Reference may be made to the Physics Data Booklet and the accompanying Relationships sheet. 1 All questions should be attempted.

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1 X7// NTIONL QULIFITIONS MONY, 8 MY PHYSIS. PM 3.3 PM HIGHR (Revised) Read arefully Reference may be made to the Physics ata ooklet and the accompanying Relationships sheet. ll questions should be attempted. Section (questions to ) heck that the answer sheet is for Physics Higher (Revised) (Section ). 3 For this section of the examination you must use an H pencil and, where necessary, an eraser. 4 heck that the answer sheet you have been given has your name, date of birth, SN (Scottish andidate Number) and entre Name printed on it. o not change any of these details. 5 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately. 6 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided. 7 There is only one correct answer to each question. 8 ny rough working should be done on the question paper or the rough working sheet, not on your answer sheet. 9 t the end of the exam, put the answer sheet for Section inside the front cover of your answer book. Instructions as to how to record your answers to questions are given on page three. Section (questions to 33) nswer the questions numbered to 33 in the answer book provided. ll answers must be written clearly and legibly in ink. 3 Fill in the details on the front of the answer book. 4 nter the question number clearly in the margin of the answer book beside each of your answers to questions to are should be taken to give an appropriate number of significant figures in the final answers to calculations. 6 Where additional paper, eg square ruled paper, is used, write your name and SN (Scottish andidate Number) on it and place it inside the front cover of your answer booklet. LI X7// 6/5 *X7//*

2 T SHT OMMON PHYSIL QUNTITIS Quantity Symbol Value Quantity Symbol Value Speed of light in vacuum c 3 8 m s Planck s constant h J s Magnitude of the charge on an electron e 6 9 Mass of electron m e 9 3 kg Universal onstant of Gravitation G 6 67 m 3 kg s Mass of neutron m n kg Gravitational acceleration on arth g 9 8 m s Mass of proton m p kg Hubble s constant H 3 8 s RFRTIV INIS The refractive indices refer to sodium light of wavelength 589 nm and to substances at a temperature of 73 K. Substance Refractive index Substance Refractive index iamond 4 Water 33 rown glass 5 ir SPTRL LINS lement Wavelength/nm olour lement Wavelength/nm olour Hydrogen Sodium Red lue-green lue-violet Violet Ultraviolet Ultraviolet Yellow admium Lasers Red Green lue lement Wavelength/nm olour arbon dioxide } Infrared Helium-neon 633 Red PROPRTIS OF SLT MTRILS luminium opper Ice Sea Water Water ir Hydrogen Substance ensity/kg m 3 Melting Point/K oiling Point/K The gas densities refer to a temperature of 73 K and a pressure of 5 Pa [X7//] Page two

3 STION For questions to in this section of the paper the answer to each question is either,,, or. ecide what your answer is, then, using your pencil, put a horizontal line in the space provided see the example below. XMPL The energy unit measured by the electricity meter in your home is the kilowatt-hour ampere watt coulomb volt. The correct answer is kilowatt-hour. The answer has been clearly marked in pencil with a horizontal line (see below). hanging an answer If you decide to change your answer, carefully erase your first answer and, using your pencil, fill in the answer you want. The answer below has been changed to. [Turn over [X7//] Page three

4 STION nswer questions on the answer sheet.. trolley travels along a straight track. The graph shows how the velocity v of the trolley varies with time t. v t t t. rocket of mass kg accelerates vertically upwards from the surface of a planet at m s. The gravitational field strength on the planet is 4 N kg. What is the size of the force being exerted by the rocket s engines? 4 N Which graph shows how the acceleration a of the trolley varies with time t? 8 N N N a 4 N t t t 3. The diagram shows the masses and velocities of two trolleys just before they collide on a level bench. 6 m s m s a kg kg t t t fter the collision, the trolleys move along the bench joined together. a How much kinetic energy is lost in this collision? J t t t 6 J J 8 J 4 J a t t t a t t t [X7//] Page four

5 4. satellite orbits a planet at a distance of 5 7 m from the centre of the planet. The mass of the satellite is 5 4 kg. The mass of the planet is 4 4 kg. The gravitational force acting on the satellite due to the planet is 7-6 N 7 3 N 3 N 7 4 N 7 3 N. 7. galaxy is moving away from the arth at a velocity of 7 m s -. Light of wavelength 45 nm is emitted from this galaxy. When detected and measured on arth this light has a wavelength of 45 nm 43 nm 468 nm 475 nm 63 nm. 5. The length of a spaceship at rest is L. This spaceship passes a planet at a speed of 95c. Which row in the table gives the measured lengths of the spaceship according to an observer on the spaceship and an observer on the planet? 8. Galaxies at different distances from the arth have been found to have different speeds. The graph shows data for some distant galaxies. speed/km s - 3 Length measured by observer on spaceship Length measured by observer on planet L L L less than L less than L L less than L less than L greater than L less than L distance/ km 6. spacecraft travels at a constant speed of 7c relative to the arth. clock on the spacecraft records a flight time of 3 hours. clock on arth records this flight time to be 6 hours hours 4 hours 5 5 hours 5 9 hours. student studies this graph and makes the following statements. I The speed of distant galaxies varies inversely with their distance from the arth. II The gradient of the line gives the value of Hubble s constant. III The unit for Hubble s constant is s -. Which of these statements is/are correct? I only II only III only I and II only II and III only [X7//] Page five [Turn over

6 9. S and S are sources of coherent waves. n interference pattern is obtained between X and Y. S S X Y central maximum P Q R. lean zinc plates are mounted on insulating handles and then charged. ifferent types of electromagnetic radiation are now incident on the plates as shown. Which of the zinc plates is most likely to discharge due to photoelectric emission? insulating handle zinc plate INFRR The first order maximum occurs at P, where S P = mm and S P = 8 mm. For the third order maximum, at R, the path difference (S R S R) is INFRR mm 3 mm 4 mm insulating handle zinc plate 5 mm 6 mm. ULTRVIOLT zinc plate insulating handle ULTRVIOLT zinc plate insulating handle VISIL LIGHT zinc plate insulating handle [X7//] Page six

7 . lectromagnetic radiation of frequency 9 4 Hz is incident on a clean metal surface. The work function of the metal is 5 9 J. The maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron released from the metal surface is 3. Which of the following statements describes a spontaneous nuclear fission reaction? 35 9 U + n a + 36 Kr + n 7 3Li + H 4 He + 4 He 9 J 4 9 J 5 9 J 6 9 J 9 9 J. 3 H + H 4 He + n Ra 86Rn + He Po 84Po + γ. In an atom, a photon of radiation is emitted when an electron makes a transition from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as shown. 4. The statement below represents a nuclear reaction. 3 H + H 4 He + n electron photon J The total mass on the left hand side is kg. The total mass on the right hand side is kg. The energy released during one nuclear reaction of this type is The wavelength of the radiation emitted due to an electron transition between the two energy levels shown is 7 m m 8 6 m 4 7 m 5 5 m. 8 9 J 9 3 J 79 J 7 5 J 5 9 J 79 5 J. 5. Which of the following lists the particles in order of size from smallest to largest? helium nucleus; electron; proton helium nucleus; proton; electron proton; helium nucleus, electron electron; helium nucleus, proton electron; proton; helium nucleus [Turn over [X7//] Page seven

8 6. n electron and another particle of identical mass pass through a uniform magnetic field. Their paths are shown in the diagram. 7. circuit is set up as shown. V path of electron region of uniform magnetic field R This observation provides evidence for the existence of neutrinos antimatter quarks protons path of other particle force mediating particles. The variable resistor R is adjusted and a series of readings taken from the voltmeter and ammeter. The graph shows how the voltmeter reading varies with the ammeter reading. voltmeter reading/v ammeter reading/ Which row in the table shows the values for the e.m.f. and internal resistance of the battery in the circuit? e.m.f./v internal resistance/ω [X7//] Page eight

9 8. The diagram shows part of an electrical circuit. X Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Y. The letters X, Y and Z represent missing words in the following passage. Solids can be categorised as conductors, semiconductors or insulators. In... X... the energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band is... Y..., allowing... Z... conduction to take place at room temperature. Which row in the table shows the missing words? What is the resistance between X and Y? X Y Z Ω 5 Ω Ω Ω 5 Ω conductors large no semiconductors small no conductors large some semiconductors small some insulators small no 9. n alternating voltage is displayed on an oscilloscope screen. The Y-gain and the timebase settings are shown. div [Turn over div Y-gain 5 Timebase V/div ms/div Which row in the table gives the values for the peak voltage and frequency of the signal? Peak voltage/v Frequency/Hz [X7//] Page nine

10 STION Marks Write your answers to questions to 33 in the answer book.. golfer hits a ball from point P. The ball leaves the club with a velocity v at an angle of q to the horizontal. The ball travels through the air and lands at point R. Midway between P and R there is a tree of height m. not to scale v m q P R d (a) The horizontal and vertical components of the ball s velocity during its flight are shown. horizontal velocity/m s vertical velocity/m s time/s 3 6 time/s 5 The effects of air resistance can be ignored. alculate: [X7//] (i) the horizontal distance d; (ii) the maximum height of the ball above the ground. (b) When the effects of air resistance are not ignored, the golf ball follows a different path. Is the ball more or less likely to hit the tree? You must justify your answer. Page ten (5)

11 . ll stars emit radiation with a range of wavelengths. The peak wavelength of radiation, l peak, emitted from a star is related to the surface temperature, T, of the star. The table gives the surface temperatures, in kelvin, of four different stars and the peak wavelength radiated from each star. Marks Surface temperature of star T/K Peak wavelength radiated l peak /m (a) Use all the data in the table to show that the relationship between the surface temperature, T, of a star and the peak wavelength radiated, l peak, from the star is 9-3 T = l peak (b) The blue supergiant star ta arinae is one of the largest and most luminous stars in our galaxy. It emits radiation with a peak wavelength of 76 nm. alculate the surface temperature, in kelvin, of this star. (c) Radiation of peak wavelength 6 mm can be detected on arth coming from all directions in space. (i) What name is given to this radiation? (ii) Give a reason why the existence of this radiation supports the ig ang Theory. (6) [Turn over [X7//] Page eleven

12 3. n ion propulsion engine can be used to propel spacecraft to areas of deep space. simplified diagram of a Xenon ion engine is shown. Marks positive metal grid Xenon ions negative metal grid emitted ion beam The Xenon ions are accelerated as they pass through an electric field between the charged metal grids. The emitted ion beam causes a force on the spacecraft in the opposite direction. The spacecraft has a total mass of 75 kg. The mass of a Xenon ion is 8 5 kg and its charge is 6 9. The potential difference between the charged metal grids is kv. (a) (i) Show that the work done on a Xenon ion as it moves through the electric field is 95 6 J. (ii) ssuming the ions are accelerated from rest, calculate the speed of a Xenon ion as it leaves the engine. (b) The ion beam exerts a constant force of 7 N on the spacecraft. alculate the change in speed of the spacecraft during a 6 second period of time. (c) different ion propulsion engine uses Krypton ions which have a smaller mass than Xenon ions. The Krypton engine emits the same number of ions per second at the same speed as the Xenon engine. Which of the two engines produces a greater force? Justify your answer. (7) [X7//] Page twelve

13 4. Tennis players are coached to swing through the ball when striking it rather than stopping the tennis racquet suddenly. Marks Use your knowledge of physics to comment on why this causes the ball to leave the racquet with a greater speed. (3) 5. car is travelling along a straight, level road. The brakes are then applied and the car comes to rest in a distance of 5 m. 5 m brakes applied The work done in stopping the car is 75 kj and the average external frictional force exerted on the car is 3 N. The total mass of the car and driver is kg. (a) alculate the average force exerted by the brakes on the car. (b) second car of smaller total mass is travelling at the same speed along the same road. Its brakes are applied and it stops in the same distance of 5 m. The same average external frictional force is exerted on this car. How does the value of the average braking force on this car compare to that of the original car? You must justify your answer. 3 (5) [Turn over [X7//] Page thirteen

14 6. The following diagram gives information on the Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Interactions. Fundamental Particles Matter Particles Force Mediating Particles Leptons Quarks Gluon W and Z osons Graviton Photon lectron Muon Tau associated with the Strong Force Range: -5 m Relative Strength: 38 associated with the Gravitational Force Range: Infinite Relative Strength: 3 Neutrinos associated with the Weak Nuclear Force Range: -8 m Relative Strength: 5 Up Strange Top own harm ottom associated with the lectromagnetic Force Range: Infinite Relative Strength: 36 Use information from the diagram and your knowledge of physics to answer the following questions. Marks (a) xplain why particles such as leptons and quarks are known as Fundamental Particles. (b) particle called the sigma plus (Σ + ) has a charge of +. It contains two different types of quark. It has two up quarks each having a charge of + / 3 and one strange quark. What is the charge on the strange quark? (c) xplain why the gluon cannot be the force mediating particle for the gravitational force. (d) In the Large Hadron ollider (LH) beams of hadrons travel in opposite directions inside a circular accelerator and then collide. The accelerating particles are guided around the collider using strong magnetic fields. (i) The diagram shows a proton entering a magnetic field. N S proton In which direction is this proton deflected? (ii) The neutron is classified as a hadron. xplain why neutrons are not used for collision experiments in the LH. [X7//] Page fourteen (5)

15 7. manufacturer claims that a grating consists of 3 5 lines per metre and is accurate to ± %. technician decides to test this claim. She directs laser light of wavelength 633 nm onto the grating. Marks not to scale laser grating 35 3 screen third order maximum second order maximum first order maximum central maximum first order maximum second order maximum third order maximum She measures the angle between the central maximum and the third order maximum to be (a) alculate the value she obtains for the slit separation for this grating. (b) What value does she determine for the number of lines per metre for this grating? (c) oes the technician s value for the number of lines per metre agree with the manufacturer s claim of 3 5 lines per metre ± %? You must justify your answer by calculation. (5) 8. One of the most important debates in scientific history asked the question: Is light a wave or a particle? Use your knowledge of physics to comment on our understanding of this issue. (3) [Turn over [X7//] Page fifteen

16 9. technician investigates the path of laser light as it passes through a glass tank filled with water. The light enters the glass tank along the normal at then reflects off a mirror submerged in the water. Marks glass tank refracted ray normal X not to scale water reflected ray 36 laser light normal mirror The refractive index of water for this laser light is 33. (a) alculate angle X. (b) The mirror is now adjusted until the light follows the paths shown. glass tank normal not to scale refracted ray water reflected ray q normal mirror laser light (i) State why the value of q is equal to the critical angle for this laser light in water. (ii) alculate angle q. (c) The water is now replaced with a liquid which has a greater refractive index. The mirror is kept at the same angle as in part (b) and the incident ray again enters the tank along the normal at. raw a sketch which shows the path of the light ray after it has reflected off the mirror. Your sketch should only show what happens at the surface of the liquid. (6) [X7//] Page sixteen

17 3. student investigates how irradiance I varies with distance d from a small lamp. The following apparatus is set up in a darkened laboratory. Marks small lamp light meter metre stick The results are used to produce the following graph. irradiance/w m - x x x x x /m - d (a) xplain why this graph confirms the relationship I = (b) The irradiance of light from the lamp at a distance of 6 m is 4 W m -. alculate the irradiance of the light at a distance of 4 m from the lamp. (c) The experiment is repeated with the laboratory lights switched on. opy the graph shown and, on the same axes, draw another line to show the results of the second experiment. k d (4) [Turn over [X7//] Page seventeen

18 3. student carries out two experiments using different power supplies connected to a lamp of resistance 6 Ω. Marks (a) In the first experiment, the lamp is connected to a power supply of e.m.f. V and internal resistance Ω as shown. V Ω 6 Ω alculate: (i) the reading on the ammeter; (ii) the lost volts; (iii) the output power of the lamp. (b) In the second experiment, the lamp is connected to a different power supply. This supply has the same e.m.f. as the supply in part (a) but a different value of internal resistance. The output power of the lamp is now greater. ssuming the resistance of the lamp has not changed, is the internal resistance of the new power supply less than, equal to, or greater than the internal resistance of the original supply? Justify your answer. (7) [X7//] Page eighteen

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20 3. The charging and discharging of a capacitor are investigated using the circuit shown. Marks kω + V mf R The power supply has an e.m.f. of V and negligible internal resistance. The capacitor is initially uncharged. (a) The switch is connected to and the capacitor starts to charge. Sketch a graph showing how the voltage across the plates of the capacitor varies with time. Your graph should start from the moment the switch is connected to until the capacitor is fully charged. Numerical values are only required on the voltage axis. (b) The capacitor is now discharged by moving the switch to. The graph of current against time as the capacitor discharges is shown. current/m time/s alculate the resistance of R. [X7//] Page twenty

21 3. (continued) Marks (c) The mf capacitor is now replaced with one of different value. This new capacitor is fully charged by moving the switch to. It is then discharged by moving the switch to. The graph of current against time as this capacitor discharges is shown. current/m time/s (i) xplain why the value of the initial discharging current remains the same as in part (b). (ii) How does the capacitance of this capacitor compare with the capacitance of the original mf capacitor? You must justify your answer. (7) [Turn over [X7//] Page twenty-one

22 33. group of students carries out an experiment to find how the horizontal range of a ball depends on the angle of launch, q. They use a projectile launcher as shown. Marks q range The results are shown in the table. ngle of launch, q ( ) Range (m) (a) Using the square ruled paper provided, draw a graph of these results. (b) Use your graph to estimate the angle of launch that produces the maximum range of the ball. (c) Using the same apparatus, the students now wish to determine more precisely the angle of launch that produces the maximum range. Suggest two improvements to the experimental procedure that would achieve this. (d) escribe further experimental work that could be carried out to investigate another factor that may affect the horizontal range of a projectile. [N OF QUSTION PPR] (7) [X7//] Page twenty-two

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25 Relationships required for Physics Higher (Revised) d s = vt w = QV V peak = V = vt = mc I peak = I v = u + at s = ut + at v = u + as ( ) s= u+ vt W = mg F w p P = = hf Q = It k = hf hf = hf T f = ma v = fλ k = = Fd = mgh sinθ n = sinθ t V = IR rms rms V P = IV = I R = R R = R + R = T = R R R T d sinθ = mλ = V + Ir sinθ sinθ p = mv sinθ c = n Ft = mv mu F t ' = mv = G mm r t ( ) v c ( ) l' = l v c f o = f s v v ± v s k I = d λ v = = λ v P I = random uncertainty = V = V V = R R R Q = V R Vs + R = QV = V = path difference = mλ or m+ λ m = where,,... max. value min. value number of values Q z z = λ = v c observed λ rest λ rest v= Hd [X7//] Page one (insert)

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