Answers to SNC 2DI Exam Review: Motion Unit 1. Understand the meaning of the following terms. Be able to recognize their definitions:

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1 Answers to SNC 2DI Exam Review: Motion Unit 1. Understand the meaning of the following terms. Be able to recognize their definitions: Physics Time Acceleration Kinetic energy Average speed Negative acceleration Motion Instantaneous speed Positive acceleration Distance Constant speed Significant digits 2. How many significant digits does each of the following values have? a) 2. ml 4 sig digs d) 6 min in one hour sig digs g).4 m sig digs b) 6. g/l 4 sig digs e).33 L 3 sig digs h) 12.8 s sig digs c) 1 min 1 sig dig f) 1.1 g 4 sig digs i) 1 cm in one metre sd 3. Convert between the following units (round your answer to the same sig digs as the original value): a) 1.24 min x 6 s = 74.4 s 1 min b) 36 m x 1 km =.36 km 1 m c) 49. m x 1 km x 36 s = 178 km s 1 m 1 h h d) 7224 s x 1 h = 2.7 h 36 s e) 114 km x 1 m x 1 h = 31.7 m h 1 km 36 s s f) 18. m x 1 km x 36 s = 66.6 km s 1 m 1 h h 4. Answer the following questions about the graph to the right: b) acceleration is: positive, negative or zero c) acceleration is constant: true or false (its always zero) d) calculate the average speed of the object. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and include all units. V av = d2 - d1 t2 - t1 = 3 m -. m 16. s -. s = 2.2 m/s ( 2 sd ) (choose any two points on the line) Distance (m) Distance vs. Time Graph Answer the following questions about the graph to the right: b) acceleration is: positive, negative, or zero c) acceleration is constant: true or false (it is always zero) d) average speed is: 33 m/s (read from graph) e) calculate the average acceleration of the object. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and include all units. a av = v2 - v1 t2 - t1 = 33 m/s m/s 1. s -. s =. m/s 2 ( 2 sd ) Speed (m/s) Speed vs. Time Graph

2 6. Answer the following questions about the graph to the right: b) acceleration is: positive, negative or zero c) acceleration is constant: true or false d) calculate the average acceleration of the object. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and include all units. a av = v2 v1 =. m/s 2. m/s 2. s. s Speed (m/s) Speed vs. Time Graph = 1. m/s 2 ( 2 sd ) Your answer must be negative because the slope of the line is negative 7. Answer the following questions about the graph to the right: b) acceleration is: positive, negative or zero c) acceleration is constant: true or false (it is a smooth curve) d) calculate the instantaneous speed of the object at 8. s. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and include all units. Draw in a tangent to the line at 8. s and calculate its slope: v instant = d2 d1 = 22 m. m 12. s 4.8 s (use points from the tangent at 8.s) = 3.1 m/s ( 2 sd ) (should be close to this value) Distance (m) Distance vs. Time Graph e) calculate the average speed of the object. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and include all units. v av = d2 d1 = 3. m. m 11. s. s = 2.7 m/s ( 2 sd ) (use the beginning and final points from the curve) 8. A straight line on a distance-time graph means that speed is constant & acceleration is zero. 9. A straight line on a speed-time graph means acceleration is constant. If the line on a speed-time graph is angled up to the right, speed is increasing and acceleration is positive. If the line on a speed-time graph is angled down to the right, speed is decreasing and acceleration is negative.

3 1. Following ALL graphing rules, construct a distance versus time graph for the following data. Draw in an appropriate line of best fit. Distance vs. Time Graph Time Distance 7 (s) (m) For the graph in Q1: a) describe the motion of the object Distance (m) speed is non-constant and increasing (acceleration is positive and constant) b) calculate the instantaneous speed at 7. s. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and all units. v instant = d2 d1 (use points from the tangent at 7.s) =. m. m 1. s 3.3 s =.7 m/s ( 2 sd ) (should be close to this value) c) calculate the average speed of the object. Show an equation, substitution, final answer and all units. V av = d2 d1 (use the beginning and final points from the curve or data table) = 6.4 m. m =.64 m/s ( 2 sd ) 1. s. s 12. Give three examples of positive acceleration. Give three examples of negative acceleration. Positive Acceleration a car accelerating onto the highway an object rolling down a hill a racehorse speeding up in the straight-away Negative Acceleration a truck putting on the brakes to slow down an object slowing down as it rolls up a hill a runner slowing down after he crosses the finish line 13. What does each number represent (eg. distance, time, speed, acceleration)? (look at the units) a) 13. s time d).1 m/s 2 acceleration g) 61 h time b) 3 km distance e) 1.1 km/h/s acceleration h) 27. km/min speed c) 2.66 m/s speed f) 86 m/min speed i) 21 cm distance

4 14. What type of value is represented by 1.6 km/h/s? Explain what this means. 1.6 km/h/s represents an acceleration. It means that every second, speed increases by 1.6 km/h. Solve the following word problems using the GRASP method. Include units at all steps and round your answer the correct number of significant digits. 1. An octopus accelerates at a rate of.6 m/s 2 for a time of 4.8 s. How much will the speed of the octopus change? Given: a av =.6 m/s 2 and t = 4.8 s (both numbers have 2 sd) Required: v =? Analysis: v = a av x t v =.6 m/s 2 x 4.8 s = 3.1 m/s (2 sd) The speed of the octopus will change by 3.1 m/s. 16. A long distance trucker drives 68 km at an average speed of 118 km/h. What length of time did he drive? Given: d = 68 km and v av = 118 km/h (both numbers have 3 sd) Required: t =? Analysis: t = d / v av t = 68 km 118 km/h =.81 h (3 sd) The trucker drove for.81 h. 17. A boat is moving at an initial speed of 32. km/h. The driver accelerates at a rate of 1.1 km/h/s for.29 seconds. What is the final speed of the boat? (37.8 km/h) Given: v i = 32. km/h a av = 1.1 km/h/s and t =.29 s (all numbers have 3 sd) Required: v 2 =? (the final speed) Analysis: Step 1: v = a av x t then Step 2: v = v 2 v 1 v = 1.1 km/h/s x.29 s.82 km/h = v km/h =.82 km/h 37.8 km/h = v 2 (3 sd) The speed of the boat after it accelerates is 37.8 km/h.

5 18. A snowboarder is racing down a mountainside. The race is 2.3 km long and the snowboarder finishes in a time of 3.11 minutes. Calculate the snowboarder s average speed in km/h. Given: d = 2.3 km and t = 3.11 min x 1 h =.183 h (convert minutes to hours) 6 min Required: v av =? in km/h Analysis: v av = d / t v = 2.3 km.183 h = 4.3 km/h or 4.4 km/h (3 sd, answer depends on your conversion) The snowboarder s average speed is 4.3 km/h. 19. A homing pigeon flies at an average speed of 86 km/h for.7 h. How far does the bird fly? Given: v av = 86 km/h and t =.7 h (both numbers have 2 sd) Required: d =? Analysis: d = v av x t d = 86 km/h x.7 h = 6 km (2 sd) The homing pigeon flies a distance of 6 km. 2. A car slows down from an initial speed of 122 km/h to a final speed of 88 km/h in a time of 6.4 s. Calculate the car s average acceleration. (.3 km/h/s) Given: v i = 122 km/h v 2 = 88 km/h and t = 6.4 s (least # of sd is 2) Required: a av =? (average acceleration) Analysis: Step 1: v = v 2 v 1 then Step 2: a av = v t v = 88 km/h 122 km/h = 34 km/h = 34 km/h 6.4 s =.3 km/h/s (2 sd) The car s average acceleration is.3 km/h/s.

6 21. A horse is trotting at an initial speed of 8.3 km/h. It accelerates at a rate of 1.2 km/h/s for 9. seconds. What is the horse s final speed? (19 km/h) Given: v i = 8.3 km/h a av = 1.2 km/h/s and t = 9. s (all numbers have 3 sd) Required: v 2 =? (the final speed) Analysis: Step 1: v = a av x t then Step 2: v = v 2 v 1 v = 1.2 km/h/s x 9. s 1.8 km/h = v km/h = 1.8 km/h 19 km/h = v 2 (2 sd) The horse s final speed is 19 km/h.

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