Quiz No. 1. ln n n. 1. Define: an infinite sequence A function whose domain is N 2. Define: a convergent sequence A sequence that has a limit

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1 Quiz No.. Defie: a ifiite sequece A fuctio whose domai is N 2. Defie: a coverget sequece A sequece that has a limit 3. Is this sequece coverget? Why or why ot? l Yes, it is coverget sice L=0 by LHR.

2 INFINITE SERIES

3 Questio. Ca Joh ad Mark cross the ever-edig bridge?

4 Questio. Let x be the legth of the bridge. x x x x x Note that this expressio ca also be writte as x 2

5 Questio 2. Ca we color the box completely?

6 Questio Note that this expressio ca also be writte as 2

7 Questio 3. Do you kow the sum? Aswer:

8 Questio 4. Recall the sequece defied by. g Now, what ca you say about...

9 Questio 4. WALANG SUM? MAY SUM -? 0? /2?? depede sa last term?

10 Questio NO, it does ot have a sum. Note that this expressio ca also be writte as

11 .3 INFINITE SERIES of CONSTANT TERMS

12 Defiitio. Let u be a sequece of real umbers ad s u u u u The the sequece series. NOTATION: s s, is called a ifiite u

13 Defiitio. I a ifiite series, u u, u 2,..., u,... s, s 2,..., s,... s are called the terms of the ifiite series are called the partial sums of the ifiite series is the sequece of partial sums defiig the ifiite series

14 Example. Cosider 2 The first four terms of the series are u 2 u u u The first four partial sums of the series are s 7 s s s

15 Remarks: If s is the sequece of partial sums defiig the ifiite series The for 2, s s u. Our mai cocer o ifiite series is to determie whether the series coverges or ot. u

16 Defiitios. Cosider a ifiite series ad be the sequece of partial sums defiig the ifiite series. lim If exists ad is equal to, The: s u is coverget u S s S is the sum of the ifiite series

17 Defiitios. If lim s does ot exist, The: u is diverget ad it does ot have a sum.

18 Ca you add a ifiite umber of terms ad have a fiite sum?

19 Prove PROOF. s s s s s 2 2 2

20 PROOF. (cot.) Now, s s 2 0 lim s lim 2 Thus, 2 is coverget ad its sum is.

21 Example 2. Cosider 3 32 Let u 332 Recall that

22 Example 2. (cot.) Now, 3 32 s u u u... u u 2 3 s A collapsig/telescopig series

23 Example 2. (cot.) So, s lim s lim Thus, 3 32 is coverget ad its sum is. 6

24 Theorem. (th term test) lim u 0 If u is coverget, the. PROOF. Suppose lim u is coverget with sum S. The. s S s s u Recall: Thus, lim u lim s s S S 0

25 Remark: (th term test for divergece) lim u 0 If, the u is diverget. BUT lim u 0 If, the u is either diverget or coverget.

26 Examples. Is the series diverget? l 5 e si 2

27 Theorem. s If u is coverget ad is the sequece of partial sums defiig the series, the 0 for each, there exists a umber such R T that if ad are atural umbers such that N R N ad T N, the s s. R T

28 Theorem. The harmoic series is diverget PROOF. Here we use the previous theorem with s s 2 R 2, T

29 PROOF. (cot.) s 2 s That is, o umber s s 2 Thus, N exists such that whe. 2 is diverget.

30 Alterative Proof etc. Thus, k k 2 2 k lim diverges. k 2 is diverget.

31 Theorem. The geometric series ar a r a 0 a r r where ad are costats ad.. coverges to if ; 2. diverges if r. PROOF. 2 s a ar ar... ar 2 rs ar ar... ar ar s rs a ar

32 PROOF. (cot.) s r a r s rs a ar s If a r r a r lim s lim r r, the lim s. a r Now, If r, the lim u lim ar 0. Thus, theorem holds.

33 Examples. Determie if the geometric series is coverget. If it does, fid its sum e

34 Coverget Diverget u where lim s exists u where lim u 0 f f k k ar, r ar, r

35 Quiz No. 2 coverget or diverget? Briefly explai why sec

36 4 Theorems about Ifiite Series. Cosider two ifiite series a ad b.. If they differ oly i a fiite umber of terms, the either both series coverge or both diverge.

37 4 Theorems about Ifiite Series. 2a. If the series a is coverget ad its sum S is, the the series ca is also coverget ad its sum is costat. c cs for each

38 4 Theorems about Ifiite Series. 2b. If the series a is diverget, the the series da ozero costat. is also diverget for each d

39 4 Theorems about Ifiite Series. 3. The sum or differece of two coverget series is also coverget. 4. The sum or differece of a coverget series ad a diverget series is diverget.

40 Examples. Determie whether the series is coverget or diverget. Explai why e

41 WARNING!!! The terms of a coverget series ca be grouped i ay way (provided that the order of the terms is maitaied), ad the ew series will coverge with the same sum as the origial series.

42 END

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