MECHANISM MODULE No. 2: Types of Organic Reaction Mechanisms Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Paper No. 5:Organic Chemistry-II Module No. 2: Overview of different types of Organic Reaction Mechanisms CHE_P5_M2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

More information

Organic Chemistry. Second Edition. Chapter 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions. David Klein. Klein, Organic Chemistry 2e

Organic Chemistry. Second Edition. Chapter 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions. David Klein. Klein, Organic Chemistry 2e Organic Chemistry Second Edition David Klein Chapter 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Klein, Organic Chemistry 2e 19.1 Introduction to Electrophilic

More information

Course 201N 1 st Semester Inorganic Chemistry Instructor: Jitendra K. Bera

Course 201N 1 st Semester Inorganic Chemistry Instructor: Jitendra K. Bera andout-9 ourse 201N 1 st Semester 2006-2007 Inorganic hemistry Instructor: Jitendra K. Bera ontents 3. rganometallic hemistry xidative Addition, Reductive Elimination, Migratory Insertion, Elimination

More information

Lecture Topics: I. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)

Lecture Topics: I. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Reading: Wade chapter 17, sections 17-1- 17-15 Study Problems: 17-44, 17-46, 17-47, 17-48, 17-51, 17-52, 17-53, 17-59, 17-61 Key Concepts and Skills: Predict and propose

More information

Chapter 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms

Chapter 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms Chapter 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms 6.1 Enthalpy Enthalpy (ΔH or q) is the heat energy exchange between the reaction and its surroundings at constant pressure Breaking a bond requires the system

More information

PAPER No. : 5; Organic Chemistry-II MODULE No. : 13; Mixed S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions

PAPER No. : 5; Organic Chemistry-II MODULE No. : 13; Mixed S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 5; Organic Chemistry-II 13; Mixed S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions CHE_P5_M13 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 3. Nature

More information

DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY. Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction

DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY. Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 5 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction The vertical axis in this graph represents the potential energy. The transition

More information

There are two main electronic effects that substituents can exert:

There are two main electronic effects that substituents can exert: Substituent Effects There are two main electronic effects that substituents can exert: RESONANCE effects are those that occur through the π system and can be represented by resonance structures. These

More information

Chemistry General Chemistry II Spring 2006 Test #1

Chemistry General Chemistry II Spring 2006 Test #1 Name: KEY Chemistry 122-04 -- General Chemistry II Spring 2006 Test #1 Organic molecules, molecular structure and bonding theory, solubility, (breathe now) phase transitions, spectroscopy, and kinetics

More information

Mechanistic Study of Ethylene Tri- and Tetramerisation with Cr/PNP

Mechanistic Study of Ethylene Tri- and Tetramerisation with Cr/PNP Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for atalysis Science & Technology. This journal is The Royal Society of hemistry 2016 Mechanistic Study of Ethylene Tri- and Tetramerisation with r/pnp atalysts:

More information

Basic Organic Chemistry Course code : CHEM (Pre-requisites : CHEM 11122)

Basic Organic Chemistry Course code : CHEM (Pre-requisites : CHEM 11122) Basic Organic Chemistry Course code : CHEM 12162 (Pre-requisites : CHEM 11122) Chapter 01 Mechanistic Aspects of S N2,S N1, E 2 & E 1 Reactions Dr. Dinesh R. Pandithavidana Office: B1 222/3 Phone: (+94)777-745-720

More information

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. A. Energy and Energy Conversions

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. A. Energy and Energy Conversions Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism Lecture Series 6 Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism B. ATP: Transferring Energy in Cells D. Molecular Structure Determines Enzyme Fxn Energy is the capacity to do work (cause

More information

S N 1 Displacement Reactions

S N 1 Displacement Reactions S N 1 Displacement Reactions Tertiary alkyl halides cannot undergo S N 2 reactions because of the severe steric hindrance blocking a backside approach of the nucleophile. They can, however, react via an

More information

Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The

More information

Chapter 9. Nucleophilic Substitution and ß-Elimination

Chapter 9. Nucleophilic Substitution and ß-Elimination Chapter 9 Nucleophilic Substitution and ß-Elimination Nucleophilic Substitution Nucleophile: From the Greek meaning nucleus loving. A molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to another atom or

More information

Organic Reactions Susbstitution S N. Dr. Sapna Gupta

Organic Reactions Susbstitution S N. Dr. Sapna Gupta Organic Reactions Susbstitution S N 2 Dr. Sapna Gupta Kinetics of Nucleophilic Reaction Rate law is order of reaction 0 order is when rate of reaction is unaffected by change in concentration of the reactants

More information

ummary Manipulating Radicals

ummary Manipulating Radicals Manipulating Radicals ummary Modern catalysis research tries to address issues such as material scarcity, sustainability or process costs. One solution is to replace expensive and scarce noble metal catalysts

More information

Chapter 8. Substitution reactions of Alkyl Halides

Chapter 8. Substitution reactions of Alkyl Halides Chapter 8. Substitution reactions of Alkyl Halides There are two types of possible reaction in organic compounds in which sp 3 carbon is bonded to an electronegative atom or group (ex, halides) 1. Substitution

More information

H 2 SO 4 Ar-NO 2 + H2O

H 2 SO 4 Ar-NO 2 + H2O Phenyl group: Shorthand for phenyl: Ph, C 6 5,. An aryl group is an aromatic group: phenyl, substituted phenyl, or other aromatic group. Shorthand: Ar Generalized electrophilic aromatic substitution: E

More information

Module No and Title. PAPER No: 5 ; TITLE : Organic Chemistry-II MODULE No: 25 ; TITLE: S E 1 reactions

Module No and Title. PAPER No: 5 ; TITLE : Organic Chemistry-II MODULE No: 25 ; TITLE: S E 1 reactions Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 5; Organic Chemistry-II 25; S E 1 reactions CHE_P5_M25 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 3. S E 1 reactions 3.1

More information

p Bonds as Electrophiles

p Bonds as Electrophiles Chapter 7 p Bonds as Electrophiles REACTIONS OF CARBONYLS AND RELATED FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 1 7.2.1 Orbital structure of the carbonyl group Because oxygen is more

More information

CHE1502. Tutorial letter 203/1/2016. General Chemistry 1B. Semester 1. Department of Chemistry

CHE1502. Tutorial letter 203/1/2016. General Chemistry 1B. Semester 1. Department of Chemistry E1502/203/1/2016 Tutorial letter 203/1/2016 General hemistry 1B E1502 Semester 1 Department of hemistry This tutorial letter contains the answers to the questions in assignment 3. FIRST SEMESTER: KEY T

More information

Lecture 14 (10/18/17) Lecture 14 (10/18/17)

Lecture 14 (10/18/17) Lecture 14 (10/18/17) Lecture 14 (10/18/17) Reading: Ch6; 190-191, 194-195, 197-198 Problems: Ch6 (text); 7, 24 Ch6 (study guide-facts); 4, 13 NEXT Reading: Ch6; 198-203 Ch6; Box 6-1 Problems: Ch6 (text); 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,

More information

Organometallic Reagents

Organometallic Reagents Making - bonds rganometallic eagents [hapter 3 Section 3.4; http://ochem.jsd.claremont.edu/tutorials.htm#] alletrin I (aid ) creating - bonds allows for making larger organic molecules from smaller molecules

More information

FRUSTRATED LEWIS PAIRS: structure and synthetic applications

FRUSTRATED LEWIS PAIRS: structure and synthetic applications FRUSTRATED LEWIS PAIRS: structure and synthetic applications Zachery Matesich 17 November 2015 Gilbert Newton Lewis 2 Born: 1875 PhD: 1899 Harvard Berkley Professor: 1912-1946 Valence and the Structure

More information

Chapter 04 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides part 01

Chapter 04 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides part 01 hapter 04 Alcohols and Alkyl alides part 01 EM 341: Spring 2012 Prof. Greg ook Functional Groups A functional group is a structural feature in a molecule that has characteristic reactivity. A functional

More information

Course Goals for CHEM 202

Course Goals for CHEM 202 Course Goals for CHEM 202 Students will use their understanding of chemical bonding and energetics to predict and explain changes in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy for a variety of processes and reactions.

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information S1 Supporting Information A Radical Mechanism of Isocyanide-Alkyne Cycloaddition by Multi-catalysis of Ag 2 CO 3, Solvent, and Substrate Pin Xiao, Haiyan Yuan, Jianquan Liu, Yiying Zheng, Xihe Bi,* and

More information

Nuggets of Knowledge for Chapter 17 Dienes and Aromaticity Chem 2320

Nuggets of Knowledge for Chapter 17 Dienes and Aromaticity Chem 2320 Nuggets of Knowledge for Chapter 17 Dienes and Aromaticity Chem 2320 I. Isolated, cumulated, and conjugated dienes A diene is any compound with two or C=C's is a diene. Compounds containing more than two

More information

The Electrophile. S N 2 and E2 least stable most stable least hindered most hindered. S N 1 and E1. > x > >

The Electrophile. S N 2 and E2 least stable most stable least hindered most hindered. S N 1 and E1. > x > > The Electrophile 1 Recall that electrophile means electron- loving. When considering substitution and elimination reactions we must consider the carbon attached to the leaving group. Is it a primary, secondary,

More information

21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids. Acids Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids.

21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids. Acids Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids. 21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are abundant in nature and in pharmaceuticals. 21.1 Introduction Carboxylic Acids The US produces over 2.5 million tons of acetic acid per year, which

More information

and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry, 7 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 15 Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 2010, Prentice all Conjugated Systems Conjugated double bonds are separated

More information

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Summer Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Summer Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July 344 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Summer 2013 Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July 30 2013 Summary of Grignard lecture Organometallic chemistry - the chemistry of compounds

More information

ACTIVATION OF C H BONDS BY LOW-VALENT METAL COMPLEXES ( THE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY )

ACTIVATION OF C H BONDS BY LOW-VALENT METAL COMPLEXES ( THE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY ) CHAPTER IV ACTIVATION OF C H BONDS BY LOW-VALENT METAL COMPLEXES ( THE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY ) n the end of the 1960s the leading specialist in homogeneous catalysis Jack Halpern wrote [1]: to develop

More information

Chapter 14. Principles of Catalysis

Chapter 14. Principles of Catalysis Organometallics Study Meeting 2011/08/28 Kimura Chapter 14. Principles of Catalysis 14. 1. General Principles 14.1.1. Definition of a Catalyst 14.1.2. Energetics of Catalysis 14.1.3. Reaction Coordinate

More information

Química Orgânica I. Organic Reactions

Química Orgânica I. Organic Reactions Química Orgânica I 2008/09 w3.ualg.pt\~abrigas QOI 0809 A6 1 Organic Reactions Addition two molecules combine Elimination one molecule splits Substitution parts from two molecules exchange Rearrangement

More information

2/28/2011. Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions. Organic Chemical Reactions. 6.1 Kinds of Organic Reactions

2/28/2011. Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions. Organic Chemical Reactions. 6.1 Kinds of Organic Reactions John E. McMurry http://www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions CHP 6 Problems: 6.1-13, 17-36. Richard Morrison University of Georgia, Athens Organic Chemical Reactions

More information

LECTURE #12 Thurs., Oct.13, Midterm exam: Tues.Oct.25 during class Ch.1, , 7.10, 2,

LECTURE #12 Thurs., Oct.13, Midterm exam: Tues.Oct.25 during class Ch.1, , 7.10, 2, CHEM 221 section 01 LECTURE #12 Thurs., Oct.13, 2005 Midterm exam: Tues.Oct.25 during class Ch.1, 7.2-7.5, 7.10, 2, 3.1-3.5 ASSIGNED READINGS: TODAY S CLASS: 3.6 How alkenes react: curved arrows to show

More information

PAPER No. 5:Organic Chemistry-2(Reaction Mechanism-1) MODULE No. 6: Generation, Structure, Stability and Reactivity of Carbocations

PAPER No. 5:Organic Chemistry-2(Reaction Mechanism-1) MODULE No. 6: Generation, Structure, Stability and Reactivity of Carbocations Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Paper No. 5: Organic Chemistry-II (Reaction Mechanism-1) Generation, Structure, Stability and Reactivity of Carbocations CHE_P5_M6 TABLE

More information

Paper 3: (Stereochemistry, Metal-Ligand Equilibria and Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes)

Paper 3: (Stereochemistry, Metal-Ligand Equilibria and Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes) Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 4, Bent rule and energetics of hybridisation CHE_P3_M4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 2.1 Bent rule and energetics of hybridization

More information

Chapter 7 - Alkenes and Alkynes I

Chapter 7 - Alkenes and Alkynes I Andrew Rosen Chapter 7 - Alkenes and Alkynes I 7.1 - Introduction - The simplest member of the alkenes has the common name of ethylene while the simplest member of the alkyne family has the common name

More information

REACTION AND SYNTHESIS REVIEW

REACTION AND SYNTHESIS REVIEW REACTION AND SYNTHESIS REVIEW A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO PREDICT PRODUCTS, IDENTIFY REACTANTS, GIVE REACTION CONDITIONS, PROPOSE SYNTHESES, AND PROPOSE MECHANISMS (AS LISTED BELOW). REVIEW THE MECHANISM

More information

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage (C-C Activation) Group Meeting Timothy Chang

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage (C-C Activation) Group Meeting Timothy Chang Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage (C-C Activation) Group Meeting 01-15-2008 Timothy Chang Outlines - Fundamental considerations, C-H versus C-C activation - Orbital interactions -

More information

11/26/ Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

11/26/ Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 9.5 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds The general concept of aromaticity can be extended to include polycyclic aromatic compounds Benzo[a]pyrene is one of the cancer-causing substances found in tobacco smoke

More information

Reviewers' Comments: Reviewer #1 (Remarks to the Author)

Reviewers' Comments: Reviewer #1 (Remarks to the Author) Reviewers' Comments: Reviewer #1 (Remarks to the Author) A. The work describes a series of reactions of cyclic bis-boron species with small molecules. B. The work is both highly interesting and novel.

More information

ORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH. 22- REACTIONS OF BENZENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

ORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH. 22- REACTIONS OF BENZENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION GENERAL MECHANISM Benzene reacts with very few reagents. It DOES NOT undergo typical addition reactions. Why? If we can get benzene to

More information

BSc. II 3 rd Semester. Submitted By Dr. Sangita Nohria Associate Professor PGGCG-11 Chandigarh 1

BSc. II 3 rd Semester. Submitted By Dr. Sangita Nohria Associate Professor PGGCG-11 Chandigarh 1 BSc. II 3 rd Semester Submitted By Dr. Sangita Nohria Associate Professor PGGCG-11 Chandigarh 1 Introduction to Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are organic molecules containing a halogen atom bonded to an

More information

Alkyl Halides. Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp 3 orbital of an alkyl group.

Alkyl Halides. Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp 3 orbital of an alkyl group. Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp 3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl 3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF 2 Cl 2 (Freon-12: refrigerant

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Synthesis of α-(pentafluorosulfanyl)- and α-(trifluoromethyl)-substituted Carboxylic Acid Derivatives by Ireland-Claisen Rearrangement Anna-Lena Dreier, Bernd Beutel, Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld,

More information

Andrew Zahrt Denmark Group Meeting

Andrew Zahrt Denmark Group Meeting Andrew Zahrt Denmark Group Meeting 4.28.15 Introduction Early Publications/Hypotheses: Thermodynamic Product Stability Ground State Destabilization Transition State Stabilization Solvent Effects Gas Phase

More information

Examples of Substituted Benzenes

Examples of Substituted Benzenes Organic Chemistry 5 th Edition Paula Yurkanis Bruice Examples of Substituted Benzenes Chapter 15 Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Irene Lee Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 2007, Prentice

More information

ORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH.4 - ACIDS AND BASES.

ORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH.4 - ACIDS AND BASES. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: FREE ENERGY DIAGRAMS Atoms save energy by forming bonds. Free energy diagrams show overall changes in potential energy during reactions. Free energy diagrams give us information

More information

Essential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 9

Essential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 9 Essential Organic Chemistry Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 9 Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 9.1 How Alkyl Halides React Substitution Reactions One group takes the place of another.

More information

Organic Chemistry Lecture 2 - Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Substitutions

Organic Chemistry Lecture 2 - Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Substitutions ALKANES Water-insoluble, low density C-C single bonds Higher MW -> higher BP, higher MP Branching -> lower BP, higher MP Forms cycloalkanes which can have ring strain Cyclohexane: chair vs. boat configuration

More information

A. Loupy, B.Tchoubar. Salt Effects in Organic and Organometallic Chemistry

A. Loupy, B.Tchoubar. Salt Effects in Organic and Organometallic Chemistry A. Loupy, B.Tchoubar Salt Effects in Organic and Organometallic Chemistry 1 Introduction - Classification of Specific Salt Effects 1 1.1 Specific Salt Effects Involving the Salt's Lewis Acid or Base Character

More information

Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination

Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination xidative Addition and Reductive Elimination red elim coord 2 ox add ins Peter.. Budzelaar xidative Addition Basic reaction: n + X Y n X Y The new -X and -Y bonds are formed using: the electron pair of

More information

Some Arrow-Pushing Guidelines (Section 1.14) 1. Arrows follow electron movement.

Some Arrow-Pushing Guidelines (Section 1.14) 1. Arrows follow electron movement. Chem 350 Jasperse Ch. 1 Notes 1 Note: The headers and associated chapters don t actually jive with the textbook we are using this summer. But otherwise this highlights a lot of the chemistry from Organic

More information

Supporting Information. Nonclassical Single-State Reactivity of an Oxo- Iron(IV) Complex Confined to Triplet Pathways

Supporting Information. Nonclassical Single-State Reactivity of an Oxo- Iron(IV) Complex Confined to Triplet Pathways Supporting Information for Nonclassical Single-State Reactivity of an Oxo- Iron(IV) Complex Confined to Triplet Pathways Claudia Kupper, ǁ Bhaskar Mondal, ǁ Joan Serrano-Plana, Iris Klawitter, Frank Neese,

More information

Substitution and Elimination reactions

Substitution and Elimination reactions PART 3 Substitution and Elimination reactions Chapter 8. Substitution reactions of RX 9. Elimination reactions of RX 10. Substit n/elimin n of other comp ds 11. Organometallic comp ds 12. Radical reactions

More information

Alcohols, Ethers, & Epoxides

Alcohols, Ethers, & Epoxides Alcohols, Ethers, & Epoxides Alcohols Structure and Bonding Enols and Phenols Compounds having a hydroxy group on a sp 2 hybridized carbon enols and phenols undergo different reactions than alcohols. Chapter

More information

Chapter 7 Substitution Reactions 7.1 Introduction to Substitution Reactions Substitution Reactions: two reactants exchange parts to give new products

Chapter 7 Substitution Reactions 7.1 Introduction to Substitution Reactions Substitution Reactions: two reactants exchange parts to give new products hapter 7 Substitution eactions 7.1 Introduction to Substitution eactions Substitution eactions: two reactants exchange parts to give new products A-B + -D A-D + B- 3 2 + Br 3 2 Br + Elimination eaction:

More information

COURSE OBJECTIVES / OUTCOMES / COMPETENCIES.

COURSE OBJECTIVES / OUTCOMES / COMPETENCIES. COURSE OBJECTIVES / OUTCOMES / COMPETENCIES. By the end of the course, students should be able to do the following: See Test1-4 Objectives/Competencies as listed in the syllabus and on the main course

More information

Brønsted/Lewis Acid Synergistically Promote the Initial C-C Bond Formation in MTO Reaction

Brønsted/Lewis Acid Synergistically Promote the Initial C-C Bond Formation in MTO Reaction Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supporting Information for Brønsted/Lewis Acid Synergistically Promote the Initial C-C

More information

6-2 This exercise is worked out on page 220 as "Working with Concepts".

6-2 This exercise is worked out on page 220 as Working with Concepts. Copyright 2009 James K Whitesell 6-1 Although we can approach this exercise from a chemical perspective, one can also teach a non-chemist how to derive the answer once the name of the starting material

More information

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Alkyl halides react with a nucleophile in one of two ways. Either they eliminate an X to form an alkene, or they undergo a substitution with the nucleophile, Nu,

More information

11/5/ Conjugated Dienes. Conjugated Dienes. Conjugated Dienes. Heats of Hydrogenation

11/5/ Conjugated Dienes. Conjugated Dienes. Conjugated Dienes. Heats of Hydrogenation 8.12 Sites of unsaturation Many compounds have numerous sites of unsaturation If sites are well separated in molecule they react independently If sites are close together they may interact with one another

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions of alkenes. Addition reactions Carbocations Selectivity of reactions

Chapter 4. Reactions of alkenes. Addition reactions Carbocations Selectivity of reactions Chapter 4 Reactions of alkenes Addition reactions Carbocations Selectivity of reactions Prob 47 p192. Give the reagents that would be required (including catalyst). Ch 4 #2 Electrophilic addition Ch 4

More information

17.1 Classes of Dienes

17.1 Classes of Dienes 17.1 Classes of Dienes There are three categories for dienes: Cumulated: pi bonds are adjacent. Conjugated: pi bonds are separated by exactly ONE single bond. Isolated: pi bonds are separated by any distance

More information

Nucleophile. Reaction Intermediate. Introduction to Reaction mechanisms. Definitions 2/25/2012

Nucleophile. Reaction Intermediate. Introduction to Reaction mechanisms. Definitions 2/25/2012 Introduction to Reaction mechanisms Definition A reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. It is also a detailed description of the

More information

O CH 3. Mn CH 3 OC C. 16eelimination

O CH 3. Mn CH 3 OC C. 16eelimination igratory Insertion igratory Insertion/Elimination 1 A migratory insertion reaction is when a cisoidal anionic and neutral ligand on a metal complex couple together to generate a new coordinated anionic

More information